40207_appb

SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS FOR POLYMER COMPOSITES

APPENDIX B

Frank T. Traceski

B.l USES OF SPECIFICATIONS STANDARDS

AND

Material specifications and engineering standards for advanced composite materials have a very broad applicability across the entire spectrum of defense and commercial applications. From basic research, through engineering and manufacturing development, in production, and for maintenance and field repair, material and process specifications establish requirements and procedures.

In research and development, testing standards are used for material characterization to determine physical, chemical, mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. In manufacturing development, material specifications are used to establish material quality and processability requirements. In production, the material pro- ducer uses test standards and material specifications for statistical process control (SPC) to ensure batch-to-batch consistency.

Material testing standards are used extensively in design engineering to determine material design allowables (i.e. strength and stiffness limits beyond which catastrophic fail- ure occurs) at various temperatures and environments. Material testing to standards enables one to quantify material performance

Handbook of Composites. Edited by S.T. Peters. Published in 1998 by Chapman &Hall, London. ISBN 0 412 54020 7

limits. A list of typical composite material qualification tests is provided in Table B.l. These examples are representative of the material properties which are determined in a typical material qualification program in accordance with various test standards.

A concurrent engineering approach to composites engineering requires that material selection (as part of the design process) be inte- grally linked with engineering and manufacturing process development. In composite manufacturing development, material process specifications are defined for a given composite material and manufacturing process. Once optimized, process specifications reduce manufacturing risk and enhance producibility.

Another aspect of composites manufacturing is the nondestructive testing and inspection (NDTI) of composite structures to verify structural integrity during production. Ultrasonic inspection, infrared thermography, and a host of other NDTI methods are employed to locate voids, delaminations, cracks, and other types of structural defects. Standards are also employed here to define NDTI procedures and acceptance criteria.

In summary, engineering test standards and material and process specifications are employed extensively in composites research, development and production. Appendix B identifies specific material specifications and test standards for polymer composites and the

1060 Specifications and standards for polymer composites

Table B.1 Typical composite material qualification tests

Physical Mechanical

Resin content Resin areal weight Resin flow Glass transition temperature

Rheological dynamic spectroscopy (RDS)

Gel time Volatiles content Fiber density Fiber mass per unit length Fiber content Prepreg tack Laminate ply thickness Laminate void content Laminate density Laminate fiber volume Laminate flammability

(Tg)

Tensile strength and modulus Compression strength and

Short beam shear (SBS) 245 In-plane shear Open-hole tension Open-hole compression Compression after impact (CAI)

Flexural strength and modulus Fatigue strength Creep Dynamic mechanical analysis

Instrumented impact (toughened resins)

Fracture toughness (toughened resins)

Solvent sensitivity compression strength, SBS

Bolt bearing

modulus

(DMA)

Chemical

Infrared spectroscopy (IR) Liquid chromatography (HPLC) Hydraulic fluid/solvent

Fuel (JP-4) resistance resistance

Thermal Thermogravimetric analysis

Thermomechanical analysis

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)

Thermal oxidative resistance Thermal expansion (CTE) Thermal cycling Thermal conductivity

(TGA)

(W)

Electrical Dielectric constant Dielectric strength Dissipation factor Volume resistivity Dielectrometry

- Some of these tests are specific to resin, fiber reinforcement, prepreg or laminate. There is no established universal set of qualification test procedures which is widely adopted. See MIL-HDBK-17 for recommended guidelines.

organizations that develop them. It is limited to consensus-type standards and does not include private sector specifications which are generally not available.

B.2 STANDARDS-DEVELOPING ORGANIZATIONS

The two principal organizations which develop test methods for composites in the USA are the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and the Suppliers of Advanced Composite Materials Association (SACMA). The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Polymeric Materials Committee is the organization which pub- lishes Aerospace Material Specifications (AMS) for advanced polymer composites. The Department of Defense (DoD) has also issued

several military specifications and standards for polymer composite materials. Other private sector organizations, such as the Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) and Composite Materials Characterization (CMC), Inc., are involved in the standardization of composite materials and tests in order to reap long-term economic savings.

Japan, Germany, France and UK are also major players in composites technology. The European Association of Aerospace Manufacturers (known as AECMA in Europe) produces European Norm (EN) standards for aerospace composites. Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) serve as a basis for standardization of composites in Japan. Germany has issued DIN standards for composite materials. France has AFNOR standards and the UK has British Standards.

Standards used in USA 1061

Engineering standards for polymer composites also promote international commerce. In the global arena, the International Standardization Organization (ISO) is the body which develops international standards. The ISO/TC 61 Subcommittee (SC) 13 on Composites and Reinforcements Fibers is cur- rently coordinating new standards for glass and carbon fiber composites. USA participa- tion with IS0 not only promotes international commerce but also enhances USA global com- petitiveness in the composites industry.

B.3 STANDARDS USED IN USA

B.3.1 ASTM STANDARDS

The ASTM Committee D30 on High-Modulus Fibers and their Composites develops standard test methods for advanced polymer composites. Table B.2 lists the principal ASTM

standards for determining the physical and mechanical properties of polymer composites. ASTM standards are developed by a consensus process and are widely used. The ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics also has developed standards which may be used for testing plastic resins and reinforced plastics.

8.3.2 SACMAMETHODS

The SACMA has developed recommended test methods for determining the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of composite materials (Table B.3). Although SACMA is not a standards-setting body, it works actively with ASTM, SAE, ISO, DoD, AIA and others towards standardization of composite test methods. SACMA does not regard its SRMs to be ’standards’ in the truest sense because they have not been developed by a consensus process which is typical of standard-developing bodies.

Table B.2 ASTM Standards for advanced polymer composites

ASTM C613 Resin Content of Carbon and Graphite Prepregs by Solvent Extraction ASTM D695 Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics ASTM D790 Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics ASTM D2290 Plastics, Ring or Tubular, Apparent Tensile Strength of, By Split Disk Method ASTM D2344 Apparent Interlaminar Shear Strength of Parallel Fiber Composites by Short-Beam Method ASTM D2734 Void Content of Reinforced Plastics ASTM D3039 Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials ASTM D3171 Fiber Content of Resin-Matrix Composites by Matrix Digestion ASTM D3379 Tensile Strength and Young’s Modulus for High-Modulus Single-Filament Materials ASTM D3410 Compressive Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials with Unsupported Gage Section by Shear

ASTM D3479 Tension-Tension Fatigue of Oriented Fiber, Resin Matrix Composites ASTM D3518 In-Plane Shear Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials by Tensile Test of a +/- 45 D e p e

ASTM D3529 Resin Solids Content of Epoxy-Matrix Prepreg by Matrix Dissolution ASTM D3530 Volatiles Content of Epoxy Matrix Prepreg ASTM D3531 Resin Flow of Carbon Fiber-Epoxy Prepreg ASTM D3532 Gel Time of Carbon Fiber-Epoxy Prepreg ASTM D3544 Reporting Test Methods and Results on High Modulus Fibers ASTM D3800 Density of High-Modulus Fibers ASTM D3878 Standard Terminology of High-Modulus Reinforcing Fibers and their Composites ASTM D4018 Properties of Continuous Filament Carbon and Graphite Tows ASTM D4102 Thermal Oxidative Resistance of Carbon Fibers ASTM D4255 In-plane Shear Properties of Composite Laminates ASTM D5229 Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials ASTM D5300 Measurement of Resin Content and other Related Properties of Polymer Matrix Thermoset Prepreg by

ASTM D.5467 Compressive Properties of Unidirectional Polymer Matrix Composites Using a Sandwich Beam ASTM D5528 Mode I Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites

Loading

Laminate

Combined Mechanical and Ultrasonic Methods


Table B.3 SACMA Recommended methods (SRM)

SRM 1 SRM 2 SRM 3 SRM 4 SRM 5 SRM 6 SRM 7 SRM 8 SRM 9 SRM 10 SRM 11 SRM 12 SRP 1 SRM 13 SRM 14 SRM 15 SRM 16 SRM 17 SRM 18 SRM 19 SRM 20 SRM 21 SRM 22 SRM 23 SRM 24

SRM 25

SRM 26

Compressive Properties of Oriented Fiber-Resin Composites Compression After Impact Properties of Oriented Fiber-Resin Composites Open-Hole Compression Properties of Oriented Fiber-Resin Composites Tensile Properties of Oriented Fiber-Resin Composites Open-Hole Tensile Properties of Oriented Fiber-Resin Composites Compressive Properties of Oriented Cross-Plied Fiber-Resin Composites In-plane Shear Stress-Strain Properties of Oriented Fiber-Resin Composites Short Beam Shear Strength of Oriented Fiber-Resin Composites Tensile Properties of Oriented Cross-Plied Fiber-Resin Composites Fiber Volume, Percent Resin Volume and Calculated Average Cured Ply Thickness of Plied Laminates Environmental Conditioning of Composite Test Laminates Lot Acceptance of Carbon Fibers Printing and Applying Bar Code Labels Determination of Mass Per Unit Length of Carbon Fibers Determination of Sizing Content on Carbon Fibers Determination of Density of Carbon Fibers Tow Tensile Testing of Carbon Fibers Determination of Twist in Carbon Fibers Glass Transition Temperature Determination by DMA of Oriented Fiber-Resin Composites Viscosity Characteristics of Matrix Resins High Performance Liquid Chromatography of Thermoset Resins Fluid Resistance Evaluation of Composite Materials Determining the Resin Flow of Preimpregnated B-Staged Materials Determination of Resin Content and Fiber Areal Weight of Thermoset Prepreg with Destructive Techniques Determination of Resin Content, Fiber Areal Weight and Flow of Thermoset Prepreg by Combined Mechanical and Ultrasonic Methods Heat of Reaction, Onset Temperature and Peak Temperature for Composite System Resins Using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Fiber/Matrix Adhesion of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites

However, SACMA recommended methods (SRMs) are being used as standards by various organizations.

Table B.5 lists military specifications for various fiber reinforcements and composite materials.

The Military Handbook 17 effort is the most - widely r e c o h e d DoD standardization project. The purpose of this handbook is to provide

B.3.3 AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS a SOUTCe of based

The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) is the primary organization in the USA which issues material specifications for polymer composites. Table B.4 lists some typical twice annually to develop this handbook. Aerospace Material Specifications for polymer

ical property data for current and emerging composite materials. The MIL-HDBK-17 gov- ernment/industry coordination group meets

- - composites. In general, the SAE has published specifications for carbon, aramid, glass and B,3.5 NASA STANDARDS

boron fiber composites.

B.3.4 MILITARY SPECIFICATIONS

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has developed five standard tests and a material specification for carbon (graphite) composites. Table B.6 lists

The Department of Defense (DoD) has issued several military specifications for polymer composite materials used in aircraft applications.

the specific tests and the NASA/aircraft industry specification for toughened epoxy composite materials.

Standards used in USA 1063

Table 84 Aerospace material specifications (AMS) for polymer composites

CarbonEpoxy Composites AMS 3892B Fibers, Carbon Tow and Yam, for Structural Composites AMs 3894E Carbon Fiber Tape and Sheet, Epoxy Resin Impregnated AMS 3895B Broadgoods and Tape, Multi-Ply Carbon Fiber/Epoxy, Resin Impregnated, Uniform Fiber

Aramid/Epoxy Composites

AMS 39018 Organic Fiber (Para-Aramid), Yarn and Roving, High Modulus AMS 3902C Cloth, Organic Fiber (Para-Aramid), High Modulus for Structural Composites AMS 3903A Cloth, Organic Fiber (Para-Aramid), High Modulus, Epoxy Resin Impregnated

GlassEpoxy Composites -

AMS 3821B Cloth, Type 'E' Glass, ' B Stage Epoxy-Resin-Impregnated, 7781 Style Fabric, Flame

AMS 3828C Glass Roving, Epoxy-Resin-Impregnated, Type 'E' Glass AMs 3831A Cloth, Type 'E' Glass, ' B Stage Epoxy Resin Impregnated, 7781 Style Fabric, Flame

AMS 3832C Roving, Type '$2' Glass, Epoxy Resin Impregnated AMs 3906B Glass Tape and Flat Sheet, Non-Woven Cloth, Epoxy Resin Impregnated, For Hand and

Resistant

Resistant, Improved Strength

Machine Layup

Boron/Epoxy Composites

AMs 3865C Filaments, Boron, Tungsten Substrate, Continuous AMs 3867I3 Boron Filament Tape, Epoxy-Resin-Impregnated

B.3.6 FAA ADVISORY CIRCULARS (AC)

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has issued Advisory Circulars (AC) to assist commercial aircraft manufacturers in demon- strating compliance with the requirements of the Federal Aviation Regulations in the design and manufacture of composite material structures. Table B.7 lists two Advisory Circulars issued by the FAA. As of this writing, AC 145-6 is a draft document undergoing coordination. AC 145-6 addresses requirements for composite repairs, including materials, processes, and quality control tests.

B.3.7 AEROSPACE INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (AIAI

The Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) plays a lead role in composites standardization. Within the AIA Engineering Standards

Division is the Materials and Structures Committee (AIA/MSC) which is responsible for the coordination and review of proposed specification requirements for materials, processes and structures. To promote standardization AIA has initiated Project 340-1 Standardization of Advanced Composite Materials and has issued two National Aerospace Standards (NAS) for composites manufacturing which are listed in Table B.8.

8.3.8 COMPOSITE MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION, INC. (CMC)

Composite Materials Characterization, Inc. (CMC) is a joint enterprise funded by users of advanced aerospace composite materials. CMC was formed as a result of an Aerospace Industries Association (AM) initiative to promote industry research collaboration. CMC is a Delaware corporation chartered in 1987 to


Table 8.5 Military specifications and standards for polymer composite materials

MIL-Y-1140H MIL-C-8073D

MIL-S-9041B

MIL-C-9084C MIL-P-94OOC

MIL-P-17549D MIL-C-19663D MIL-T-29586 (AS)

MIL-M-43248C MIL-A-46103D MIL-A-46165 (MR) MIL-I-46166 (MR) MIL-P-46169A

MIL-P-46187

MIL-P-46190 MIL-PRF-46197A MIL-R-60346C

MIL-A-62473B MIL-F-64156 MIL-Y-83370A (AF) MIL-Y-83371 (AF) MIL-G-83410 (AF) MIL-R-8712OA (AF) MIL-F-87121A (AF) MIL-Y-87125A (AF) MIL-STD-368 MIL-STD-373 MIL-STD-374 MIL-STD-375 *MIL-STD-2031 (SH)

Yam, Cord, Sleeving, Cloth, and Tape-Glass Core Material, Plastic Honeycomb, Laminated Glass Fabric Base, For Aircraft Structural and Electronic Applications Sandwich Construction, Plastic Resin, Glass Fabric Base, Laminated Facings and Honeycomb Core for Aircraft Structural and Electronic Applications Cloth, Glass, Finished, For Resin Laminates Plastic Laminate and Sandwich Construction Parts and Assembly, Aircraft Structural, Process Specification Requirements Plastic Laminates, Fibrous Glass Reinforced, Marine Structural Cloth, Woven Roving, For Plastic Laminates Thermosetting Polymer Composite, Unidirectional Carbon Fiber Reinforced Prepreg Tape (Widths Up to 60 Inches), General Specification For Mat, Reinforcing Glass Fiber Armor, Lightweight, Ceramic-Faced Composite Armor, Woven Glass Roving Fabrics Plastic Laminates, Glass Reinforced (For Use in Armor Composites) Plastic, Sheet Molding Compound, Polyester, Glass Fiber Reinforced (For General Purpose Applications) Prepreg, Unidirectional Tape, Carbon (Graphite) Fiber Polyimide (PMR-15) Resin Impregnated, 316 C (600 F) Prepreg, Woven Fabric, Carbon Fiber Bismaleimide (BMI) Resin Impregnated Laminate: High-Strength Glass, Fabric-Reinforced, Polyester Resin Preimpregnated Roving, Glass, Fibrous (For Prepreg Tape & Roving, Filament Winding & Pultrusion Applications) Armor: Aluminum-Aramid, Laminate Composite Fabric, Carbon (Graphite) Fiber, Nickel-Coated Yam, Roving, and Cloth, High Modulus, Organic Fiber Yams, Graphite, High Modulus, Continuous Filament Graphite Fiber Resin Impregnated Tape and Sheet, For Hand Layup Rods, Pultruded, Graphite Fiber Reinforced, Processing of Fabric, Graphite Fiber Graphite, 1000/3000 Filaments HPLC of PMR-15 Polyimide Resin and Prepregs Transverse Tensile Properties of Unidirectional Fiber/Resin Composite Cylinders Transverse Compressive Properties of Unidirectional Fiber/Resin Composite Cylinders In-Plane Shear Properties of Unidirectional Fiber/Resin Composite Cylinders Fire and Toxicity Test Methods and Qualification Procedure for Composite Material Systems Used in Hull, Machinery, and Structural Applications Inside Naval Submarines

* Military Standard

Table B.6 NASA Standards for composites

NASA RP 1092: Standards Tests for Toughened Resin Composites, July 1983

NASA RP 1092 defines five standard tests (STs) for graphite/epoxy composite laminates: ST-1: Compression after impact ST-2: Edge delamination ST-3: Open-hole tension ST-4: Open-hole compression ST-5: Hinged double cantilever beam

NASA RP 1142: NASA/ Aircraft Industry Standard Specification for Graphite Fiber Toughened Thermoset Resin Composite Material, June 1985

Non-US Standards in use 1065

Table B.7 FAA Advisory circulars for composites

AC 20-10A Composite Aircraft Structures AC 21-26

AC 145-6

Quality Control for the Manufacture of Composite Structures Repair Stations for Composite and Bonded Aircraft Structure

Table 8.8 National aerospace standards for composites

NAS 990

NAS 999 Non-Destructive Inspection of

Composite Filament Tape Laying Machine - Numerically Controlled

Advanced Composite Structures

conduct research and development on emerging composite materials including characterization, screening, fabrication, and inspection of materials or structures made from the materials.

The primary focus of CMC is on screening testing of emerging composite materials. The CMC effort generates a standardized database of consistent properties for advanced composite materials which can be shared between member companies (Table B.9). CMC subcon- tracts to third parties the material procurement, test specimen fabrication, inspection, test, data analysis, and documentation of results. All tests and data are conducted in accordance with CMC-approved procedures to produce a consistent and standardized database necessary for comparative assessment of material properties. Physical and mechanical properties testing is performed, including lam- ina and laminate evaluations under tensile,

Table B.9 CMC Member companies

Dow Chemical General Electric Northrop Grumman Lockheed Martin UTC /Sikorsky Loral Vought Rohr Industries

compressive, and shear loadings at selective hygrothermal test conditions. CMC also works with other national organizations to promote composites standardization.

B.4 NON-US STANDARDS IN USE

B.4.1 AECMA STANDARDS

The European Association of Aerospace Manufacturers (known as AECMA in Europe) is developing various standards for carbon fiber composites for aerospace applications. Table B.10 lists proposed European Norm (EN) standards for determining the physical and mechanical properties of carbon fibers and their composites.

B.4.2 JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS (JIS)

Standardization efforts in Japan are managed by the Standards Department under the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI). The Japanese Standards Association is in charge of publishing Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS). Table B. l l lists Japanese standards for carbon fibers and their composites.

B.4.3 GERMAN (DIN) STANDARDS

German aerospace specifications for carbon, aramid, and glass fiber polymer composites are listed in Table B.12. The DIN specifications and standards are published by the German Institute for Standardization, which is the ’Deutsches Institut fur Normung’ (DIN) in German.

B.4.4 INTERNATIONAL (ISO) STANDARDS

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Technical Committee 61 on Plastics, Subcommittee 13 on Composites and Reinforcement Fibers is the body which is developing international standards for polymer composites. The USA is represented at international meetings through the American


Table B.10 AECMA Standards for carbon fibers and their composites

AECMA prEN2557

AECMA prEN2558

AECMA prEN2559

AECMA prEN2560

AECMA prEN2561

AECMA prEN2562 AECMA prEN2563

AECMA prEN2564

Carbon Fibre Preimpregnates, Test Method for the Determination of Mass Per Unit Area Carbon Fibre Preimpregnates, Test Method for the Determination of the Percentage of Volatile Matter Carbon Fibre Preimpregnates, Test Method for the Determination of the Resin and Fibre Content and the Mass of Fibre Per Unit Area Carbon Fibre Preimpregnates, Test Method for the Determination of the Resin Flow Unidirectional Laminates Carbon-Thermosetting Resin Tensile Test Parallel to the Fibre Direction Unidirectional Laminates Carbon-Thermosetting Resin Flexural Test Unidirectional Laminates Carbon-Thermosetting Resin Test Method, Determination of Apparent Interlaminar Shear Strength Carbon Fibre Laminates, Test Method for the Determination of the Fibre and Resin Fractions and Porosity Content

Table B . l l Japanese standards for carbon fiber composites

Table B.12 German specifications for polymer composites

JIS R 7601 JIS R 7602

JIS K 7071

JIS K 7073

Testing Methods for Carbon Fibers Testing Methods for Carbon Woven Fabrics Testing Methods for Prepreg, Carbon Fiber and Epoxy Resins Testing Method for Tensile Properties of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics Testing Methods for Flexural Properties of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics

JIS K 7074

National Standards Institute (ANSI). Table 8.13 lists draft and published (ISO) standards for composites.

B.5 PROPRIETARY SPECIFICATIONS

This appendix does not include the many composite material and process specifications which have been developed and are used by individual private sector companies (i.e. primes, fabricators and suppliers). Most, if not all, of the companies which either produce or use composites have some proprietary specifications for composite materials and processes. It is known that proprietary specifications con-

DIN 29965 Aerospace; Carbon Fibres, High Performance Carbon Fibre Filament Yams, Technical Specification

DIN 29971 Aerospace; Unidirectional Carbon Fibre-Epoxy Sheet and Tape Prepreg, Technical Specification

Preimpregnated Filament Glass Cloth for E-Glass (Prepreg), Technical Specification

DIN 65426 Aerospace; Aromatic Polyamide Part 1: (Aramid) - Preimpregnated Woven

Fabric, High-Modulus Filament Yam (Prepreg); Dimensions, Masses

(Aramid) - Woven Filament Fabric Prepreg from High-Modulus Filament Yam and Epoxy Resin, Technical Specification

DIN 65090 Aerospace; Textile Glass,

DIN 65426 Aerospace; Aromatic Polyamide Part 2

stitute a substantial data base which cannot be included herein. Please note that this appendix addresses only polymer matrix composites. Specifications and standards for other types of composite materials (MMC, CMC, and C/C) are still in early stages of development and may be either subject to export control or proprietary.

Proprietary spec$cations 1067

Table 813 International (ISO) standards for polymer composites

CD 1268

CD 3341

CD 3374

CD 4605

CD 14127 with Carbon Fiber

CD 15024 Polymer

CD 15034

CD 15040

CD 15310

DIS 3374

DIS 5025

DIS 14126

Fiber Reinforced Plastics - Test Plates Manufacturing Methods -Part 1 - General Conditions

Textile Glass - Yams - Determination of Breaking Force and Breaking Elongation

Textile Glass - Mats - Determination of Mass Per Unit Area

Reinforced Products - Woven Fabrics - Determination of Mass Per Unit Area

Composites - Determination of Resin, Fiber and Void Content for Composites Reinforced

Determination of Mode I Delamination Resistance of Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Laminate Using the Double Cantilever Beam Specimin

Plastics - Prepregs - Resin Flow

Plastics - Prepregs - Gel Time

Reinforced Plastics - Determination of In-Plane Shear Modulus by Plate Twist Method

Reinforcement Products - Mats and Fabrics - Determination of Mass Per Unit Area

Textile Glass - Woven Fabrics - Determination of Width and Length

Fiber Reinforced Plastic Composites - Determination of Compressive Properties in the In- Plane Direction

FDIS 1889 Reinforcement Yarns - Determination of Linear Density

FDIS 1890 Reinforcement Yarns - Determination of Twist

FDIS 3344 Reinforcement Product - Determination of Moisture Content

FDIS 12114 Fiber-reinforced Plastics - Thermosetting Moulding Compounds and Prepregs - Determination of Cure Characteristics

FDIS 11667 Fiber-Reinforced Plastics - Moulding Compounds and Prepregs - Determination of Resin, Reinforced Fiber and Mineral Filler Content - Dissolution Methods

FDIS 12115 Fiber-Reinforced Plastics - Thermosetting Moulding Compounds and Prepregs - Determination of Flowability, Maturation and Shelf Life

IS0 2559 Textile Glass - Mats (made from Chopped or Continuous Strands) Basis for a Specification

IS0 3605 Textile Glass - Rovings - Determination of Compressive Properties of Rod Composites

IS0 8515 Textile Glass - Reinforced Plastics - Determination of Compressive Properties in the Direction Parallel to the Plane of Lamination

IS0 10119 Carbon Fiber - Determination of Density

IS0 10120 Carbon Fiber - Determination of Linear Density

CD - Committee Draft DIS - Draft International Standard JDIS - Final Draft International Standard

1068

REFERENCES

Specifications and standards f o r polymer composites

11. Documentation from Mr. Cecil W. Scheider,

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

National Advanced Composites Strategic Plan, National Center for Advanced Technologies, September 1991. Traceski, Frank T., Specifcations and Standards for Plastics and Composites, ASM International (Materials Park, Ohio), August 1990. Test Standards and Engineering Databases for Advanced Composites, Draft Position Paper by Aerospace Industries Association, January 1992. Advanced Composites Standardization, “White Paper,” Prepared by the Committee for Standardization of Advanced Composite Materials, 4 November 1992. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 15.03, American Society for Testing and Materials (Philadelphia, PA), 1991. S A C M A Recommended Methods, Suppliers of Advanced Composite Materials Association, (Arlington, VA), 1997. SA E A M S Index, Aerospace Material Specifications, Society of Automotive Engineers (Warrendale,

President of Composite Materials Characterization, Inc., 28 October 1991.

12. ISO/TC61/SC13/WG14 Letter Correspondence from Mr. Junichi Matsui, Toray Industries (Composite Materials Research Laboratories; Japan), 5 August 1992.

13. ISO/TC61/SC13 Report to ASTM D20.61, Gary Williams, July 1997.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The following individuals reviewed and com- mented on this paper and are acknowledged for their constructive comments: Mr. Jerome Persh (retired), formerly Office of the Director of Defense Research and Engineering; Dr. Gary L. Hagnauer, US Army Research Laboratory (ARL), Materials Directorate; Mr. Gary Hansen, formerly Hercules Advanced Materials & Systems Company; Mr. Jerome R. * -

PA), July 1996.

Standards (DoDISS), 1 January 1997.

Jaeb, Chief Engineer, Structures Technology,

Dastin (retired), formerly Director, Advanced ’ Department of Defense Index Of Specifications and Boeing Defense & Space Group; Mr. Samuel J.

Materials, Grumman Aircraft Systems. 9. Military Handbook 17, Polymer Matrix

Composites, Draft Volumes 1, 2 & 3, US Department of Defense, 17 June 1991.

10. Communication with Mr. Joseph R. Soderquist, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 4 September 1997.

40207_appb

Documents