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PrefaceThe Textbook Society, Karnataka has been engaged in producing new

textbooks according to the new syllabi which in turn are designed on NCF – 2005since June 2010. Textbooks are prepared in 12 languages; seven of them serve asthe media of instruction. From standard 1 to 4 there is the EVS, mathematics and5th to 10th there are three core subjects namely mathematics, science and socialscience.NCF – 2005 has a number of special features and they are:

• connecting knowledge to life activities• learning to shift from rote methods• enriching the curriculum beyond textbooks• learning experiences for the construction of knowledge• making examinations flexible and integrating them with classroom

experiences• caring concerns within the democratic policy of the country• making education relevant to the present and future needs.• softening the subject boundaries- integrated knowledge and the joy of

learning.• the child is the constructor of knowledgeThe new books are produced based on three fundamental approaches namely.Constructive approach, Spiral Approach and Integrated approach. The learner

is encouraged to think, engage in activities, master skills and competencies. Thematerials presented in these books are integrated with values. The new books arenot examination oriented in their nature. On the other hand they help the learnerin the all round development of his/her personality, thus help him/her become ahealthy member of a healthy society and a productive citizen of this great country,India.

The most important objectives of teaching language are listening, speaking,reading, writing and reference work. These skills have been given a lot of importancein all the language textbooks. Along with the inculcation of these skills,fundamental grammar, opportunities for learners to appreciate beauty and imbibeuniversal life values have been integrated in language textbooks. When learnersmaster these competencies, they would stop studying textbooks for the sake ofpassing examinations. In order to help learners master these competencies, anumber of paired and group activities, assignments and project work have beenincluded in the textbooks. It is expected that these activities would help learnermaster communicative skills. Ultimately, it is expected that students master theart of learning to learn and make use of these competencies in real life.

The Textbook Society expresses grateful thanks to the chairpersons, writers,scrutinisers, artists, staff of DIETs and CTEs and the members of the EditorialBoard and printers in helping the Text Book Society in producing these textbooks.A few works of some writers and poets have been included in these textbooks.The textbook society is extremely grateful to them for giving their consent for theinclusion of these pieces in the textbooks.

Nagendra KumarManaging Director

Karnataka Textbook Society®Bengaluru, Karnataka

Prof. G. S. MudambadithayaCoordinator

Curriculum Revision andTextbook Preparation

Karnataka Textbook Society®Bengaluru, Karnataka

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Text Book CommitteeChairman :1) Sri.C.Ramamoorthy, Retired Teacher No.16, Arup nivas,4th Cross, S.R Layout Murugesh palya, Bengaluru-17

Members :1. Smt. Vijayalakshmi.R A.M. BBMP Girls High School.

Halasuru Bengaluru-8

2. Smt. Kulsumbi, A.M. BBMP Boys High School. JogupalyaBengaluru-8

3. Smt. Jyothi.G, A.M. Govt. Tamil Higher Pry-SchoolShanthinagar. Bengaluru-88

4. Smt. Irudaya Mary, A.M. Govt. Tamil Hr-Pry-SchoolMurphy town Halasuru. Bengaluru-8

5. Sri. Subramanian, Artist. Chaitrakala arts Private LtdIndiranagar. Bengaluru -37

Scrutinizer :

Sri. Dr. R. Srinivasan, Retired Professor. No.3668, 8th Cross,

H.A.L II Stage, 13 ‘D’ Main Indira nagar, Bengaluru-8.

Chief Co-ordinator :

Prof. G.S. Mudambadithaya, Curriculum Revision and TextPreparation, K.T.B.S., Bengaluru.

Chief Advisers :

Sri Nagendra Kumar, Managing Director, K.T.B.S., Bengaluru.

Smt C. Nagamani, Deputy Director, K.T.B.S., Bengaluru.

Programme Co-ordinator:

Smt. Chandrakal., A.D.P.I., K.T.B.S., Bengaluru.

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PÀ£ÁðlPÀ ¥ÀoÀå¥ÀÄ ÀÛPÀ ÀAWÀ (j)

ÉAUÀ¼ÀÆgÀÄ-85

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¥ÀoÀå¥ÀÄ ÀÛPÀUÀ¼À ¥ÀjµÀÌgÀt À«ÄwUÀ¼À «ªÀgÀÀ

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¥ÉÆæ. §gÀUÀÆgÀÄ gÁªÀÄZÀAzÀæ¥Àà. gÁdå ¥ÀoÀå¥ÀÄ ÀÛPÀ À«Äw, PÀ£ÁðlPÀ ¥ÀoÀå¥ÀÄ ÀÛPÀ ÀAWÀ(j) ÉAUÀ¼ÀÆgÀÄ-85

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qÁ. ÀÄzsÁPÀgÀ, ¤ªÀÈvÀÛ vÀ«Ä¼ÀÄ ¥ÁæzsÁå¥ÀPÀgÀÄ, ¥ÀæxÀªÀÄzÀeÉð PÁ ÉÃdÄ, GjUÁA, PÉ.f.J¥sï.

ÀzÀ ÀågÀÄ

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²æÃ. ¨Á§Ä, SVCK ¥ËæqsÀ±Á É, 2£ÉÃ ªÀÄÄRågÀ ÉÛ, vÁåUÀgÁd £ÀUÀgÀ, ÉAUÀ¼ÀÆgÀÄ.

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À®ºÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀiÁUÀðzÀ±Àð£À:

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ÉAUÀ¼ÀÆgÀÄ.

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®ı >ÁÈ©A √¬ÔD1. ÛˆB[ 1

2. ÂV‚| kVμ›m 3

3. º>EB¬ÿÔVΩ (>[ k´ÈVÆ) 11

4. J¬ÁÔ› #¬˛B ÔV¬ÁÔ (√V¶_) 22

5. ÔΩ>D 28

6. WÈs_ \VÕ>Ï (√V¶_) 37

7. Â\m \VWÈD ÔÚÂV¶ÔD 39

8. ÿ«È[ ÿÔ_ÈÏ 47

9. ÷´ı| ØÁ™¬ z‚ΩÔ^ (√V¶_)- 55

10. cÁw©º√ cBÏ° (ÂV¶ÔD-) 61

11. kV˚Ï] 78

12. ]ˆ√]B ]ˆs¬´\[ ‘ƒÏk¬QÏ’ 81

13. ∑uÆ©A≈© √VmÔV©A (√V¶_) 87

14. ÂV[z ºÔVΩ (ÂV¶ÔD) 91

15. y´V> sÁ·BV‚|©∏^Á· -Ôı[ (√V¶_) 101

16. \ÔV›\V ÔVÕ] (√V¶_) 106

17. Ô¶_ (cÁ´BV¶_) 110

18. ºƒk_ Ì°m (√V¶_) 116

19. √^π gı| swV (√V¶_) 122

20. s≈z ÿk‚Ω•D k™ º>kÁ>•D 126

21. k™ sÈ∫zÔÁ·¬ ÔV©º√VD 137

22. Â_ka 147

23. zΩB´∑› >ÁÈk´V™ Â_ÈVEˆBÏ 149

24. ]Ú¬z≈^ 157

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1. ÛˆB[

gl´D Ô´∫Ô^ ¿‚Ω

∂Á¬˛[≈ >VºB º√Vu§ !

∂Ú^ ÿ√V∫zD xÔ›Á>¬ ÔV‚Ω

÷Ú^ ¿¬ÔD >Õ>VF º√Vu§ !

>Vl–D √ˆÕm ƒVÈfl

ƒÔÈÁ´ ∂Á©√VF º√Vu§ !

>Áw¬zD Ï clÏdÔ‚ÿÔ_ÈVD

mÁ¬Ô´D ÿÔV|©√VF º√Vu§ !

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#BkÏ ÷>BD º√VÈ

mÈ∫˛|D ŒπºB º√Vu§ !

#´›º> ÿÂÚ©Á√ Ák›mfl

ƒV´›Á>› >ÚkVF º√Vu§ !

QVlº≈ ! ÂÈº\ º√Vu§ !ÂVBÔ[ kΩºk º√Vu§ !

ÂVMÈD c·ÂV^ \‚|Dº√VuÆºkVD º√Vu§ ! º√Vu§ !

- ÔsB´∑ Ôı>Vƒ[

>tμ ÿ\Va kVμ›m

kVμÔ W´Õ>´D kVμÔ >tμÿ\Va

kVaB kVaBºk !

kV™ \·Õ> >Á™›mD ∂·Õ]|D

kıÿ\Va kVaBºk !

∞μÔ¶_ Ák©∏–Õ >[\D TE

÷Áƒ ÿÔVı| kVaBºk !

ÛμÔo ¿∫Ô› >tμ ÿ\Va ∫Ô›

mÈ∫zÔ ÁkBÔº\ !

kVμÔ >tμÿ\Va ! kVμÔ >tμÿ\Va !

kVμÔ >tμÿ\VaºB !

- \ÔVÔs ∑©∏´\ËB √V´]BVÏ

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2. ÂV‚| kVμ›m

Ô[™¶ ÂV|.

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>∫ÔD sÁ·•D Øt

®∫Ô^ Ô[™¶ Øt.

ƒÕ>™D Ô\øD ÂV|

ÂÕ> k™∫Ôπ[ ÂV|

ÔVºkˆ gÆ √V•D

ÔV‚Ω_ BVÁ™Ô^ º\•D

ƒVxıΩ ƒ¬] º\°D.

>k≈V> √¬] kVøD

>∫ÔD sÁ·•D Øt

®∫Ô^ Ô[™¶ Øt.

√VΩ \˛μÔ :--

ÔÁÈ\Ô^ k¬ÔD

ÿk^Á·› >V\Á´ *]MºÈ

s·∫zD >VºB! k∫z˛º≈[

Ô^·D Ô√¶D ÷_ÈV\_

ÔuÆ Â[Á\ AˆÕ]¶°D

c^”D A≈xD #FÁ\•¶[

cÈ˛_ kVμÕº> cBÏÕ]¶°D

∂^π ∂^π¬ ÔÁÈÔÁ·ºB

∂π©√VF, ∂§Ák k·Ï©√VºB !

- zwÕÁ>¬ ÔsQÏ, ∂w k^πB©√V

ÂV|D ÿ\Va•D Â\m ÷Ú ÔıÔ^

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√¶z cÚkV™m

Âı√ÏÔ^ sÁ·BV¶fl ÿƒ[≈™Ï.

>kÁ· \‚|D>ıßˆ_ z]›>m.

\u≈kÏÔÁ·•D ∂Áw›>m.\u≈kÏÔ^ ºBVE›>™Ï !

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g”¬z ŒÚ ÿ√VÚ^ÿÔVı| kÕ>™Ï.

EÆ √¶z ÿƒF>™Ï.

√¶˛_\QμflEBVÔfl

ÿƒ[≈™Ï.

√¶∫Ôπ[ ˇμ c^· ÿ>V¶ÏÔÁ·¬ Ì§ zwÕÁ>ÔÁ·]ÚD√¬ Ì≈fl ÿƒFÔ. √∫ºÔuÆ ÂΩ›m¬ ÔV‚¶fl ÿƒFÔ.

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£hzøu¨ £õºzx Pøu ö\õÀ»Ä®.

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£hzøu¨ £õºzx Pøu ö\õÀ»Ä®.

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gÆ s›]BVƒ∫Ô^ Ôı|∏Ω¬Ô°D.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

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3. º>EB¬ ÿÔVΩ(>[ k´ÈVÆ Ì≈_)

ŒÀÿkVÚ ÂV‚|¬zD ŒÀÿkVÚ ÿÔVΩ cı|. ∂mºk∂ÕÂV‚Ω[ ÿ√ÚÁ\¬zD, ŒuÆÁ\¬zD, cˆÁ\¬zD,Â_kVμsuzD cˆB ∂Á¶BV·\VzD. Â\m ÷Õ]BÂV‚Ω[ º>EB¬ ÿÔVΩ >[Á™© √u§ ÌÆkÁ>¬ºÔ”∫Ô^.

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®[ º>Vu≈D :

>Vl[ \Ë¬ÿÔVΩ √VZÏ - ∂Á>›>VμÕm √ËÕm k∫˛¶ kVZÏ

®[Æ √V´]BVÏ √VΩBm ®[Á™© √u§›>V[. ÂV[, ¿^ƒm´ kΩk›]_ ÔVs, ÿkıÁ\, √flÁƒ g˛B J[ÆW≈∫Ô”D, Â|s_ ÷´V‚Á¶•\VÔ ∂Á\Õm ÔV∫˛´¸÷B¬Ô›][ ÿÔVΩBVÔ ÷ÚÕº>[. ÂD ÂV| s|>ÁÈ∂Á¶Õ>mD ÷Ú√›m ÂV[z g´∫Ô”¶[ s·∫zD∂ºƒVÔfl ƒ¬Ô´›Á> Â|s_ ÿÔVı| º>EB¬ ÿÔVΩ ®[≈ÿ√Bˆ_ ÿ√ÚÁ\¬z cˆBk™Vº™[. ®[ ¿·, ∂ÔÈDJ[Æ¬z ÷´ı| ®[≈ s˛>\VzD.

ÔVsW≈D :

®[M¶D J[Æ W≈∫Ô^ c^·™. ∂ku§_, º\ºÈc^·m ÔVsW≈\VzD. √V´> ÂV‚Ω[ s|>ÁÈ¬z› >Dc¶_, ÿ√VÚ^, gs g˛B ∂Á™›Á>•D ∂π›>]BV˛Ôπ[ WÁ™kVÔ¬ ÔVsW≈D s·∫z˛≈m.

ÿkıÁ\ W≈D :

®[ Â|s_ c^· ÿkıÁ\ W≈D √V´> ÂV‚| \¬Ô^#FÁ\•D, kVFÁ\•D, Œø¬ÔxD, \uÆD √ı√V|D,ÿÔVı¶kÏÔ·VÔ s·∫Ô ºkı|D ®[√Á>WÁ™°Æ›mD. ÷∫z ∂Á\Õm^· ¿È W≈ ∂ºƒVÔflƒ¬Ô´D º√VÏ ºkı¶V> ∂≈ÿÂ§l_ g‚E AˆÕ>∂ºƒVÔˆ[ WÁ™Ák ®|›m¬ ÔV‚|˛≈m.

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√flÁƒ W≈D :

ˇºw c^· W≈D √flÁƒ gzD. ÂD ÂV‚ΩK^· ÷BuÁÔk·∫Ô^ ∂Á™›Á>•D z§©√>VÔ ÂV[ √flÁƒ W≈›Á>•Dÿ√uÆ^º·[.

®[Á™© º√VuÆD xÁ≈ :

ÂV[ ÷Õ]B ÂV‚Ω[ clÏ º√V[≈k[. ®[Á™ ®_ÈV÷¶∫ÔπKD √≈¬Ô s¶¬ Ì¶Vm. ∂´∑ ∂KkÈÔ∫Ôπ_\‚|º\ √≈¬Ô s¶ºkı|D. s|>ÁÈÂV^ swV,zΩB´∑ ÂV^ swV g˛B ÂV‚Ôπ_ \‚|D ®[Á™©ÿ√Vm ÷¶∫Ôπ_ √≈¬Ô s¶ºkı|D. ÔVÁÈl_Ô]´k[ c]¬zx[ ®[Á™ ∞u§, \VÁÈl_\Á≈k>uz^ ÷≈¬˛ s¶ºkı|D. ®[Á™¬ÿÔVΩ¬ÔD√›]_ ∞u§, √V´>© A>_kÏÔ^ ®™¬z k¬ÔDÿƒK›mD º√Vm ÂV[ ÿ√ÚÁ\•D Øˆ©AD ∂Á¶˛º≈[.

∂´∑ cBÏ

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ÂV[ EÈ ºÂ´∫Ôπ_ ∂Á´¬ÔD√›]_ √≈©º√[,ÂV‚Ω[ >ÁÈE≈Õ> ÿ√ˆBkÏ ŒÚkÏ \Á≈Õm s‚¶VÏ®[√Á> ∂>[ JÈD ∂§s©º√[. ®™¬z ¿∫Ô^®›>ÁÔB ∂k\ˆBVÁ>ÁB•D ÿƒFB¬ Ì¶Vm.

√V´> ÂV‚Ω[ ÿ√ÚÁ\ÁB cÈz¬z ∂§°Æ›]©√‚ÿ¶Vπ TE©√≈¬zD ®[Á™ \]›m© º√Vu≈ºkı|D. ÿÔVΩ ÔV›> z\´Á™© º√V_ ®[Á™cBÏkVÔ ®ıË¬ ÔV©√m c∫Ô^ Ô¶Á\ gzD. ®™ºk,®[Á™› >zÕ> \ˆBVÁ>•¶[ k∫zTÏÔ^ ®[≈ÂD∏¬ÁÔ•¶[ sÁ¶ÿ√Æ˛º≈[. kVμÔ √V´>D!

∂ÚfiÿƒVuÿ√VÚ^ :

>VμÕm = √ËÕm

s|>ÁÈ = ∑>Õ]´D

kVFÁ\ = cıÁ\

∂≈ÿÂ§l_ = >Ú\ kal_

]BVÔD = >[Á™ ∂Ï©√Ë›>_

Ô]´k[ = ÛˆB[, √ˆ]

∂k#Æ = ∂k\ˆBVÁ>

I. s™V¬Ô”¬z sÁ¶>ÚÔ.

1. ŒÚ ÂV‚Ω[ ∂Á¶BV·\VÔ s·∫zkm ®m ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

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2. \ÔVÔs √V´]BVˆ[ ÿÔVΩÁB© √u§B √V¶_ BVm?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

3. Â\m º>EB¬ ÿÔVΩl[ ∂·° BVm ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

4. Â\m º>EB¬ ÿÔVΩl_ c^· W≈∫Ô^ BVÁk?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

5. ∂ºƒVÔfl ƒ¬Ô´›]_ ®›>Á™ g´∫Ô^ c^·™ ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

6. ÔVs W≈D Â\¬z WÁ™∆‚|km BVm ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

7. ∂ºƒVÔfl ƒ¬Ô´kÏ›]l[ WÁ™Ák¬ ÔV‚|km®m?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

8. √flÁƒ W≈D cÏ›mkm BVm ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

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9. º>EB¬ ÿÔVΩÁB ®©ÿ√Vøÿ>_ÈVD ∂Á´¬

ÔD√›]_ √≈¬Ôs|kVÏÔ^ ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

10. ÂD ∂Á™kˆ[ Ô¶Á\ BVm ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

II. ºÔVΩ‚¶ ÷¶∫ÔÁ· W´©AÔ :

1. Â\m ÿÔVΩl_ ............. .............. ............... W≈∫Ô^

c^·™.

2. ÿkıÁ\ W≈D √V´> ÂV‚|\¬Ôπ[ ........... ..............

............. ÿÔVı¶kÏÔ·VÔ s·∫Ô ºkı|D ®[√Á>

WÁ™°Æ›mD.

3. ∂≈ ÿÂ§l_ g‚E AˆÕ> \[™Ï ..............

4. ÂV[ ÷Õ]B ÂV‚Ω[ ............... º√V[≈k[.

5. ÔVÁÈl_ .............. c]¬zx[ ∞u§, \VÁÈl_

................ ÷≈¬˛ s¶ºkı|D.

III. ∏ˆ›ÿ>ømÔ :

1. ∂ÕÂV‚Ω[

2. ∂ºƒVÔfl ƒ¬Ô´D

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3. ∂≈ÿÂ§l_

4. ÿÔVΩ¬ÔD√›]_

5. ÂD∏¬ÁÔ•¶[

IV. ÿ√VÚ›mÔ

∂ g

1. ÔVs W≈D ∂. ∂Á´¬ÔD√D

2. ÿkıÁ\ W≈D g. 24 g´∫Ô^

3. √flÁƒ W≈D ÷. ]BVÔD

4. >Ú\flƒ¬Ô´D ~ #FÁ\

5. >ÁÈ E≈Õ>ÿ√ˆºBVÏ \Á≈° c. k·Á\

V. ∂§Ô :

1. ∑>Õ]´ ÂVπ_ ÿÔVΩºBuÆºkVD.

2. zΩB´∑ ÂVπ_ ÿÔVΩºBuÆºkVD.

3. Â\m º>EB ˇ>D ¤™ Ô \™.

4. Â\m º>EB sÈ∫z Ao.

5. Â\m º>EB \ÈÏ >V\Á´.

6. Â\m º>EB© √≈Ák \l_.

7. ÿÔVΩl[ ¿· ∂ÔÈD J[Æ¬z ÷´ı| ®[≈s˛>\VzD.

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VI. ®]ÏflÿƒV_ >ÚÔ :

1. ÿ√ÚÁ\ x ....................

2. s|>ÁÈ x ....................

3. ÿkıÁ\ x ....................

4. ÷BuÁÔ x ....................

5. ÔVÁÈl_ x ....................

6. cBÏkVÔ x ....................

VII. s|√‚¶ ®ø›Á> W´©AÔ :

\ Ë ÿÔV Ω ÿk Á\

k ∫ ˛ ¶ √ fl

√V ´ BV Ï s > ÁÈ

VIII. x>_ ®ø›Á> \Vu§ ºkÆ ºkÆ ÿƒVuÔ·V¬zÔ:

ÿkıÁ\

.......................

.......................

.......................

.......................

.......................

.......................

.......................

ÿkı√∑

ÔÚ

Â[

cˆ#F

k·

>[

Á\

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IX. √V¶ÁÈ© √VΩ©√wzÔ :

>Vl[ \Ë¬ÿÔVΩ √VZÏ ∂Á>›

>VμÕm √ËÕm AÔμÕ]¶ kVZÏ !

1. ∫˛ k·ÏÕ>º>VÏ ÔD√D ∂>[

cflEl[ º\_ kÕº> \V>´D ®[º≈

√V∫˛[ ®ø]›]ÔøD ÿƒFB

√‚ÿ¶Vπ TE© √≈Õ>m √VZÏ ! (>Vl[)......

- √V´]BVÏ

EÈ Wt¶ kVμ° ÿÔVı¶ clˆ™D ~ƒ_. ÷>uzklÆD Á¶BVm. ´ cÆ©AD Á¶BVm

√¶s·¬Ô ∂Ô´V]

1. s>V™ ÿƒe>VÔÚÂV¶Ô \VWÈ›][ >ÁÈÂÔ´Dÿ√∫ÔjÚ. ÔÚÂV¶Ô ƒ‚¶ƒÁ√ºBs>V™ ÿƒe>V. tÔ°D ∂wÔV™Ô‚Ω¶D ÷]_ ƒ‚¶\[≈D\uÆD º\ÈÁkÔ^ c^·™.

2. >VÎ \ÔV_cÈ˛[ ∂]ƒB∫Ôπ_Œ[Æ. BxÁ™ Â]¬ÔÁ´l_Ô‚¶©√‚|^·m. ÷>Á™≠V¤«V[ >[ \Á™sxD>V˜[ WÁ™kVÔ¬Ô‚Ω•^·VÏ.

A

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3. ƒVFÕ> ºÔVA´DÁ√ƒV ÂÔ´ ƒVFÕ> ºÔVA´D

÷›>Vo ÂV‚Ω_ c^·m. cÈÔ∂]ƒB∫Ôπ_ Œ[Æ. ÷m ŒÚƒVFÕ> ºÔVA´D øÚÅmkQÓx.

4. «V¬˛÷Õ]BVs[ √wÁ\BV™sÁ·BV‚|Ôπ_ Œ[Æ«V¬˛. CvÀ ÷Õ]BV √È>∫Ô© √>¬Ô∫ÔÁ·© ÿ√uÆ^·m.

5. ®ˆ\ÁÈØtl[ ÿkz gw›]_ c^·ÔuzwDA, Øtl[ ∂ø›>›]™V_tÚmkV™ \ÁÈ© √z]Ôπ_ÿkπkÚD.

6. º¤V¬ ¿ÏTμflEÔÚÂV¶Ô \VWÈ›][ ¥kÿ\V¬ÔV\Vk‚¶›]_ º¤V¬ ¿ÏTμflE•^·m. ÔVı√kÏÔıÔ”¬z sÚÕ>VÔ ∂Á\•D.

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7. ÂV[z xÔD ÿÔVı¶ E∫ÔD÷m ÷Õ]BVs[ º>EBflE[™D.J[Æ E∫Ô∫ÔÁ· \‚|º\ÂD\V_ ÔV xΩ•D. ÷mƒV´ÂV›]_ c^· ∂ºƒVÔÏ¸#∏ÁB øÚÅmkQÓx.

8. \l_Â\m ÂV‚Ω[ º>EB©√≈Ák∂w˛B º>VÁÔÔÁ· cÁ¶Bm.kVM_ º\Ô¬ Ì‚¶∫ÔÁ·¬Ôı¶V_ \˛μflEl_ º>VÁÔsˆ›>V|D.

8. *[ ÿÔV›]© √≈Ák

∂w˛B EÆ√≈Ák *[, >kÁ·,Aø, ØflE. x>oBkuÁ≈cıbD. ÷>[ ∂ÈzEk©√VÔ°D, E≈zÔ ¿È\VÔ°D>ÁÈ, Ôø›m, ÿƒD√ø©AW≈\VÔ°D ÔV©√|D.

9. º\Ô∫Ô^

¿Ï WÁÈÔπ_ c^·¿ÏgsBV˛ º\ºÈ ÿƒ[Æº\Ô\VÔ› º>V[Æ˛≈m. ÷mzπÏÕ> ÔVuÆ√‚¶°¶[\ÁwBVÔ© ÿ√Va˛[≈m.

ÂV|D T|D º√Vu≈ kVμºkVD.

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4. J¬ÁÔ› #¬˛B ÔV¬ÁÔ

ºkÈ[ \Á™s ÔÚ©√Vl;sΩÕ>mD ƒıÁ¶ mk¬˛|kV^.ÔVÈD ®_ÈVD ƒıÁ¶lºÈÔa©√V^ Ôk[ kÚÕ]¶ºk.

ƒıÁ¶ ŒÚÂV^ xu§¶ºkƒ‚ÿ¶™ ºkÈ[ ºÔV√x¶[∂ıÁ¶ loÚÕ> Ô›]l™V_∂Æ›m s‚¶V[ ∂k^J¬ÁÔ.

ÿk‚Ω ®|›> J¬z¶º™sÁ´Õm Ák›]Bˆ¶D ÿƒ[≈V^:Œ‚|© º√V‚|› Á>›]|TÏ,c\¬z© AıËBD ®™flÿƒV[™V^.

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mı|J¬ÁÔ º\Áƒl[ º\_#¬˛ Ák›m Ák›]BÚDmı|› mËBV_ ∂k^xÔ›Á>›mÁ¶›m¬ ÿÔVı| ÷ÚÕ>™º´.

∂ÆÕm >MBVF ÷ÚÕ]‚¶∂Õ> J¬z› mı¶>Á™√≈Õm kÕ> ŒÚ ÔV¬ÁÔ√VFÕm #¬˛fl ÿƒ[≈mºk !

ÁÔÁB› >‚Ω Ák›]BÚDÔ>§© √VÏ›>VÏ: g™VKD,nºBV ! ∞mD √BM_ÁÈ∂È§› mΩ›>V^ ÔÚ©√Vl !

ÔV¬ÁÔ J¬ÁÔ› ][≈mºkV !Ô¶o_ º√V‚| s‚¶mºkV !J¬ÁÔ ÷wÕ> ‘ÛÏ©√™ÁÔ’x¬ÔV Ω‚|› ]ÚD∏™º· !

- zwÕÁ>¬ ÔsQÏ ∂w k^πB©√V

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* ÔÁ>©√V¶ÁÈfl ƒÕ> ÂB›m¶[ >MBVÔ°D zøkVÔ°D√V¶flÿƒFÔ :


ƒıÁ¶ = ƒflƒ´°

xu§¶ºk = ∂]Ôˆ¬Ôºk

sÁ´Õm = ºkÔ\VÔ

Ák›]BÏ = \Ú›mkÏ

∂ÆÕm = ∂Æ√‚|

∂È§ = Ô>§, ∂ø>_

√luE

I. s™V¬Ô”¬z sÁ¶>ÚÔ

1. sΩÕ>mD ºkÈ[ \Á™s ®[™ ÿƒFkV^ ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

2. ºkÈ[ ºÔV√x¶[ ®[™ ÿƒF>V[ ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

3. ÔÚ©√Vl Ák›]Bˆ¶D ®[™ Ì§™V^ ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

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4. J¬ÁÔ ®∫zÁk›>™Ï ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

5. J¬ÁÔ ®m #¬˛flÿƒ[≈m ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

6. ÔV¬ÁÔ J¬ÁÔ ®[™ ÿƒF>m ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................


1. ºkÈ[ \Á™s .................

2. ºkÈ[ ºÔV√x¶[ ................ ∂k^ J¬ÁÔ.

3. Œ‚|© º√V‚|› Á>›]|TÏ ............. AıËBD.

4. √≈Õm kÕ> ŒÚ ................ J¬z› mı¶>Á™#¬˛fl ÿƒ[≈m.

5. J¬ÁÔ ÷wÕ> ................. x¬ÔVΩ‚|›]ÚD∏™º·.

III. ®]ÏflÿƒV_ >ÚÔ :

1. Ôk[ x ....................

2. ∂ıÁ¶ x ....................

3. ÿk‚Ω x ....................

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4. sÁ´Õm x ....................

5. º\_ x ....................

IV. ∏ˆ›ÿ>ømÔ :

1. mk¬˛|kV^ = ...................

2. J¬z¶º™ = ...................

3. Ák›]Bˆ¶D = ...................

4. mı|›mË = ...................

5. ÁÔÁB›>‚Ω = ...................

V. kˆÁƒ© √|›] ®ømÔ :

1. Œ‚|© º√V‚|› Á>›]|TÏ c\¬z© AıËBD®™fl ÿƒV[™V^.

2. J¬z› mıÁ¶ ÔVÔD #¬˛fl ÿƒ[≈m.

3. sÁ´Õm Ák›]Bˆ¶D ÿƒ[≈V^.

4. ºkÈ[ ºÔV√x¶[ ÔÚ©√Vll[ J¬ÁÔ∂Æ›ms‚¶V[.

5. sΩÕ>mD ÔÚ©√Vl ƒıÁ¶ÁB› mk¬˛|kV^.

6. J¬ÁÔ ÷wÕ> ÛÏ©√™ÁÔ x¬ÔVΩ‚|›]ÚD∏™V^.

7. ÔV¬ÁÔ J¬ÁÔ› ][≈mºkV ! Ô¶o_ º√V‚|s‚¶mºkV!

yÁ\ ÿƒF>kÏ¬zD Â[Á\ ÿƒF.

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Â_ÿÈVø¬Ô∫Ô^

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5. ÔΩ>D

(cD ªˆ_ Â¶¬zD ]ÚswVÁk¬ Ôı| Ôπ¬Ô kÚ\VÆÂı√–¬z ∂Áw©A¬ ÔΩ>D ®ø>°D)

25 m∫ÁÔ ∂Á,02.02.2011.

∂[A Âı√V,

k¬ÔD, ÿƒ[≈ \V>D c™m ªˆ_ ÂÁ¶ÿ√u≈\VˆBD\[ ]ÚswVs_ ÂV–D ®™m Âı√ÏÔ”¶[ÔÈÕm ÿÔVıº¶[. ∂º> º√V_ ®[–Á¶B ªˆ_ ∂|›>kV´D ÂÁ¶ÿ√≈ c^· «D∏ cuƒk›Á>¬ Ôı|Ôπ›m\˛w ºkı|D ®[Æ sÚDA˛º≈[.

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«D∏ ∂Á™kÚD º√VuÆD ®[ÆD \≈¬Ô xΩBV>k´ÈVÆ √Á¶›> Ï ªÏ. ŒÀÿkVÚ gı|D ÂkD√Ï]∫Ôπ_ «D∏ cuƒkD ÿÔVı¶V¶©√|˛≈m. ÷m Øt›>Vl[ \Ωl_ ∏≈Õm k·ÏÕ> \Vÿ√ÚD ÂVÔZÔ ÂÔ´D.C[SÒÍ m∫Ô√›]´V Â] Ôu√VÁ≈Ô^, ÔV|Ô^, º\|Ô^,\uÆD ∑u§KD \ÁÈÔ^ ªº¶ ÿk^π¬ ÿÔVΩ º√V[ÆkÁ·Õm ÿÂπÕm |D. ÷›m∫Ô√›]´V >VF >[ ÷MB¿´V_ \ıÁ•D, \¬ÔÁ·•D zπ´flÿƒFm k·∫ÿÔVa¬Ôfl ÿƒF˛≈V^.

÷ÕÂÔˆ_ ®∫z ºÂV¬˛–D ºÔVl_Ô^, ºÔVA´∫Ô^.ƒ\Bfl E[™∫Ôπ[ ÔV‚EÔ^ ÿ>[√|˛≈m.

∂Á™›m¬zD EÔ´D Ák›>Vu º√V[Æ ∂Á\Õm^·sÚ√V‚ƒÏ gÈBD, Ôıb¬z sÚÕ>π¬zD. √È±u≈Vı|Ô^ AÔø¶–D, º\[Á\•¶–D s·∫˛Bs¤BÂÔ´D, √VtM ∑_>V[Ôπ[ √Á¶ÿB|©√V_Eu√∫Ô^, ºÔVl_Ô^, \uÆD \ı¶√∫Ô^ cÚ¬zÁÈÕm,EÁ>Õm ÔV©√|˛[≈™.

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EÁ>Õ>, cÚ¬zÁÈÕ> Eu√∫ÔÁ· Á\B∂´∑ ÊÏÿƒFmkÚ˛≈m. √ÁwB WÁÈÁ\ E§mD \V≈V\_Am©∏›m¬ ÿÔVı| kÚ˛[≈m. ÷∫z cuƒk ÔVÈ›]_√_ºkÆ ÷¶∫Ôπ_ º\Á¶Ô^ ∂Á\¬Ô©√‚| Œπ,ŒoÔV‚EÔ^, Â¶™D, ƒ∫ˇ>D, ˛´VtB¬ÔÁÈÔ^ EÈD√V‚¶D, \uÆD √_ºkÆ WÔμflEÔ^ ÂÁ¶ÿ√Æ˛[≈™.

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÷>Á™¬ ÔV Ôı ºÔVΩ ºkı|D. gÔºk, Âı√V, ¿>k≈V\_ ÿ«Vƒ©º√‚Á¶¬z Âı√ÏÔ”¶[ kÕm÷ÕWÔμflEÔπ_ ÔÈÕm ÿÔVı| ÷[A≈ºkı|D ®[ÆsÚDA˛º≈[. c¶º™ √]_ ÔΩ>D ®ø> ºkı|˛º≈[.

ÿ√ÆÂÏ c[ ∂[A^· Âı√[,k. ®›]´V¤[, (JÏ›])

®ı. 2, ÔD√Ï ÿ>Ú,

g]B©√[ A#Ï,

ÔV‚√VΩ k‚¶D,

ºkŸÏ \Vk‚¶D.

I. √Ω›>§Ô :

1. m∫Ô√›]´V Â] Ôu√VÁ≈Ô , ÔV|Ô , º\|Ô , \uÆD∑u§KD \ÁÈÔ ªº¶ kÁ·Õm ÿÂπÕm |D.

2. >[ ÷MB ¿´V_ \ıÁ•D \¬ÔÁ·•D zπ´flÿƒFm k·∫ÿÔVa¬Ôfl ÿƒF˛≈V^.

3. ®∫z ºÂV¬˛–D ºÔVl_Ô^, ºÔVA´∫Ô^ ƒ\BflE[™∫Ô^ WÁ≈Õ> ÂÔ´D.

4. sÚ√V‚ƒÏ gÈBD Ôıb¬z sÚÕ>π¬zD.

5. √VtM ∑_>V[Ôπ[ √Á¶ÿB|©√V_ Eu√∫Ô^ºÔVl_Ô^, \ı¶√∫Ô^ cÚ¬ zÁÈÕm, EÁ>ÕmÔV© √|˛[≈™.

6. Á\B∂´∑ EÁ>Õ>, cÚ¬zÁÈÕ> Eu√∫ÔÁ·,√ÁwB WÁÈÁ\ E§mD \V≈V\_ Am©∏›m¬ÿÔVı| kÚ˛≈m.

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7. cuƒk ÔVÈ›]_ √_ºkÆ ÷¶∫Ôπ_ º\Á¶Ô^

∂Á\¬Ô©√‚| Œπ, Œo¬ ÔV‚EÔ^ Â¶™D,

ƒ∫ˇ>D, ˛´VtB¬ ÔÁÈÔ^ EÈD√V‚¶D \uÆD

√_ºkÆ WÔμflEÔ^ ÂÁ¶ÿ√Æ˛[≈™.

II. s™V¬Ô”¬z sÁ¶ ∂π¬Ô°D :

1. \VˆBD\[ ]ÚswVs_ BVÏ BVÏ ÔÈÕmÿÔVı¶™Ï ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

2. k´ÈVÆ √Á¶›> ªÏ ®m ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

3. ŒÀÿkVÚ gı|D «D∏ cuƒkD ®D\V>›]_

ÂÁ¶ ÿ√ÆD ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

4. m∫Ô√›]´V Â] ®ÀkVÆ |˛≈m ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

5. «D∏l_ ®[ÿ™[™ ÔV‚EÔÁ·¬ ÔVÈVD ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

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6. Á\B ∂´∑ ®>Á™fl ÊÏ ÿƒFm kÚ˛≈m ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

III. ºÔVΩ‚¶ ÷¶∫ÔÁ· W´©AÔ :

1. «D∏ cuƒkD ............. \V>›]_ ÂÁ¶ÿ√ÆD.

2. m∫Ô√›]´V Â] ÿk^π¬ ÿÔVΩº√V[Æ .......................... |D .

3. ®∫z ºÂV¬˛–D .............. ............. ƒ\Bfl E[™∫Ô^WÁ≈Õ> ÂÔ´D.

4. ............... gÈBD Ôıb¬z sÚÕ>π¬zD.

5. cuƒkÔVÈ›]_ º\Á¶Ô^ ∂Á\¬Ô©√‚| .......................... ÔV‚EÔ^ Â¶›>©√|˛[≈™.


1. \VˆBD\[

2. ÿk^π¬ÿÔVΩ

3. zπ´fl ÿƒFm

4. √Á¶ÿB|©√V_.

5. cÚ¬zÁÈÕm

V. ®]ÏflÿƒV_ >ÚÔ :

1. \˛w x ....................

2. sÚDA x ....................

3. zπÏ x ....................

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4. AÔμ x ....................

5. E§mD x ....................

IV. ºÔVΩ‚¶ ÷¶∫Ôπ_ ÿ√VÚ›>\V™ ÿƒVuÔÁ·›º>ÏÕÿ>|›m ®ømÔ.

∂[A^· ∂©√V ∂kÏÔ”¬z.

.................. ∂D\V ............... ÷Ú¬˛≈VÏÔ·V ?®[–Á¶B ∂[√V™ .................. ∂kÏÔ”¬zflÿƒV_K∫Ô^. ®™¬z ¿∫Ô^ ∂|›>xÁ≈ ÷∫z kÚDº√Vm√V´]BVÏ ÔsÁ>Ô^ A›>ÔD ÿÔVı| kVÚ∫Ô^. ®™¬zƒÕ]´[ ÿ√V∫Ô_ kVμ›m ∂–©∏ ÷ÚÕ>V[. ∂k–¬zÂV[ ................. ÿ>ˆs›>>VÔ¬ ÌÆ∫Ô^. >V›>V, √V‚Ω,\V\V ∂›Á> ∂Á™kÚ¬zD ®[ ................ k¬Ô›Á>›ÿ>ˆs›m¬ ÿÔV^˛º≈[.

ÂV^ : c∫Ô^ ...............,

xM´VÎ.

(√ËkV™, k¬ÔD, k¬Ô›Á>, ÂÈ\VÔ, >B° ÿƒFm,Â[§, ∂[A^·)

ÿ√VÚ›>\V™ ÿƒVuÔÁ·› º>ÏÕÿ>|›m c∫Ô^kz©A gEˆBÚ¬z s|xÁ≈ sı©√D ®ømÔ :

∂–©AÂÏ : ................................,

................................,

................................,

................................

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ÿ√ÆÂÏ : ................................,

................................,

................................,

................................

nBV, ®™¬z¬ .................. ÷Ú©√>V_ ...................... k´÷BÈs_ÁÈ, ®™ºk ÷[Æ ŒÚÂV^ .................... s|©A.................. ºkı|˛º≈[.

÷¶D : .................... >∫Ô^ √Ë°^·.

ÂV^ : ...................... ...........................

(kw∫zD√Ω, √^π¬z, \‚|D, ÔVFflƒÈVÔ)

ªº´V| Œ›mkVμ.

kıD y‚|Ô

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T|Ôπ[ kÁÔÔ^

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6. WÈs_ \VÕ>Ï

\VÕ>Ï JkÏ √≈Õ>™Ï ;kV™D ºÂV¬˛fl ÿƒ[≈™Ï.

ÔVÕ>© √´©Á√¬ Ô¶Õ>™Ï ;Ôs[ WÈs_ z]›>™Ï !

sB©A ! sB©A !! sB©√¶V !!!ÿkıËÈVs[ ÔÁ>B¶V !

∂BÏsÈV>xBuEÔ^ !∂§° Ôı¶ ÿku§Ô^.

\¬Ô^ kVøD cÈÔD º√V_,\u≈ cÈÔD º>Ω™Ï !

>¬Ô kVÆ WÈsÁ™›>Vs¬ Ôı| *ı¶™Ï.

\Vÿ™V[ §Ú¬zD ÔV‚Eº√V_\¬Ô^ √VÏ›> WÈsºÈ

gÁ™ søÕ>√^·D º√V_∂Ô[≈ zaÔ^ Ôı¶™Ï !

z]›m Â¶Õm ÿƒ[≈™Ï ;zMÕm WtÏÕm √VÏ›>™Ï;

A]B >Á´l_ cÈs™Ï;AÁÔ© √¶∫Ô^ ∏Ω›>™Ï.

ÔVu§ÈV> Á√Ôπ_Ô_KD \ıbD W´©∏™Ï.

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ºkuº≈VÏ cÈÔ› >Á´lºÈÿku§¬ ÿÔVΩÁB ÂV‚Ω™Ï.

WÈ°› >Á´l_ W[Æ, ÂVDWuzD cÈÁÔ© √VÏ›>™Ï !

zÈ°D ∂wÁÔfl ∑Ák›>™Ï !ºÔVΩ sı*[ Ôı¶™Ï !

√V‚¶[ ÔVÈ WÈ°>V[ !√V‚Ω ÿƒV[™ ÔÁ>Ô^>VD !

T‚| kVlu √ΩlºÈÿkπflƒD >Õ> WÈ°>V[ !

ÔVuÆD ¿ÚD ∂∫˛ÁÈ !Ô¶KD \ÁÈ•D ∂∫˛ÁÈ

¨uÁ≈© A_KD ∂∫˛ÁÈ !∏Áw¬zD clÚD ∂∫˛ÁÈ.

kVM_ √≈Õ> JkÚDkÕm Ô¶o_ z]›>™Ï !

ÂV–D ¿•D ÷Ú¬˛º≈VD;ÂV‚|¬ ÿÔ[™ ÿƒF˛º≈VD?

- ÿ√ÚfiE›]´™VÏÂÆÕÿ>VÁÔ.

ÔuÁÔ Â[º≈ ÔuÁÔ Â[º≈∏flÁƒ A˛–D ÔuÁÔ Â[º≈.

∏≈ˆ¶D ∏flÁƒ ®|›m clÏ kVμÕ>VKD Ô_sÔu√Á> ŒÚ ÂV”D s‚| s¶Vº>.

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7. Â\m \VWÈD - ÔÚÂV¶ÔD

ÔÚÂV¶ÔD Â\m \VWÈD. ÷m ÷Õ]BVs[ ÿ>[√z]l_ ÷Ú¬˛≈m. >tμÂV|, gÕ]´D, \ÔV´V‚Ω´D,ºÔVkV, \uÆD ºÔ´·D g˛BÁk ÂD ∂ıÁ¶ \VWÈ∫Ô^.

Â\m \VWÈ›][ º\u˛_ ∂´∏¬Ô¶_ ÷Ú¬˛≈m.ÿ√∫Ô”Ï ÂD \VWÈ›][ >ÁÈ ÂÔ´D. ÷>Á™ Ø∫ÔV ÂÔ´D®™°D ÌÆkÏ.

Â\m \VWÈ›]_ ÔV|Ô”D \ÁÈÔ”D ∂]ÔD.ÔV|Ôπ_ º>¬z, ƒÕ>™D, º√V[≈ \´∫Ô^ c^·™. BVÁ™,Ao, Ô´Ω, \uÆD \V[ x>oB sÈ∫zÔ^ kVμ˛[≈™.

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ÔVsˆ, ƒ´Vk], m∫Ô-√›]´V x>oBÁk Â\m\VWÈ›]_ |˛[≈ ÿ√ˆB gÆÔ^. ÔıD√VΩ∂Á•D, m∫Ô√›]´V ∂Á•D ÂD \VWÈ∂ÁÔ”^ ÿ√ˆBÁk. ÔıD√VΩ ∂Á Á\ÛÚ¬z∂Ú˛_ c^·m.

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÷Á> Úi V¤ƒVÔÏ ®[Æ ∂Áw¬˛º≈VD.

m∫Ô√›]´V ∂Á¬Ô‚| ÿ«Vƒ©º√‚º¶ ®[≈ÂÔÚ¬z ∂Ú˛_ c^·m. ÿÂ_, √Ú›], V˛, ºƒV·D, ÔÚDA,\uÆD ®ıÿF s›m¬Ô^ ∂]Ô·s_ sÁ·˛[≈™.

ºÔVÈVˆKD, «‚ΩlKD >∫ÔD Á¶¬˛≈m. z]Á´xÔD, ÿ«Vƒ©º√‚º¶, ÿƒı˘Ï x>oB ÷¶∫Ôπ_\∫ÔÃ∑D ÷ÚDA›>VmD ∂]Ô·s_ Á¶¬˛[≈™.

ÔÚÂV¶Ô›]_ √VÏ›m \˛w ºkıΩB ÷¶∫Ô^∂]Ô·s_ c^·™. ∂ku§_ º√¿Ú, «ÿ·¨|, ƒ´kÿ√eÿÔV·V, √V>Vt, √‚¶>Ô_, «D∏, EÚ∫ºÔˆ,nÿ«Vº·, s¤BVA´V, Á\ÛÚ, º¤V¬ ∂Ús º√V[≈Ákx¬˛B\V™Ák.

ÂD \VWÈ›]_ 30 \Vk‚¶∫Ô^ c^·™.÷D\VWÈ›]_ ÿ√ÚD√VºÈVÏ Ô[™¶D º√∑˛≈VÏÔ^.

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>tμ, ÿ>K∫z, \ÁÈBV·D, m”, z¶z, ÿÔV∫ÔM,\´V‚Ω, cÚm x>oB ÿ\VaÔÁ·© º√∑D \¬Ô”DkVμ˛[≈™Ï. ÷kÏÔ^ ∂Á™kÚD ŒuÆÁ\ cÏºkV|kVμ˛[≈™Ï.

√Ω›>§Ô :

ÔÚÂV¶Ô \VWÈ›][ ÂÁÈÂÔ´D ÿ√∫ÔjÚ.

ÔVsˆ, m∫Ô √›]´V, ƒ´Vk] x>oB ÿ√ÚD gÆÔ^√VF˛[≈™.

m∫Ô √›]´V ∂Á¬ Ô‚| ÿ«Vƒ©º√‚øh¬z∂Ú˛_ c^·m.

«D∏, º√¿Ï, «ÿ·¨|, ƒ´k ÿ√eÿÔV·V, √V>Vt,√‚¶>Ô_, EÚ∫ºÔˆ, s¤BA´V, Á\ÛÚ º√V[≈÷¶∫Ô^ ƒˆ›]´© AÔμ ÿ√u≈Ák.

ÿ«Vƒ©º√‚º¶, z]Á´ xÔD, ÿƒı˘Ï, º√V[≈÷¶∫Ôπ_ ÷ÚDAD, \∫ÔÃ∑D ∂]Ô·s_˛Á¶¬˛[≈™.

∂ÚfiÿƒVu ÿ√VÚ^ :

∂ıÁ¶ = √¬Ô›m ; ÿ>[ = ÿ>uz ; |˛[≈ =√VF˛[≈ ; ŒuÆÁ\ = Œ[Æ ºƒÏÕ]Ú›>_.

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√luE

I. ÔÚÂV¶Ô \VWÈ›]_

AÔμ ÿ√u≈ ˛Á¶¬zD º√∑D÷¶∫Ô^ ÔM\∫Ô^ ÿ\VaÔ^

II. sÁ¶ ®ømÔ :

1. Ø∫ÔV ÂÔ´D ®[Æ ®m ∂Áw¬Ô©√|˛≈m ?

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2. ÔÚÂV¶Ô \VWÈ›]_ √V•D gÆÔ^ BVÁk ?

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...............................................................................

3. >∫ÔD ®∫ÿÔ∫z ˛Á¶¬˛≈m ?

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...............................................................................

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4. ÔÚÂV¶Ô \VWÈ›]_ ∂]Ô·s_ sÁ·•D sÁ·©ÿ√VÚ‚Ô^ BVÁk ?

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5. Â\m \VWÈ›]_ √VÏ›m \˛wºkıΩB÷¶∫Ô^BVÁk ?

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6. ÂD \VWÈ›]K^· \¬Ô^ º√∑D ÿ\VaÔ^ BVÁk?

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7. Â\m \VWÈ›]_ ®›>Á™ \Vk‚¶∫Ô^ c^·™ ?

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III. x>_ ®ø›Á> \Vu§ ºkÆ ÿƒV_ÈV¬˛ ®ømÔ :

ÿ\Va .................. .................. ..................

∂Á .................. .................. ..................

ÔVuÆ .................. .................. ..................

\´D .................. .................. ..................

Ô[Æ .................. .................. ..................

z‚Ω .................. .................. ..................

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IV. ÿƒVu ºÔVA´D :

ÿ√V∫Ô_ swVÿÔVı¶V¶©√|D ]∫Ô^

c°© √lÏ

ƒˆ›]´›]_ AÔμ ÿ√u≈ ÷¶D

sÁÈ cBÏÕ> cºÈVÔD

ºÔV_ zD√¸ c^· ÷¶D

÷ÕÂÔÚ¬z ∂Ú˛_ m∫Ô√›]´V ∂Á¬Ô‚|c^·m.

ÔÚÂV¶Ô \VWÈ›]_ √V•D gÆÔ^

ÔV ˆ

m ÔV

´V k ]

√ ] ´V

√VΩ \˛μÔ :

Ôu§¶ ºkbD :

∞‚Ω_ √Ω›>º>V| ÷ÚÕm s¶Vº> - ¿

∞[√Ω›º>VD ®[√Á>•D \≈Õms¶Vº> !

ÂV‚Ω[ ÿÂ§>k§ Â¶Õm s¶Vº> - ¿Â_ÈkÏÔ^ #uÆD √Ω k·ÏÕm s¶Vº> !

J›º>VÏ ÿƒV_kVÏ ÔÁ>ÔÁ· *≈¬Ì¶Vm - √ıA

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xÁ≈ÔπKD, ÿ\Va>MKD \V≈¬ Ì¶Vm.

\Vu≈VÏÁÔ© ÿ√VÚÁ· ÂD∏ kVw¬ Ì¶Vm - >[

\V™t_ÈV¬ ºÔVÁw•¶[ º√ƒ¬Ì¶Vm.

m[√›Á> ÿk_KD Ô_sÔu§¶ºkbD - ÿÔ‚¶

ºƒVD√ÁÈ¬ ÿÔV_KÕ]≈[ ÿ√u§¶ ºkbD

kDA ÿƒF•D ztÚÕ>V_ s‚Ω¶ ºkbD - ∂§°

k·ÏflElºÈ kV[ xÔ‚Á¶› ÿ>V‚Ω¶ ºkı|D.

- √‚|¬ ºÔV‚Á¶ Ô_BV∑Õ>´D

ºÂVBu≈ kVμºk zÁ≈ku≈ ÿƒ_kD.

ÿƒV_KºkVD, ®ømºkVD.

ÂV[

√Ω©º√[

|ºk[

#∫zºk[

ÂV∫Ô^

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8. ÿ«È[ ÿÔ_ÈÏ

∂È√V\V ®[–D E§B ÂÔ´›]_ 1880 - gD gı|ŒÚ ∂w˛B ÿ√ı zwÕÁ> ∏≈Õ>m. ∂¬zwÕÁ>l[ÿ√uº≈VÏ ∂k^ *m tÔ°D ∂[A ÿƒK›]™Ï. ∂k”¬zÿ«È[ ÿÔ_ÈÏ ®[Æ ÿ√Bˆ‚¶™Ï. ŒÚ ÂV^zwÕÁ>¬z¬ ÔVFflƒ_ kÕ>m, ÂV”¬z ÂV^ ÔVFflƒo[>V¬ÔD ∂]Ô\V™m. zwÕÁ> z\Á¶B z|D√›]K^·∂Á™kÚD √V|√‚¶™Ï. ∏≈z gı¶k[ s‚¶ kaÂD\V_ xΩÕ>·° √VÏ›m s‚º¶VD. ∏Áw©√mD,∏Áw¬ÔV>mD ∂k[ ÿƒBºÈ! ®[Æ ÷ÚÕm s‚¶™Ï.

ÿ«È[ ºÂVloÚÕm s|√‚¶V^, g™V_Ôı√VÏÁk•D, ºÔ‚zD ]≈–D º√VF s‚¶m ®[√Á>ÿ√uº≈VÏ ∂§Õ>™Ï. zwÕÁ> k·´ k·´ ÿ√uº≈VÏ ∂k^WÁÈÁB¬ Ôı| kÚÕ]™Ï. ÿ«È[ >[ >VF>[™Ú˛oÚ¬Ô ºkı|D ®™ ∂øm ∂¶D ∏Ω©√V^.

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>ÕÁ> zwÕÁ>¬z ®[™ º>ÁkºBV ∂Á>¬ ÿÔV| ®[ÆÌÆkVÏ.

ÿ«È–¬z¬ Ôı √VÏÁk•D ºÔ‚zD ]≈–D÷_ÈVs‚¶VKD, ∂k^ tÔ°D A›]ƒVoBVÔ ÷ÚÕ>V^.ÿ«È[ ®Á>•D ÔuÔ\V‚¶V^ ®[Æ √ÈÏ WÁ™›>™Ïg™V_, ∂k^ >VF ∂>Á™ ∞uÆ¬ ÿÔV^·s_ÁÈ.ÿ«È[ tÔ°D mΩ©√V™ EÆt. g™V_ ∂kÁ·®ÀkVÆ x[º™uÆkm ®[Æ WÁ™›m >VFÔkÁÈ©√|kV^.

ÿ«È[ tÔ x´‚|›>™D t¬Ôk·VÔ k·ÏÕ>V^.>™¬z >ÁÈkVˆs¶ BVÁ´•D ∂–\]¬Ô\V‚¶V^.∂k^ gÁ¶Ô^ ®©ÿ√VømD ∂ø¬ÔVÔºk ÔV©√|D.∂Ω¬ÔΩ ºÔV∏›m¬ ÿÔV^kV^. EÈ ºkÁ·Ôπ_ >Á´l_√|›m¬ ÁÔ ÔV_ÔÁ· cÁ>©√V^.

∂k^ ÿ√uº≈VÏÔ^ ∂k”¬z¬ Ô_s Ôu∏¬Ô ŒÚgEˆBÁ´ ∞u√V| ÿƒF>™Ï. ∑_okV[ ®[–D gEˆÁB

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ÿ«È–¬z© √V¶D Ôu∏¬Ô Œ©A¬ ÿÔVı¶VÏ. ∑_okV[,ÿ«È–¬z ŒÚ ÿ√VDÁ\ÁB¬ ÿÔV|›m ÿ√VDÁ\ ®[Æcflƒˆ¬z\VÆ Ì§™VÏ. ÿ«ÈM[ ÁÔl_ gEˆÁB >[s´_Ô·V_ ÿ√VDÁ\ ®[≈ ®ø›Á> ®ø] GÊzøuU

Ì‚Ω cflƒˆ¬Ô >[ ÁÔ ÁƒÁÔ xÁ≈l_ ÿƒFm ÔV‚Ω™VÏ.

ÿ«È–D >[ gEˆÁB ÿƒFm ÔV‚ΩBÁ>© º√VÈflÿƒFm ÔV‚Ω™V^. ∂k^ ®[™ ÿƒF˛≈V^ ®[√Á>gEˆB´V_ ∂§Õm ÿÔV^· xΩBs_ÁÈ. ÿ«È[ >[gEˆÁBÁB tÔ°D sÚD∏™V^. ∑_okV[ tÔ°DÔıΩ©√V™kÏ; ∂[At¬ÔkÏ. ÿ«È–¬ÔVÔ ∂ºÂÔÿƒVuÔÁ·› >[ ÁÔ ÁƒÁÔ JÈD cÏ›]© AˆÕmÿÔV^”\VÆ ÿƒF>VÏ.

ŒÚ ÂV^ gEˆÁB ÿ«ÈÁ™ |D ¿ˆ_ ÁÔÁB ÂÁ™¬ÔÁk›>VÏ. gEˆÁB ‘¿Ï ’ ®™ cflƒˆ¬Ô ÿ«È[ ∂m ¿Ï ®™cÏÕ>V^. ¿Ï ®[√m ~´\V™m ®[√Á>•D cÏÕ>V^.

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cÈ˛_ ÿƒVuÔ^ tÔ°D x¬˛B\V™m ®[√Á>∂§Õ>V^. ÷À°È˛_ ∂k^ ∂§B ºkıΩB ÿ√VÚ‚Ô^∂Á™›Á>•D, ÿƒVuÔ^ >V[ cÏ›mD ®™ ∂§Õ>V^.÷mºk ∏ÿ´F_ xÁ≈BVzD.

ÿƒs›]≈[ ∂uº≈VÏ, º√∑D ]≈™uº≈VÏ >∫Ô”Á¶B®ı∫ÔÁ· ®|›mÁ´¬Ô ∏ÿ´F_ xÁ≈ÁBºB÷[Á≈¬zD √B[√|›] kÚ˛[≈™Ï.

√Ω›>§Ô :

∂wÔV™ zwÕÁ> ÿ«È[ ÿÔ_ÈÏ.

ŒÚ ÂV^ zwÕÁ>¬z ÔVFflƒ_ kÕ>m.

ÿ«È–¬z ÔVFflƒÈV_ Ôı√VÏÁk•D ºÔ‚zD]≈–D º√VFs‚¶m.

ÿ«È[ tÔ°D A›]ƒVoBVÔ ÷ÚÕ>V^.

ÿ«È[ Ô_s ÔuÔ ŒÚ gEˆBÁ´ ÿ√uº≈VÏ ∞u√V|ÿƒF>™Ï.

ÿ√VDÁ\ ®[≈ ®ø›Á> ®ø]¬Ì‚Ω cflƒˆ¬ÔgEˆÁB ÁÔ ÁƒÁÔ xÁ≈l_ ÿƒFm ÔV‚Ω™VÏ.

ÿƒs›]≈[ ∂uº≈VÏ, º√∑Õ]≈[ ∂uº≈VÏ >∫Ô”Á¶B®ı∫ÔÁ· ®|›mÁ´¬Ô ∏ÿ´F_ xÁ≈ÁB÷[Á≈¬zD √B[√|›] kÚ˛[≈™Ï.

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I. ŒÚ kV¬˛B›]_ sÁ¶ >ÚÔ :

1. ÿ«È[ ®Õ> gı| ®∫z ∏≈Õ>V^ ?

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...............................................................................

2. ÿ«È[ ÿÔ_ÈÏ ®Õÿ>Õ>› ]≈Á™ ÷wÕ>V^ ?

...............................................................................

...............................................................................

3. ÿ«È–¬z¬ Ô_s Ôu∏›> gEˆÁB BVÏ ?

...............................................................................

...............................................................................

4. ∑_okV[ ÿƒVuÔÁ· ®ÀkVÆ cÏ›]™VÏ ?

...............................................................................

...............................................................................

5. ÿƒs›]≈[ \uÆD º√∑D ]≈™uº≈VÏ ÔuzD xÁ≈®m ?

...............................................................................

...............................................................................


1. ÿ«È[ ÿÔ_ÈÁ´ ................... ºÂVF >V¬˛Bm.

2. ∂k^ tÔ°D ................... ÷ÚÕ>V^

3. ÿ«È[ ÿÔ_ÈÚ¬z ................... ]≈–D ...................]≈–D º√VFs‚¶m.

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4. ∑_okV[ tÔ°D ...................

5. öí»ÝUS >[ gEˆÁBÁB tÔ°D ...................

III. ®]Ïfl ÿƒV_ >ÚÔ :

1. E§B x ....................

2. ∂[A x ....................

3. A›]ƒVo x ....................

4. |D x ....................

5. ~´\V™ x ....................

IV. ºƒÏ›ÿ>ømÔ :

1. zD + ì∂Á¶B = ..................

2. >[ + ∂Ú˛_ = ....................

3. ~´D + g™m = ....................

4. ÿƒs + ]≈[ = ....................

5. ]≈[ + ∂uº≈VÏ = ..................

V. kˆÁƒ© √|›] ®ømÔ :

Ôı√VÏÁk•D ºÔ‚zD ]≈–D º√VFs‚¶m.

zwÕÁ>¬z¬ ÔVFflƒ_ kÕ>m.

ÿ«È[ >[ >VF ∂Ú˛oÚ¬Ô ºkı|D ®™ ∂¶D∏Ω©√V^.

zwÕÁ>¬z© ÿ√uº≈VÏ ÿ«È[ ÿÔ_ÈÏ ®[Æÿ√Bˆ‚¶™Ï.

ÿ«È[ ºÂVloÚÕm s|√‚¶V^.

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∑_okV[ tÔ°D ÔıΩ©√V™kÏ.

ÿƒs›]≈[ ∂uº≈VÏ º√∑D ]≈[ ∂uº≈VÏ>∫Ô”Á¶B ®ı∫ÔÁ· ®|›mÁ´¬Ô ∏ÿ´F_xÁ≈ÁB© √B[√|›m˛[≈™Ï.

ÿ√uº≈VÏÔ^ ÿ«È[ Ô_s¬ÔuÔ ŒÚ gEˆÁBÁB∞u√V| ÿƒF>™Ï.

ŒÚ ÂV^ gEˆÁB ÿ«ÈÁ™ |D ¿ˆ_ ÁÔÁBÂÁ™¬Ô Ák›>VÏ.

VI.ˇμ¬ÔVbD ŒoÔπ_ º√ÿ´Vo d \uÆDEuÿ≈VoÁB ®|›ÿ>ømÔ :

ÁÔ›>‚|>_, kı›m© ØflE √≈›>_, \´›]oÚÕm÷ÁÈ ˇºw sø>_, ¸¸, Ê‚ΩBΩ›>_, √‚¶V∑ÿkΩ›>_, ÷´ÔEBD º√∑>_, ∑w_ÔVuÆ, ÷≈z sø>_,®ÆDA ªÏ>_.

º√ÿ´Vo Euÿ≈Vo

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√VΩ \˛μÔ.

√fiƒV© ÿƒ_ÈÈVD

√fi∑t‚¶VF kV∫ÔÈVD.

´Vº\¸k´D ÿƒ_ÈÈVD,

´ƒz_ÈV kV∫ÔÈVD.

z¤´V› ÿƒ_ÈÈVD,

zºÈV© ¤Vx[ kV∫ÔÈVD.

p ´∫ÔD ÿƒ_ÈÈVD

ÊMt‚¶VF kV∫ÔÈVD.

º>Ω› º>Ω kV∫˛ºB,ÌΩ¬ ÌΩ› ][™ÈVD.

ƒˆBV >k≈V ®™ z§©∏| :

1. ÔVB›Á>© √fiE™V_ Ôøkºkı|D.

2. #E ÔıË_ søÕ>V_ ®ˆflƒ_ ∞u√|D.

3. Û¶V™ ¿ˆ_ ÔıÔÁ·¬ Ôøk ºkı|D.

4. ÔV]_ zflEs‚| zÁ¶B¬ Ì¶Vm.

5. ÿÔV]¬zD ¿Á´ c¶D∏_ ÿÔV‚Ω¬ ÿÔVı¶V_zπÏEBV™ >ıßÁ´ ªu≈ºkı|D.

ÌΩ kVμÕ>V_ ºÔVΩÂ[Á\.

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9. ÔÁ>©√V¶_÷´ı| ØÁ™¬ z‚ΩÔ^

÷´ı| ØÁ™¬ z‚ΩÔ^

÷Á´∏Ω¬Ôfl ÿƒ[≈™ !

÷Úı¶ ∂Á≈ Œ[§M_

÷´ı|D √m∫˛ W[≈™.

®∫˛ÚÕº>V ®o Œ[Æ

®D∏¬ z]›m kÕ>m.

√m∫˛ ÷ÚÕ> ØÁ™•D

√VFÕm ∂>Á™© ∏Ω›>m.

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ƒıÁ¶ º√V‚¶ ØÁ™Ô^

ÔıÔ^ ]≈Õm √VÏ¬ÁÔl_

s´‚Ω ∂kuÁ≈ ∂Ω›>™Ï

T‚| cˆÁ\BV·ÏÔ^.

Œ[Æ√‚| ÷Á´lÁ™›

][™ \≈Õ> ØÁ™Ô^

ÂoÕm √VkD mΩ›>™

Â_È √V¶D √Ω›>™.

- ÿ√.kV. xM´›]™D(÷MBÁk ÷Ú√m)


÷Á´ = c°, √m∫˛ = ŒπÕm, √∫z = √VÔD, c´¬Ô =√È\VÔ, s´‚Ω = m´›], ÂoÕm = kÚÕm, ÿ\VaÕm =ÿƒV_o.

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I. sÁ¶Bπ¬Ô°D :

1. ÷Á´ÁB© ∏Ω¬Ô ®Ák ÿƒ[≈™?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

2. ÷´ı| ØÁ™¬z‚ΩÔ^ ®∫z √m∫˛ ÷ÚÕ>™ ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

3. ∏Ω›> ®oÁB© ØÁ™ ®∫z ÿÔVı| ÿƒ[≈m ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

4. ][™© º√VzD ºÂ´›]_ ®m kÕ>m ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

5. ÷´ı|D ®[™ ÿƒF>™ ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

6. ØÁ™ÔÁ· BVÏ s´‚Ω™Ï ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

7. ØÁ™Ô^ ∞[ mΩ›>™ ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

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1. ÷´ı| ØÁ™¬z‚ΩÔ^ ................ ∏Ω¬Ôfl

ÿƒ[≈™.

2. ®∫˛ÚÕº>V .................. Œ[Æ ®D∏¬ z]›m kÕ>m.

3. ][™© º√VzD ƒ\B›]_ ............. .............. kÕ>m.

4. Œ[Á≈ Œ[Æ ÔΩ›mº\ ............... ƒ©>D ÿƒF>™.

5. Œ[Æ√‚| ÷Á´lÁ™› .............. \≈Õ> ØÁ™Ô^

............. √VkD mΩ›>™.


1. ØÁ™¬ z‚ΩÔ^ = ....................

2. ®∫˛ÚÕº>V = ....................

3. Ô‚Ω©A´ı| = ....................

4. Œ[Á≈ÿBV[Æ = ....................

IV. ®]Ïfl ÿƒVuÔ^ >ÚÔ :

1. ÷Ú^ $ .................

2. √m∫˛ $ .................

3. c´¬Ô $ .................

4. ÂoÕm $ .................

5. Â_È $ .................

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10. cÁw©º√ cBÏ°

∂Ïfl∑™VA´D ®[√m ŒÚ ∂w˛B ˛´V\D.∂¬˛´V\›]_ \mƒÕ]´[ ®[–D ŒÚ ÿƒ_kÕ>Ï÷ÚÕ>VÏ. ∂kˆ¶D xÚÔ[, ÔÕ>[, xMB[ ®™ J[ÆºkÁÈ¬ÔV´ÏÔ^ ºkÁÈ ÿƒFm ÿÔVıΩÚÕ>VÏÔ^.∂©º√Vm ŒÚ ÂV^.

ÔV‚E 1

√V›]´∫Ô^ : ÿƒ_kÕ>Ï, ºkÁÈBV‚Ô^, xÚÔ[,xMB[, ÔÕ>[.

ÿƒ_kÕ>Ï : ÂV[ ∂B_ ÂV‚|¬z© √BD ÿƒFB÷Ú¬˛º≈[. ®[M¶D c^· √›]_ŒÚ √z]ÁB c∫Ôπ¶D ÿÔV|›m s‚|flÿƒ_˛º≈[.

xÚÔ[ xMB[ ÔÕ>[

JkÚD ºƒÏÕm : ƒˆ nBV! ∂©√ΩºB ÿƒF•∫Ô^ !

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ÿƒ_kÕ>Ï : xÚÔV ! ÷º>V c™¬z nD√>Vl´D

xÚÔ[ : Â[§, x>ÈVπ! ¿∫Ô^ ¿| kVμTÏ.

(xÚÔ[ tÔ xÔ\ÈÏflE•¶[ kV∫˛¬ÿÔV^”>_)

ÿƒ_kÕ>Ï : xMBV ! ÷º>V c™¬z x©√>Vl´D,kV∫˛¬ÿÔV^.

xMB[ : Â[§ ! nBV, ÷Á>© √›]´\VÔ¬ ÔV›mc∫Ôπ¶D Œ©√Á¶©º√[.

ÿƒ_kÕ>Ï : ÔÕ>V ! ÷Õ>V, ÷Ú√>Vl´D ‘√VFkV∫˛¬ÿÔV^.

ÔÕ>[ : Â_Èm, x>ÈVπ ! (∂kÏ √V>D ÿ>V‚|kV∫˛¬ ÿÔV^”>_)

(ÿƒ_kÕ>Ï ∂[Á≈¬ºÔ ∂B_ ÂV‚|¬z √B©√‚|flÿƒ[≈VÏ.)

ÔV‚E 2

(xÚÔ[, ÔÕ>[, xMB[ ®[≈ JkÚD ÔÈÕmÁ´BVΩ›]‚¶t‚¶™Ï.)

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xÚÔ[ : Âı√ÏÔº·! ÂDxÁ¶B x>ÈVπ ÂD]≈Á\ÁB ®Á¶º√V¶ºk ÷©√›Á>Â\¬z ∂π›m ÷Ú¬˛≈VÏ.

ÔÕ>[ : ÂV–D ∂Á>ºB >V[ WÁ™¬˛º≈[.

xMB[ : ÷m ÂDxÁ¶B ]≈Á\¬z ŒÚ ƒkV_.∂º>V| ∂kÏ ÿÔV|›> √›Á>© Â\¬z√VmÔV¬Ô› ÿ>ˆ˛≈>V ? ®[Æ º>Ï°Ák›]Ú¬˛≈VÏ.

xÚÔ[ : √›Á>© ÿ√‚Ωl_ Ák›m© Ø‚Ω∂©√ΩºB ]ÚD√ Œ©√Á¶¬Ô ∂kÏ Â\¬zÿÔV|¬Ô s_ÁÈ ! ®™ºk ÂVD....

xMB[ : Âı√ÏÔº· ! Â\m x>ÈVπ tÔ°DÔ|Á\BV™kÏ. √›Á> ÂVD x>‹|ÿƒFm ÿ>VÁÈ›m s‚¶V_, ÂDÁ\ÿÔV[º≈ º√V‚| s|kVÏ.

ÔÕ>[ : c∫Ô^ ]‚¶D ®mkVÔ ÷ÚÕ>VKDc∫Ô”¶[ Ák›m¬ ÿÔV^”∫Ô^.®[Á™ s‚| s|∫Ô^. ∂m º√VmD®™¬z.

ÔV‚E 3

ÿƒ_kÕ>Ï ŒÚ kÚ¶D Ôa›m, >VF ÂV‚|¬z› ]ÚD∏kÕm, >[ ºkÁÈ¬ÔV´ÏÔ^ JkÁ´•D ∂Áw›m©º√E™VÏ.

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ÿƒ_kÕ>Ï : ¿∫Ô^ ®©√Ω ÷Ú¬˛SÏÔ^. c∫Ô”Á¶BT‚Ω_ ∂Á™kÚD ÂÈ\VÔ÷Ú¬˛≈VÏÔ·V ? ªˆ_ ∞>Vkm x¬˛BWÔμflEÔ^ cı¶V ? g\VD ÂV[ ∂B_ÂV‚|¬zfl ÿƒ_KD º√Vm ÿÔV|›>√›Á> ®[™ ÿƒFyÏÔ^ ?

xÚÔ[ : nBV ! >V∫Ô^ ®™¬Ôπ›> nD√>Vl´›Á>¬ ÿÔVı| WÈD kV∫˛, ˛Æÿk‚Ω, ]´V‚Áƒ ÿÔVΩÔ^ Â‚|,]™xD ∂Á>¬ÔkM›m kÕº>[sÁ·flƒ_ Â[≈VÔ ÷ÚÕ>m. W´D√÷ÈV√›Á>•D ÿÔV|›>m.

ÿƒ_kÕ>Ï : ∂©√ΩBV ! t¬Ô \˛μflE c[–Á¶BcÁw©√Vu≈ÁÈ© √V´V‚|˛º≈[.

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xÚÔ[ : c∫Ô”Á¶B nD√>Vl´›Á> ÷´ı|\¶∫z g¬˛º™[. nBV ! ÷Á> ∞uÆ¬ÿÔV^· ºkı|D.

ÿƒ_kÕ>Ï : Â_Èm c›>\º™ ! ¿ cıÁ\BVÔfl ÿƒB_√‚¶VF, c[ ÷ÈV√›Á> ¿ºBÁk›m¬ÿÔV^.

xMB[ : nBV >V∫Ô^ ®™¬Ôπ›>x©√>Vl´›Á>¬ÿÔVı| g|Ô^ kV∫˛k·Ï›º>[. ∂Ák √È\¶∫z g˛™.÷º>V ÷Õ>©√›Á> ∞uÆ¬ÿÔV^”∫Ô^, nBV !

ÿƒ_kÕ>Ï : Â_Èm xMBV ! Ô|Á\BVÔ cÁw›>VF,÷ÈV√›Á> ¿ºB Ák›m¬ ÿÔV^.

xMB[ : >∫Ôπ[ c>sÁB ®©ÿ√VømD \≈¬Ô\V‚º¶[.

ÿƒ_kÕ>Ï : ÔÕ>V ! ÂV[ ÿÔV|›>© √›Á> ¿ ®[™ÿƒF>VF, ÿƒV_, √VÏ¬ÔÈVD ! ∞>VkmsBV√V´D ÿƒF>VBV ?

ÔÕ>[ : nBV ! ÂV[ ®[™ x‚¶V·V ? >V∫Ô^®™¬Ôπ›> ÷Ú√>Vl´›Á> ÷º>V ÷Õ>©√VÁ™l_ Ák›m, √›]´\VÔ© Øtl_AÁ>›m, ÷´° √ÔÈVÔ¬ ÔVk_ ÔV›m,∂Õ> √›Á> ∂©√ΩºB ÿÔVı|kÕm^º·[.

ÿƒ_kÕ>Ï : ∂¶! ∂¶! x‚¶Vº· ! ¿ xBuE ∂u≈k[.ºƒVDº√§, ÷M ®[ x[™V_ WuÔVº>.Ω© º√VF s|. Ô¶°^ c™¬z¬ÿÔV|›>› ]≈Á\ÁB•D √B[ √|›>

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s_ÁÈ. ÂV[ ÿÔV|›> √›Á>•D √B[√|›>s_ÁÈ. ºƒVD√ºÈ ÂDxÁ¶B x>_®]ˆ. ºƒVD√ÁÈ Œa›mfl ∑Æ∑Æ©√VÔ ÷Ú.Â_kVμ° ‚|D.

√Ω›>§Ô :

ÂV[ ∂B_ ÂV‚|¬z© √BD ÿƒFB ÷Ú¬˛º≈[.

xÚÔV ! ÷º>V c™¬z nD√>Vl´D.

ÂD ]≈Á\ÁB ®Á¶ º√V¶ºk Â\¬z ÷©√›Á>Â\¬z ∂π›]Ú¬˛≈VÏ.

WÈD kV∫˛ ˛Æ ÿk‚Ω ]´V‚Áƒ¬ ÿÔVΩÔ^Â‚º¶[.

c[–Á¶B cÁw©√Vu≈ÁÈ© √V´V‚|˛º≈[.

ºƒVD√ºÈ Â\m x>_ ®]ˆ. ºƒVD√ÁÈ Œa›>V_Â[z kVwÈVD.

ºÔ‚| ®ømÔ.

∂w˛B ´V\D ]´V‚Áƒ¬ ÿÔVΩÔ^

∂B_ ÂV| sÁ·flƒ_

xÔ\ÈÏflE cÁw©√Vu≈_

Œ©√Á¶©º√[ ÿƒB_√‚¶VF

ÔÈÕmÁ´BVΩ √È\¶∫z

º>Ï° Øtl_ AÁ>›m

Ô|Á\BV™kÏ Â_ kVμ°

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∂ÚfiÿƒVu ÿ√VÚ^ :

∂B_ ÂV| = ÿkπ ÂV|, √›]´\VÔ = √VmÔV©√VÔ,√V>D = ÔVÈΩ, ÔÈÕmÁ´BVΩ = ÌΩ©º√E, º>Ï° =ºƒV>Á™, sÁ·flƒ_ = ∂]Ô·° sÁ·>_

√luE

I. s™V¬Ô”¬z sÁ¶Bπ¬Ô°D :

1. ∂w˛B ´V\›][ ÿ√BÏ BVm ?

sÁ¶ .......................................................................

...........................................................................

2. ÿƒ_kÕ>ˆ¶D ºkÁÈ ÿƒF> ºkÁÈBV‚Ôπ[ÿ√BÏÔÁ· ®ømÔ.

sÁ¶.............................................................................

.............................................................................

3. ÿƒ_kÕ>Ï ®∫z ÿƒ_k>VÔ Ì§™VÏ ?

sÁ¶.............................................................................

.............................................................................

4. ÿƒ_kÕ>Ï ∂B_ ÂV| ÿƒ_KDº√Vm, >[ºkÁÈBV‚Ô”¬z ®Àk·° √D ÿÔV|›mflÿƒ[≈VÏ ?

sÁ¶ ...........................................................................

...........................................................................

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5. xÚÔ[ >™¬Ôπ¬Ô©√‚¶ nD√>Vl´›Á>¬ÿÔVı| ®[™ ÿƒF>V[ ?

sÁ¶.............................................................................

.............................................................................

6. xMB–¬z ∂π¬Ô©√‚¶ √›Á> ®[™ÿƒF>>VÔ¬ Ì§™V[ ?

sÁ¶.............................................................................

.............................................................................

7. ÔÕ>Á™ ÿƒ_kÕ>Ï ∞[ ºÔV∏›m¬ ÿÔVı¶VÏ ?

sÁ¶.............................................................................

.............................................................................


1. ÿƒ_kÕ>ˆ[ ºkÁÈBV‚Ôπ[ ÿ√BÏÔ^ ................

................ ..................

2. ÂV[ .................. ÂV‚|¬z© √BD ÿƒFB

÷Ú¬˛º≈[.

3. Â[§ x>ÈVπ ¿∫Ô^ ...................

4. Â\m x>ÈVπ tÔ°D ..................

5. nD√>Vl´›Á>¬ ÿÔVı| WÈD kV∫˛ .............

.............. ∂Á>¬ ÔkM›m kÕº>[.

6. x©√>Vl´›]_ ............... kV∫˛ k·Ï›º>[.

7. ∂¶, ∂¶ ............... ¿ xBuE ∂u≈k[.

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1. xÔ\ÈÏflE = ..................

2. x©√>Vl´D = ..................

3. ÔÈÕmÁ´BVΩ = ..................

4. Ô|Á\BV™kÏ = ..................

5. cÁw©√Vu≈_ = ..................

IV. ºƒÏ›ÿ>ømÔ :

1. nD√m + gl´D = ...................

2. √È + \¶∫z = ...................

3. ®™¬z + ∂π›> = ...................

4. xBuE + ∂u≈k[ = ...................

5. ÷Ú√m + gl´D = ...................

V. ÿ√VÚ›] ®ømÔ :

∂ g

1. ∂Ïfl∑™V A´D ∂B_ÂV|

2. ÿƒ_kÕ>Ï nD√>Vl´D

3. xÚÔ[ g|Ô^

4. xMB[ Øtl_ AÁ>›>V[

5. ÔÕ>[ ∂w˛B ´V\D

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VI. A]B ÿƒVuÔÁ· cÚkV¬zºkVD :

ºkÁÈBV‚Ô^

®-| ºkÁÈ ; g‚Ô^ ;

k·Ï›º>[ ............ ..............

AÁ>B_ ................. ..............

]≈Á\ÁB ................ .................

Ô©√_ ................ ................

VII. ÿƒVuÔÁ· ÷Á›m› ÿ>V¶Ï cÚkV¬zÔ :

1. ÿƒ_kÕ>Ï ∂B_ ÂV| √BD

(®-|) ÿƒ_kÕ>Ï ∂B_ ÂV‚|¬z √B©√‚¶VÏ.

2. WÈD ˛Æ ]´V‚Áƒ sÁ·flƒ_

3. Â_Èm cıÁ\ ÿƒB_√‚¶VF

4. g|Ô^ k·Ï›º>[ √È\¶∫z

5. √VÁ™l_ √›]´\VÔ ÔVk_ÔV›º>[

6. ºƒVD√_ ŒaÕm ∑Æ∑Æ©√VÔ

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VIII. ÿƒV[™m BVÏ ?

1. ÂV[ ∂B_ ÂV‚|¬z© √BD ÿƒFB ÷Ú¬˛º≈[.

...............................................................................

2. Âı√ÏÔº· ! ÂDxÁ¶B x>ÈVπ ÂD ]≈Á\ÁB®Á¶ º√V¶ºk √›Á> Â\¬z ∂π›m^·VÏ.

...............................................................................

3. Â\m x>ÈVπ tÔ°D Ô|Á\BV™kÏ.

...............................................................................

4. c[–Á¶B cÁw©√Vu≈ÁÈ© √V´V‚|˛º≈[.

...............................................................................

5. x©√>Vl´›Á>¬ ÿÔVı| g|Ô^ kV∫˛k·Ï›º>[.

...............................................................................

6. ∂¶! ∂¶! x‚¶Vº·! ¿ xBuE ∂u≈k[ºƒVDº√§.

...............................................................................

√V¶ÁÈ© √VΩ \˛μÔ :

Œπ√ Á¶›> ÔıË™VF kV! kV! kV!cÆ]ÿÔVı¶ ÿÂfidE™VF kV! kV! kV!

Ôπ√ Á¶›> ÿ\Val™VF kV! kV! kV!Ô|Á\ ÿÔVı¶ º>Vπ™VF kV! kV! kV!

ÿ>π° ÿ√u≈ \]l™VF kV! kV! kV!

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EÆÁ\ Ôı| ÿ√V∫zkVF kV! kV! kV!®πÁ\ Ôı| ÷´∫zkVF kV! kV! kV!

∞Æº√V_ ÂÁ¶l™VF kV! kV! kV!

ÿƒB_]≈[ :

ÿƒF]› >V^ÔπKD, EÆkÏÔ”¬ÔV™ÿkπX|ÔπKD kÚD ÿƒF]ÔÁ·© √Ω›>§Ô

ÿ√Vm ÷¶∫Ôπ_ Œ‚¶©√‚¶ kıfl∑kÿ´V‚ΩÔ^, mı| ∂§¬ÁÔÔ^, s·D√´∫Ô^,ƒVÁÈl[ ÿ√BÏÔ^ º√V[≈kuÁ≈© √Ω¬Ô.

kV´©√›]ˆ¬ÁÔÔπ_ kÚD A]ÏÔ^, s|ÔÁ>Ô^g˛BkuÁ≈© √Ω›m sÁ¶B§Ô.

]Ú\ swV, ∂Áw©∏>μ, √^π gı| swV∂Áw©∏>μÔÁ· √Ω›>§Ô.

ÿ√VÚ›>\V™ ÿƒV_ ∂‚Á¶ÔÁ· ÷Á›m ÿ>V¶ÏcÚkV¬˛ ®ømÔ :

˛π √^π sÁ·BVΩ™Ï

∂x>V √≈Õm ∞§™

∂Ë_ \´›]_ ÿƒ[≈V^

g|Ô^ √Õm ÿƒ[≈m

EÆtBÏ \ÁÈl_ ∞§Bm

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GkzxUPõmk :

1. ˛π √≈Õm ÿƒ[≈m.

2. ...............................................

3. ...............................................

4. ...............................................

5 ...............................................

6. ...............................................

÷≈V_ ®[≈ *–¬z ∂>[ ÷>BD >ÁÈl_÷Ú¬˛≈m.

®KDÁ√ ∑Ák¬Ô, ®KDA c^· ÷¶›]uz º√VÔÂVF¬z kaÔV‚|∫Ô^.

GÊzx¨¤øÇ &

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÷kÏÔ^ BVÏ ? ®[™ ÿƒF˛≈VÏÔ^.

.................................... ....................................

.................................... ....................................

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.................................... ....................................

.................................... ....................................

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©KTBS

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77Â[§ : ]™›>Õ]

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11. kV˚Ï]

kV™ ªÏ] kV™ ªÏ]®∫ºÔ º√V˛[≈VF ? - ÂV[kVΩ¬ÁÔBVF© º√Vkº>÷È∫ÁÔ \VÂÔº´.

√VÁ™ Œ[Æ zÆ¬˛_ Ôı¶V_®[™ ÿƒFzkVF ? - “∂¶√VÁ™ ∞m? ƒ‚Ω ∞m?kV™ ÿkπlºÈ.”

gÁ™ Œ[Æ zÆ¬˛_ kÕ>V_®[™ ÿƒFzkVF ? - “∂¶gÁ™ ∞m ØÁ™∞mkV™ ÿkπlºÈ?”

ÔV™K¬z ÷Á·©√V≈®∫ºÔ >∫zkVF ? - “ÂV[º√V™°¶[ a≈∫˛ÿ√Vøm º√V¬zºk[.”

®›>Á™º√Ï ÷Ú¬˛[≈VÏÔ^kV™∆Ï]ºB ? - “gD®ø√mº√Ï ÷Ú¬˛[≈VÏÔ^®[ klu§ºÈ!”

ÿ\›> cB´›º>lÚÕmsøÕ]|kVºBV ? - “®[º\_ ÷Ú¬zD ÿ√V§ÿÔ‚¶V_søÕ]|ºkº™”

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ÿ\VF›m© AB_ kÕm s‚¶V_®[™ ÿƒFzkVF ? - “∂Õ>ÿ\VF›>© AB_ >Vı|km‚|ÂÏ ]≈D.”

- √VºkÕ>Ï √V´]>Vƒ[

]≈[ : ºÔ‚¶_ : √Ω›m©AˆÕm ÿÔV^”>_.

√Ω›>§Ô :÷Buÿ√BÏ : Ô™Ô ∑©A´›]™DE≈©A©ÿ√BÏ : √V´]>Vƒ[ÿ√uº≈VÏ : Ô™ÔƒÁ√, ÷È¬zt∏≈©∏¶D : AmÁkº>Vu≈D : 29.04.1891\Á≈° : 21.04.1964

ÿƒV_ sÁ·BV‚|J[ÿ≈ø›m kVÏ›Á>lºÈ

x>o´ıÁ¶ sÈ¬˛s‚¶V_c¶KÆ©∏_ Œ[ÆkÚDcÁw©√>uz c>s ÿƒFB

Â| ®ø›Á> ÿk‚Ω s‚¶V_Â‚A¬z ®]Ï©A kÚD.

÷Æ]BÁ> ®|›ms‚¶V_‘®ı’ ∂>M_ ∏[™VzD∂D J[Æ Œ[Æ ºƒˆ[∂>[ *m ®ø]¶ÈVD.c‚ÔV´© √B[ √¶°Dc>s|º\ ∂ÀkVÏ›Á>

÷ÚºkÆ√È[ ÿÔV|¬zD÷Õ> kVÏ›Á> ®[™ ?

sÁ¶ : √ÈÁÔ

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ÂV∫Ô^ BVÏ ?ΩBVΩ cÁw©√]_ÁÈºkÆˆ¶xD º√Vk]_ÁÈg™V_cÁk ÂV∫Ô^ ƒÁ\›]|ºkVD.cÈ˛uzD ÿÔV|›]|ºkVD.ÂV∫Ô^ BVÏ ?

sÁ¶ : >Vk´∫Ô^

(EÆ mπ ÿ√Úÿk^·D)ºƒVÁÈl_ √Ès> √≈ÁkÔ^ ∑u§› ]ˆ˛[≈™

ÿ\V›>D ®›>Á™© √≈ÁkÔ^ ?

sÁ¶................

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12. ]ˆ√]B ]ˆs¬´\[ ƒÏk¬QÏ

ÔÚÂV¶Ô \VWÈ›]K^· >VÏkVÏ\Vk‚¶›]_ “\VÛÚ” ®[≈ ŒÚ E§B˛´V\D. ∂À∆ˆ_ c^· ºÔVlo_ØÁƒ ÿƒFkÁ>› ÿ>VaÈVÔ¬ÿÔVı¶kÏ √ƒk´ƒV. ∂kÚÁ¶B\Á™sl[ ÿ√BÏ \_ÈÀkV.÷kÏÔ”¬z ÿÂ|∫ÔVÈD zwÕÁ>©º√Æ ÷_ÁÈ. ÔVE s∑kÂV>M[∂Ú·V_ ƒÏk¬QÏ \Ô™VÔ© ∏≈Õ>VÏ.∂kÏ “Ek–D √VÏk]•D” ®™mÿ√uº≈VÏ, A‚¶>›>[ ®[–Dÿ√Bˆ_ ÁÔÈVB›]_ ÷ÚÕ>k[ÂV[, ŒÚ ÔV´›>V_ Ek[ ®[Á™Øt¬z ∂–©∏™VÏ” ®[ÆÌ§•^·VÏ.

÷kÏ ÷·D kB]ºÈºB T‚ΩoÚÕm ÿkπºB§™VÏ,m≈k≈D º\uÿÔVı¶ ƒÏk¬QÏ ƒV], ƒ\BD,J¶ÂD∏¬ÁÔÔ^ x>oBkuÁ≈ ®]Ï›>VÏ. kVøDWÈxD, ∂ÚÕmD ¿ÚD, y•D, kV™›]_ Œπs|DÛˆB–D cÈ˛K^· ∂Á™›m \¬Ô”¬zDÿ√VmkV™Ák, √È zø¬Ô”D, √Vμ ÿƒF•D ƒV]Ô”D®>uz ? ®[Æ ƒV]ÁB ®]Ï›m¬ z´_ ®ø©∏™VÏ.

“ŒÚ sÈ∫˛[ \Vtƒ›Á> cı√kÁ™s¶,ÿ>Fk›][ ÿ√B´V_ sÈ∫ÁÔ© √ol‚| ∂>Á™cı√kº™ º\Vƒ\V™ yı¶›>ÔV>k[.” ®[ÆÌ§•^·VÏ.

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∂kÏ >D √V¶o[ ÷Æ] ∂Ωl_ “ƒÏk¬Q” (®_ÈVDk_È ÷Á≈kV) ®[Æ xΩ¬˛≈VÏ.

ƒÏk¬QÏ √VΩB √V¶_Ô^ J[Æ ÿ√ÚD ∏ˆ°Ô·VÔ∂Á\Õm^·™. ∂kuÁ≈ cÈ˛B_, ∂≈¬ ºÔV‚√V|,g[*ÔD ®[≈ ∂Ω©√Á¶l_ √z›m 34 mÁ©∏ˆ°Ôπ[ ˇμ kˆÁƒ©√|›]•^·VÏ.

ƒÏk¬Qˆ[ J[Æ ∂Ω¬ ÔsÁ>ÔÁ·¬ Ô[™¶›]_“]ˆ√]” ®[Æ z§©∏|˛≈VÏÔ^. ®™ºk ÷kÏ “]ˆ√]B]ˆs¬´\[” ®[Æ E≈©A© ÿ√BÏ ÿ√u≈VÏ. √V\´\¬Ô”D AˆÕm ÿÔV^”D kÁÔl_ cBÏÕ> ÔÚ›m¬ÔÁ·®πB ÂÁ¶l_ >Õm^·VÏ. >ta_ ]Úk^”kÁ´©º√VÈ°D, ÿ>K∫˛_ ºk\ıVÁk© º√VÈ°DÔ[™¶›]_ ƒÏk¬QÏ s·∫z˛≈VÏ.

‘J¶Ï ’kV[ \Áw ÿ√Val–D Ôu√VÁ≈Bm

kV[ \ÁwÁB c‚ÿÔV^”º\V J¶Ú¬zD

TVD cÁ´©√m √È ƒÏk¬Q


º√Æ - ÿƒ_kD

x¬] - T|º√Æ

√ˆ] - ÛˆB[

]ˆ√] - J[Æ ∂Ω¬ ÔsÁ>

√¬] - ÿ>Fk©√uÆ

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√luE

I. ∏ˆ›ÿ>ømÔ :

ÿÂ|∫ÔVÈD =

zwÕÁ>© º√Æ =

kVøt¶D =

cÈ˛K^· =

ˇa_ÁÈ =

II. ºƒÏ›m ®ømÔ :

m≈° + ∂≈D =

zwÕÁ> + º√Æ =

ÿkπ + ∞§™VÏ =

∂ + ªˆ_ =


1. ƒÏk¬QÏ ÁÔÈVB›]_ .................. ®[≈ ÿ√Bˆ_÷ÚÕº>[ ®[Æ Ì§™VÏ.

2. ÷kÏ .................. kB]ºÈºB T‚Á¶s‚|ÿkπºB§™VÏ.

3. “ƒÏk¬Q” ®[≈ ÿƒV_o[ ÿ√VÚ^ ...............

4. ƒÏk¬Qˆ[ J[Æ ∂Ω¬ ÔsÁ>ÔÁ· Ô[™¶›]_................ ®[Æ z§©∏|˛≈VÏÔ^.

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IV. ∏[kÚD s™V¬Ô”¬z sÁ¶ >ÚÔ :

1. ƒÏk¬Qˆ[ ÿ√uº≈VÏ BVkÏ ?

...............................................................................

...............................................................................

2. ∂Á™›m \¬Ô”¬zD ÿ√VmkV™Ák ®Ák?

...............................................................................

...............................................................................

3. ƒÏk¬QÏ yı¶VÁ\ÁB ®]Ï›m¬Ì§•^·ÁkBVÁk ?

...............................................................................

...............................................................................

4. ƒÏk¬QÏ √VΩB √V¶_Ôπ[ J[Æ ÿ√ÚD∏ˆ°Ô^ ®Ák ?

...............................................................................

...............................................................................

5. ƒÏk¬Qˆ[ E≈©A© ÿ√BÏ ®[™ ? ∂ÀkVÆ ∞[∂Áw¬Ô©√|˛≈VÏ ?

...............................................................................

...............................................................................

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6. ƒÏk¬QÏ √V¶o[ ÷Æ] ∂ΩÁB ®ÀkVÆxΩ¬˛≈VÏ ?

...............................................................................

...............................................................................

V. s|√‚¶ ®ø›m¬ÔÁ· ®ømÔ :

VI. zøs_ ºƒ´V>Á>¬ ºÔVΩ‚|¬ ÔV‚|Ô :

1. √V´]BVÏ, √V´]>Vƒ[, ÔV\´VƒÏ, Ôı>Vƒ[.

2. >fiƒV∆Ï, Á\ÛÏ, √V>Vt, «D∏.

3. ÿ√∫ÔjÏ, ÿƒ[Á™, ]Úk™Õ>A´D, gÕ]´V.

4. ÔVÕ]BΩÔ^, Ô[™¶D, >tμ, ÿ>K∫z.

5. ]Úk^”kÏ, ºk\ıV, ƒÏk¬QÏ, ∂©m_ÔÈVD.

∂§Õm ÿÔV^Ô :

ƒV[º≈VÏ kVøt¶º\ AM>D>kÁ·, *[Ô^ cÁ≈•D ¿ÚD AM>º\V ?ÂsKD ƒV[º≈VÏ kVøt¶º\ AM>\VD.Ôk·xı ÿÂF Â[≈V>VÏ º√V_ ƒÏk¬Q

Û Ú

] √ ]

√ ƒ ´

] Ú ” Ï

A ¶ > > [

ƒ k ¬ Ï

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∂§ºk E≈Õ>m∂§s–D ÿ√ˆ]_ÁÈ >Vl–D a_ÁÈ.

√ˆ]l[ Œπ¬z WÔˆ_ÁÈ cÈ˛_

∂§ºk cBÏkVD ƒÏk¬Q.

]Ú ÷_ÈV s›Á> √B[ ÷_ÁÈ.

s|ÔÁ>Ô^1. ºƒ]kÚD ∏[º™, \ËºBVÁƒ kÚD x[º™ ∂m

- ®[™ ?2. E≈˛_ÈV\_ √≈ÕmkÚD, T| AzÕm ºƒ] >ÚD -

∂m ®[™ ?3. klu§_ ÿÂÚ©Á√ ∑\¬˛[≈V[, kluÆ¬z

ºƒVuÁ≈ ƒÁ\¬˛[≈V[ - ∂k[ BVÏ ?4. ∂^π¬ zΩ›>V_ >VÔD yÏ©º√[, gwD kÕ>V_

>›>π¬ÔÁk©º√[ - ÂV[ BVÏ ?5. ŒuÁ≈¬ ÔVÈ–¬z x[˚Æ √_kˆÁƒ - ∂k[ BVÏ?6. xΩ•¶[ ÷ÚÕ>V_ ÔıË_ÁÈ,

ÿ\V‚Á¶BΩ›>V_ J[Æ Ôı - ∂mBVÏ ?7. ÔΩ¬Ô› ÿ>ˆBV>k–¬z c¶Dÿ√_ÈVD √uÔ^ -

∂k[ BVÏ ?8. >Á´l_ ÷Ú©√V[, >ıßˆ_ t>©√V[ - ∂k[

BVÏ ?9. Ek©√VF ÷Ú©√V[, ÿ>Ús_ Wu√V[, ]≈Õ>kVF

J¶ \V‚¶V[ - ∂k[ BVÏ ?10. ÔVÁ>› ]Ú˛™V_ ÔÁ>ÿƒV_kV[ - ∂k[ BVÏ ?

sÁ¶ : 1) ÿ>VÁÈº√E, 2) >√V_ 3) ∂|©A, 4) >ıßÏ, 5)\¬ÔVfl ºƒV·D 6) º>∫ÔVF 7) Ê©A, 8) √¶z, 9) >√V_ ÿ√‚Ω10) º´ΩºBV.

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13. ∑uÆ©A≈© √VmÔV©A

º>∫˛ ÷Ú¬˛≈ ÿ>ÚºkV´› >ıß´V_yÁ\Ô^ kÕm ºƒÚD.

>V∫˛|D \M>º´ ! ƒuÆ ¿Ï EÕ]›m›>ıßÁ´© √VmÔV©¨Ï !

ÔVu§ºÈ AÁÔ#∑ ÔÈ©√Á>fl ∑kVE¬Ô¬ÔVƒºÂVF kÕm ºƒÚº\ !

AˆÕ>Á>› >|©√>V_ Øtl_ \M>Ï¬z©AmkVμ° \È´VzD !

T‚ΩKD ÿkπlKD #FÁ\ÁB¬ ÔV©√>V_ÿkπºBÆD ºÂVFÔ^ BV°D!

Ô¶Á\BVF› #FÁ\ÁB¬ ÔV©√>V_Ô¬˛ÈV ÷[√D ºƒÏ¬zD.

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√Õ>\VF¬ Ôa°Ô^ √¬Ô›]_ ÷Ú©√>V_√Ès> ºÂV•ı¶V¬zD.

√^·›Á>› º>VıΩºB ÷ÁkÔÁ· ÷|km√ı√V‚Á¶ k·Ï›m¬ÔV‚|D.

EÕ>Á™¬ z^πÁ> Ê´VÔÁk›]Ω[E≈©√VÔ kVwÁk¬zD.

kÕ>Á™¬ zˆB>VD ∑›>›Á> kVμ¬ÁÔl_\©√kÏ¬z ÷MÁ\ ºƒÏ¬zD.

- ÷´V. ÷´V>V Ú‚Ω[ÔsB´∫Ô¬ ÔsÁ>Ô^


EÕ]›m = WÁ™›m ; ∑kVE›>_ = Jfl∑s|>_.

#FÁ\ = ∑›>D ; Ô¬˛ÈV = ®ıo¬ÁÔBu≈

÷|km = º√V|km ; √Õ>D = ÿ>V¶ÏA

Ê´VÔ = ºÂÏ›]BVÔ ; Ák›]Ω[ = Ák›]ÚÕ>V_.

kÕ>Á™¬zˆB>VzD ; k¬Ô›]uzˆB>VzD.

I. s™V¬Ô”¬z sÁ¶Bπ :

1. º>∫˛•^· ¿´V_ cı¶VzD yÁ\Ô^ BVÁk ?

2. ∑uÆfl Ûw_ ∂∑›>\VzD ºkÆ√È ÛμWÁÈÔÁ·¬ÌÆÔ.

3. Ôa°ÔÁ· ®©√Ω ∂©A≈© √|›> ºkı|D ?

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4. T‚ΩKD ÿkπlKD #FÁ\ÁB¬ ÔV©√>V_ ®[™√B[ ?

5. ÔVuÆ \VƒÁ¶•D ºkÆ √È Ûw_ÔÁ·¬ ÌÆÔ.


1. ÔVu§_ AÁÔ, #∑ ÔÈ©√Á>fl ∑kVE›>V_ ..............kÚD.

2. ∑›>›Á> kVμ¬ÁÔl_ ÷Á©√kÏ¬z ................ºƒÏ¬zD.

3. T‚ΩKD, ÿkπlKD #FÁ\ÁB¬ ÔV©√>V_................... ÿkπºBÆD.

4. Ôa°Ô^ √¬Ô›]_ ÷ÚÕ>V_ √Ès> ...............cı¶V¬zD.

III. μ¬ÔVbD ÿƒVuÔ”¬z ∞u≈ ®mÁÔfl ÿƒVuÔÁ·®ømÔ :

(®.|) T‚ΩKD - ÂV‚ΩKD.

1. √Õ>D -

2. √^·D -

3. Ô¶Á\ -

4. E≈©A -

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IV. ŒÚ ÿƒV_K¬z©√È ÿ√VÚ^ ®ømÔ :

(®.|) √Ω

]∫Ô^

\Ë

V. ˇμ¬ÔVbD ÿƒVuÔ”¬zfl ƒˆBV™ ®]ÏflÿƒVuÔÁ·© √z]loÚÕm ®|›ÿ>øm :

Â[Á\ x .................

∂∑›>D x ...............

º\| x ................

m[√D x ...................

VI.∏ˆ›ÿ>ømÔ :

ÿ>ÚºkV´D ..................

√ı√V| .................

Am kVμ° ....................

ºÂV•ı¶V¬zD ..................

√Ω©√m

∂·©√m

√Ω¬Ô‚|

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................

....................

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14. ÂV[z ºÔVΩ(ÂV¶ÔD)

÷¶D : ºƒVw \[™M[ ∂´ƒÁk, ∂ÁkºBVÏ,\Õ]ˆÔ^, AÈkÏÔ^, zΩ\¬Ô^,

∂´ƒ[ : kVμÔ ºƒVwk·ÂV| ! k·ÏÔ >tμ !®[–Á¶B \™]_ ¿ı¶ ÂV‚Ô·VÔ ŒÏgÁƒ. ∂Á> ∂´ƒÁk AÈkÏÔ·V˛B ¿∫Ô^yÏ›m Ák¬Ô ºkı|D.

AÈkÏ- 1 : \V>D xD\Vˆ ÿ√Vakm >k§™VKD\V>D xøkmD \VˆBVÔ s·∫zD∂´ƒÏ¬z ∂´ºƒ! c∫Ô^ gÁƒÁB WÁ≈ºkuÆkm ®∫Ô·m >ÁÈBVB Ô¶Á\.

∂´ƒ[ : Â[§ AÈkÏÔº· ! Â[§. ¿∫Ô^ ÂVÁ·ÔVÁÈ¬z^ ÂV[z ºÔVΩ© √V¶_ÔÁ·ƒÁ√l_ √VΩ¬ÔV‚¶ ºkı|D ∂mºk ®[gÁƒ.

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(AÈkÏÔ^ ŒÚkÏ xÔ›Á> ŒÚkÏ√B›m¶–D, zw©√›m¶–D √VÏ›m¬ÿÔV^˛[≈™Ï)

∂´ƒ[ : AÈkÏÔº· ! ÷[Æ º√VF ÂVÁ· √V¶K¶[kVÚ∫Ô^.

ÔV‚E - 2

ë(AÈkÏÔ^ ºƒVÏÕ> xÔ›m¶[ kÕm ÿÔVıΩÚ©√Á>®]ˆ_ kÕ> Œ·ÁkBVÏ Ôı¶VÏ ∂kÏÔÁ·© √VÏ›m©º√ƒ› ÿ>V¶∫˛™VÏ.)

Œ·ÁkBVÏ : AÈkÏÔº· ! ¿TÏ kVμÔ ! c∫Ô·mxÔ∫Ôπ_ \ÈÏflE ÷_ÁÈºB !î ºƒVw\[™M[ g‚El_ AÈkÏÔπ[ xÔ∫Ôπ_ºƒVÔ\V ? ÔV´D BVm ? cÁ´©¨Ï !ºƒVwÂV‚Ω_ AÈkÏÔ^ ºƒVÏÕ]Ú©√º>V ?Ì¶Vº> !

AÈkÏ : kVøD >tºw ! ®∫Ô”Á¶B >tμ› >VºB !c∫ÔÁ· k∫z˛º≈VD.

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AÈkÏ 2 : ®∫Ô^ ∂´ƒÏ ÿ√Ú\V[ ÂVÁ· ÔVÁÈ¬z^

ÂV[z ºÔVΩ©√V¶_Ô^ √V¶ºkı|D ®™

gÁl‚|^·VÏ.

AÈkÏ 3 : ®_ºÈVÚD ºƒÏÕm ÷´ÿk_ÈVD Ôı

sa›m© √VΩ™VKD ÂV[z ºÔVΩ©

√V¶_ÔÁ·© √V¶ xΩ•\V ?

AÈkÏ 4 : ∂´ƒÚÁ¶B gÁÁB *≈ xΩ•\V ?

AÈkÏ 5 : ∂Á™kÚD ºƒÏÕm ÷´ÿk_ÈVD

√VΩ™VKD EÈ gl´D √V¶_Ô^ >Vº™

√V¶ xΩ•D.

AÈkÏ 6 : AÈÁ\ ÷Ú¬˛≈m ! g™V_ ÿ√Vøm ÷Ú¬Ô

ºkı|º\ ! Œ[≈V, ÷´ı¶V ÂV[z

ºÔVΩ© √V¶_Ô^.

Œ·ÁkBVÏ : ∂fiƒVyÏÔ^, ®™m ∂[A ÿÂfiƒ∫Ôº·

ÂV[z ºÔVΩ© √V¶_ÔÁ· ÂV[ √VΩ›

>Ú˛º≈[.

AÈkÏ 1 : ¿∫Ô^ ŒÚkÏ \‚|D ÂV[z ºÔVΩ©

√V¶_ÔÁ· ÂVÁ· ÔVÁÈ¬z^ ®©√Ω©

√VΩ xΩ¬Ô xΩ•D ?

Œ·ÁkBVÏ : ¿∫Ô^ ∂flƒ©√¶°D ºkı¶VD

ƒfiƒÈ©√¶°D ºkı¶VD. ÂVÁ·

ÔVÁÈkÁ´ ®[™? .... ÷[º≈ ÷©º√Vº>

÷∫ºÔºB √V|˛º≈[ ®ø]¬ ÿÔV^”∫Ô^.

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ëºÔV¶V– ºÔVΩ ÿÔV|©∏–D >[–Á¶ÂV¬ºÔV¶VÁ\ ºÔVΩ ÿ√ÆD.

ëŒÚÔV_ ÿƒ[Æ \]BV>VÏ xu≈D \]›m t]BVÁ\ºÔVΩ ÿ√ÆD.

ë cıßÏ cıßÏ ®[Æ ª‚¶V>VÏ \Á™l_cıVÁ\ ºÔVΩ ÿ√ÆD.

ºÔVΩ ÿÔV|›mD zΩ©∏≈Õ>VÏ >Dº\V| Ì|kmºÔVΩ ÿ√ÆD.

AÈkÏÔ^ : ! ÷m ®∫Ô”¬z s·∫ÔV\_ º√Vluº≈!

Œ·ÁkBVÏ : AÈkÏÔº· ! ÷Á>¬ ÿÔVı|º√VF ∂´ƒ[x[ √V|∫Ô^.

AÈkÏÔ^ : ∂DÁ\ºB ºÔVΩÿ√ÆD, ºÔVΩ ÿ√ÆD®[Æ ÂV[ºÔ z≈^ kΩk©√V¬Ôπ_√VΩBÁ> ∂´ƒ[ ∞uÆ¬ ÿÔV^kVº™V ?

Œ·ÁkBVÏ : ÔkÁÈ©√¶ ºkı¶VD, AÈkÏÔº·! ÿku§c∫Ô”Á¶Bm! ÿƒ[Æ kVÚ∫Ô^.

ÔV‚E 3

÷¶D : ∂´ƒÁk

(∂´ƒ[, AÈkÏÔ^, ∂Á\flƒÏ \uÆD \¬Ô^.x>ÈVº™VÏ)

kVlu ÔVkÈ[ : kVμÔ ! ∂´ºƒ ! k·ÏÔ ºƒVw ÂV|.

(kVlu ÔVkÈ[ ∂´ƒÁ™© √ËÕm)

>∫ÔÁ·¬ ÔV© AÈkÏ ÿ√Ú\¬Ô^kÕm^·™Ï.

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∂´ƒ[ : c^º· k´fl ÿƒV_.

(AÈkÏÔ^ ∂´ƒÁk¬z^ kÕm ŒÁ·kBVˆ[ÂV[z ºÔVΩ© √V¶ÁÈ© √VΩ™Ï)

∂´ƒ[ : Â[Æ ! AÈkÏÔº·! ÷m, ¿∫Ô^ √VΩB√V¶ÈVÔ› º>V[≈s_ÁÈºB √VΩBm BVÏ ?tÔ Â[≈VÔ c^·m.

AÈkÏÔ^ :ÂV∫Ô^ ÿƒFk>§BVm sa›m¬ÿÔVıΩÚ¬ÁÔl_ Œ·ÁkBVÏ>V[®∫Ô”¬ÔVÔ ÷©√V¶ÁÈ© √VΩ™VÏ.

∂´ƒ[ : ! Œ·ÁkBV´V ! ®[™ gflƒˆBD! ÂV[ c¶º™√VÏ¬Ô ºkı|D. kVÚ∫Ô^, ∂kÁ´ ∂Áw›mkÚºkVD. ÂV[ ∂©ÿ√Vøº> WÁ™›º>[÷›>ÁÔB ÔÚ›mÁ¶B √V¶ÁÈ Œº´ ÷´s_∂k´V_ >V[ √V¶ xΩ•D.

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ÔV‚E 4

∂´ƒ[ : (E´D >Vμ›]) >tμ› >VºB ! k∫z˛º≈[>∫ÔÁ· ÷flºƒVw ÂV| k´ºku˛≈m.

Œ·ÁkBVÏ : Â_Èm \[™V, c[ ÂV| >Áw¬Ô‚|D ! >tμk·´‚|D !

(∂´ƒ[ Œ·ÁkBVÚ¬z ÿ√V[–D ÿ√VÚ”DkVˆ kw∫˛ \˛μÕ>V[)

AÈkÏÔ^ :®D ÿ√ÚÁ\ÁB¬ ÔV›> Œ·Ák©∏´V‚ΩºB¿˘a ÔVÈD kVμT´VÔ ! ¿∫Ô^ AÈkÏÔ”¬ÿÔ_ÈVD AÈkÏ.

I. ∂ÚfiÿƒVu ÿ√VÚ^ :

1. xD\Vˆ = \V>›]_ J[Æ xÁ≈ \Áw ÿ√Va•D

2. xÔ\ÈÏflE = \˛μflEl™V_ xÔD \ÈÏº√V_\ÈÏ>_

3. cÁ´©¨Ï = ÿƒV_TÏ

4. ∂fiƒV yÏÔ^ = √B©√¶VyÏÔ^

5. Û[B\_È = ÿku§¶\_È

6. ÔV¬Ô = ÔV©√Vu≈

7. ÿÂfiƒ∫Ôº· = ÷>B∫Ôº·

8. ƒfiƒÈD = \™¬ÔÈ¬ÔD

9. cıßÏ = c° ƒV©∏|∫Ô^

10. ŒÚÔV_ = ŒÚ ºkÁ·

11. zΩ©∏≈Õ>VÏ = Â_È zΩl_ ∏≈Õ>VÏ

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12. s·∫ÔV\_ = AˆBV\_.

13. √¬] = ÿ>Fk©√uÆ

II. Œo ÂBfl ÿƒVuÔ^ :

1. \]BV>VÏ

2. t]BVÁ\


1. ®™m \™]_ ............... ÂV‚Ô·VÔ ŒÚ gÁƒ.

2. c∫Ô·m ............. \ÈÏflE ÷_ÁÈºB.

3. ÂVÁ· ÔVÁÈ¬z^ ............... ºÔVΩ

√V¶_ÔÁ·©√V¶ ºkı|D.

4. AÈkÏ .............. ºƒVÔ\V !

5. Œ·ÁkBVÚ¬z ................. kVˆkw∫˛

\˛μÕ>V[.


1. \]BV>VÏ = ...............................

2. ºƒVÏÕ]Ú©√º>V = ...............................

3. ÷´ÿk_ÈVD = ...............................

4. Û[B\_È = ...............................

5. ºƒVw\[™[ = ...............................

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V. ºƒÏ›ÿ>ømÔ :

1. zΩ + ∏≈Õ>VÏ = .........................

2. >[ + cÁ¶B = .........................

3. ºÔVΩ + ÿ√ÆD = .........................

4. kVl_ + ÔVkÈ[ = .........................

5. ®∫z + ÷Ú¬˛≈VÏ = .........................

VI. s™V¬Ô”¬z sÁ¶ >ÚÔ :

1. ºƒVw ∂´ƒM[ gÁƒ BVm ?

√]_ : ........................................................................

........................................................................

2. AÈkÏÔ^ ºƒVÔ\Á¶B¬ ÔV´D BVm ?

√]_ : ........................................................................

........................................................................

3. Œ·ÁkBVÏ AÈkÏÔπ¶D BVm Ì§™VÏ ?

√]_ : ........................................................................

........................................................................

4. Œ·ÁkBVÏ √VΩB ÂV[z ºÔVΩ© √V¶_ÔÁ· ®ømÔ.

√]_ : ........................................................................

........................................................................

5. ∂´ƒÏ Œ·ÁkBVÚ¬z kw∫˛Bm BVm ?

√]_ : ........................................................................

........................................................................

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VII. c™¬z› ÿ>ˆÕ> A_kÏÔπ[ ÿ√BÏÔÁ·®ømÔ:

1. .......................

2. .......................

3. .......................

4. .......................

5. .......................

IX.∂Á¶©AÔπ_ c^· ®ø›m¬ÔÁ·¬ Ô‚¶›]_∂Ω›ms‚| \Á≈Õm^· √≈Ák ∂_ÈmsÈ∫˛[ ÿ√BÁ´ Ôı|∏Ω :

(√. B. k. ) (>. ¶. Ô. ƒ)

´ B ´ _ Ô ¶ kV ƒ

B \ k ´ > ƒ Ô ¶

´ B √ k ƒ › > Ô

k ´ l √ ¶ ƒ > m

(®.Ô) \l_ sÁ¶ ...................(¿. w. È. ≈) (Â. ·. ™. ˇ)

Ô ¿ È ≈ Â · ˇ ™

≈ w ¿ Ω ˇ ™ \V ·

È ¿ w ≈ · ™ Â ˇ

≈ ´ È w ˇ · [ Â

sÁ¶ : ................. sÁ¶ : .................

ÔD√Ï

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X. ∂§Õm ÿÔV^Ô :

EÈ ∂ØÏk ∂Á\©A

* ÿk‚|¬˛π¬z ÔVmÔ^ ÔVo_ c^·™.

* Âı|Ô”¬z© √uÔ^ klu§_ c^·™.

XI.¡ÁkBVÁ´ √u§ nÕm ÿƒVuÿ≈V¶ÏÔ^ ®ømÔ:

ÿƒB_Ô^ 1

* ‘ÂV[z ºÔVΩ’ ÂV¶Ô›Á> cÏflE•¶[ ÂΩ¬Ô.

* cıÁ\, ∂[A, ÂV‚|√uÆ, ∂˛DÁƒ º√V[≈√ıAÔÁ· s·¬zD ÂV‚|©√uÆ \uÆDÂV‚|©A≈¬ ÔÁ>ÔÁ· ÂΩ›m¬ ÔV‚|Ô.

* ÿ>VÁÈ¬ÔV‚El_ Ôı|Ôπ›> ÂV¶Ô∫ÔÁ·ÂΩ›m¬ ÔV‚|Ô.

* T´√VıΩB Ô‚¶ÿ√VD\[ º√V[≈ T´ÏÔπ[kVμÁk ÂV¶Ô\V¬˛ ÂΩ›m¬ÔV‚|Ô.

Ôu≈o[ ºÔ‚¶ºÈ Â[Æ.

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2. º>ÿ™V›> √ı¶∫Ô^ ÿÔVı| - ®[™

ÿƒF>VKD ®‚¶V> cB´›]_ Ák©√V[.

\Vÿ™V›> ÿ√ıΩ ®[√V[ - ƒuÆ

\™\˛øD ºÂ´›]ºÈ˛^π s|kV[.

(-y´V>)

3. ∂wz^· \ÈÏ ÿÔVı| kÕº> - ®[Á™

∂w ∂wfl ÿƒF>∏[ ÔıÁ JΩÿÔV^

zwoºÈ Û‚|ºk[ ®[√V[ - ®[Á™¬

zÚ¶V¬˛ \ÈˆÁ™› º>Va¬z Ák©√V[.

(-y´V>)

4. ∏[™ÁÈ© ∏[M[§ø©√V[ : - >ÁÈ

∏[º™ ]ÚDAx[º™flÿƒ[Æ \Á≈kV[

kı©Amfl ºƒÁÈ >MºÈ - Aø]

kVˆfl ÿƒVˆÕº> kÚ›]¬ zÁÈ©√V[

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5. A_ÈV∫ zw_ ÿÔVı| kÚkV[ :- ∂x>

ÿ√V∫˛› >mD√Âu >D √Ω©√V[ ;

Ô^·V_ \B∫zkm º√VºÈ - ∂Á>¬

ÔıJΩ kVF ]≈Õº> ºÔ‚ΩÚ©º√VD.

(-y´V>)

6. ∂∫ÔVÕ ]Ú¬zD kVF>MºÈ - Ôı[

gº≈ø Ô‚ÿ¶ÆD Á√© º√V‚| s|kV[.

®∫ÔV˛KD √VÏ›>mıº¶V ? - Ôı[.

®∫ÔÁ·fl ÿƒF˛[≈ ºkΩ¬ÁÔ ÿBV[º≈V

(-y´V>)

- \ÔVÔs √V´]BVÏ

BVmD ªº´, BVkÚD ºÔπÏ,ymD Â[ÆD ∏≈Ï>´ kV´V!

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s|ÔÁ>Ô^

1. \´›]_ cBÏÕ>\´D

zΩ¬Ôfl ∑Ák¿Ï >ÚD - ∂m®[™ ?

2. √flÁƒ W≈›>w˛

√k·kVFflEˆ©√w˛

x›mfl ÿƒV_Èw˛ - ÂV[ BVÏ ?

3. ŒÚ\´›m¬z

gl´D #ıÔ^ - ∂m ®[™ ?

4. √Ôo_ ÿ>ˆBV\_

÷´s_ ÿ>ˆºk[ - ∂m ®[™ ?

5. ®™¬z›>ÁÈ Œ[Æ

ÔıÔ^ J[Æ - ÂV[ BVÏ ?

6. √≈©º√[ !

ÿkπflƒxD ÿÔV|©º√[ - ÂV[ BVÏ ?

7. k‚¶ kΩkwÔ[

kÕ>Vº™ ÔVÁÈlºÈ

®‚¶ W[Æ º√ƒV\ºÈ

ÿƒ[≈Vº™ \VÁÈlºÈ - ∂m ®[™ ?

8. gl´D º√Ï ÿƒF> ∂wÔV™ \ı¶√D

ŒÚk[ Ôı√‚¶º√Vm cÁ¶Õ>>VD \ı¶√D

- ∂m ®[™?

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9. ŒÚ ÿÂ_ z›]º™[

Tÿ¶_ÈVD ct - ∂m ®[™ ?

10. ªÚ¬ ÿÔ_ÈVD

Œº´ m©√‚Ω - ∂m ®[™ ?

ƒˆBV™ sÁ¶ÁB› º>ÏÕÿ>|¬Ô°D.

1. kV™D, 2. º>[Ì|, 3. ÷·¿Ï, 4. Â‚ƒ›]´∫Ô^, 5.ÛˆB[, 6. gÈ\´D, 7. ÿ\øz kÏ›] 8. ˛π,9. º>∫ÔVF, 10. t[tM©ØflE.

\Vu≈∫ÔÁ·¬ Ôı|∏Ω∫Ô !

6 \Vu≈∫Ô^ c^·™. ∂Ák :

1. .............. 4. ..............

2. .............. 5. ..............

3. .............. 6. ..............

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I. ˇμ¬ ÔVbD s™V¬Ô”¬z sÁ¶Bπ :1. ÔVÕ]› >V›>Vs[ ÷´ı| z∫Ô^ BVÁk ?

sÁ¶.............................................................................

.............................................................................2. ÔVÕ] ÿƒV[™ kaÔÁ·¬ ÔÁ¶©∏Ω›>V_ ®[™

gzD ?sÁ¶

.............................................................................

.............................................................................3. ∂˛DÁƒÁB¬ ÔÁ¶©∏Ω©√>V_ ∞u√|D √B[Ô^

BVÁk ?sÁ¶

.............................................................................

.............................................................................

II. ºÔVΩ‚¶ ÷¶∫ÔÁ· W´©AÔ :1. ÔıËu E≈Õ> ............. ÔÚ] kVμÕ>VÏ.

2. ƒVÕ] ®∫zD WÈs¶ .............. kaÔÁ·¬ÔÁ¶©∏Ω¬Ô ºkı|D.

3. ÔVÕ]› >V›>V ................ t¬Ô >V›>V.

4. \ıË_ ®_ºÈVÏ kVμsuz kaÔV‚ΩBkÏ .......

III. W´©AÔ :(®-|) ƒVÕ] ®∫zD WÈs|D.1. ∂[A ∫˛ ..............2. ÷[√ kVμ° ............3. ∞Áw m[√D ............4. ∂˛DÁƒ ®[ÆD ............5. cÈ˛_ ∂Á\] .............

6. ÔÚÁ ÿk^·D ............

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1. ®[ÿ≈[ÆD ...................

2. ÔıËu E≈Õ> ................

3. ÔÁ¶© ∏Ω›m ................

4. ∂˛DÁƒ ÿB[ÆD ...............

5. cÈ˛ÈÁ\] .................

6. ÔÚÁ•^·D ...............

V. ºÔVΩ‚¶ ÿƒV_K¬z ∞u≈ ®]ÏflÿƒV_ÁÈ¬ºÔVΩ‚¶ ÷¶›]_ ®ømÔ :

1. ∂˛DÁƒ kal_ ÿƒ[≈V_ ÷[√ kVμ° ÿ√Ú˛|D.

÷DÁƒ kal_ ÿƒ[≈V_ ............. kVμ° ÿ√Ú˛|D.

2. ÔVÕ] kal_ Â¶Õ>V_ cÈ˛_ ∂Á\] ∞u√|D.

............ BV°D ŒaÕ]|D.

VI.ˇø^· ÿƒVuÔÁ·© √B[√|›] cDÿƒVÕ>kV¬˛B›]_ ®ømÔ :

1. ƒVÕ] ............................................................

......................................................................

2. ƒ›]BD .........................................................

......................................................................

3. ∂˛DÁƒ .........................................................

......................................................................

4. ÔÈÔD ............................................................

.......................................................................

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5. ÔÚÁ .........................................................

......................................................................

VII. ˇºw c^· ∂Á¶©AÔπoÚÕm ƒˆBV™sÁ¶ÁB ®|›ÿ>ømÔ.

(E∫ÔD xw∫˛B>V_ ; zπÏ tzÕ>>V_ ; ;ÛˆB[\Á≈Õ>>V_ ; √E ®|›>>V_ ; ÿ√Ú\Áw©ÿ√F>>V_)

1. ...................... zwÕÁ> ∂ø>m.

2. ...................... c¶_ Â|∫˛Bm.

3. ..................... ÿk^·D kÕ>m.

4. ..................... sÈ∫zÔ^ √BÕm Ω™.

VIII. √Ω›m©√VÏ¬Ô :

\V[ ŒÚ ÔV‚| sÈ∫z. ÷>uz∂w˛B ÿÔVDAÔ^ cı|. ÷m tÔ°DºkÔ\VÔ |D. ÷m >Vk´ cıË.\V[Ôπ_ A^π\V[, ÔÁÈ\V[ ®™√ÈkÁÔ•ı|.

÷Á>©º√VÈ ∏[kÚD sÈ∫zÔÁ·©√u§ ®ømÔ.

√∑ z]Á´

........................... ............................

........................... .............................

........................... .............................

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17. Ô¶_(cÁ´BV¶_)

∂[Æ E›>Á´ \V>D, ÿ√eÏt WÈ° Œπ TE¬ÿÔVıΩÚÕ>m. \∫Ô”Ï¬ Ô¶uÔÁ´l_ \VkÏÔ”DgEˆBÏÔ”D Ô¶o[ ∂wÁÔ¬ Ôı| \˛μÕm÷´E›m¬ÿÔVıΩÚÕ>VÏÔ^. ∂ÁÈÔ^ ÔÁ´¬z kÚkmDÿƒ_km\VÔ ÷ÚÕ>™. ∂¬ÔV‚EÁB¬ ÔV¬Ôı ºÔVΩºkı|D.

∂©ÿ√Vøm \VkÏÔ^, gEˆBÏÔ”¶[ cÁ´BV¶›ÿ>V¶∫˛™Ï.

√VK : ∂©√©√V ...... Œ[≈[∏[ Œ[≈VÔ ®›>Á™∂ÁÈÔ^! ÷Ák ®©√Ω cı¶V˛[≈™ nBV ?

gEˆBÏ : Ô¶o[ º\u√z]l_ ®©º√VmD ÔVuÆTE¬ ÿÔVıΩÚ¬zD ∂>™V_ ∂ÁÈÔ^cı¶V˛[≈™

ºÔV∏ : Ô¶K¬z^”D ∂ÁÈÔ^ ÷Ú¬z\V nBV ?

gEˆBÏ : Ô¶K¬z ∂Ωl_ ∂ÁÈÔ^ ÷Ú¬ÔVm.Ô¶_ ∂ÁÈÔ^ ÷_ÈV\_ ∂Á\]BVÔ÷Ú¬zD.

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c\V : (Ô¶_ ¿Á´¬ zΩ›m© √VÏ›m) nBV, Ô¶_¿Ï ∞[ c©√VÔ c^·m ?

gEˆBÏ : WÈ›]_ √ΩÕm^· c©A¬Ô^, gÆÔ^JÈ\VÔ ∂Ω›mfl ÿƒ_È©√‚|¬ Ô¶o_ºƒÏ˛[≈™. Ô¶_ ¿Ï gsBV˛¬ ÿÔVıº¶÷Ú¬˛≈m. c©A \‚|D Ô¶oºÈºB>∫˛s|˛≈m. ÷>™V_>V[ Ô¶_¿Ï c©√VÔc^·m.

∂x>V : Ô¶K¬z^ ®[ÿ™[™ c^·™? ÌÆ∫Ô^nBV!

gEˆBÏ : \VkÏÔº· ! Øtl[ º\oÚ©√Á>©º√V[º≈ Ô¶oKD √VÁ≈Ô^, \ÁÈÔ^\uÆD gÆÔ^ ÷Ú¬zD. ∂∫z kıkı *[Ô^, ∑≈V¬Ô^, Ô¶_ gÁ\Ô^,Ô¶uz]Á´Ô^, ¶V_‡∏[Ô^, Â‚ƒ›]´gÁ\Ô^, ]t∫ÔÈ∫Ô^ \uÆD √_ºkÆkÁÔBV™ Ô¶u√VDAÔ”D c^·™.

JÏ›] : nBV ! Ô¶uÔÁ´l_ ÔV©√|D OıËB\_ ®∫˛ÚÕm ®©√Ω cı¶VluÆ.

gEˆBÏ : Ô¶uÔÁ´l_ c^· √VÁ≈Ô^ \uÆD Ô¶o_c^· √VÁ≈Ôπ[ ∂ˆ©∏™VKD Â]Ô^ÿÔVı|kÚD \ıË™VKDcÚkV™m>V[ ÷Õ> OıËB \_.

‘√V : Ô¶o[ gwD ®Àk·° ®[Æ ÿƒV_ÈxΩ•\V ? nBV ?

gEˆBÏ : ..... ÿƒV_ÈÈVº\ ! cÈ˛ºÈºB tÔgw\V™ Ô¶u √z] ºƒÈfiÎœ©, ÷>–¶BgwD 31,614 ∂ΩÔ^ ÷\B \ÁÈºB JμzD∂·°¬z ÷©√z] gwD. √E∏¬ \ÔVÔ¶o_ c^·m.

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\VkÏ : Â[§ nBV ! Ô¶ÁÈ© √u§ ÂV∫Ô^ EÈÿƒF]ÔÁ· ∂§Õm ÿÔVıº¶VD.

gEˆBÏ : Â_Èm, ®[ \Vkfl ÿƒ_k∫Ôº· ! \M>kVμ¬ÁÔl_ Ô¶_Ô”D ƒx›]´∫Ô”D,x¬˛B √∫˛Á™ k˛¬˛[≈™. ga÷Á≈kÁ™ ∂Ω›ÿ>Vøm ÂVD k∫˛kVμ›mºkV\VÔ !

ö\¯Ø£õk :

1. clˆ™∫Ô^

2. PhÀ ÁõÌ E°›Ú[PøÍ ÁmhªkP.

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√Ω¬Ô : E›]Á´ \V>D ÿ√eÏt WÈ°. ÔV Ôı ºÔVΩ

ºkı|D.

Ô¶K¬ÔΩl_ ∂ÁÈÔ^ ÷Ú¬ÔVm, Ô¶_ ¿ÏgsBV˛¬ ÿÔVıº¶ ÷Ú¬˛≈m.

cÈ˛ºÈºB tÔ gw\V™ Ô¶u √z] ºƒÈfiÎ œ©.

Ô¶o_ ÷Ú¬zD clˆ™∫Ô^ \uÆD ÿ√VÚ‚Ôπ[√¶∫ÔÁ· kÁ´Ô.

I. s™V¬Ô”¬z sÁ¶>ÚÔ :1. Ô¶_ ∂ÁÈÔ^ ®ÀkVÆ cı¶V˛[≈™ ?

...............................................................................

...............................................................................

2. ®∫z ∂ÁÈÔ^ ÷Ú¬ÔVm ?..............................................................................................................................................................

3. Ô¶_ ¿Ï ∞[ c©√VÔ c^·m ?..............................................................................................................................................................

4. Ô¶K¬z^ ÷Ú¬zD ¿ÏkVμ ∏´VËÔ^ BVÁk ?..............................................................................................................................................................

5. Ô¶uÔÁ´l_ OıËB \_ ®ÀkVÆcı¶VluÆ ?..............................................................................................................................................................

6. Ô¶o[ gw\V™ √z] ®∫z^·m ? gwD ®Àk·°?..............................................................................................................................................................

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II. ºÔVΩ‚¶ ÷¶∫ÔÁ· W´©AÔ :1. ∂¬ÔV‚EÁB¬ ÔV .............. ºÔVΩ ºkı|D2. Ô¶o[ º\u√z]l_ ®©º√VmD ............ TE¬

ÿÔVıΩÚ¬zD.3. Ô¶_ ¿Ï ................. ÷Ú¬zD.4. ºƒÈfiÎœ©∏[ gwD ................. ∂ΩÔ^5. ºƒÈfiÎœ© ............... \ÔV Ô¶o_ c^·m.

III. ºƒÏ›ÿ>ømÔ :1. º\_ + √z] = º\u√z]2. Ô¶_ + c^ =3. √È + ºkÆ =4. ∂Ω + ÿ>Vøm =5. √ΩÕm + c^· =6. \™D + ÷[§ =

IV. zøs_ ºƒ´V>Á> k‚¶t‚|¬ÔV‚|Ô : x›m, √k·D, Ák´D, c©A. ÛˆB[, ƒÕ]´[, Â‚ƒ›]´D, º\ÔD. ÿkıÁ¶, >V\Á´, ∂_o, º´V¤V. Ô©√_, º√ÚÕm, s\V™D, \V‚|kıΩ ˛ˆ¬ÿÔ‚, «V¬˛, ÿ>VÁÈ¬ÔV‚E, ÁÔ©√Õm.

V. ÿÔV|¬Ô© √‚ΩÚ¬zD ÿƒV_K¬zˆB ®]ÏflÿƒV_ÁÈ© √V¶© √z]loÚÕm ®|›m W´©AÔ :1. zwÕÁ>Ô”¬z¬ Ô¶_ ®[≈VºÈ Œº´ .............

(ÔkÁÈ)2. ∂ÁÈÔ^ ÷_ÈV\_ Ô¶_ (gÏ©√ˆ¬zD) .............3. Ô¶_ ¿Ï ................ ÷Ú¬zD (∑Ák)4. ºƒÈfiÎœ© tÔ°D ................. (º\|)5. Ô¶ÁÈ© √u§ .................. ÿƒF]ÔÁ· ∂§Õº>VD

(EÈ)

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VI.ÿƒV_ ∂‚Á¶ÔÁ· ÷Á›m› ÿ>V¶ÏÔÁ·cÚkV¬˛ ®ømÔ :

......................................................................

......................................................................

......................................................................

.......................................................................

Ô¶o_ kVøD Â‚ƒ›]´ *[Ôπ[ c¶o_JÁ· ®[≈ √z] ˛Á¶BVm.

ºÂuÆ ÷[Æ ÿƒ[º≈VD

Ô¶uÔÁ´¬z ƒÕÁ>¬z

ÂVÁ· ÈV_√V¬ ÿƒ_ºkVD

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18. ºƒk_ Ì°m

ºƒk_ Ì°m, ÔVÔD ÔÁ´•mÿƒ∫Ô]º´V[ kÚD ºÂ´tmgÔV ! ÷[–D #∫˛¶ÈV\V !∂]ÔVÁÈlºÈ Ôı sa©º√VD !

ÔVÁÈl_ ]™D √Ω©√]™VºÈÔ_º\_ ®ø›ÿ>™© √]BV>V!ºkÁÈºBV| \™ ºkÔxD ºƒÏÕ>V_ºkı|D ÿ√VÚ^ ÁÔ Ì¶V>V !

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>ÕÁ> >VF zÚ ÿ>FkD ÿ√ˆºBVÏ>∫ÔÁ· ∂[√VF k∫˛|ºkVDEÕÁ>¬ ˛M>VD ÿƒÕ>tμÔÁÈÔ^º>ÏÕº> ÂÈD ÿ√≈ kVμºkVº\ !

- ]Ú A. g. x›m ˛Ú‚Ω[.


ÔÁ´•m = Ì©∏|˛≈m

ÿƒ∫Ô]º´V[ = ÛˆB[, √ˆ].

ÿ√VÚ^ = ÿƒ_kD

EÕÁ> = ∂§°

º>ÏÕº> = º>Ï° ÿƒFº>

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√luE

I. sÁ¶Bπ¬Ô :

1. ºƒk_ Ì°D ºÂ´D ®m ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

2. ]™D ÔVÁÈl_ ®[™ ÿƒFBºkı|D ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

3. ºkı|D ÿ√VÚ^ ®©º√Vm ÁÔ Ì|D ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................

4. BVÏ BVÁ´ k∫Ô ºkı|D ?

sÁ¶........................................................................

........................................................................


1. ÿƒ∫Ô]º´V[ c]¬zD ºÂ´D ..................

2. ............. l_ Ôı sa¬Ô ºkı|D.

3. \™]u˛MBm ................ ÔÁÈÔ^.

4. >ÕÁ> >VF ................ ÿ>FkD.

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III. Œ›> ŒoÂBfl ÿƒVuÔÁ·© √V¶ooÚÕm ®ømÔ:

1. ÔVÁÈ - ºkÁÈ

........... - ...........

........... - ...........

ÿƒB_ xÁ≈ :

\VkÏÔ^ ÷´ı| zø¬Ô·VÔ© ∏ˆB ºkı|D.

ŒÚ zøs™Ï 10 ÿ√BÏ ÿƒVuÔÁ· Œ[≈[ ∏[Œ[≈VÔ¬ Ì≈ ºkı|D.

÷[ÿ™VÚ zøs™Ï ÷©ÿ√BÏ ÿƒVuÔ”¬z ∞u≈∂Á¶ ÿ\VaÔÁ·fl ºƒÏ›m¬ Ì≈ºkı|D.(®-|) º√∑D ˛π ; √Ú›> \´D ; cBÏÕ> \M>[.

÷©ÿ√Vøm ÷´ıV¶D zøs™Ï 10 sÁ™flÿƒVuÔÁ·¬ Ì≈ ºkı|D(®-|) ®ø]™V[, √VΩ™V[, º√EBm.

x>u zøs™Ï ∂>uºÔu√ ∂Á¶ ÿ\VaÔÁ·flºƒÏ›m¬ Ì≈ ºkı|D.(®-|) ∂wÔVÔ ®ø]™V[, ÿ>πkVÔ© √VΩ™V[.

ÿÔVfiE© º√EBm.

∂]Ô \]©ÿ√ıÔ^ ÿ√u≈ zøsuz ÿku§

ÛˆB[ c]¬zD x[ ºƒk_ Ì°D.

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1. ÔÚÁ ÔV‚|∫Ô^ ®[–D ÔÁ>ÁB© √Ω›m,s™V¬Ô”¬z sÁ¶Bπ¬Ô.

√^π \VkÏÔÁ· gEˆBÏ ∑uÆÈV ∂Áw›mflÿƒ[≈VÏ. kal_ ŒÚz·›]uzfl ÿƒ[≈™Ï. ∂∫z WÁ≈B>kÁ·Ô^ ÷ÚÕ>™. \VkÏÔ^ ÷ÚkÏ ∂∫z ˛Á¶›>ÔuÔÁ·¬ ÿÔVı|, >kÁ·Ô^ *m ®§B› ÿ>V¶∫˛™Ï.>kÁ·Ô^ mΩ mΩ›>™. ∂∫z kÕ> gEˆBÏ \VkÏÔ^Ô_ ®§kÁ>› >|›m, ∂§°Á´ Ì§™VÏ. \VkÏÔº·!∏´VËÔ”D |®ø©© º√V_ clÚ^·Ák. AÁØøÓ

m[AÆ›>¬ Ì¶Vm. AÁØ§h® ÔÚÁ•¶[ Â¶ÕmÿÔV^· ºkı|D ®[≈VÏ ?

1. √^π \VkÏÔ^ ®∫zflÿƒ[≈™Ï ?

2. z·›]_ ®[™ √VÏ›>™Ï ?

3. ®ku§[ *m Ô_ ®§B› ÿ>V¶∫˛™Ï ?

4. gEˆBÏ Ì§B ∂§°Á´ BVm ?

5. ÷¬ÔÁ>l[ JÈD ¿∫Ô^ ∂§Õm ÿÔVı¶ÿ>[™ ?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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kıD y‚|Ô.

˛Æ¬ÔÈVÔ›ÿ>ˆ•D √¶›]_ ŒÚ Ø \Á≈Õm^·mÔı|∏Ω•∫Ô^.

Â‚ƒ›]´D c^· √z]¬z º´V¸ kıxD A^πc^· √z]¬z √flÁƒ kıxD y‚|∫Ô^.

sÁ¶

>ıßˆ_ kVø˛[≈ *[ ∂Á> s¶ cBÏÕ>√VoºÈ kVøD√Ω ÿÔfiE™VKD kVwVm,

kVw°D xΩBVm.

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19. √^π gı| swV

√^πlºÈ gı| swV√Ω¬zD \VkÏ ]ÚswVm^π ÂV∫Ô^ ˛·D∏‚º¶VD#B gÁ¶Ô^ ∂ËÕ]‚º¶VD !

E≈©A sÚÕ]™Ï kÕ>mDE≈©√VF ÂV∫Ô^ k´ºkuº≈VDÿ√VÆ©√VF Â¶¬zD WÔμ°Ôπ_®∫Ô^ ]≈Á\ÁB¬ ÔV‚Ω|ºkVD !

º√fl∑© º√V‚Ω ÔsÁ>© º√V‚Ω√u√È º√V‚Ωl_ ÿk[§|ºkVDJfl∑©√luE º√V‚ΩBV™ºBVÔVsKD ƒV]›]| ºkVD !

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kÕ> sÚÕ]™Ï \˛μÕ]|kVÏckÁÔ zπ´ kVμ›]|kVÏ÷Õ>© √^π E≈Õ>m ®[º≈÷MB xΩÁk¬ Ì§|kVÏ.

- Ô[M¬ ºÔVs_ ÷´V¤V


#B = #FÁ\BV™; E≈©A = º\[Á\; m^π = z]›m;WÔμ°Ôπ_ = WÔμflEÔπ_; ckÁÔ = \˛μflE.

√luE

I. sÁ¶Bπ¬Ô :

1. √Ω¬zD \Vkˆ[ ]ÚswV ®m ?

2. E≈©A sÚÕ]™Á´ ®ÀkVÆ k´ºku≈™Ï ?

3. gı| swVsuÔVÔ ÂÁ¶ÿ√u≈ º√V‚ΩÔ^BVÁk?

4. kÕ> sÚÕ]™Ï √^πÁB©√u§¬ Ì§Bm BVm ?


1. m^π ÂV∫Ô^ ..................

2. ®∫Ô^ ................ ÔV‚Ω|ºkVD.

3. √u√È© º√V‚Ωl_ ....................

4. ÷Õ> √^π E≈Õ>ÿ>[≈ ................... xΩÁk¬Ì§|kVÏ.

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1. ˛·D∏‚º¶VD.

2. ÔsÁ>© º√V‚Ω

3. √u√È

4. kVμ›]|kVÏ.

IV. ®]Ïfl ÿƒVuÔÁ· ®ømÔ :

1. #B x .................

2. ckÁÔ x .................

3. ÷MB x .................

4. \˛μÕm x .................

kVÔ™∫Ôπ[ ÿ√BÏÔÁ· ®ømÔ.

.............................. ..............................

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.............................. ..............................

.............................. ..............................

.............................. ..............................

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20. s≈z ÿk‚Ω•D k™º>kÁ>•D

ŒÚ ÔV‚Ω_ ŒÚ s≈zÿk‚Ω ŒÚ \´›Á> ÿk‚Ω¬ÿÔVı| ÷ÚÕ>V[. ∂Õ> \´D Ï gu§[ ÔÁ´l_÷ÚÕ>m. \´›Á> ÿk‚|Dº√Vm ÁÔl_ ÷ÚÕ> ºÔV¶Vˆ>k§ guÆ¬z^ søÕm s‚¶m. gÆ tÔ°D gw\VF÷ÚÕ>√ΩBV_ >ıßÚ¬z^ ÷≈∫˛, ∂k™V_ºÔV¶VˆÁB ®|¬Ô xΩBs_ÁÈ. ∂>™V_ ÔÁ´l_c‚ÔVÏÕm ∂w g´D∏›>V[.

∂k™m ∂øz´ÁÈ¬ ºÔ‚¶ k™º>kÁ> ∂k[ º\_÷´¬Ô∫ÿÔVı| ∂k[ x[A º>V[§, ∞[ ∂ø˛≈VF ?®[Æ ºÔ‚¶m.

ºÔV¶Vˆ >ıßÚ¬z^ søÕm s‚¶>VÔ°D, ∂m˛Á¶¬ÔVs‚¶V_ >[ ∏Áw©A¬z ka ÷_ÁÈ ®[ÆDs≈zÿk‚Ω Ì§™V[.

k™º>kÁ> >ıßÚ¬z^ Jμ˛ ŒÚ >∫Ô¬ºÔV¶VˆºBV| ÿkπºB kÕ>m. ∂Á> s≈zÿk‚Ωl¶DÿÔV|›>m. ∂Á>© √VÏ›> ∂k[, ∂m >[ ºÔV¶Vˆ ∂_È®[ÆD, ∂m >™¬z ºkı¶VD ®[ÆD \Æ›ms‚¶V[.

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k™º>kÁ> *ı|D >ıßÚ¬z^ Jμ˛ ŒÚ ÿk^π¬ºÔV¶VˆÁB ®|›mkÕm ÿÔV|›>m. ∂m°D>[–Á¶Bm ∂_È ®[Æ Ì§ s≈zÿk‚Ω\Æ›ms‚¶V[.

k™º>kÁ> J[≈Vkm >¶ÁkBVÔ› >ıßÚ¬z^Jμ˛ s≈zÿk‚Ωl[ ºÔV¶VˆÁB ®|›m kÕmÿÔV|›>m. ∂Á>© √VÏ›>mD s≈zÿk‚Ω tzÕ>\˛μflE ∂Á¶Õm, ÷´ı| ÁÔÔ·VKD ∂Á> kV∫˛¬ÿÔVı¶V[.

s≈zÿk‚Ωl[ ºÂÏÁ\ÁB© √VÏ›> k™º>kÁ>\˛μflE ∂Á¶Õ>m. ¿ cıÁ\BVÔ Â¶ÕmÿÔVı¶√ΩBV_ c[–Á¶B ºÔV¶VˆºBV| ÷Õ>›>∫Ô¬ ºÔV¶VˆÁB•D, ÿk^π¬ ºÔV¶VˆÁB•D c™¬z√ˆƒVÔ¬ ÿÔV|¬˛º≈[ ®|›m¬ ÿÔV^ ®[Æ k™º>kÁ>ÿƒV_ouÆ.

J[Æ ºÔV¶VˆÔº·V| s≈zÿk‚Ω T| ]ÚD∏™V[.ÔV‚Ω_ Â¶Õ> ∂]ƒB›Á> ∂¬ÔD √¬Ô›]_c^·kÏÔπ¶D Ì§™V[.

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÷Á>¬ ºÔ‚¶kÏÔπ_ ŒÚk[ c¶º™ ÔV‚Ωuzflÿƒ[≈V[. s≈zÿk‚Ωl[ ºÔV¶Vˆ >ıßÚ¬z^søÕ> ∂º> ÷¶›]_ >™m ºÔV¶VˆÁB º√V‚¶V[.ÔÁ´l_ c‚ÔVÏÕm ∂ø>V[.

k™º>kÁ> kÕ>m. ÔV´›Á>¬ ºÔ‚¶m.>ıßÚ¬z^ Jμ˛ ŒÚ >∫Ô¬ ºÔV¶VˆÁB ®|›m kÕmÔV‚ΩBm. ∂Á>© √VÏ›> º√´VÁƒ¬ÔV´[, g\VD∂m>V[ ®[Æ ÿƒV_o¬ÿÔVıº¶ >∫Ô¬ ºÔV¶VˆÁB¬ÁÔ©√u≈© º√V™V[.

c¶º™ k™º>kÁ> “...! º√´VÁƒ¬ÔV´º™! c^·›Á>∂§B¬ÌΩB c[ ÿ>Fk›Á>BV ∞\Vu≈© √VÏ¬˛≈VF ?c[–Á¶B ºÔV¶VˆÁB¬ Ì¶ c™¬z ÿÔV|¬Ô xΩBVmΩ©º√V!” ®[Æ Ì§ \Á≈Õ>m.

º√´VÁƒ¬ÔV´[ ÿkÆ∫ÁÔºBV| T| ]ÚD∏™V[.

º√´VÁƒ ÿ√ÚÂ‚¶D.

∂]Ô gÁƒ ÿÔVı¶V_ c^·mD √§º√VzD.

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√luE

I. Œ[Æ ∂_Èm ÷´ı| kˆÔπ_ sÁ¶ >ÚÔ :

1. ÔV‚Ω_ s≈z ÿk‚Ω ®[™ ÿƒFmÿÔVıΩÚÕ>V[ ?

...............................................................................

...............................................................................

2. s≈z ÿk‚Ωl[ ºÔV¶Vˆ ®∫z søÕ>m ?

...............................................................................

...............................................................................

3. k™º>kÁ> s≈z ÿk‚Ωl¶D ®[™ ºÔ‚¶m ?

...............................................................................

...............................................................................

4. k™º>kÁ> \˛μÕm s≈zÿk‚Ω¬z √ˆƒVÔ¬ÿÔV|›>m ®[™ ?

...............................................................................

...............................................................................

5. s≈z ÿk‚Ωl[ ºÂÏÁ\lÁ™ s·¬zÔ ?

...............................................................................

...............................................................................

6. º√´VÁƒ¬ÔV´Á™© √VÏ›m k™º>kÁ> Ì§BmBVm ?

...............................................................................

...............................................................................

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1. s≈z ÿk‚Ωl[ ºÔV¶Vˆ ................. søÕ>m.

2. s≈z ÿk‚Ω¬z k™º>kÁ> ................

ºÔV¶VˆÁB•D ................. ºÔV¶VˆÁB•D

√ˆƒVÔ¬ ÿÔV|›>m.

3. º√´VÁƒ¬ÔV´–¬z k™º>kÁ> ÿÔV|©√>uz¬

ÔV‚ΩB ºÔV¶Vˆ ................. g™m.

4. º√´VÁƒ .............. gzD.

III. ºƒÏ›m ®ømÔ :

1. k™D + º>kÁ> = ....................

2. ÷´¬ÔD + ÿÔVı| = ..................

3. >∫ÔD + ºÔV¶Vˆ = ..................

4. ÿk^π + ºÔV¶Vˆ = ..................

5. ÿ√ÚÁ\ + gÁƒ = ..................

IV. ®]ÏflÿƒV_ ®ømÔ :

1. ∂ø>_ x .................

2. º>V[§ x .................

3. \˛μflE x .................

4. cıÁ\ x .................

5. ÷ÈV√D x .................

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V. ˇºw z§©∏‚|^· ÷¶∫Ôπ_ ¿∫Ô^√VÏ›>kuÁ≈ ®ømÔ :

Ø∫ÔV ............... ............... ............... ...............

√^π ............... ............... ............... ...............

º√ÚÕm WÁÈBD ............ ............ ............ .............

ÔÁ¶T] ............... ............... ............... ...............

tÚÔ¬ÔV‚EflƒVÁÈ ............ ............ ............ .............

c\¬z› ÿ>ˆÕ> \´∫Ôπ[ ÿ√BÏÔÁ· ®ømÔ† :

1. .........................

2. .........................

3. .........................

4. .........................

¿∫Ô^ \ÈÏÔπ[ ÿ√BÏÔÁ· ®ømÔ :

1. .........................

2. .........................

3. .........................

4. .........................

5. .........................

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VI.ˇμ¬ Ôı¶ √V¶ÁÈ© √Ω›m ∂§Ô :

#BÔVuÆD Â[ÃÚD

∑ı¶© √E›> ∏[ c°D

ºÂVÁB ‚Ω s|\©√V !

±Æ kB∑ >Ú\©√V !

VII. zøs_ ºƒ´V>Á> k‚¶t|Ô :

1. >∫ÔD, ÿƒDA, √V>´ƒD, ÿk^π

2. ÔV|, k™D, Ø∫ÔV, T|

3. º>kÁ>, Ô√], v¸©õÀ, xÚÔ[.

4. gÆ, Â], ¿ÏTμflE, z‚Á¶.

VIII. Œ›> Œo©AÁ¶B ÿƒVuÔÁ· ®ømÔ :

ÔV| ............... ............... ............... ...............

k™D ............... ............... ............... ...............

√ÈD ............... ............... ............... ...............

Ô[Æ ............... ............... ............... ...............

s≈z ............... ............... ............... ...............

√EBV_ kV|D ŒÚk–¬z *[ >ÚkÁ>s¶*[ ∏Ω©√>uz ÔuÆ›>´ºkı|D.

- Ê™©√wÿ\Va

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]∫Ô^ √Mÿ´ı|

E›>Á´ ÁkÔVE gM gΩ gkË

A´‚¶VE n©√E ÔVÏ›]ÁÔ \VÏÔa

Œ›mkÚD Á> \VE √∫zM ®_ÈVD ÷Ák

´VıΩ[ √M´ı| ]∫Ôπ[ ÿ√BÏ.

ÿÔV›m¬ ÿÔV›>VF ØsÚ¬zD E›]Á´lºÈ

Ì°D zl_ ! \Áw ÿ√F•D ÔVÏ›]ÁÔlºÈ

ÿ\›>zπ VlÚ¬zD \VÏÔalºÈ tÔ

ÿk©√¬Ô]Ï ÔV‚E>ÚD Á>© ∏≈©∏ºÈ!

- √V´]>Vƒ[.

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√Ω›>§Ô :

]ÁƒÔ^ :Ô]Ï xÁ·©√m ˛w¬z - ∂>[®]Ï ÷Ú©√m º\uzx]Ï ÷\BD k¶¬z - ∂>[®]Ï z\ˆ ÿ>uz

- √V´]>Vƒ[

√Ω›>§Ô :

ÿÔV›m ÿÔV›>VF ÿ\›> zπ´VlÚ¬zD

Ì°D zl_ ÿk©√¬Ô]Ï.

\Áw© ÿ√F•D

√luE


1. >tμ \V>∫Ôπ[ ÿ√BÏÔÁ· kˆÁƒBVÔ ®ømÔ.

1. .................... 2. .................. 3. ............... 4. .............

5. .................... 6. .................. 7. ............... 8. .............

9. .................. 10. ................. 11. .............. 12. .............

2. ÿÔV›m¬ ÿÔV›>VF ®Õ>\V>›]_ Ø Ø¬zD ?

3. ®D\V>›]_ \Áw© ÿ√Va•D ?

4. \VÏÔa\V>D ®©√Ω ÷Ú¬zD ?

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1. ØsÚ¬zD E›]Á´l_ .............. Ì°D.

2. ............. ÿ√F•D ÔVÏ›]ÁÔl_.

3. ÿ\›>zπ´VlÚ¬zD ...............

4. tÔ ÿk©√¬ Ô]Ï .............. ∏≈©∏_.


1. ØsÚ¬zD

2. \Áw© ÿ√F•D

3. ÿk©√¬Ô]Ï

4. Á>©∏≈©A

IV. ÿ√VÚ›] ®ømÔ :

∂ g

1. E›]Á´ ∂. ÿk©√D

2. ÔVÏ›]ÁÔ g. zπÏ

3. \VÏÔa ÷. \Áw

4. Á> ~. Ø Ø¬zD.

gΩ©√‚¶D º>Ω sÁ>

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x[–Á´ :

∂wz tz sÈ∫zÔ”D √≈ÁkÔ”D ÷_ÈVsΩ_ÂDxÁ¶B kVμ¬ÁÔ √B™u≈m g˛s|D,sÈ∫zÔÁ·•D, √≈ÁkÔÁ·•D √VmÔV¬Ôflƒ´VÈB∫Ô^ ∞u√|›> ºkı|D, ®[≈VÏ √ıΩ>¤k«ÏÈV_ ºÂÚ. ∂kÏ kV¬z WÁ≈ºkÆD kÁÔl_, Â\m∂´ƒV∫ÔD g∫ÔV∫z √≈ÁkÔ^ √VmÔV©AWÁÈB∫ÔÁ·•D, k™ sÈ∫zfl ƒ´VÈB∫ÔÁ·•D∞u√|›]•^·m. ÂD ÂV‚| º>EB sÈ∫ÔVÔ Ao•D,º>EB √≈ÁkBVÔ \lKD º>ÏÕÿ>|¬Ô©√‚|^·™.

k™ sÈ∫zÔπ[ √B[ :

k™ sÈ∫zÔ”D, √≈ÁkÔ”D Â\¬z ∂]Ô·°√BÁ™› >Ú˛[≈™.

∂Ák ÂV‚Ωuz ∂wÁÔ•D ÿ√VoÁk•D >Ú˛[≈™.º\KD \M>ÏÔ”¶[ ∂]Ô ÿ>V¶ÏAÁ¶B™ \V[PÒ

|©US \V[ ÿÔVDA, º>Vø»²®, BVÁ™ BVÁ™›>Õ>zøu²D u¸QßÓx. EÈ sÈ∫zÔπ[ ÿÔVø©A|©US \ÚÕ>VÔ© √B[√|˛≈m. BVÁ™, Ao, EÆ›Á>E∫ÔD, ÔVı¶VtÚÔD x>oB sÈ∫zÔ^ Â\¬z ∂ÕWBflÿƒÈVkËÁB ~‚Ω› >Ú˛[≈™. >kÁ·, ®o, z´∫zº√V[≈Ák g´VFflE¬z© √B[√|˛[≈™.

k™ sÈ∫z √VmÔV©A :

ÔV‚Ω_ c^· sÈ∫zÔÁ·•D √≈ÁkÔÁ·•D \M>[∂a›m kÚ˛[≈V[. ºk‚Á¶BV¶°D, ÿ√Vømº√V¬Ô°D ÔV|ÔÁ·•D, sÈ∫zÔÁ·•D ∂a›ms‚¶V[. ÷>™V_ ∂Ák ªÏÔ”¬z^ AzÕm

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clÏfl ºƒ>›Á> ∞u√|›m˛[≈™. ÂD ƒ∫Ô› >tμ÷È¬˛B∫Ôπ_ ÔV©√|D sÈ∫˛™∫ÔÁ·•D,√≈Ákl™∫ÔÁ·•D >uÿ√Vøm ÔV xΩk]_ÁÈ.EÆ›Á>, E∫ÔD, Ao, Ô´Ω, ÔVı¶V tÚÔD º√V[≈sÈ∫zÔ^ k´ k´ zÁ≈Õm kÚk>V_ ÷kuÁ≈©√VmÔV©√m ∂kEBD. ®™ºk ∂´∑, k™sÈ∫z©√VmÔV©Afl ƒ‚¶D Œ[Á≈ ÷Bu§, ∂Á> ÂÁ¶xÁ≈©√|›]•^·m.

ƒ´VÈB∫Ô^ :

ÔÚÂV¶Ô›]_ Á\ÛÚ¬z ∂Ú˛_ xm\ÁÈ, √Õ]©ØÏ,ÂVÔ´ÿ«Vº·, √[º™´Ô‚¶V º√V[≈ ÷¶∫Ôπ_ƒ´VÈB∫Ô^ c^·™. ´∫Ô™]‚| ®[–t¶›]_√≈ÁkÔ^ ƒ´VÈBD c^·m. ÷∫z^· sÈ∫zÔ”D√≈ÁkÔ”D, ®ÀkÁÔBV™ √BxD ÷[§ kVμ˛[≈™.gÕ]´© ∏´º>ƒ›]_ ‘z‚¶Ï,’ ‘ÂVÔÿ´VD,’ ‘√¬ÔV_.’®[–t¶∫ÔπKD z¤´V› \VWÈ›]_ ‘˛Ï’®[–t¶›]KD \›]B©∏´º>ƒ›]K^· ‘√[™V’ ®[≈÷¶∫ÔπKD k™ sÈ∫z ƒ´VÈB∫Ô^ c^·™.

\Vÿ√ÚD ƒ´VÈBD :

÷Õ]BVs_ ‘Ô[«V’ ®[–D ÷¶›]K^· ƒ´VÈBDtÔ© ÿ√ˆBm. ÷∫z© √ÈkÁÔ© √≈ÁkÔ”D, \V[÷™∫Ô”D, EÆ›Á>, Ao, E∫ÔD, Ô´Ω º√V[≈sÈ∫zÔ”D ∞´V·\VÔ k·Ï¬Ô©√|˛[≈™. >tμÂV‚ΩK^· ºk¶Õ>V∫Ô_ ®[–t¶›]uz √_ÈVl´¬Ô¬ÔV™ ˛ºÈV *‚¶Ï #´›]oÚÕm ∂B_ÂV‚|©√≈ÁkÔ^ kÕm >∫˛fl ÿƒ_˛[≈™. √≈ÁkÔ^ ÷∫zx‚Á¶l‚| ÿ√Vˆ›m ÷™sÚ›] ÿƒFm >∫Ô^

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I. ∂ÚfiÿƒVu ÿ√VÚ^ :

1. k™D = ÔV|

2. kV¬z = ÿƒV_

3. ÿ√Vo° = E≈©A

4. ~‚|>_ = ƒD√V]›>_

5. ºƒ>D = ∂a°

6. ƒ´VÈBD = √VmÔV©∏¶D

√luE

II. ®]Ïfl ÿƒV_ >ÚÔ :

1. zÁ≈° x

2. ∂Ú˛_ x

3. ÿ√ˆBm x

4. √È x

5. ∂a©√m x

III. s™V¬Ô”¬z sÁ¶ >ÚÔ :

1. k™sÈ∫zÔÁ·© √VmÔV¬Ô √ıΩ> ¤k«ÏÈV_ºÂÚ Ì§Bm ®[™ ?

sÁ¶ ...............................................................................

...............................................................................

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2. ÂD ÂV‚Ω[ º>EB sÈ∫z BVm ?

sÁ¶ ...............................................................................

...............................................................................

3. ÂD ÂV‚Ω[ º>EB √≈Ák ®m ?

sÁ¶ ...............................................................................

...............................................................................

4. sÈ∫zÔ^ Â\¬z >ÚD ÿƒ_k∫Ô^ BVÁk ?

sÁ¶ ...............................................................................

...............................................................................

5. g´VFflE¬z© √B[ √|D sÈ∫zÔ^ BVÁk ?

sÁ¶ ...............................................................................

...............................................................................

6. \¬Ô^ ÔV|ÔÁ·•D sÈ∫zÔÁ·•D ®ÀkVÆ∂a›>™Ï ?

sÁ¶ ...............................................................................

...............................................................................

7. ÔÚÂV¶Ô›]_ ƒ´VÈB∫Ô^ ®∫z^·™ ?

sÁ¶ ...............................................................................

...............................................................................

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8. gÕ]´©∏´º>ƒ›]_ k™sÈ∫z ƒ´VÈB∫Ô^®∫z^·™ ?

sÁ¶ ...............................................................................

...............................................................................

9. ÷Õ]BVs_ c^· tÔ© ÿ√ˆB ƒ´VÈBD ®m ? ∂m®∫z^·m ?

sÁ¶ ...............................................................................

...............................................................................

10. ÔV|Ô^ ∂akÁ>› >|¬Ô ºkı|D ∞[ ? ®©√Ω?

sÁ¶ ...............................................................................

...............................................................................

IV. ÿ√VÚ›mÔ :

1. º>EB©√≈Ák «V¬˛

2. º>EB sÈ∫z gÈ\´D

3. º>EB \ÈÏ \l_

4. º>EB \´D Ao

5. º>EB sÁ·BV‚| >V\Á´

V. ∏[ kÚD ÿƒVuÿ≈V¶ÏÔÁ· kV¬˛B›]_∂Á\›m ®ømÔ :

1. ƒ´VÈBD

2. \l_

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3. √VmÔV©º√VD

4. g´VFflE

VI.s|√‚¶ ÷¶›]_ ˇμ¬Ôı¶ku§[ŒoÔÁ·© ÿ√VÚ›] ®ømÔ :

1. º>Ã - ∂Ô°D

2. zl_ - √V|D

3. Âˆ - cÆxD

4. Ao - Ì°D

5. \l_ - ªÁ·l|D

÷©√V¶ÁÈ© √VΩ© √wzÔ :

Ô_KD \ÁÈ•D z]›mkÕº>[ - ÿ√Ú∫

ÔV|D ÿƒΩ•D Ô¶Õm kÕº>[.

®_ÁÈ sˆÕ> ƒ\ÿkπ ®∫zD - ÂV[

÷≈∫˛› >kμÕm >kμÕm kÕº>[,

∞≈V> º\|Ô^ ∞§kÕº>[ - √È

∞ˆ z·∫Ô^ W´©∏ kÕº>[,

ª≈V> ªu§KD c‚AzÕº>[ - \_

Á¶Ô^ ÿ√V∫˛¶ ΩkÕº>[.

VII. \V§•^· ®ø›m¬ÔÁ· xÁ≈© √|›] ®ømÔ :

∫ E D Ô ..........................

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Æ E Á> › ..........................

Á™ ¿ BV Ï ..........................

´ Ô Ω ..........................

[ \V ..........................

o A ..........................

gÆ s›]BVƒ∫Ô^ Ôı|∏Ω¬Ô.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

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22. Â_ka

1. guÆ©ÿ√Ú¬z ∂uÆ ∂Ω∑|D ∂ÕÂV”D

∂ÀkVÆ ªuÆ© ÿ√Ú¬ÔV_ cÈz ª‚|D-∞u≈kÏ¬z

Â_ zΩ©∏≈Õ>VÏ Â_ÌÏÕ>VÏ g™VKD

÷_ÁÈ ®™\V‚¶VÏ ÷ÁƒÕm.

- Œ·ÁkBVÏ

ÔÚ›mÁ´ :

gÆ, ÿk^·© ÿ√Ú¬z ÷_ÈV\_ Â¶©√kÚÁ¶BÔVÁÈfl ∑|˛[≈ ∂·suz k≈ı¶ ÔVÈ›]KD ˇμ¿´V˛B ªuÆ JÈD cÈÔ \¬Ô”¬z c° ∂π¬zD. ∂mº√VÈ Â_È z|D√›]_ ∏≈Õ> Â[\¬Ô^ >V∫Ô^kÆÁ\l_ kVΩ™VKD kÚºkVÏ¬z ÷_ÁÈ ®[ÆÿƒV_ÈV\_ ÿÔV|©√VÏÔ^.


ÿ√Ú¬z - ÿk^·D

∂uÆ - ÷_ÈV\_, W[Æ º√VF

∂Ω∑|D - \_ ÿk©√D ∞uÆ Â¶©√kÏ ÔV_ ∑|D.

ª‚|D - c° ∂π¬zD.

Â_ÌÏÕ>VÏ - kÆÁ\ cÁ¶ºBVÏ

∞u≈kÏ¬z - ÷_ÁÈ ®[Æ ºÔ‚√kÏ¬z.

÷ÁƒÕm - \™D Œ©∏.

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2. ŒÚÂV^ cÁk Œa®[≈V_ ŒaBVF

÷ÚÂV”¬z ∞_®[≈V_ ∞ÈVF-ŒÚÂV”D

®[ºÂV° ∂§BVF ÷|DÁ√ÌÏ ®[ klº≈ !

c[º™V| kVμ>_ ∂ˆm.

- Œ·ÁkBVÏ

ÔÚ›mÁ´ :

m[√D tz>uzˆB ®[ klº≈ ! c° ˛Á¶¬ÔV>º√Vm ŒÚÂV^ cı ºkıΩB cÁk s‚| ÷Ú®[≈V_ ÷Ú¬Ô\V‚¶VF. c° ˛Á¶¬zDº√Vm÷´ı| ÂV‚Ô”¬zD ºƒÏÕm cı ®[≈VKDcı\V‚¶VF. ŒÀÿkVÚ ÂV”D ÂV[ c°º>|k>uz© √|D m[√›Á> ¿ ∂§B \V‚¶VF, ®™ºk÷›>ÁÔB ÷B_A ÿÔVı¶ c[º™V| ÂV[ ÌΩ kVμ>_ÔΩ™D.


÷|DÁ√ - m[√D

∞_ - ∞uÆ¬ÿÔV^

ºÂV° - m[√D

∂ˆm - ÔΩ™D

Œa - s‚| s|

>tμ ÿ\Val[ ®ø›m¬Ô^ ‘∂’ s_ g´D∏›m,ÔÁ¶El_ ‘[’ ®[≈ ®ø›m¶[ xΩ˛≈m. ∂m º√VÈºk]Ú¬z≈”D ‘∂’ s_ g´D∏›m ÔÁ¶El_ ‘[’ ®[ÆxΩ˛[≈m.

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23. zΩB´∑› >ÁÈk´V™ Â_ÈVEˆBÏ

Ô_s ®[√m ®ø›>§Ák \‚|º\ÿÔV|¬Ô¬ ÌΩB>VÔ ÷Ú¬˛≈m.∂m, \M>Á™fl EÕ]¬Ô Ák¬Ô¬ÌΩB>VÔ°D, AˆÕm ÿÔV^· Ák©√>VÔ°D,ÿ√VÆÁ\ k·Ï©√>VÔ°D ÷Ú›>_ ºkı|D.

÷ÀkVÆ Ì§BkÏ ¶V¬¶Ï. ÷´V>V˛Úi[ ∂kÏÔ^.÷kÏ ÷Õ]B¬ zΩB´∑›>ÁÈk´VÔ© √>s k˛›>VKD >VDÏ gEˆBÏ ®[√]ºÈºB ÿ√ÚÁ\ ÿÔVı¶kÏ. ∂k´mkVμ¬ÁÔ k´ÈVuÁ≈ ∂§Õm, ∂kÏ kal_ Â¶©º√VD.

˛.∏. 1888 - gD gı| ÿƒ©¶D√Ï 5 - gD ÂV^]Ú. ÷´V>V˛Úi[ ]Ú›>Ël_ ∏≈Õ>VÏ. ÷kÚÁ¶B>ÕÁ>BVÏ ]Ú. T´VƒVt nBÏ, >VBVÏ ]Ú\]. Ê>D\V^.ÿ>V¶¬Ô¬ Ô_sÁB› ]Ú›>ËlKD, ]Ú©√]lKDxΩ›>VÏ. cBÏ Ô_sÁB ºkŸÏ ªˆ∑¬ Ô_ŸˆlKD,ÿƒ[Á™lKD ÔuÆ› º>ÏÕ>VÏ.

¶V¬¶Ï. ÷´V>V˛Úi[ ÿƒ[Á™ \VWÈ¬ Ô_Ÿˆl_º√´VEB´VÔ› >D √ËÁB› ÿ>V¶∫˛™VÏ. >[–Á¶B®πB, ÔMkV™ º>Vu≈›>VKD, Ôu∏›>_ ]≈›>VKD\VkÏÔπ[ c^·∫ÔÁ·¬ ÿÔV^Á·¬ ÿÔVı¶VÏ.

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\VkÏÔ”¬z Â_È Âı√´VÔ°D, kaÔV‚ΩBVÔ°D]ÔμÕ>VÏ. ÷Õ]BVsK^· ®_ÈV© √_ÔÁÈ¬ ÔwÔ∫Ô”D¶V¬¶Ï. ÷´V>V˛Úi[ ∂kÏÔÁ·© √ËB\Ï›>sÚD∏ ∂Áw›>™. g™V_, ÷kÏ Á\ÛÚ √_ÔÁÈ¬ÔwÔ›]_ >›mk© º√´VEˆB´V™VÏ. ∏[ Ô_Ô›>V√_ÔÁÈ¬ ÔwÔ›]KD º√´VEˆBÏ √ËlÁ™ ∞u≈VÏ.

÷kÏ g∫˛È›]_ >∫z >Á¶l[§ \Á¶]≈Õ>ÿk^·D º√VÈ© º√∑D gu≈_ kVFÕ>kÏ. cÈÔ©√_ÔÁÈ¬ ÔwÔ∫Ô^ ÷kÚ¬z© √]º™ø xÁ≈ ¶V¬¶Ï√‚¶D kw∫˛fl E≈©∏›>™.

÷kÏ gEˆBÏ √Ë¬z› >DÁ\ ∂Ï©√Ë›m¬ÿÔVı¶VKD, ÂV‚| s|>ÁÈ© º√V´V‚¶›]KD √∫zÿÔVı¶VÏ. ∂ı_ ÔVÕ]BΩÔ^, ºÂÚ º√V[≈>ÁÈkÏÔ”¶[ ÷ÁÕm º√V´VΩ™VÏ. ÂV| s|>ÁÈ∂Á¶Õ> ∏≈z ÷´ı| xÁ≈ ÷Õ]B¬ zΩB´∑› mÁ›>ÁÈk´VÔ© ÿ√VÆ©º√u≈VÏ. 1962 - gD gıΩ_ ÷Õ]B¬zΩB´∑› >ÁÈk´VÔ› º>ÏÕÿ>|¬Ô© √‚¶VÏ.

>D ∏≈Õ> ÂVÁ· gEˆBÏ ]™\VÔ¬ ÿÔVı¶V¶ºkı|D ®[Æ sÚD∏™VÏ. ∂kÚÁ¶B sÚ©√©√Ωgı|º>VÆD ∂kÚÁ¶B ∏≈Õ> ÂV·V™ ÿƒ©¶D√Ï 5 gDÂV^ gEˆBÏ ]™\VÔ¬ ÿÔVı¶V¶©√‚| kÚ˛≈m.∂ÕÂVπ_ \›]B, \VWÈ ∂´∑Ô^ E≈Õ> gEˆBÏÔÁ·›º>ÏÕÿ>|›m Â_ÈVEˆBÏ sÚmÔ^ kw∫˛fl E≈©∏›mkÚ˛[≈™. 1997 x>_ ∂ÀsÚm ¶V¬¶Ï ÷´V>V˛Úi[sÚm ®[Æ ∂kÚÁ¶B ÿ√BˆºÈºB kw∫Ô©√|˛≈m.

∂˛È cÈÔD º√VuÆD ÷ÕÂ_ÈVEˆBÚ¬z \›]B ∂´∑ÂD ÂV‚Ω[ cBˆB sÚ>V™ √V´> ´›™V sÚm kw∫˛©ÿ√ÚÁ\©√|›]•^·m. ÷kÏ 1975 - gD gı| ∞©´_]∫Ô^ √]º™wVD ÂV^ ÷BuÁÔ ®F]™VÏ. \Vº\Á>BVD∂kÏ \Á≈Õ>VKD ∂kÏ>D AÔμ ®[ÆD \Á≈BVm.

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√Ω›>§Ô : ¶V¬¶Ï, ÷´V>V˛Úi[ zΩB´∑› >ÁÈk´VÔ© √>s

k˛›>VKD >VD Ï gEˆBÏ ®[√]ºÈºB ÿ√ÚÁ\ÿÔVı¶kÏ.

∂kÚÁ¶B ∏≈Õ> ÂVÁ· gEˆBÏ ]™\VÔ¬ÿÔVı¶V|˛º≈VD.

¶V¬¶Ï. ÷´V>V˛Úi[ ÿƒ[Á™ \VWÈ¬ Ô_Ÿˆl_º√´VEˆB´VÔ› >D √ËÁB› ÿ>V¶∫˛™VÏ.

cÈÔ©√_ÔÁÈ¬ ÔwÔ∫Ô^ ÷kÚ¬z© √]º™øxÁ≈¶V¬¶Ï √‚¶D kw∫˛fl E≈©∏›>™.

\›]B ∂´∑ √V´> ´›™V sÚm kw∫˛ÿ√ÚÁ\©√|›]•^·m.

√luEI. ®]ÏflÿƒV_ >ÚÔ :

1. ÿ√ÚÁ\ x .................2. ®πB x .................3. Â_È x .................4. ]≈Õm x .................5. AÔμ x .................

II. ºÔVΩ‚¶ ÷¶∫ÔÁ· W´©AÔ :1. cÈÔ© √_ÔÁÈ¬ ÔwÔ∫Ô^ ÷kÚ¬z© ............. xÁ≈

¶V¬¶Ï √‚¶D kw∫˛fl E≈©∏›>™.

2. ÷´ı|xÁ≈ ÷Õ]B¬ zΩB´∑› .............ÿ√VÆ©º√u≈VÏ.

3. ∂kÚÁ¶B ∏≈Õ>ÂV^ ................ ]™\VÔ¬ÿÔVı¶V¶©√‚| kÚ˛≈m.

4. \›]B ∂´∑ ............... sÚm kw∫˛©ÿ√ÚÁ\©√|›]•^·m.

5. ÷kÏ Á\ÛÏ©√_ÔÁÈ¬ ÔwÔ›]_ ..............º√´VEˆB´V™VÏ.

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III. Œ[Æ ∂_Èm ÷´ı| kˆÔπ_ sÁ¶ >ÚÔ :

1. ¶V¬¶Ï ÷´V>V˛Úi[ ®∫z, ®©º√Vm ∏≈Õ>VÏ?

sÁ¶ ...............................................................................

...............................................................................

2. ¶V¬¶Ï ÷´V>V˛Úi[ ∂kÏÔπ[ ÿ√uº≈VÏ BVkÏ ?

sÁ¶ ................................................................................

...............................................................................

3. ¶V¬¶Ï ÷´V>V˛Úi[ ÿ>V¶¬Ô¬ Ô_sÁB•D

cBÏÔ_sÁB•D ®∫z √l[≈VÏ ?

sÁ¶ ...............................................................................

...............................................................................

4. ¶V¬¶Ï ÷´V>V˛Úi[ ®©º√Vm zΩB´∑›

>ÁÈkÏ g™VÏ ?

sÁ¶ ...............................................................................

...............................................................................

5. ¶V¬¶Ï ÷´V>V˛Úi[ \VkÏÔπ¶D ÔV‚ΩB

∂[Á√ s·¬zÔ.

sÁ¶ ...............................................................................

...............................................................................

6. ¶V¬¶Ï ÷´V>V˛Úi[ ∂kÏÔπ[ g∫˛È

ÿ\Va gu≈ÁÈ© √u§ ®ømÔ.

sÁ¶ ...............................................................................

...............................................................................

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IV. ºw ÿÔV|¬Ô©√‚|^· kV¬˛B∫ÔÁ·© √Ω›mflƒˆBV™ ÿƒV_ÁÈ W´©AÔ :

ë(ƒÁ\B_ ∂Á≈ : \Ú›mk\Á™ ;√^π¬Ì¶D ; º√ÚÕm WÁÈBD ; Á\>V™D)

1. zwÕÁ>Ô^ √Ω¬zD ÷¶D .................

2. º√ÚÕmÔ^ WuzD ÷¶D .................

3. \VÁÈl_ zwÕÁ>Ô^ sÁ·BV|D ÷¶D ...........

4. c° >BVˆ¬zD ÷¶D ................

5. ºÂVBVπÔ^ E˛flÁƒ ÿ√ÆD ÷¶D ................

V. ÁÔÿBø›m© ∏´]ÔÁ·© √Ω¬Ô°D.

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24. ]Ú¬z≈^

sÚÕº>VD√_

1. ÿƒ_sÚÕm D∏ kÚsÚÕm √VÏ›]Ú©√V[Â_ sÚÕm kV™›>kÏ¬z.

2. º\V©√¬ zÁw•D ∂MflƒD xÔÕ]ˆÕmºÂV¬Ô¬ zÁw•D sÚÕm.

ÿƒFÕ Â[§ ∂§>_.3. ÿƒFBV\u ÿƒF> c>s¬z ÁkBÔxD

kV™ÔxD gu≈ Èˆm.4. Â[§ \≈©√m Â[≈[Æ Â[≈_Èm

∂[º≈ \≈©√m Â[Æ.Ô_s

5. ÔıbÁ¶BVÏ ®[√kÏ Ôuº≈VÏ xÔ›]´ı|AıbÁ¶BVÏ Ô_ÈV >kÏ.

6. ºÔΩ_ søfl ÿƒ_kD Ô_s ŒÚkuz\V¶_È \uÁ≈ BÁk

- ]Úk^”kÏ.∂ÚfiÿƒVu ÿ√VÚ^ :1. D∏ = º√Vu§ : kÚsÚÕm = kÚD sÚÕ]™Ï,

kV™›>kÏ¬z = kV–È˛K^· º>kÏÔ”¬z.

2. º\V©√ = xÔÏÕm √VÏ›>_ ; zÁw•D = kV|DºÂV¬Ô = √VÏ¬Ô.

3. ÁkBÔD = \ıbÈÔDkV™ÔD = kV–ÈÔD.

4. Â[§ = Â[Á\ ;

5. Ôuº≈VÏ = Ôu≈kÏ ; xÔ›]´ı| = xÔ›]_ ÷´ı|

6. søflÿƒ_kD = ∂aku≈ÿƒ_kD ; \V¶_È = ÿƒ_kD∂_È

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ÔÚ›mÁ´ :

1. kÕ> sÚÕ]™Á´© º√Vu§ ÷M kÚD sÚÕ]™Á´®]Ï©√VÏ›]Ú©√k[, kV–ÈÔ›]_ c^· º>kÏ¬zDÂ_È sÚÕ]™[ gkV[.

2. ∂Mflƒ©Ø xÔÏÕ>°¶[ kVΩ s|D. ∂mº√V_,xÔ\ÈÏflEl[§ ºkÆ√‚| ºÂV¬˛™V_, sÚÕ]™ÏxÔD kV|D .

3. >V[ Ï c>s•D x[ ÿƒFBV]Ú¬Ô, ∏≈Ï >™¬zfl ÿƒF>c>s¬z \ıbÈÁÔ•D sıbÈÁÔ•D ÁÔ \V≈VÔ¬ÿÔV|›>VKD ~| gÔVm.

4. ŒÚkÏ x[ ÿƒF> Â[Á\ÁB \≈©√m Â_È>_È. ∂kÏÿƒF> yÁ\ÁB ∂©ÿ√Vøº> \≈Õm s|km Â_Èm.

5. Ô_s Ôu≈kÏÔ”¬z Ôı ÔıVÔ¬ ÔÚ>©√|D\u≈kÏÔ”¬z ∂m AıVÔ¬ ÔÚ>©√|D.

6. ŒÚk–¬z ∂a° ÷_ÈV> E≈Õ> ÿƒ_kD Ô_sºBgzD. Ô_s >s´ \u≈© ÿ√VÚ^Ô^ ®_ÈVD (∂›>ÁÔBE≈©AÁ¶B) ÿƒ_kD ∂_È.


1. º>kÏÔ”¬z Â_È sÚÕ]™™VÔ ∂Á\kÏ BVÏ ?

2. sÚÕ]™Ï ®©ÿ√Vøm kVΩs|kÏ ?

3. \ıbÈÁÔ•D sıbÈÁÔ•D ÁÔD\V≈VÔ¬ÿÔV|›>VKD ®>uz ~| gÔ xΩBVm ?

4. ®Á> \≈Õm s|km E≈Õ>m gzD ?

5. xÔ›]_ ÷´ı| Aı cÁ¶BkÏ BVkÏ ?

6. ŒÚk–¬z ∂as_ÈV> ÿƒ_kD ®m ?

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ÂÕ>ÈVÈV

ÔV¬ÁÔfl E≈˛MºÈ ÂÕ>ÈVÈV ! - W[≈[

ÔˆB W≈Õ º>V[Æ Á>ºB ÂÕ>ÈVÈV !

√VÏ¬zD \´∫Ô ÿ·_ÈVD ÂÕ>ÈVÈV ! - W[≈[

√flÁƒ W≈Õ º>V[Æ Á>ºB, ÂÕ>ÈVÈV !

ºÔ‚z ÿ\Vol ÿÈ_ÈVD ÂÕ>ÈVÈV ! - W[≈[

ˇ> tÁƒ¬z >¶V, ÂÕ>ÈVÈV !

y¬z^ s´ÁÈ Ák›>V_ ÂÕ>ÈVÈV - W[Á™›

yı| t[√Õ º>V[Æ>¶V, ÂÕ>ÈVÈV !

- \ÔVÔs √V´]BVÏ

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]≈[Ô”D √V¶ ®ıÔ”D

]≈[√z]

]≈[Ô^ √V¶ ®ı

1. ºÔ‚¶_1. ∂§xÔ\V™ Ûwo_

®πB ÿƒVuÿ√Va°ÔÁ·¬ 13, 21ºÔ‚√m¶[ AˆÕm¬ÿÔV^km.

2. ∂§xÔt_ÈV> Ûwo_ 10, 14, 18ÿƒVuÿ√Va°ÔÁ·•DcÁ´BV¶_ÔÁ·•D AˆÕm¬ÿÔV^”>_.

3. ∂§xÔt_ÈV> Ûwo_ÿƒB_√V|Ô^, ÷ku§_~|√‚¶ z§©AÔÁ·•DÁƒÁÔÔÁ·•D AˆÕm¬ÿÔV^km.

4. ÿÔV|¬Ô©√‚¶ √V¶©√z]l[ Á\B¬ÔÚ›m¬ÔÁ· ∂§Õm¬ÿÔV^km

1. ÿ>V¶ÏflEBVÔ© º√∑>_. 18, 22,2. ÿ>πkVÔ \™©√V¶D 1, 2,

ÿƒFm Œ©As›>_.3. ∂§xÔt_ÈV> 6, 20

ÿ√VÚ‚ÔÁ· AˆÕm¬ÿÔV^”>_

4. kz©√Á≈l_ ÂÁ¶ÿ√ÆD®πB kV>D \uÆD skV>D 16, 23º√V[≈ku§_ √∫z ÿ√Æ>_.

5. º√fl∑ ÿ\Va \uÆD ÷È¬˛Bÿ\VaÔπ[ ÷Á¶ºBBV™ 4, 15, 19ºkÆ√V‚Á¶¬ Ôu≈_.

º√∑>_

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1. sB©Ø‚|D √¶¬ÔÁ>Ô^ 6, 7\uÆD √›]ˆ¬ÁÔÔÁ·©√Ω›>_.

2. ÁÔÿBø›m© ∏´]Ô^\uÆD \u≈kÏÔπ[ÁÔÿBø›Á>© √Ω›>_.

3. EÆkÏ ÷È¬˛B∫ÔÁ·© 4, 11, 17√Ω›>_.

4. ∞≈¬zÁ≈B 4000 ÿƒVuÔÁ·©√Ω›m© AˆÕm¬ ÿÔV^”>_ 7, 8, 16

5. √V¶›]_ c^· ÿƒF]›ÿ>Vz©A \uÆD WÔμ°Ôπ[ 3, 9ÔV´ ÔVˆB∫ÔÁ·© AˆÕm¬ÿÔV^”>_.

6. √V¶© √z]ÁB© √Ω›>∏[®©√Ω ? ∞[ ? ®>uz ? 6, 12, 20º√V[≈ s™V¬Ô”¬zsÁ¶Bπ›>_.

1. ∂wÔVÔ°D ÿ>πkVÔ°D 5, 1®øm>_.

2. ºÔ‚| ®øm>_ JÈD √B[√V‚ΩoÚ¬zD ®ø›m¬ 14Az§X|ÔÁ·© √B[ √|›]®øm>_.

3. z§©AÔÁ·© ∏[√u§®ø›m¬ z§X|ÔÁ·¬ 5, 16ÿÔVı¶ √›]ˆ¬ÁÔÔÁ·®øm>_.

4. ®πB √Á¶©√Vu≈_s]ÔÁ·© AˆÕm ÿÔVı| 3, 5, 18ÿƒVuÿ≈V¶ÏÔÁ·cÚkV¬z>_

√Ω›>_

®øm>_

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