* GB785734 (A)

Description: GB785734 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Automatic toll ticketing system

Description of GB785734 (A)

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PATENT SPECIFICATION 785,734 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: July 28, 1955. No 21839155. Application made in United States of America on Aug 12, 1954. Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 40 ( 4), K 1 M( 1:4), K 6 CM( 2:10). International Classification:-HO 4 m. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Automatic Toll Ticketing System We, AUTOMATIC ELECTRIC LABORATORIES, INC, a Corporation duly organized under the laws of the State of Delaware, United States of America, of 1033 West Van Buren Street, Chicago 7, State of Illinois, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:-

The present invention relates to automatic telephone systems in general, and in particular to improvements in automatic toll ticketing telephone systems arranged to produce a record of certain items of information pertaining to each telephone connection More particularly, this invention pertains to improvements in automatic toll ticketing systems of the character disclosed in Patent Specification Serial No 692,999 dated 2nd October, 1953. An automatic toll ticketing telephone system of the type disclosed in the above-mentioned patent is divided into a plurality of zones and each zone includes one or more telephone exchanges Telephone connections established between the subscribers in different exchanges in the different zones and between the subscribers in different exchanges in the same zone are handled on a toll basis so that charges for the connections may be assessed against the calling subscriber substations in accordancewiththedistances between the exchanges and the time duration of the connections Each telephone connection is established automatically and a record is produced containing the particulars concerning the connection, including the office code digits identifying both the calling and called exchanges, the numerical digits identifying both the calling and the called subscriber lines, and other pertinent particulars such as the rate of charge applicable to the connection, the duration thereof, the date and possibly the toll charge for the call. lPrice 3/6 l The telephone connections, in the abovenoted patent, are automatically completed from a calling subscriber to a desired called subscriber under control of a director or register sender apparatus provided in the 50 originating exchange In extending a connection, the calling subscriber merely operates his calling device in accordance with the directory number of the desired called subscriber station The directory number in 55 cludes an office code portion comprising the first two letters of the called exchange name and a digit identifying the number of the particular called exchange, and a numerical portion comprising four digits designating the 60 called subscriber substation in the particular called exchange Consequently, each subscriber directory number normally constitutes a seven-digit number Certain exchanges in the system however are identified 65 by an office code portion comprising the first two letters of the called exchange name and a numerical portion comprising four digits designating the called subscriber substations. Therefore, the directory numbers of the sub 70 scriber substations in the exchanges identified by a two-digit office code constitute a six-digit number instead of a seven-digit number In either event, the first three digits of a called office code dialed by a calling 75

subscriber are registered in the director or register sender and are translated into one or more routing digits so that the call will be properly routed to the particular called exchange The first three digits of a seven 80 digit called number will include the first two letters of the desired called exchange name and the digit identifying the particular called exchange, and the first three digits of a sixdigit number will include the first two letters 85 of the called exchange name and the thousands-digit of the numerical portion of the particular called subscriber substation number In addition to determining the routing digits to be transmitted by the direc 90 785,734 tor or register sender, the first three digits dialed by the calling subscriber also control the register sender to transmit thereafter certain of the digits of the called subscriber directory number to complete the desired connection. In the above-mentioned patent, an idle director or register sender is automatically associated with the calling subscriber line as soon as a call is initiated and the digits of the called subscriber directory number, as dialed by the calling subscriber, are registered therein In response to the registration of the first three digits of the called subscriber directory number, a common translator mechanism is automatically associated with' the register sender to perform the translation operation briefly noted above In other words, the translator mechanism functions to translate the first three digits registered in the register sender into one or more routing digits and it registers the routing digits in the register sender The translator mechanism is then disconnected and rendered available to other register senders Thereafter the register sender transmits the routing digits registered therein, then certain digits of the called exchange code, and finally the four digits of the numerical portion of the called subscriber directory number in order to complete the telephone connection to the called subscriber During the establishment of the above-mentioned connection, various items of record information pertaining thereto, such as the calling subscriber directory number, the called subscriber directory number, the rate of charge for the call, and other pertinent items of information, are temporarily registered so that a record may be produced of the telephone connection and charged against the calling subscriber. During the establishment of the abovedescribed telephone connection, an idle toll ticket repeater is also included in the connection for the purpose of registering and storing the items of record information This repeater times the established connection, and upon the termination of the connection -50 will have registered therein the total elapsed conversation time of the particular telephone call. Following the release of the connection, an idle tabulator is

associated with the toll ticket repeater so that the items of record information which have been transferred to and temporarily stored in the toll ticket repeater may be transferred to the tabulator before the repeater is released and rendered available for another call The tabulator thereafter controls a ticket tape punch mecllanism and a record tape punch mechanism in order to produce respectively an individual record and a common record of the completed toll call These records may then be used by the operating telephone company to control appropriate business machines in order to produce printed records of the items of information pertaining to each toll call contained on the perforated tapes 70 The main object of the present invention is to provide improved circuits and apparatus for an automatic toll ticketing system of the type noted above whereby certain of the apparatus in each of the directors or register 75 senders is eliminated therefrom and is instead made available to a plurality of register senders. It is a further object of the invention to provide in an automatic telephone system 80 an improved register sender or director of simplified design, wherein certain apparatus, including a directively operated switching mechanism, formerly an integral part of each register sender, has been removed therefrom 85 and the operations and controls thereof are instead made available to a plurality of register senders in the exchange. Still another object of the invention is to provide in an automatic telephone system 90 employing register senders, common office code translating apparatus that is selected for the exclusive use of a register sender and is operated in accordance with the called office code digits of a telephone directory number 95 to translate the office code digits into predetermined routing digits. A still further object of the invention is to provide in an automatic telephone system employing register senders and common 100 translating apparatus, facilities for translating a called office code into appropriate routing digits to route the call to a called station even though the numerical digits of the called subscriber number have not been registered 105 in the register sender. It is still another object of the present invention to provide in an automatic telephone system employing register senders, apparatus that is common to a plurality of register 110 senders and is associated with any particular register sender so that it may be controlled in accordance with the digits of a called office code to select a particular translate relay in the common translator With this 115 arrangement, the selective control of a translate relay in the common translator is performed by equipment that is also common to the plurality of register senders The foregoing operations were performed

in the 120 prior toll ticketing systems by a two-motion directively operated switch forming a component part of each register sender. A still further object of the invention is to provide in a toll ticketing telephone system 125 means for charging the called subscriber station instead of the calling subscriber station for a connection by utilizing a special office code instead of the regular office code in extending a connection to a particular 130 785,734 called subscriber station. Further objects and features of the invention pertain to the particular arrangement of the circuit elements of the automatic telephone system whereby the above outlined and additional operating features are attained. The invention, both as to its organization and method of operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following specification taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which Fig 1 is a trunking diagram illustrating the general arrangement of the switching apparatus incorporated in the F Lorida 3 exchange of the telephone system Figs 2 to 10, inclusive, when assembled together in the manner shown on Fig 11, illustrate sufficient details of the switching apparatus, included in the F Lorida 3 exchange, to describe the apparatus having incorporated therein the features of the invention briefly outlined above. It should be noted that the apparatus schematically illustrated in the different drawings is identified by numerical designations, some of which designations are prefixed by the letter X " The prefix X has been provided as part of the numerical designation of different details of equipment, to facilitate cross-referencing the same with corresponding equipment and apparatus shown in the previously mentioned patent wherein like equipment is identified by the same numerical designations. The switching apparatus included in the F Lorida 3 exchange is schematically illustrated in block diagram form in the trunking diagram shown in Fig 1 Some of the apparatus shown in Fig 1 is identified by a numerical designation identifying corresponding apparatus provided in the previously mentioned patent except that the numerical designation includes the prefix " X " Particular attention is directed to the fact that the director X 300 comprises a controller X 600, a call register X 1500, a coder X 1800 and a call recorder X 2000 In the prior systems illustrated in the prior patent, the director also included a Strowger Switch 1200 which has been eliminated from each of the directors of the present system. Referring now to the drawings, it will be seen that Fig 2 schematically illustrates five subscriber substations T 51-3 to T

55-3, inclusive, on a five party line which are connected by way of the line conductor XC 402 and XC 403 to the line circuit X 405 This line circuit is schematically illustrated in block diagram form and is connected to bank contacts accessible to the finders of the system including the finder X 440 which is individually associated with a primary selector X 500 The line circuit X 405 and the primary selector X 500 are illustrated in block diagram form and they may be of the type shown respectively in Figs 4 and 5 of the previously noted patent Fig 2 also discloses a director hunter X 450 which is the same as the corresponding director hunter 70 provided in the patent previously noted The director hunter X 450 has access, by way of its wipers X 453 to X 460 and associated bank contacts, to any one of a plurality of directors or register senders, such as the director 75 X 300, shown in the trunking diagram of Fig. 1 As illustrated in Fig 2, the director hunter X 450 is shown having access to only the controller X 600 portion of the director X 300 Also, Fig 2 schematically discloses 80 a translator assigner X 1000, which may be exactly the same as the translator assigner 1000 shown in the above noted patent, has access by way of its wipers X 1001 to X 1003 and associated contact banks to various parts 85 of the particular director that has been selected by the director hunter X 450. Figs 3 and 7 to 10, inclusive, show other portions of the director, partially shown in detail and partially schematically illustrated, 90 in order more clearly to illustrate and describe the improvements of the circuits of the present invention More specifically, Fig 3 shows the miscellaneous relays Xll O 0, which was formerly the code switch 1100 in 95 the prior patent and which have been modified in the present invention to omit the Strowger Switch 1200 formerly included as part of the apparatus of the code switch 1100 portion of a director shown in the previously 100 mentioned patent Figs 7 and 8 show, partially in detail and partially schematically, the cal, register X 1500 portion of the director which is substantially the same as the call register 1500 portion of the director 105 illustrated in the previously mentioned patent except for modifications that have been made to carry out the features of the present invention The call register X 1500 portion of the director as shown in Figs 7 110 and 8, includes the receive sequence switch X 15110 which determines the sequence in which received digits are registered in the respective digit registers of the call register X 1500 115 The first, second and third office code registers X 1520, X 1530 and X 1540 are provided to register the three digits of a called office code The first, second, third and fourth numerical registers X 1610, X 1620, 120 X 1630 and X 1640 have been schematically illustrated and they may be connected and

arranged in substantially the same manner as the corresponding registers in the previously noted patent A send sequence switch 125 X 1650 is also schematically illustrated in Fig 8 which is provided to determine the sequence in which the registered information in the coder Xl C 800 and the call register X 1500 is transmitted by the director under 130 4 785,734 control of the send switch X 1660 Both the send sequence switch X 1650 and the send switch X 1660 are schematically illustrated since they are the same as the corresponding a switches 1650 and 1660 illustrated in the previously noted patent. Fig 9 discloses the translator connector X 1700 which is substantially the same as the translator connector 1700 illustrated in the patent previously noted, and is provided to connect the common translator X 1300 of Fig 6 to the coder Xl SOO of Fig 10 The translator connector X 1700 is individual to the director X 300 and it should be understood that each director is provided with a similar translator connector, such as X 1700. Referring now to Fig 10, there is illustrated the coder X 1800 portion of the director X 300 which is utilized to register as many as six routing digits that have been determined by the selective operation of the translator X 1300 under control of the called office code registered in the office code registers X 1520, X 1530 and X 1540 Other selective controls performed by the various relays provided in the coder Xl SOO will be described hereinafter in connection with the detailed operation of the system The word decodel ", as used hereinafter, is intended to describe the unit of equipment containing the decoding relays. Fig 4 shows the decodel circuit 400 which is common to all of the directors of the system and which is arranged to co-operate with the code detecting circuit 500 to perform the selective operation of the translator X 1300 that was previously performed by the Strowger Switch 1200 included in each of the directors of the prior systems The decodel circuit 400 includes a hundreds register 401, a tens register 402 and the units register 403 which are connected and arranged so that they may be selectively operated in accordan-e with the three digits of a called office code registered respectively in the first. second and third office code registers X 1520, X 1530 and X 1540 in the call register X 1500 portion of the director The registers of the decodel 400 are arranged so that they will translate the markings of the three digits of a called office code as registered in the call register X 1500 from code markings into decimal markings corresponding to the hundreds tens and units digits which are registered in the code detecting circuit 500 of Fig 5. Fig 5 shows the code detecting circuit 500 which is provided with ten hundreds relays, such as R 510; ten tens relays, such as R 520; and

ten units relays, such as R 550 The respective hundreds, tens and units relays of the code detecting circuit 500 are connected and arranged so that the operation of one of the relays on each of the three groups will select a single conductor in order to operate a translate relay corresponding to the called office code that has been registered director With the three groups of hundreds, tens and units relays in the code detecting circuit 500, as many as 1000 different indi 7 ' vidual conductors may be selected to operate corresponding translate relays in the translator X 1300 This arrangement provides facilities whereby each of 1000 different called office codes may be translated to select 75 1000 different translate relavs. Fig 6 schematically illustrates the common translator X 1300 which is substantially identical to the translator 1300 illustrated in Figs 13 and 14 of the above noted patent 80 Fig 6 also schematically illustrates the detector X 1900 and the call recorder X 2000. The call recorder X 2000 is exactly the same as the call recorder 2000 illustrated in Figs. 19 to 22 in the above mentioned patent It 85 should be understood, however, that the call recorder X 2000 is included as a portion of the director X 300 and that it may be associated with the detector X 1900, which is common to all of the directors by means of 90 a detector connect relay that is individual to the call recorder in use The detector X 1900 may be the same as the detector 1900 shown schematicallv in the above mentioned patent or it may be of the type illustrated in 95 Figs 29 to 38, inclusive, in Patent Specification Serial No 565 654 dated 1 lth February, 1945. Referring now to the trunking diagram shown in Fig 1, it will be understood that 100 only certain of the subscriber lines of the telephone system have been illustrated. Three of the lines respectively terminate the subscriber stations TX 3 TR 3 and the pay station line TP 3 One of the lines coin 105 monly terminates the five subscriber substations T 51-3 to T 55-3 inclusive Each of the above mentioned lines terminate respectively in a line circuit Thus the line of station TX 3 terminates in the line circuit 11) X 405 A, the line of station TR 3 terminates in the line circuit X 405 B, the line of station TP 3 terminates in the line circuit X 405 C. and the party line terminates in the line circuit X 405 D Each private subscriber station 115 TX 3 is rendered extended service facilities and is of the class 1 type Each private subscriber station TR 3 and the five party line subscriber substations T 51-3 to T 55-3 are rendered free local service and are of the 120 class 2 type Each pay station TP 3 is denied automatic toll service and is of the class 3 type.

More specifically, the extended subscriber substation in the system of the class 1 type 125 are rendered free automatic local telephone service, free automatic toll service to certain exchanges in adjacent zones, for example, to the E Mpire 1 exchange, and automatic toll ticketing service to other exchanges in the 130 785,734 785,734 system The private subscriber substations and the party subscriber substations of the class 2 type are rendered free automatic local service and they are also rendered automatic toll ticketing service on all calls extended to subscriber substations terminating in other exchanges of the system. Finally, the pay stations of the class 3 type are rendered automatic local service, provided the necessary coins have been deposited in the pay station instrument, and they are rendered toll service to exchanges in the system with the aid of the " O " operator. Strapping facilities are provided at each line circuit to indicate the specific class of service rendered the associated subscriber substation and the detailed description of the strapping facilities is described in detail in Patent Specification Serial No 692,999 dated 2nd October, 1953. It is noted that each of the above noted line circuits is accessible to the finder X 440 and that the finder X 440 is individual to the primary selector X 500 which has access via its associated bank contacts to the various trunk lines extending to other switching apparatus in the exchange, including the local switch train comprising the selectors X 315 and X 320 and the connector X 325, for completing local calls and also for completing connections to the official P A B X 101. From another level of the associated banks, the selector X 500 has access to the toll ticketing trunks, including the ticket repeater X 2300 and the ticket repeater selector X 2700, for extending toll connections by way of the repeater X 379 to the C Hase exchange, and also via the repeater X 305 to the E Mpire 1 exchange All of the calls completed by way of any of the ticket repeaters X 2300 are recorded. Over still another level of the selector X 500, calls may be completed by way of the special selector X 340 to the intercepting operator 50, to the " O " operator, and to the information operator 113. Over still another level the primary selector X 500 may complete connections via the repeater X 305 to subscribers in the E Mpire 1 exchange without using any of the recording trunks and associated ticket repeaters, so that no record is made thereof Access to the long distance operator 110 is had over another level of the primary selector X 500. The recording apparatus, including the ticket repeater X 2300, the tabulator X 2800, the tape punches X 2967 and X 2968-and their

associated apparatus form no part of this invention and are therefore not described in detail For a complete disclosure and description of this apparatus reference may be had to Patent Specification Serial No. 692,999 dated 2nd October, 1953. Before describing the operation of the system, it should be noted that each of the subscriber substation telephone instrumentsincludes the usual hand set having a transmitter and a receiver, a ringer and a calling device or dial The calling device provided at each of the private subscriber substations, 70 at each pay station, and at each first party substation on a five party line is of conventional construction and arrangement; while the calling device provided at each second, third, fourth and fifth party subscriber sub 75 station on a party line is of special construction Thus, each of the party subscriber substations provided with the special dial of the type mentioned above includes a special impulsing cam in addition to the regular im 80 pulse transmitting springs The impulsing springs normally operate in a conventional manner in response to the return movement of the finger wheel of the dial to transmit a variable number of series of switch control 85 ling impulses in accordance with the finger hole selected on the pull of the dial Also, the cam spring provided at the special dials are arranged during the return movement of the finger wheel to transmit a fixed number 90 of station identifying ground impulses to identify the particular station that is originating the call It will be appreciated that any dial having facilities for transmitting station identifying ground pulses, in addition to the 95 usual loop pulses, may be utilized to identify the calling station as digits of a number are being dialed. In order to describe the operation of the system disclosed in Figs 2 to 10, inclusive, 100 and schematically illustrated by the trunking diagram of Fig 1, it will be assumed that a call is initiated by a subscriber at substation T 51-3, shown in Fig 2 As soon as the calling subscriber removes his receiver, the usual 105 loop circuit: including the line conductors XC 401) and XC 403, is completed for operating the line circuit X 405 The line circuit X 405 functions in' a conventional manner to initiate the operation of the distributor X 442, 110 and' it marks' the terminals of the calling subscriber line in the bank contacts accessible' to a group of line finders, including the line finder X 440; It will be assumed that the distributor X 442, by means of its rotary 115 switch X Yv 441, selects -the-line finder X 440 and as a result thereof: the line finder actuates its associated wipers first in a vertical direction and then in a rotary direction, in the well-known manner, to find and connect with 120 k the contacts marked by the, calling line circuit X 405 When the calling line is found by the line finder X 440, the loop circuit from the calling station is

extended through the line circuit X 405 and the line finder X 440 125 to initiate operation of the primary selector X 500 As soon as the primary selector X 500 is thus seized, it operates the director hunter X 450 so that it will search for an idle director, such as the director X 300 shown in Fig 130 785,734 1 As soon as the idle director is found, the calling subscriber loop circuit is disconnected from the primary selector X 500 and transferred to the director X 300 that has been found by the director hunter X 450 For convenience in describing the director X 300, the various component parts thereof, including the controller X 600, the miscellaneous relay Xl 100, call register X 1500, call recorder X 2000 and the coder X 1800 have been shown as separate units. When the calling subscriber loop circuit is transferred to the director, circuits are extended through the wipers X 456 and X 457 of the director hunter X 450 to the conductors XC 471 and XC 472 extending to Fig 3 so that one circuit path is completed by way of the contacts X 1115, the lower winding of the line relay XR 1130, contacts X 1156, resistor XI 158, and battery and so that another circuit path is completed by way of the contacts X 1113, X 1144 and the winding of the line test relay X Rl 120, to ground The line test relay XR 1120 and the line relay X R 1130 operate over the above mentioned calling subscriber loop circuit At its contacts X 1133, the line relay XR 1130 completes an obvious circuit for operating the hold relay X Rl 140 and the latter relay completes, at its contacts XI 141 a circuit for extending ground potential over the conductor XCI 137 to Fig 2 in order to operate the seizure relay R 750 in the controller X 600 Also the relay XR 1140, at its contacts X 1146, disconnects the lower winding of the line test relay Rl 120 from the conductor XC 472 and it connects the latter conductor to ground potential at contacts X 1154 At this time the line relays X 1130 will be held in the loopcircuit including the calling subscriber line from ground at contacts X 1154 to battery potential by way of the contacts X 1156. In the controller X 600 portion of the director, the operation of the seizure relay XR 750 applies certain holding grounds to the various component parts of the director X 300, including the application of a holding ground at contacts X 751 to the conductor XC 787 extending to the coder X 1800 (Fig 10) portion of the director X 300. Also at this time the controller X 600 portion of the director performs a class test to register the particular class of the calling subscriber line As previously noted, the calling station is connected to a party line and, consequently, the controller X 600 will, upon testing the line, register the class 2 indication therein The particular class of the calling line is in turn transferred from the controller X 600 to the class relays (not shown) in the translator X

1300 (Fig 6) over the conductor XC 682 from the controller X 600 The conductors XC 681 or XC 683 will be grounded in the event that either a class 1 or a class 3 calling line has been registered in the controller X 600 during the class test of the calling subscriber line. As a further result of the class test by the controller X 600, ground potential is extended to the conductor XC 1123 (Fig 3) in order to 70 momentarily operate the test control relay XR 111 O This relay upon operating, at its various contacts disconnects the loop circuit of the calling subscriber line from the previously mentioned circuit for the line relay 75 XR 1130 and connects it to the multiple circuit including the upper winding of the line test relay XR 1120 This connection of the upper winding of the line test relay X Rl 120 to the calling line is for the purpose of de 80 termining whether or not the calling line has a false ground condition thereon If such a condition is encountered and it is of sutlicient magnitude to operate the line test relay X Rl 120, the relay will operate and corm 85 plete, at its contacts Xl 121, a circuit including contacts X 1116 and conductor XCI 167 extending to Fig 10 in order to operate the relay XR 1810 The last mentioned relay if operated will lock itself and thus register the 90 fact that the calling subscriber line has a false ground condition thereon If the line relay XR 1120 does not operate, it will indicate that no false ground condition exists on the calling line Shortly thereafter the con 95 troller X 600 will cause the restoration of the test control relay X Rll O in order to reconnect the line relay XR 1130 to the calling subscriber loop circuit and to disconnect the line test relay XRI 120 therefrom After the 100 above described class and grounded line tests have been made of the calling subscriber line by the controller X 600 portion of the director, a dial tone signal will be transmitted to the calling subscriber in a con 105 ventional manner to indicate that the digits of the called subscriber number may be dialed. DIALING THE CALLED NUMBER When the calling subscriber hears the tone 110 signal, he may dial the seven digit directory number of the desired called subscriber station When the first digit (letter) is dialed by the calling subscriber, the line relay XR 1130 (Fig 3) will respond in the well 115 known manner and it will register this digit in the first code register X 1520 in the call register X 1500 (Figs 7 and 8) More specifically, in response to the first interruption of the loop circuit by the first impulse the 120 line relay XR 1130 will momentarily restore to normal and, at its contacts Xl 131, will extend ground potential by way of the contacts Xl 142 conductor XC 1138 extending to the controller X 600 (Fig 2) and then by way 125 of the conductor XC 717 extending to Fig 7. wiper X 1514 in engagement with the contact terminating the conductor

XCI 551 and the winding of the niagnet XRM 1521 to battery Certain operations are performed by 130 785,734 the controller X 600 during the time pulses are transmitted by the line relay XR 1130 over the above traced circuit to the magnet XRM 1521 so that the magnet XRM 1511 of the receive sequence switch 1510 (Fig 7) is retained energized The magnet XRM 1521 operates and restores in response to each impulse of a series of impulses constituting the first digit (letter) of the called office code, in order to advance its wipers X 1523 to X 1526, inclusive, a corresponding number of steps to register the corresponding digit therein. During the interdigital pause between the first digit and the second digit, the line relay XR 1130 remains in its operated position so that the controller 600 portion of the director will interrupt the circuit for the magnet XRM 1511 As soon as the magnet restores to normal, it will advance its wipers X 1513 to X 1516, inclusive, into engagement with the next set of contacts in the associated contact banks The wiper X 1514 will thus transfer the pulsing circuit from the magnet XRM 1521 to the magnet XRM 1531 Thus, impulses of the second digit dialed by the calling subscriber will be transmitted to the magnet XRM 1531 and its wipers X 1533 to X 1536 will be advanced to register the corresponding digit in the second office code register X 1530. During the interdigital pause between the second and third digit, the magnet XRM 1511 of the receive sequence switch X 1510 will again restore to normal and will advance its wipers one step to transfer the impulsing circuit including the wiper X 1514 from the magnet XRM 1531 to the magnet XRM 1541 of the third office code register X 1540 The third digit dialed by the calling subscriber, which is the third office code digit, will be registered in the third office code register XI 540 in the same manner as has been previously explained The last four digits of the call subscriber number upon being dialed by the calling subscriber will be registered respectively in the first, second, third and fourth numerical register X 1610, X 1620, X 1630 and X 1640 as the receive sequence switch X 1510 advances its wipers over the contacts accessible to the wiper X 1514 and terminating the conductors XC 1554 to XC 1557, inclusive In this manner the seven digits of a called number dialed by a calling subscriber will be registered respectively in the seven registers of the call register X 1500. Each of the above noted registers is arranged so that the associated wipers will be advanced step-by-step in a counter-clockwise direction a number of steps corresponding to the number of impulses in the digit transmitted thereto. In the above description, it was pointed out that the wipers of the receive sequence switch X 1510 are advanced one step after each digit

is registered in the respective registers X 1520, X 1530, X 1540, X 1610, X 1620, X 1630 and X 1640 At the end of the first digit, the wipers X 1513 to X 1516, inclusive, are moved into engagement with 70 the second set of contacts The wiper X 1514 thereby preparing the impulsing circuit for the rotary magnet of the register X 1530 and the wiper X 1515 engaging the contact terminating the conductor XC 1231 75 At the present time, the conductor XC 794, which is connected to the wiper X 1515 is grounded at the contacts X 757 on the operated seizure relay XR 750 in the controller X 600 portion of the director and this ground 80 potential is now extended by way of the conductor XC 1231 extending to Fig 3 in order to complete an operating circuit for the party test relay XR 1150 and for completing a multiple operating circuit for the lower winding 85 of the party line relay XR 1160 Therefore, the relay XR 1150 is operated during the interdigital pause between the dialing of the first digit and the second digit by the calling subscriber 90 As soon as the party test relay XR 1150 operates, it closes its "X" contacts X 1151 before the " Y " contacts Xl 152 are open in order to provide a momentary holding circuit for the upper winding of the line relay 95 XR 1130 At its contacts X 1154 and X 1156, the relay XR I 150 disconnects the ground and battery potentials from the callingcsubscriber loop circuit, and, at its contacts X 1153 and X 1155, it connects the calling subscriber 100 loop to a circuit including the upper winding of the party line relay XR 1160 and the 48 volt auxiliary battery X 1165 and the resistor X 1159 The relay XR 1160 may be of the type disclosed in Patent Specification Serial 105 No 272,872 dated 1st November, 1925, and it is arranged to respond to the station identifying ground impulses transmitted by the special calling device provided at the previously noted party substation on the party 110 line. If the calling party is provided with one of the conventional dials previously noted, then the party line relay XR 1160 will not operate during the dialing of the second 115 digit but the line relay XR 1130 will respond in the usual manner to the dialed impulses. However, if the calling subscriber station is provided with a special dial, both the line relay XR 1130 and the party line relay 120 XR 1160 will respond, the former to the conventional loop impulses and the latter to the station identifying ground impulses transmitted by the return movement of the dial. Each time the line relay XR 1130 restores, it 125 will complete, at its contacts X 1131, the previously described circuit whereby the impulses of the second dialed digit are registered in the second office code register X 1530 The party line relay XR 1160 in re 130 785,734 sponse to each operation thereof will transmit a ground

impulse over the conductor XC 1162 extending to the call recorder X 2000 (Fig 6) to register each one of the ground pulses therein It should be noted, however, that the line relay XR 1130, at its contacts X 1131, may also transmit ground pulses by way of the contacts Xl 142 and the conductor XC 1163 extending to the call recorder X 2000 (Fig 6) so that the latter circuit is jointly controlled by pulses repeated by the selective operation of the party line relay XR 1160 and the line relay XR 1130. In this manner, the identity of the particular station on a calling party line is registered in the call recorder X 2000. At the end of the dialing of the second called office code digit by the calling subscriber, the receive sequence switch X 1510 will advance its wipers an additional step into engagement with the third set of contacts in the associated contact banks and as a result thereof it will interrupt the previously mentioned circuit including the conductor XC 1231 extending to Fig 3 so that the party test relay X R 1150 will now restore to normal The latter relay upon restoring will disconnect the party line relay X R 1160 from the calling subscriber loop circuit and it will recomplete the previously traced circuit for the line relay XR 1130 Thus, it will be understood that it is only during the dialing of the second digit that the party line relay XR 1160 is included in the calling subscriber loop circuit so that the ground pulses transmitted by a special dial at a party line substation will be registered in the call recorder X 2000 All other digits dialed by the calling subscriber will only control the line relay XR 1-130. The third digit dialed by the calling subscriber will be registered in the third office code register X 1540, as previously described, and immediately thereafter the receive sequence switch X 1510 will advance its wipers into engagement with the fourth set of contacts in the associated contact banks. Consequently, the wiper X 1515 will now engage the contact terminating the conduco tor XC 891 Also the wiper X 1514 will engage the contact terminating the conductor XC 1554 so that the pulsing circuit is prepared whereby the fourth dialed digit is registered in the first numerical register X 1610 During the interdigital pause between the dialing of the third and fourth digits the ground potential applied to the wiper X 1515 will now be extended by way of the conductor XC 891 to the controller X 600 (Fig 2) in order to complete a circuit, including contacts X 811, for operating the assigner start relay XR 640 The relay XR 640 now operates in order to cause the translator assigner Xl O 00 (Fig 2) to find the 6,5 particular calling director X 300 being utilized in the present call and to associate the decodel 400 (Fig 4), the code detecting circuit 500 (Fig 5) and the common

translator X 1300 (Fig 6) with the particular calling director 70 It may be well to mention at this time, however, that if the called office code registered in the first, second and third office code registers X 1520, X 1530 and X 1540 is that of the same exchange in which the calling 75 subscriber is located, then the wipers X 1526, X 1536 and X 1546 of the above noted registers will control the controller X 600 portion of the director to disconnect the same from the primary selector X 500 utilized in the pre So sent connection In other words, the registration in the call register XI 500 of the office code that is the same as the office code of the calling subscriber will cause the automatic disconnection of the director from the pre 85 sent connection so that the last four numerical digits dialed by the calling subscriber will directly control local switches to complete the telephone connection to a call subscriber located in the same exchange as the calling 90 subscriber Thus, the released director will immediately become available for use in establishing other telephone connections. Continuing with the description of operation of the apparatus and assuming that the 95 registered called office code is that of a remote called exchange, it will be seen that as a result of the operation of the assigner start relay XR 640, at its contacts X 643 and X 641. it removes ground potential from the con loo ductor XC 685 which terminates in a bank contact accessible to the wiper X 1002 of the translator assigner X 1000 This ground potential is normally maintained on this conductor to mark the controller X 600 busy to 105 the translator assigner X 1000 so that the assigner will not attempt to connect with the controller X 600 until the busy marking ground potential is removed from the conductor XC 685 11 HQ At this time, it may be well to mention the fact that the translator assigner X 1000 is provided with a rotary switch having the wipers X 1001 to X 1003 inclusive, and associated bank contacts which terminate conductors 115 extending individually to each of the directors in the exchange It may be assumed that these vipers have access to at least fifty directors although any number of directors may be accessible to the translator assigner 120 Xl OOO depending upon the amount of traffic and the holding time of the various directors in completing different telephone connections In the present system however, the contacts accessible to the wiper X 1003 have 125 been multipled together to terminate the conductor XC 1070 which extends to the code detecting circuit 500 of Fig 5 In the prior systems, previously noted, the contacts accessible to the wiper X 1003 terminated indivi 130 785,734 dual conductors corresponding to the conductor XCI 070 in order to control a Strowger Switch that was individual to the calling director. As a further result of the operation of the assigner start relay XR

640, at its contacts X 644, it applies ground potential to the start conductor XC 686 thereby initiating the operation of the assigner X 1000 whereby its wipers X 1001 to X 1003, inclusive, will be advanced step-by-step over the associated contact banks to search for the calling director, which is now marked as calling by the connection of the assigner test relay XKR 650 to the bank contact accessible to the wiper X 1002 Since all other directors have, at the present time direct ground potential applied to the conductors corresponding to the conductor XC 685, such directors will be marked busy to the translator assigner X 1000 Other operations performed under control of the assigner start relay XR 640 are described in greater detail in the prior Patent Specification Serial No 692,999 dated 2nd October, 1953. In the translator assigner X 1000, the application of ground potential to the start conductor XC 686 will cause the assigner to rotate its wipers to find the calling director which is marked by the resistance ground potential on the conductor XC 685 When this director is found, further stepping of the wipers X 1001 to X 1003, inclusive, is terminated and a circuit is completed by way of the wiper X 1002, conductor XC 685, contacts X 642 and the winding of ihe assigner test relay XR 650 in the controller X 600 portion of the director The assigner test relay XR 650 now operates and completes, at its contacts X 651, a circuit for the upper winding of the translation failure relay XR 660 and the conductor XC 684 extending to the translator assigner X 1000 This circuit operates a director hold relay (not shown) in the translator assigner but due to the high resistance of the relay XR 660 it does not operate at this time The director hold relay in the translator assigner X 1000, however, completes a circuit whereby ground potential is extended by way of the contacts X 1062, wiper X 1003 conductor XCI 070 extending to Fig 5, whereby the ground potential is rendered available to mark certain conductors in the code detecting circuit 500 depending upon the operated condition of one of the units relay R 550 to R 559, inclusive. As a further result of the operation of the assigner test relay XR 650, at its contacts X 652, it applies ground potential to one of the class marking conductors XC 681 to XC 683 depending upon the class of the callin, line that was previously determined by the controller X 600 The conductors XC 681 to XC 683, inclusive, extend to Fig 6 where they terminate in the class relays (not shown) in the translator X 1300. The assigner test relay XR 650, at its contacts X 653, applies ground potential by way of the conductor XC 679 in order to operate the connect relay R 450 (Fig 4) in the de 70 codel 400 and to operate connect relay XRI 710 (Fig 9) in the translator connector X 1700 It

may be well to mention at this time that the connect relay R 450 and the connect relay X 3 CR 1710 are individual to the 75 particular director being utilized in the present call The various contacts on the connect relay R 450 are multipled to each of the other directors of the system so that whenever one of the other directors is calling, the 80 associated connect relay will be operated to connect that calling director to the decodel 400 The relay XR 1710 is also individual to the instant director, but it should be understood that each of the remaining directors in 85 the system is provided with a similar relay so that the conductors multiply connected to the contacts of the associated relays will connect the particular calling director to the common translator X 1300 90 At the present time, the circuits and apparatus involved in the present call are in a condition to transfer the digits of the called office code registered in the first, second and third code registers X 1520, X 1530 and 95 X 1540 in the call register X 1500 to the decodel 400 (Fig 4) so that a particular translate relay in the translator X 1300 will be operated The particular selected translate relay will in turn automatically translate the 100 three digits of the called office code into appropriate routing digits and other selective controls and to register this information in the coder X 1800 (Fig 10) portion of the particular calling director 105 The manner in which the foregoing translation is accomplished will now be described. Referring now to the call register 3 X 1500 (Figs 7 and 8) it will be recalled that the 110 foregoing operations, whereby the translator assigner X 1000 was controlled to associate the calling director with the decodel 400, the code detecting circuit 500 and the common translator X 1300, occurred as soon as the 115 third digit of the called office code was registered in the third office code register X 1540 At this time the wiper X 1515 of the receive sequence switch X 1510 engaged the fourth contact in the associated contact bank 120 terminating the conductor XC 891 extending to the controller X 600 portion of the director The calling subscriber will continue to dial the remaining four numerical digits of the call subscriber number and they will be 125 registered respectively in the first, second, third and fourth numerical registers X 1610, X 1620, X 1630 and X 1640 in a conventional manner. In the first office code register X 1520, the 130 785,734 wipers X 1523 to X 1526, inclusive, will be standing in engagement with the particular contact in the associated contact banks corresponding to the value of the first digit dialed by the calling subscriber The contacts accessible to the wipers X 1524 and X 1525 terminate four marking conductors WXYZ 21 which are marked in code form in accordance with the value of the digit registered Corresponding marking

conductors WXYZ 22, WXYZ 23, WXYZ 24, WXYZ 25, WXYZ 26 and WXYZ 27 are provided in each of the remaining registers so that the digits registered in the respective registers are marked in code form in bank contacts (not shown) of a send sequence switch X 1650 This switch will be operated at an appropriate time to transmit, in conjunction with the send switch X 1660, impulses for controlling the switching apparatus of the system It should also be noted that the above marking conductors WXYZ 21 are multiply connected to marking conductors HW, HX, HY HZ extending to Fig 4 where they terminate in the respective contacts 451 W, X, Y and Z The WXYZ 22 marking conductors are multiply connected to the marking conductors TW, TX, TY and TZ extending to Fig 4 where they terminate respectively in the contacts 452 W, X, Y and Z. Finally, the WXYZ 23 marking conductors are multiply connected to the marking conductors UW, UX, UY and UZ extending to Fig 4 where they terminate respectively in the contacts 453 W, X, Y and Z In view of the foregoing, it should be understood that the three digits registered respectively in the first, second and third office code registers X 1520, X 1530 and X 1540 are marked in code form on the marking conductors WXYZ 21, WXYZ 22 and WXYZ 23 and they are also marked in the associated marking conductors extending to the decodel 400 of Fig 4. As soon as the connect relay R 450 operates, as previously described, the digits marked in code form on the conductor terminating on the contacts on the relay will control the operation of the hundreds, tens -50 and units registers 401 to 403, inclusive, in the decodel 400 The register relays of the units register 403 have been shown and are designated R 410, R 420, R 430 and R 440. These relays are provided with sets of contact springs arranged in pyramid form so that by operating the relays in certain combinations, or individually, any one of ten conductors, corresponding to the digits 1 to 10, may be selected and marked depending upon the value of the digits marked in code form by the operated condition of the relays. The same sets of relays are provided in the hundreds and tens registers 401 and 402 to translate the code form of the digit into the decimal or numerical form thereof in the same manner as is shown for the units register 403. In view of the foregoing, it will be understood that each of the cables C 460, C 470 and C 480 includes ten marking conductors cor 70 responding respectively to the digits 1 to 0, inclusive The ten marking conductors in the cable C 480 terminate respectively in ten ( 10) units relays R 550 to R 559, inclusive. Any one of the foregoing relays may be op 75 erated to close its associated make contact and connect the ground potential on the

conductor XC 1070 to any one of ten different marking conductors in the cable C 570 The ten conductors in the cable C 570 are multi 80 ply connected to ten sets of make contacts provided each of ten ( 10) different tens relays such as R 520 The 10 tens relays are respectively connected to the ten conductors in the cable C 470 so that the relay in the code 85 detecting circuit 500 corresponding to the digit registered in the tens register 402 will be operated Only three of the tens relays R 520, R 530 and R 540 have been shown but it should be understood that there are 1090 such relays and that each relay is provided with ten make contacts connected to the ten conductors in the cable C 570 The code detecting circuit 500 also includes ten ( 10) hundreds relays, such as R 510 and each relay is 93 provided with 100 make contacts Therefore, the 10 conductors in the cable C 460 are respectively connected to 10 hundreds relays, such as the relay R 510 so that the digit registered in the hundreds register 401 will op 100 erate the corresponding hundreds relay, such as R 510, in the code detecting circuit 500 As illustrated in Fig 5 the relay R 510 is provided with 100 make contacts that terminate the 10 sets of 10 conductors on the 105 tens relays It will be apparent to those skilled in the art, however, that the hundreds relays, such as R 510, instead of being a single relay having 100 make contacts, may instead be 10 individual relays each having 110 make contacts or any other combination whereby 100 contacts can be simultaneously closed In addition to the foregoing, the 100 conductors in the cable C 580 that terminate in the 100 make contacts on the relay R 510 113 are also multiply connected to the 100 corresponding make contacts on each of the remaining 9 hundreds relays. In view of the foregoing it is apparent that the 10 hundreds relays such as R 510 each 120 having 100 make contacts will provide a total 1000 individual conductors which will terminate respectively in the terminal block XTB 1240 Therefore, the registration of any one of 1000 different three digit office codes 125 in the hundreds tens and units registers 401 to 403, inclusive will control the hundreds, tens and units relav in the code detecting circuit 500 to select a particullar one of the conductors out of the 1000 conductors termin 130 785,734 ating in the terminal block XTB 1240 This will provide a single control conductor extending to the common translator X 1300 to operate the particular translate relay corresponding to the three digit called office code registered in the decodel 400. There is an additional point that should be considered in connection with the 1000 conductors extending to the common translator X 1300 by way of the terminal blocks XTB 1240 and XTB 1250 This point concerns the three different class conductors XC 681 to XC 683, inclusive, for operating respectively three different class relays Thus, if each

class conductor, such as XC 681, will operate a different class relay having 1000 make contacts thereon, a total of 3000 conductors may be selected individually corresponding to 3000 different translate relays in the translator X 1300 The selective operation of one of the three class control relays will select one of the three groups of the 1000 conductors. The foregoing system, except for the modifications of the call register X 1500 and the new apparatus including the decodel 400 and the code detecting circuit 500, is fully described and disclosed in the prior Patent Specification Serial No 692,999 dated 2nd October, 1953. For the purpose of this description, it will be assumed that the routing digits required to extend a connection from a calling subscriber in the F Lorida 3 exchange to a called subscribed in the E Mpire 1 exchange are the digits 4 and 8 Consequently, it will also be assumed that the digits 361, corresponding to the letters EM and the digit 1 identifying the E Mpire 1 exchange, are registered respectively in the first, second and third office code register X 1520, X 1530 and X 1540 The digits 361 will be respectively marked on the code marking conductor WXYZ 21, WXYZ 22, and WXYZ 23 extending to the send sequence switch X 1650 and they will also be marked in the hundreds, tens and units registers 401, 402 and 403 in the decodel 400. The hundreds register 401 having the hundreds digit 3 registered therein will complete the operating circuit for the hundreds relay, such as R 510, in the third hundreds group The tens register 402 will have thedigit 6 registered therein and will, consequently, complete the operating circuit to the tens relay, such as R 520, in the sixth tens group Finally, the units digit register 401 having the digit 1 registered therein will complete the operating circuit for the units relay R 550. The code markings employed in the present telephone system is sometimes referred to as a WKXY code wherein any digit from 1 to 9, inclusive, and 0 may be registered and transmitted by operating or marking any one or any two of four WXYZ relays or conductors in accordance with the following code: DIGIT CODE I WX 70 2 WY 3 WZ 4 XY XZ 6 YZ 75 7 W 8 X 9 Y 0 z Since the digit l is registered in the units 80 register 403, the W relay R 440 and the X relay R 430 will be operated At the contacts 441 and 431 of these operated relays a circuit is completed to ground the conductor 1 in the cable C 480 and thereby operate 85 the units relay R 550 in the code detecting circuit 500 The register relays in the hundreds register 401 and in the tens register 402 are exactly the same and operate in the same manner as the register relays in the 90 units

register 403. As a result of the operation of the previously noted hundreds, tens and units relays in the code detecting circuit 500, the ground potential on the conductor XC 1070 will com 95 plete a circuit through the contacts 560 to a conductor 1 in the cable C 570, then through a make contact on the operated tens relay (not shown) in the sixth group to the sixtyfirst conductor (not shown) and then through 100 a make contact on the operated hundreds relay (not shown) in the 300 group to the terminal 361 on the terminal block XTB 1240. This terminal will be jumpered by the jumper J 361 to another terminal on the ad 105 jacent terminal block XTB 1250 terminating a conductor extending by way of the class relay (not shown) in the class relays 613 to a particular translate relay, such as the relay XR 1401 The selected translate relay will 110 now operate and it will translate the called office code digits 361 of the E Mpire 1 exchange into, for example, two routing digits 4 and 8 The translate relay XR 1401 shown in the translator X 1300 (Fig 6) may be ex 115 actly the same as the relay R 1410 shown in Fig 14 of Patent Specification Serial No. 692,999 As soon as the above noted translate relay operates, it closes its various contacts thereby to mark the marking conduc 120 tors in the cable C 640 extending to the different contacts on the operated connect relay XR 1710 (Fig 9) in accordance with the information permanently registered in the operated translate relay XR 1401 125 Referring now to Figs 9 and 10, it will be understood that when the above noted translate relay operates, it will ground the X 111 and Y 11 conductors in the cable C 640 in order to complete circuits for operating the 130 785,734 Xl and Yll register relays (not shown) to register the digit 4 in the first routing register of the coder X 1800 These relays will lock themselves in their operated position by way of the conductor XC 787 A, contacts X 1821 and the conductor XC 787 extending to the controller X 600 (Fig 2) where it is grounded at the contacts X 751 on the operated seizure relay XR 750 Also, the operated Xl I and Y 11 relays in the first route register will apply ground potential to the conductor XC 884 in order to operate the translation complete relay XR 810 in the controller X 600 Although the above description includes the transfer of one routing digit ( 4) from the operated translate relay XR 1401 in the translator X 1300 to the first routing register of the coder Xi OO, it should be understood that all of the information that is permanently wired or registered in the operated translate relay is simultaneously transferred to the coder X 1800 Consequently, the second routing digit 8 permanently registered in the operated translate relay will also be transferred to the second route register in the coder X 1800 by the application of the marking ground potential to the X 12 code marking conductor This will operate

the X 12 register relay (not shown) in the second route register of the coder X 1800 to register, in code form the digit 8 This relay will also lock itself in its operated position to the grounded conductor XC 787 Since only two route digits ( 4 and 8) are registered in the coder X 1800, the remaining four route registers will remain in their restored position Accordingly, it will be appreciated that as many as six routing digits may be translated as a result of the registration of three called office code digits in the call register X 1500. The four WXYZ 17 code marking conductors are provided to indicate the units digit of the rate of charge for the call completed between a calling subscriber in the F Lorida 3 exchange and a called subscriber in any other exchange In the present call it will be assumed that the charge rate for the call between the F Lorida 3 exchange and the E Mpire 1 exchange is the rate 01 and, consequently, the W 17 and X 17 code marking conductors are grounded by the operated translate relay X R 14 Ol to register the units digit 1 in the coder X 1800 The operated W 17 and X 17 register relays will lock in their operated position in the manner previously explained. The TA, TB TC and TD code marking conductors are connected respectively to the control relays XR 1890, XR 1885, XR 1880 and XR 1875 These relays may be individually operated, or they may be operated in various combinations in order to selectively determine the operation of the send sequence switch X 1650 in the call register X 1500 (Figs 7 and 8) of the director The send sequence switch X 1650, as is explained in detail in Patent Specification Serial No. 692,999 is arranged so that it will first select each of the route registers in the coder X 1800 70 to successively render these registers effective so that the send switch X 1660 will transmit impulses corresponding to the route digits to control the setting-up of the connection Thereafter the send sequence 75 switch X 1650 normally renders each of the office code registers and then the numerical registers in the call register Xi 500 effective one after another to mark the send switch X 1660 so that all of the diaits recistered SJ therein by the calling subscriber are successively transmitter to complete the connection to the desired called station However. the above mentioned control relays XRI 890, XR 1885, XR 1850 and XR 1875 may be op 85 erated individually or in combination as previously noted so that the send sequence switch X 1650 may be selectively controlled to skip predetermined ones of the office code and numerical registers in the call register 90 X 1500. In order to describe the various combinations which may be utilized in connection with any telephone call the different control relays will be considered individually For 95 example the TA relay XR 1890 in its

operated position will control the send sequence switch X 1650 to select all seven of the office and numerical registers in the call register X 1500 one after another so that the send 100 switch X 1660 will transmit impulses corresponding to each of the digits registered to the switching apparatus of the telephone system to set up the connection These digits. however, will be transmitted followin 2 the 105 transmission of each of the routine digits that have been registered in the route registers of the coder X 1800 The foregoing operations are accomplished by the TA control relay X 1890 by the opening of all of the 110 break contacts thereon, included in the circuits of the skip 17 conductor XC 1837, skip 18 conductor XC 1838, and skip 19 conductor XC 1839 These conductors correspond respectively to the first second and third 115 office registers X 1520 X 1530 and X 1540. The send sequence switch X 1650 in its operation will sequentially apply around potential to the above mentioned conductors and if the relay XR 1890 is in its operated condi 120 tion, the ground potential cannot be forwarded to the skip common conductor XCI 831 in order to control the send sequence switch X 1650 to skip the corresponding office code register The remaining four skip con 125 ductors skip 20 to skip 23 inclusive, designated XC 1840 to XC 1843, inclusive, correspond respectively to the four numerical registers in the call register X 1500 and whenever a circuit is completed from ground on 130 785,734 any one of the above mentioned conductors to the skip common conductor XC 1831, the corresponding numerical register will be skipped so that the digit registered therein will not be transmitted by the send switch X 1650 With the foregoing operations in mind, it is apparent that whenever the TA control relay XR 1890 is operated, the conductor XC 1837 to XC 1839 are disconnected from the skip common conductor XC 1831 so that the digits registered in the three office code registers corresponding to the above noted conductors will be transmitted. If the TB control relay X'R 1885 is the only one of the four control relays that is operated then the skip 19 conductor XC 1839 will be disconnected from the skip common conductor XYC 1831 so that the send switch X 1660 will now be controlled to skip the digits registered in the first and second office code registers, to transmit the digit registered in the third office code register and then to transmit the four digits registered respectively in the four numerical registers of the call register X 1500. If the TC control relay is the only one of the four control relays that is operated, the send sequence switch X 1650 will be controlled so that it will skip the digits registered in the first, second and third office code registers; it will then transmit the first, second

and third digits registered in the corresponding numerical registers: and it will then skip the digit registered in the fourth numerical register Normally, the TC control relay XR 1880 will be operated in combination with the TA control relay XR 1890 so that the director will properly handle six digit call numbers that have been registered in the call register X 1500 When the TA control relay and the TC control relay XR 1890 and XR 1880 are both operated, the director will skip the first and seventh and will transmit the second to the fifth digits registered in the call register X 1500 after the routing digits registered in the coder X 1800 have been transmitted. If the TD control relay XR 1875 is the only operated one of the four control relays, it will prevent the send sequence switch X 1650 and the send switch X 1660 in the director from transmitting any of the digits that have been registered in the office code and numerical registers in the call register X 1500 Consequently, only the digits registered in the route registers of the coder X 1800 will then be transmitted by the director. If the TA and TD control relays X 5 R 1890 and XR 1875 are in their operated positions and the remaining two control relays are restored, the director will transmit the three office code digits and then skip the last four numerical digits registered in the call register XI 500. If the TB and TC control relays XR 1885 and XR 1890 are operated and the remaining two control relays are restored, the director will skip the first and second office code digits, then transmit the third office code 70 digit, then transmit the three numerical digits, and finally skip the last numerical digit registered in the call register X 1500. If the TB and TD control relays XNR 1885 and XR 1875 are operated and the remaining 75 two control relays are restored, the director will skip the first and second office code digits, then transmit the third office code digit, and then skip all of the remaining digits registered in the call register X 1500 80 If the TA, TC and TD control relays XR 1890, XR 1880 and XR 1875 are operated and the TB control relay XR 1885 is in its restored position, then the director will skip the first office code digit, transmit the second 85 and third office code digits and then skip the last four numerical digits registered in the call register X 1500. From the foregoing, it is apparent that various route digits that are to be registered 90 in the routing registers in the coder X 1800 depend upon the operation of a translation relay that is selected as a result of the dialing of the three called office code digits It is also apparent that the selected translate 95 relay will transfer the routing digits that are permanently wired therein, to the route registers in the coder X 1800 It is also apparent that the selected

translate relay is permanently wired so that it will operate the 100 control relays in one of the plurality of combinations described above in order to obtain the desired control of the director to transmit the digits registered in the routing register and registered in the registers of the call re 105 gister X 1500 to complete the desired connection. For the purpose of the present description of operation, it will be assumed that the TB control relay XR 1885 is operated by the 110 selected translate relay in the translator X 1300 and that the control relay locks itself in its operated position by way of its lefthand make contact to the grounded conductor XC 787 A 115 At the right-hand break contact, the relay XR 1885 disconnects the skip 19 conductor XC 1839 from the skip conductor XC 1831 and thereby controls the director so that after it has first transmitted the routing digits 4 120 and 8, registered in the route register in the coder X 1800 and skipped the remaining route registers, it will skip first two called office code digits registered in the call register X 1500, and it will then transmit the re 125 maining five digits registered therein The reason for skipping the first and second code registers in the call register X 1500 is governed by the fact that the TA control relay XR 1890 is in its restored position which per 130 785,734 mits the skip 17 and 18 conductors XC 1837 and XC 1838 to complete circuits to the skip common conductor XC 1831. It will also be assumed that the particular connection being described is one in which a toll ticketing record must be produced to properly assess the calling subscriber for the call Therefore, the selected translate relay XR 1401 in the translator X 1300 is permanently wired so that whenever it is operated, it will apply ground potential to the AB toll conductor extending to the coder X 1800 so that a circuit will be completed for controlling the call recorder X 2000 This circuit includes the grounded AB toll conductor, a contact on the operated connect relay XR 1710 (Fig 9) contacts X 1811 and conductor XC 2242 extending to the schematically illustrated call recorder X 2000 (Fig 6) A start relay in the call recorder X 2000 will be operated over this circuit to indicate that a record is to be produced containing the items of information pertaining to the telephone connection. Depending upon whether or not the particular charge rate for the call includes the tens digit 1 or the tens digit 0 the Y 18 conductor will either be grounded or not grounded by the operated translate relay XR 1401 If it is not grounded, the tens digit of the rate of charge for the call is the digit 0 and if it is grounded the circuit will be completed by way of the contact on the operated connect relay XRI 710 (Fig 9) and the conductor XC 2245 extending to the call recorder X 2000 (Fig 6) where it will operate a tens digit rate relay to register

the tens digit 1 instead of the tens digit 0 for the rate of the charge. All of the information that is permanently wired and registered in the selected translate relay XR 1401 in the translator X 1300 is simultaneously transferred to the coder X 1800 in the manner described above and, consequently, the translator X 1300 may be disconnected from the particular calling director within a very short interval of time after the selected translate relay is first operated Thus, the actual holding time of the translator X 1300, as well as the decodel 400 and the code detecting circuit 500 by any one director is extremely short This permits the equipment to be utilized in common by a large plurality of directors In order to control the disconnection of the decodel 400, the code detecting circuit 500, and the translator X 1300, the registration of a digit in the first route register WXYZ 11 of the coder X 1800 will apply ground potential to the Go conductor XC 884 extending to the controller X 3600 (Fig 2) so that it will complete an operating circuit for the translation complete relay XR 810 Operation of the latter relay, at its contacts X 811 interrupts a point in the previously traced circuit for the assigner start relay XR 640, so that the latter relay now restores to normal At its contacts X 641 and X 642, the relay XR 640 transfers the hold conductor XC 685 from the circuit including the winding of the assigner test 70 relay XR 650 to a direct ground potential As soon as the above transfer is made, the translator assigner X 1000 is controlled over the conductor XC 685 to rotate its wipers X 1001 to X 1003, inclusive, an additional step in 7 i order to disconnect the translator assigner X 1000 from the particular director As a further result of the restoration of the relay XR 640, at its contacts X 644 it removes ground potential from the start conductor 80 XC 686 in order to restore the start relay (not shown) in the assigner X 1000. Incident to the restoration of the assigner test relay XR 650, at its contact X 652, it removes ground potential from the particular 85 selected class conductor XC 681 to XC 683, inclusive, in order to restore the particular operated class relay (not shown) in the class relays 613 (Fig 6) At its contacts X 651 it interrupts a point in the circuit for the trans 90 lation failure relay XR 660 so that the latter relay cannot be operated from the assigner X 1000 after the restoration of the relay XR 650 Finally at its contacts X 653 the relay XR 650 removes ground potential from 95 the conductor XC 679 extending to Fig 4 in order to restore the connect relay R 450 in the decodel 400 and to restore the connect relay XR 1710 in the translator connector X 1700 (Fig 9) The restoration of the con 100 nect relay R 450 disconnects the three sets of four conductors of the decodel 400 from the corresponding marking conductors terminating in the bank

contacts of the office code register X 1520, X 1530 and X 1540 The re 105 storation of the connect relay XR 1710 disconnects the coder X 1800 portion of the particular director from the translator X 1300. From the foregoing description of operation, it will be understood that the translator 110 X 1300, the decodel 400, the code detecting circuit 500 and all operated relays therein are now restored to normal and the units of equipment are available for assignment to the exclusive use of another calling director 115 During the short interval of time that the above equipment is associated with the particular calling director, the information permanently wired or stored in the selected translate relay in the translator X 1300 is 120 transferred to the coder X 1800. The translation complete relay XR 810 as previously noted is operated to indicate that the coder XISO O has all of the necessary routing information, to complete the particular 125 connection to the desired called subscriber line in the call exchan-e Furthermore, the operation of the relay XR Si O caused the disconnection of the decodel 40 N O the code detectinel circuit 500 and the translator XI 300 130 785,7341 from the particular director As a further result of the operation of the translation complete relay XR 810, it controls the various component parts of the director whereby the send sequence switch X 1650 and the send switch X 1660 therein transmits impulses corresponding to the digits registered in the routing registers of the coder X 1800 and corresponding to the digits that are registered in each of the seven registers in the call register X 1500 However, certain of the registers in the call register X 1500 may be skipped as determined by the operated and restored conditions of one or more of the TA, TB, TC and TD control relays XR 1890, XR 1885, XR 1880 and XR 1875 as has been previously described. In the present call, it has been assumed that the called office code digits 361 of the E Mpire 1 exchange have been registered in the called office code registers of the call register X 1500 and that these digits were translated by operation of the decodel 400, the code detecting circuit 500 and the translator X 1300, into the routing digits 4 and 8 and that these routing digits are respectively registered in the first WVXYZ 11 and the second WXYZ 12 routing registers in the coder X 1800 Therefore, the director will transmit the routing digits 48 registered in the first and second route registers in the coder X 1800 It will skip the third to the sixth route registers in the coder Xl 800, and it will then start to transmit the digits registered respectively in the seven registers of the call register X 1500 However, inasmuch as it is assumed that the TB control relay XR 1885 is in its operated position, the director in transmitting the digits registered in the call register X 1500 will

skip the digits 3 and 6 registered in the first and second office code registers, it will transmit the digit 1 registered in the third office code register, and it will then transmit, in succession, the four numerical digits of the called subscriber number registered respectively in the four numerical registers of the call register X 1500. The impulses corresponding to the above mentioned digits are transmitted from the controller X 600 portion of the director through the director hunter X 450 to the primary selector X 500 By referring to the trunking diagram shown in Fig 1, it will be seen that the first routing digit 4 will control the primary selector X 500 to raise its wipers in the fourth level in the associated contact bank and then rotate its wipers over the selected level to search for and connect with an idle ticket repeater, such as X 2300 The next routing digit 8 will then control the ticket repeater selector X 2700 individually associated with the ticket repeater X 2300 so that the selector X 2700 will raise its wipers to the eighth level and then rotate the wipers to select the repeater X 305 terminating the trunk line extending to the E Mpire 1 exchange The last five digits of the called subscriber directory number are repeated over this connection by the repeater X 305 to 70 control the switching apparatus in the called E Mpire 1 exchange whereby the connection is completed to the desired called subscriber substation. After the send switch X 1660 in the direc 75 tor has transmitted all of the impulses corresponding to the digits required to complete the connection to the called subscriber line, the director will be released so that it is disconnected from the established connection 80 However, it should be understood that the director will not automatically release itself unless ( 1) the call recorder X 2000 and the detector X 1900 have completed their operations to identify the number of the particu 85 lar calling subscriber in a F Lorida 3 exchange and ( 2) the items of information pertaining to the telephone connection, including the calling subscriber directory number, the called subscriber directory number, and 90 the rate of charge for the call have been transmitted to and registered in the selected ticket repeater X 2300 Thus, the director will be retained connected to the established connection until all of the information has 95 been transmitted and stored in the ticket repeater X 2300 In response to the completion of the transmission of the information, the director will then release itself in the manner stated previously 100 All 6 f the foregoing operations of the system and the detailed circuits of the various units of equipment utilized in establishing a connection is disclosed and described in Patent Specification Serial No 692,999, ex 105 cept for the modifications disclosed herein involving the code

switch 1100 (Fig 3), the call register X 1500 (Figs 7 and 8) the new decodel 400 and code detecting circuit 500 illustrated respectively in Figs 4 and 5, and 110 the coder X 1800 (Fig 10) All other operations, including the registration of the elapsed time of the conversation and the subsequent recording of all of the items of information stored in the ticket repeater X 2300 and the 115 operation of the record producing apparatus, including the tabulator X 2800, the ticket tape and record tape punch devices X 2968 and X 2967, are described in detail in the above noted patent 120 LOCAL CALLS TO THE TELEPHONE COMPANY OFFICIAL PABX In the present telephone system, the F Lorida 3 exchange is included in a network with other exchanges wherein each sub 125 scriber substation is identified by a seven digit directory number Each seven digit' directory number includes the first and second letters of the called exchange name, a third digit identifying the number of the 130 785,734 exchange having the particular name and four digits identifying the particular substation in the identified exchange Consequently it is necessary on each call for the calling subscriber to dial the full comiplement of seven di-its into the director whereby the latter mechanism will control the switching apparatus to complete the telephone connection The F Lorida 3 exchange l 1 illustrated in Fig 1 is provided with lines extending to the Telephone Company PABX stations, which stations are identified in the usual manner by a seven digit directory number Consequently, if any subscriber in the F Lorida 3 exchange or in any one of the other exchanges desires to call a particular PABX station, the corresponding seven digit directory number must be dialed However, provisions are made in the present exchange equipment to enable local subscribers in the F Lorida 3 exchange to extend connections to the official PABX stations by merely dialing three digits. To enable local subscribers in the F Lorida 3 exchange to dial the official PABX stations by the dialing of only three digits the terminals of the PABX station lines may be identified by three digit numbers for example, 120, 121 to 129, inclusive 130, 131 to 139, inclusive, etc, whereis the actual number of the different official PABX stations may, for example, be FL 3-2201 to FL 3-2299 and FL 3-2200 In other words, the PABX subscriber stations will be in the 2200 group of connectors in the F Lorida 3 exchange. In dialing the regular seven digit number, for example, FL 3-2201 to extend a telephone connection from a local calling subscriber in the F Lorida 3 exchange to the official PABX station having the above mentioned directory number, the dialing and the registration of the digits 353 corresponding to the letters FL and the numeral 3 of the F Lorida 3 exchange in the director will cause the seizure of the local switching apparatus in the F Lorida 3 exchange, whereby the remaining

digits 2201 will complete the connection to the desired official PABX station. al By referring to Figs 7 and 8 it will be seen that when the digits 353 are registered respectively in the first, second and third office code registers in the call register X 1500, the wiper X 1526 and the wiper s X 1536 will be respectively in engagement with the contacts 3 and 5, whereas the wiper X 1546 will be in engagement with the contact 3 As a result of the foregoing, a circuit will first be completed from ground by 6 o way of wiper X 1526 contact 3 in the associated contact bank, conductor XC 1564 connected to the terminal block XTB 1528 wiper X 1536 in engagement with contact 5 in the associated contact bank, conductor XC 1565 connected to the terminal block XTB 1528 and conductor XC 888 extending to a digit local relay (not shown) in the controller X 600 portion of the director The last-mentioned relay operates to prepare the primary selector X 500 so that it will be in condition to 7 f respond to the third digit dialed by the calling subscriber As previously noted, the third digit dialed b the calling subscriber is registered in the third office code register X 1540 and since the primary selector X 500 75 has been prepared for operation, it will alsorespond to the third digit to raise its wipers to the third level In this level the primary selector X 500 will select an idle local selector, such as the selector X 315 In the mean 84) time however the viper X 1546 of the third office code register X 1540 will be in engagement with contact 3 in the associated contact bank to complete a circuit by way of the conductor XC 1566 on the terminal block 85 XTB 152 ' and the conductor XC 889 to operate a third digit local relay (not shown) in the controller X 600 portion of the director to indicate that the third digit dialed by the calling subscriber identifies the present ex 90 change and that the director may be released from the connection The director upon being released from the connection will interconnect the primary selector X 500 to the calling subscriber line 'so that the last four 95 numerical digits 2201 dialed by the calling subscriber will now respectively control the selector X 315, the selector X 320 and the connector X 395 (which responds to the last two digits 01) to complete the connection to the 100 official PABX 101 It will be apparent that the translator XI 300 and other apparatus required in translating the three digits of a called office code are not utilized in the telephone connections that are comnleted be 105 tween local subscribers in the F Lorida 3 exchange The operation of the switching apparatus in the F Lorida 3 exchange whereby the director is released from the connection after office code digits ( 353) of the F Lorida 110 3 exchange are registered therein and whereby the remaining numerical digits of the called number are dialed directly from the calling subscriber line to

the switching apparatus in order to complete a connection to 115 another local subscriber in the F Lorida 3 exchange is disclosed and described in detail in the previously noted Patent Snecification Serial No 692,999. In view of the foregoing description, it will 120 be apparent that the calling subscriber by dialine the seven dicits FL 3-2201 of the directory number of the official PABX 101 will control the switching apparatus to complete the above described telephone connec 125 tion In the present system, it is also possible for the calling subscriber to obtain connection with the above mentioned official PABX station by merely dialing the three digits 101 A calling subscriber in the 130 785,734 F Lorida 3 exchange by dialing the three digits 101 to extend a connection to the official PABX 101 having the directory number FL 3-2201, will register the digits respectively in the office code registers X 1520, X 1530, X 1540 in the usual manner As a result of the foregoing, the receive sequence switch X 1510 will have moved its wipers into engagement with the contacts 4 terminating the conductor XC 891 to complete the previously described circuit for the assigner start relay XR 640 (Fig 2) The assigner start relay will again cause the translator assigner X 1000 to find and connect with the particular calling director and it will cause the connection of the decodel 400, the code detecting circuit 500 and common translator X 1300 with the director by operating the relay R 450 and it will connect the translator to the coder X 1800 portion of the director by operating the connect relay XR 1710 (Fig 9) in the manner previously described. Since the digits 101 have been registered in the call register X 1500, they in turn will complete circuits whereby these digits are registered respectively in the hundreds register 401, the tens register 402 and the units register 403 of the decodel 400 The latter registers in turn complete circuits for operating the hundreds relay R 510 in accordance with the digit 1, the tens relay R 540 in accordance with the tens digit 0 and the units relay R 550 in accordance with the units digit 1 These relays operate in the manner previously described herein, whereby a circuit is completed from the grounded conductor XC 1070 (Fig 5) by way of the contacts 560 on the operated units relay R 550, the contacts 541 on the operated 0 tens relay R 540, contacts 501 on the operated first hundreds relay R 510 conductor CIOI extending to the terminal block XTB 1240, jumper J 10 I extending to the terminal block XTB 1250 and then by way of the class relays 613 (not shown) to operate a translate relay, such as the relay XR 1400 in the common translator X 1300 (Fig 6) The operated translate relay XR 1400 is permanently wired so that it will mark the WXYZ 11, WXYZ 12 and WXYZ 13 marking conductors in the cable C 640 in accordance with the digits 322 respectively Also, the operated translate relay X R 1400 is

permanently wired so that it will apply ground potential to the TA, TC and TD marking conductors in the cable C 640 Consequently, the digits 322 will respectively be registered in the first, second and third route registers in the coder X 1800 and the TA, TC and TD control relays XR 1890, XR 1880 and XRI 875 will also be operated to perform the specific controls in the director previously described. As a result of the registration of the digit 3 in the first route register (WXY Zi 1) ground potential is again applied to the conductor XC 884 to operate the translation complete relay XR 810 in the controller X 600 portion of the director in the manner previously described Consequently, the decodel 400, the code detecting circuit 500 and the 70 translator X 1300 will be disconnected from the director so that it may be used in translating office code digits registered in other directors Also, the operation of the translate complete relay XR 810 initiates opera 75 tion of the director whereby the send sequence switch X 1650 and the send switch X 1660 co-operate to transmit one after another, the three digits 322 registered in the routing registers of the coder X 1800 The 80 first digit 3 transmitted by the director in the above mentioned manner will control the primary selector X 500 (Fig 1) in a conventional manner to raise its wipers to the third level and then to rotate the wipers to select 85 a selector, such as X 315 The second digit 2 transmitted by the director will control the selectoil X 315 to raise its wipers to the second level and to rotate its wipers over the selected level to search for and connect with an idle 90 selector, such as the selector X 320 The third digit 2 transmitted by the director will now control the selector X 320 to raise its wipers to the second level whereupon the wipers will rotate over this level to search for and select 95 an idle connector, such as the connector 1325. The foregoing route registers are selected in the order named by the send sequence switch X 1650 and since no digits have been 100 registered in the fourth to the sixth route register, the send sequence switch will automatically skip these registers and move into a position to start transmitting impulses corresponding to the digits that may have been 105 registered in the seven registers of the call register X 1500 Inasmuch as the three TA, TC and TD control relays R 1890, R 1880 and R 1875 are now in their operated positions, the sequence switch will be controlled 110 to skip certain of the registers in the call register X 1500 and not to skip certain other registers More specially, the skip 17 conductor XC 1837, which corresponds to the first office code register X 1520, will have 115 ground potential applied thereto and this ground potential will be extended by way of the right-hand make contact 1884 on the operated TC control relay XR 1880 to the skip conductor XC 1831 so that the send

sequence 120 switch X 1650 will skip the first office code register X 1520 Thus, the digit 3 registered in the first office code register will not be transmitted The send sequence switch X 1650 will now apply ground potential to 125 the skip 18 conductor XCI 838 but inasmuch as the TA control relay XR 1890 is in its operated position, no ground potential will at this time be connected to the skip common conductor XC 1831 As a result of the fore 130 785,734 going, the send sequence switch X 1650 and the send switch X 1660 will co-operate to transmit the impulses corresponding to the digit 0 registered in the second office code register X 1530 The impulses of this digit will control the connector X 325 to raise its wipers to the tenth level in a conventional manner. The send sequence switch now applies ground potential to the skip 19 conductor XC 1839 and since the TA control relay XR 1890 is still in its operated position, ground potential will not be connected at this moment to the skip common conductor XC 1831 Accordingly, the digit 1 registered in the third office code register X 1540 will now be transmitted by the director to the connector X 325 to rotate the wipers over the selected level into engagement with the contacts 1 terminating the line of the official PABX 101 The send sequence switch now takes an additional step to ground the skip conductor in an attempt to transmit a digit that may be registered in the first numerical register X 1610 in the call register X 1500 However, it is noted that the TD control relay XR 1875 is in its operated posision to close the contacts X 1876 to X 1879, inclusive The ground potential on the skip 3020 conductor X 1840 will now be connected to the skip common conductor XCI 831 so that any digit that may have been registered in the first numerical register X 1610 will be skipped and not transmitted by the director. The same operations occur as the sequence switch sequentially applies ground potential to the skip 21, 22 and 23 conductors XC 1841 to XC 1843 so that all of the numerical registers will be skipped by the send sequence switch X 1650. The director X 300 will now be released and disconnected from the established connection so that the connection is completed between the local subscriber in the F Lorida 3 exchange and the official PABX 101. From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that the dialing of the three digits 101 by a local subscriber will complete the connection to the official PABX station having the direcn O tory number FL 3-2201 Other official PABX stations are also assigned regular seven digit directory numbers so that they are available to subscribers in other exchanges as well as to local subscribers in the -55 F Lorida 3 exchange, and they may also be assigned special three digit numbers, in the manner described above, whereby local subscribers may establish

connections with desired official PABX stations by merely dialing the appropriate three digit special number. CALLS USING " O " AS THE FIRST DIGIT In certain areas in which toll ticketing apparatus is provided, for example, the Los Angeles Metropolitan area, the single digit 0 is utilized to automatically route telephone connections to an operator position who can then complete the connections on a manual or automatic basis With this arrangement, the " O " operator may also reverse the 70 charges for the connection by ascertaining from the called subscriber whether or not they will accept the charge for the call In view of the fact that the single digit " O " is used for operator calls, three digit called 75 office codes starting with the digit " O could not be used unless some special provision is made in the director to distinguish between the calls in which a single digit " O " is employed and other calls in which the first digit 80 of a three digit office code is also the digit 0. In the present system, the director is arranged to recognize three digit office codes having the first digit 0 and to complete them on an automatic toll ticketing basis to the 85 called destination Also, the director is arranged so that it will recognize single digit 0 calls and to route such calls to the 0 operator position without requiring the use of the decodel 400, the code detection circuit 500, 90 and the common translator X 1300. It is also possible with the present invention to have the same exchange identified by two different three-digit office codes For example the office code 031 of the Z Enith 95 1 and the office code 361 of the E Mpire l, may identify the same exchange Consequently, if it is desired to reverse the charge for the connection, the office code 031 of the Z Enith 1 exchange is dialed instead of the 100 digits 361 of the E Mpire 1 office code With this arrangement, the director apparatus will route the call to the E Mpire 1 exchange, when the code 361 of the E Mpire 1 or the code 031 of the Z Enith 1 exchange is used 105 The toll ticketing apparatus in producing the record of the connection will record either the Z Enith 1 called office code or the E Mpire 1 office code depending upon the code dialed by the calling subscriber and the Z Enith 1 110 code will indicate that the charge for the particular connection is to be assessed against the called subscriber station instead of the calling subscriber station With this arrangement, business establishments in a suburban 113 area may provide the reverse charge facilities for the convenience of their customers so that all calls thereto will be made on a reverse charge basis. In order to describe the foregoing facili 120 ties, it will be assumed that the calling subscriber in the F Lorida 3 exchange for example,

the calling subscriber at substation TS-3, has established a connection in the conventional manner, by way of the line cir 125 cuit X 405, the line finder X 440, primary selector X 500 director hunter X 450 and the miscellaneous relays X 1100 (Fig 3) in the director in manner previously described It will also be assumed that the calling sub 130 is 785,734 scriber has dialed the single digit " 0 " which is registered, in the manner herein described, in the first office code register X 1520 of the call register X 1500 portion of the director. The registration of the single digit 0 in the first office code register X 1520 will cause all of the wipers thereof to engage the tenth contacts in the associated banks, whereby a circuit is completed by the wiper X 1526 through the lower winding of the reverse charge relay R 1600 to the pick-up conductor C 1603 Battery potential momentarily appears on the pick-up conductor C 1603 approximately two seconds before a ground pulse appears on the two second pulse conductor C 1604 Thus, from two to four seconds may elapse before a ground pulse will appear on the conductor C 1604. In the present example, it has been assumed that only the single digit 0 has been dialed and, consequently, the receive sequence switch X 1510 will have advanced its wipers only one step Thus, the wiper X 1515 will engage the contact terminating the conductor XC 1231 to complete a holding circuit for the reverse charge relay R 1600 provided the latter relay has been operated. This holding circuit may be traced from the grounded conductor XC 794 (normally grounded by the controller X 600 portion of the director) wiper X 1515, contacts 1601 and the upper winding of the relay R 1600, to battery Within approximately two seconds after the relay R 1600 first operates, a ground pulse will appear on the two second pulse conductor C 1604 to complete a circuit by way of the contacts 1602, conductor XC 1518 extending to Fig 10, contacts 1859, and the winding of the 0 operator relay XR 1850, to battery The O operator relay XR 1850 in the coder X 1800 (Fig 10) will immediately operate and lock itself by way of its contacts 1858 to the grounded conductor XC 787 A The latter conductor is grounded by the operated seizure relay XR 750 (Fig 2) in the controller X 600 portion of the director Since the 0 operator relay XR 1850 performs the same functions and controls that are explained in detail in Patent Specification Serial No 712,508, the description of its operation will not be repeated herein It should be understood, however, that the 0 operator relay XR 1850 marks the first and second route registers in the coder X 1800 in accordance with the digits 5 and 8 respectively, so that the director will transmit the two routing digits 5 and 8 to route the particular connection by way of the primary selector X 500 and the special selector X 340 (Fig 1) The primary selector X 500 will respond to the digit 5 and the special

selector X 340 will respond to the digit 8, both transmitted by the director, in order to complete the connection to the 0 operator position However, before the above mentioned connection is completed, it should be noted that the 0 operator relay XR 1850, at its contacts X 1856, completes an obvious circuit for operating the TD control relay XR 1875 In view of the fact that the 70 TA, TB and TC control relays XR 1890, XR 1885 and XR 1880 are in their restored position and the TD control relay XR 1875 is in its operated position, the skip 17 to skip 23 conductors XC 1837 to XC 1843, inclusive, 75 will be sequentially grounded by the send sequence switch X 1650, so that the skip common conductor XC 1831 will cause the send sequence switch to skip all of the registers in the call register X 1500 80 It is noted that the above described operation of the director to route a call to the 0 operator position in response to the dialing of the single digit 0 is similar to the operation described in Patent Specification Serial 85 No 712,508 However, in the present arrangement, the reverse charge relay R 1600 has been placed in the circuit to introduce a predetermined delay interval before the 0 operator relay XR 1850 can be op 90 erated The reason for this delay will be more apparent in connection with a call in which three digit called office code utilizes the digit 0 as a first digit. The remaining operations of the director 95 in completing the above described connection to the " O " operator position and the release of the director is exactly the same as is explained in the above noted Patent Specification Serial No 712,508 and will not 100 be repeated at this time It is important to note that the translator assigner X 1000, the decodel 400, the code detecting circuit 500, and the translator X 1300 are not utilized on " O " operator calls 105 REVERSE CHARGE As pointed out previously, certain calls may be made to the E Mpire 1 exchange on a reverse charge basis by merely substituting the called office code 031 of the Z Enith 110 1 exchange for the office code 361 of the E Mpire 1 exchange The reversal of charge for the connection is accomplished by recording the exchange name Z Enith 1 instead of the exchange name E Mpire 1 The mere 115 fact that the toll ticketing information produced in connection with the telephone call has a Z Enith 1 office code is sufficient indication to the telephone company that the charge for that particular call should be 120 made against the called subscriber substation instead of against the calling subscriber substation as is the usual case Another point of importance in connection with a call in which the called office code has a first digit 125 0 is that the director must distinguish between a single digit 0 call that is to be routed to the operator and a three-digit office code having a first digit 0 that must be routed to the exchange

identified by the three digit 130 785,734 office code. In order to describe the foregoing facilities provided in the director of the present system, it will be assumed that the calling subscriber in the F Lorida 3 exchange makes the same type of call as described above where only a single digit 0 is dialed into the director The single digit 0 is registered in the first office code register X 1520 and no further digits are dialed by the subscriber As a result thereof, the reverse charge relay R 1600 is locked in its operated position so that the call is routed to the 0 operator position However, if the calling subscriber should continue to dial additional digits so that a three digit called office code is registered in the three office code registers X 1520, X 1530 and X 1540 in the manner previously described, the receive sequence switch X 1510 will be positioned to open the locking circuit for the relay R 1600 so that the relay will then be in its restored position to prevent the call from being routed to the 0 operator position. If it is assumed that the office code 031 of the Z Enith 1 exchange is registered in the office code registers of the call register X 1500, the above mentioned locking circuit for the upper winding of relay R 1600 will be opened in less than two seconds after the relay is first operated by the battery pulse transmitted over the pick-up conductor C 1603 The relay R 1600 will continue to be operated at spaced intervals by the battery pulse of the conductor C 1603 but this battery pulse will be removed from the last mentioned conductor before the two second pulse appears on the conductor C 1604. Therefore, the relay R 1600 will be in its restored position when the pulse appears on the conductor C 1604 This will prevent the 0 operator relay XR 1850 in the coder X 1800 from being operated even though a first digit 0 of a three digit called office code is registered in the first office code register X 1520. More specifically, the wiper X 1526 will apply ground potential to the circuit for the lower winding of the relay R 1600 in response to the registration of the digit 0 When the battery pulse is received on the conductor C l 603, the relay will operate and, at its contacts 1601, it can lock itself in its operated position to the previously described circuit including the wiper X 1515 and the grounded conductor XC 794 If the second digit is immediately registered in the second office code register X 1530, receive sequence switch X 1510 will advance its wipers one step to interrupt the holding circuit for the upper winding of relay R 1600 The latter relay will continue to operate and restore each time a pick-up pulse is received over the conductor C 1603 but since the pick-up pulse on the conductor C 1603 is removed therefrom before the two second ground pulse appears on the conductor C 1604, the relay R 1600 will be in its restored nosition

The 0 operator relay XR 1850 ii the coder XI 500 cannot be operated if one or moare digits are recistered in the call register X 1500 after the digit 0 70 is registered in the first office code register X 1520 therein. With the digits 031 registered respectively in the office code registers of the call register X 1500, the controller X 600 portion of 75 the director will be controlled in the manner previously described whereby the digits 031 are registered respectively in the hundreds. tens and units registers 401, 402 and 403 in the decodel 400 (Fig 4 ' and these registers 80 in turn will control the corresponding hundreds, tens and units relay in the code detecting circuit 500 so that a particular terminal 031 on the terminal block XTB 1240 is selected and marked with a ground poten 85 tial This terminal may be connected by way of the jumper 10331 to the terminal block XTB 1250 to operate for example the translate relay XR 1401 in the translator X 1300. This translate relay may be the same trans 90 late relay that is individual to the office code digits 361 of the E Mpire I exchange Consequently the translate relay XR 1401 may be operated either as a result of dialing the code digits 361 of the E Mpire 1 exchange or 9 a the code digits 031 of the Z Enith 1 exchange. The same routing translation is produced for either of the above office codes and these translations are registered in the coder X 1800 in the manner previously described 100 so that the proper routing digits may be transmitted by the send sequence switch X 1650 and the send switch X 1660 In other words, the digits 4 and 8 registered in the routing registers of the coder X 1800 are first 105 transmitted The selected translate relay XR 1401 will also be arranged so that it will cause the operation of the TB control relay XR 1885 Thus, the first and second code digits 03 of the office code 031 registered in 110 the office code registers of the call register X 1500 will not be transmitted However. the last digit 1 of the office code 031 and the four numerical digits of the called subscriber station in the called exchange (E Mpire 1) 115 will be transmitted to complete the connection. In the above description it is assumed that the registration of the digits 031 of the Z Enith 1 exchange will select the same trans 120 late relay XR 1401 that is selected whenever the digits 361 of the E Mpire 1 exchange are registered It should be understood, however, that another translate relay may be provided having its terminals permanently 125 wired to control the director to transmit any desired routing digits, as well as certain combinations of the digits registered in the call register X 1500. In any event the completed connection 130 785 734 between the two

subscribers will be recorded in the manner previously explained but in the present case in which the Z Enith 1 exchange code is registered as the called exchange of the telephone connection, the corresponding code will be printed or perforated on the toil ticket that is produced as a result of the connection The information on the toll tickets is usually scanned by billing machines provided in the telephone exchange These billing machines are arranged so that they will make a charge for the call against a calling subscriber station, which in the present call would be a subscriber in the F Lorida 3 exchange However, the machines may be arranged so that they will sort out calls in which the called exchange is identiged as the Z Enith 1 exchange so that such calls will be charged against the called station instead of the calling station This is possible because the Z Enith 1 called exchange code and the numerical digits of the directory number identify the particular station in the E Mpire 1 exchange that has subscribed for the reverse charge service and has agreed to pay for all calls received at the station It should also be apparent that the station in the E Mpire 1 exchange having the reverse charge service may also be called by dialing the regular office code digits 361 of the E Mpire 1 exchange In the latter event, the charge for the call will be made against the calling station in the F Lorida 3 exchange instead of against the called station in the E Mpire 1 exchange.

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* GB785735 (A)

Description: GB785735 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improvements in cigarette packages

Description of GB785735 (A)

A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available

amongst the following family members:

DE942859 (C) DE942859 (C) less Translate this text into Tooltip

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COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in Cigarette Packages I, KURT KORBER, a German Citizen, of 10 Am Pfingstberg, Hamburg-Bergedorf, Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: The invention relates to a cigarette packing, particularly the so-called soft packings, in which a finger grip or tearer strip is provided for opening the top closure of the package, which strip is disposed in the form of a loop around the folds of the top closure and has for its purpose to tear off the sealing strip located over the top closure before the top closure is opened. Such packings are known in themselves. The packing according to the invention differs from the known arrangements by a new method of forming the loop of the finger grip strip. In the known packings the fold lines of the finger grip strip necessary for forming the loop, run not only perpendicularly to the longitudinal edge of the strip but also at an angle of for example 45" to the longitudinal edges of the strip so that the loops thereof protect laterally from the flaps of the top closure to be opened and thus on gripping the strip there is the danger that the loops may slide off the flaps and the packing is not opened. This danger is further increased by the fact that in tearing the sealing band a considerable tearing force is involved which must be absorbed by the loops of the finger grip strip. In order to permit a satisfactory tearing of the sealing band and to ensure a reliable opening of the packing the invention provides that the loops of the finger grip strip are formed by three folds running

perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the strip and the loops run in such a way that the flap of the narrow end side of the top closure, lying at the bottom, is surrounded by an inwardly closed loop and the two flaps of the wider side of the top closure lying on theln-by an outwardly closed loop. In order however that only one corner of the top closure shall be opened one part of the top closure is separated by cuts made in the wider flaps from the remaining part which is stuck down by means of a sealing label which secures this top closure part to the side walls of the packing. It will be seen that by the said loop formation satisfactory opening of part of the top closure is reliably permitted so that the finger grip strip can also be used at the same time for lifting the first cigarettes. Said so-called lifter strips are known in themselves but the combination with a finger grip strip which preliminarily tears off the sealing band have not been known heretofore. The invention offers a series of further advantages; in the first place it is advantageous that for forming the folds running only perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the strip a much more simple mechanism is necessary than is required for the known angular folds. The strip can be led in a flexible manner through the machine together with the flap folders. Since difficult oblique folding of the strip is avoided, the loop sections which become operative for lifting the flaps can be made as long as required. A further advantage is that at every phase of the opening the force applied thereto encounters an appropriate counter force in the following phase. Thus the upper outward loop of the finger grip strip provides a counter resistance necessary for the tearing of the sealer band and the inner loop lying at the bottom and surrounding the end flap is supported likewise for lifting the two side flaps. It is also of importance that by the simple and satisfactory folding of the finger grip strip the opened section of the top closure which is merely folded up but not torn off can always be again folded down and then closed after returning the cigarettes raised thereby but not withdrawn, whereby the finger grip strip automatically follows the fold formation. The invention will be described on the basis of the accompanying drawing which shows the production of the packings in their successive phases. According to Fig. 1 the finger grip strip 1 is wrapped in U-form around the block Z of cigarettes so that the finger grip end la projects upward to a sufficient extent. 2 indicates the tin foil blank which is provided with slits 2a and 2b on the parts forming the wider sides of the top closure. This blank 2 is folded in known manner

according to Fig. 2 about the cigarette block. In the position in Fig. 2 the flaps 2c and 2d of the two wider sides of the top closure to be formed later stand vertically upwards while the flaps 2e and 2f on the narrower side of the packing are already folded inwards. On folding the flap 2f the strip 1 is also folded inwardly as an inwardly closed loop so that as shown in Fig. 7 a loop S1 is formed which surrounds the end flap 2f. Then as shown in Fig. 3 the flaps 2c and 2d are folded inwards and then the outer shell 5 is fitted in known manner around the whole tin foil liner as shown in Fig. 4. Then the flaps 2c are stuck down by means of a sealing label 3 folded into U-shape in such manner that the top closure formed by the flaps 2c remains joined firmly with the packing shell 5. Then as shown in Fig. 5 the finger grip 1 is folded into the plane of the flaps 2c over the sealing label 3 so that, as shown in Fig. 7, an outwardly closed further loop S., is formed which surrounds the two side closure flaps 2d (see Fig. 5). Finally the sealing band 4 is stuck down over the horizontal loop of the finger grip strip 1 as shown in Fig. 6 in such manner that the slits 2ffi. are covered and the free end la of the strip 1 projects suffiiciently far over the sealing band 4 to provide an easily gripped end icc. From Fig. 7 is will be seen clearly that only three folds F1, F and F3 are required for forming the double loop which all run perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the strip 1. If the packing is to be opened the finger grip end icc is lifted and first the sealing band 4 is torn. For this purpose the outer loop S provides the necessary counter pressure so that after tearing the sealing band by the loop S the tvo lateral flaps 2d are lifted and come to the position shown in Fig. 2, while the side flaps 2c remain in their closed position by means of the sealing label 3. If the strip 1 is further lifted then the end flap 2f is erected by the loop S1. The finger grip strip then takes an extended position somewhat as indicated by Fig. 1 so that the adjacent first cigarettes can be pulled out upwardly. After the first cigarette ha beep withdrawn the lifted cigarettes can be pressed back into the package and thereby the strip is again carried with them down to the bottom of the package. If the packing is to be again closed the end flap 2f and then the two side flaps 2d need to be folded down into the position shown in Fig. 4. Then the strip automatically follows these fold movements so that it lies in the position shown in Fig. 4. Thus it only need be folded to the Fig. 5 position. In Specification No. 785,076 (19380/55). a method for packing cigarettes or the like in a soft package is described which is characterised in that a finger grip strip withdrawn 'from a magazine or from a reel is folded around part of a cigarette

block and projects to a certain extent bevond the length thereof, these operations being performed in a modified packing machine of known type or of desired type before the cigarette block is brought against a tin foil wrapper provided with slits or perforations at two opposed points so that the projecting end of the strip is folded in on folding the top closure in such manner that it is in the form of a loop enclosed by a corner section of the top closure separated from the rest of the top closure by means of the slits or perforations and is arranged to lie above the finally folded top closure and below the sealing element subsequently to be applied thereto and projects therefrom. What I claim is: 1. A soft packing in which a finger grip strip is provided for opening the top closure of the packing, which strip is laid in the form of loops about the folds of the top closure and serves initially for tearing the sealer band extending over the top closure before the latter is opened, characterised in that the loops of the finger grip strip are formed by three folds running perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the strip and the loops run in such a way that the flap of the narrow end side of the top closure, lying at the bottom, is surrounded by an inwardly closed loop and the two flaps of the wider side of the top closure lying on them are surrounded by an outwardly closed loop. 2. Soft packing according to Claim 1 for cigarettes characterised in that the finger grip strip is provideid with an outer end portion and the other end thereof is folded in U-form around the cigarette block. 3. Soft packing according to Claims 1 and 2 characterised in that a part of the top closure is firmly connected by a sealing label with the outer shell of the packing. 4. Soft packing including a finger grip or tearer strip substantially as herein described and illustrated.

* GB785736 (A)

Description: GB785736 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improvements in or relating to straight bar knitting machines

Description of GB785736 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventor: ANTON LOGIMANN 785,736 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Oct 10, 1955. No 28838/55. Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 74 ( 2), C(IC 1: 15). International Classification:-DO 4 b. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Straight Bar Knitting Machines We, ARWA FEINSTRUMPFWIRKEREI G.M B H, 'Gerberstrasse 32-36, Backnang/ Wurttemberg, Germany, a I Body Corporate organised according to the laws of Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to straight-bar knitting machines having dividing sinkers and jack sinkers. With the increase in operating speed and delicacy of straight-bar knitting machines there is a danger of the edges of the 'butts of the sinkers catching against each other At high speeds even slight vibration of the catch bar can cause the edges of the butts of the dividing sinkers to catch against the edges of the butts of the jack sinkers when the sunk loops are being divided. One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a construction which will largely overcome this difficulty, According to the present invention there are provided guide means which guide the butts of the dividing sinkers and the butts of the jack sinkers relatively to each other in every position thereof Said guide means may comprise suitably shaped enlargements (sinker backs) on adjacent sinkers which overlap in all positions resulting from relative movements in operation The enlargements may be 'of the butts as a whole or form projections thereon. Several constructional examples of the invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the example according to 'Fig 1, the butt 3 of a jack sinker 1 and the butt 4 of a dividing sinker 2 are enlarged as a whole to such a width that even after the loops have been sunk, the butt 4 of the dividing sinker 2 overlaps the butt 3 of the jack sinker 1 and it is not possible for the edges of the butts to catch against each other. According to the example in Fig 2 the same effect is achieved as in the preceding example by providing the butt 3 ' of the jack sinker 1,

which is: of normal width, with a projection 5 which overlaps the butt 4 in every position of the two sinkers 1 and 21 Alternatively, as the example according to Fig 3 shows, the butt 4 of the dividing sinker 2 can be provided with a projection 6 which overlaps the butts 3 of the two adjacent jack sinkers 1 irrespective of the positions of the sinkers,

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* GB785737 (A)

Description: GB785737 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Maintenance of brightness in bleached wood pulp

Description of GB785737 (A)

A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available amongst the following family members:

BE542859 (A) CH341706 (A) DE1043789 (B) FR1153424 (A) CH348044 (A) DE1049222 (B) FR1159573 (A) BE542859 (A) CH341706 (A) DE1043789 (B) FR1153424 (A) CH348044 (A) DE1049222 (B) FR1159573 (A) less Translate this text into Tooltip

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Oct 24, 1955. 785,737 No 30309155. t, 1 Application made in United States of America on Nov19, 1954. Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Classes 15 ( 2), A 1 (AIR 3:C 1 B); and 9 %, B( 131 X:13 X:14 X). International Classification:-DO 61, D 21 h. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Maintenance of Brightness in Bleached Wood Pulp We, FOOD MACHIN-EMY AND CHEMICAL Co R Po P, k Ti Ox, a Corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, United States of America, located at 1105, Coleman Street, San Jose, State of California, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:This invention pertains to a method of making brightness-stable pulp and more particularly to a method of making bleached chemical pulps brightness-stable during storage. In pulp and paper mill practice, paper making pulps are ordinarily dried or dewatered to a relatively high density to prepare them for storing or economical shipping At this stage, the pulps have generally been bleached to the brightness level necessary to make them suitable for preparing a paper furnish In other words, the pulps at this stage are ordinarily at the brightness level of at least 50 to 60 GE units and most often at the brightness level of about 70 to 85 GE units At the same time the pulps will be at a relatively high density, generally in the range of 75 % to 90 % Attainment of the necessary brightness level in bleaching chemical pulps is obviously connected with appreciable bleaching costs and it is v-ery important that a brightness level once obtained in bleaching the pulp be preserved so that a pulp bleached, for example to a brightness of 80 GE units wvill show substantially the same brightness after prolonged shipping and storing periods preceding the time at which the bleached pulp is actually used in making up a paper furnish Any loss of brightness during that period is objectionable lPrir >. and represents partly a wasted effort in bleaching and partly a serious inconvenience to the paper maker. Overbleaching of the pulp to take care of brightness loss during storage or ship 50 ing is also objectionable, partly because of cost but mainly because overbleaching is apt to cause fiber damage. It is however, well known that bleached chemical pulps, dried or dewatered to a 55 high density for storing and shipping purposes, will ordinarily suffer a brightness decrease This brightness decrease is

particularly pronounced in the case of semi or fully-bleached chemical pulps in 60 the brightness range of about 70 to 85 GE units Another factor contributing to brightness loss is the heat retained in baled bleached pulp that has been dried on conventional equipment The brightness loss 65 in such pulp is still more pronounced than the brightness loss in bleached pulps which are either stored moist or are partially dried at low drying temperatures prior to storage All in all, the problem 70 of preserving the obtained brightness during storage and shipping of such pulp is an important one to the pulp and paper-making industry. We have now found that the bleached 75 brightness of chemical pulps brought to a relatively high density of 75 % to 90 %' after bleaching can be maintained if there is present in the bleached high density pulp a certain very small amount of 80 hydrogen peroxide and if, moreover, the pulp at this stage is within a critical p H range Neither the presence of hydrogen peroxide alone nor p H adjustment alone will maintain original bleach brightness 85 of the bleached high density pulp It is essential that both hydrogen peroxide content of the bleached high density pulp and its p H are at a certain critical level just prior to storage or shipment 90 785,737 The invention consists in a method of maintaining brightness level in bleached chemical wood pulp having a pulp density of 75 % to 90 % and having a p H within the range of 6 to 10 characterized by the step of incorporating in the bleached pulp 0 02 % to 0 25 % of hydrogen peroxide based on the weight of the pulp, and obtained from an aqueous alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution or a material generating hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution. In accordance with the method of this invention, pulps will maintain their initial brightness for considerable periods of time if the pulp p H is between about 6 and 10 while approximately O 02 to 0 25 % H 2 02 by weight is present in the pulp. Such pulps may be stored or shipped and after 4 to 6 weeks will be found to possess their original brightness level. The particular pulp p H required will depend to an extent on the pulp type, pulp brightness and pulp purity Pulps of higher brightness and higher purity will preferably be prepared to fall in the lower part of the p H range indicated, whereas pulps of lower brightness and lower purity, for instance pulps containing quantities of noncellulosic matter, will preferably fall in the higher part of the p H range The particular p H to be chosen within the range given will also he affected by the mode of treatment and the amount of hydrogen peroxide used In the examples of the disclosure the p H values given have been determined by reslurrying the pulp to a density of about 1 to "% and measuring the p H in that slurry by electrometric means.

Ordinarily hydrogen peroxide will be used as the oxidizing agent in this method hut other percompounds yielding hydrogen peroxide when dissolved in water may also be used The amount of hydrogen peroxide which is required to maintain pulp brightness in the sense of this invention is approximately between O 02 and 0.2 a% 1 H 202 by weight. Ordinarily, an alkali will lbe required in addition to the hydrogen peroxide to adjust the pulp p H to the preferred range of 6 to 10 The nature of the alliali to be used is not critical and alkalies such as pyrophosphates, tripolyphosphates, other phosphates or borates of alkali metals, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, or sodium hydroxide may he used. If desired auxiliary azents such as sequestering agents w-ettin'g agents or the like may be used in addition to the alkali. Because of the wide yariations in properties of bleached chemical puips preliminary tests w-ill often be necessary to determine the hydrogen peroxide and alkali requirements sufficient to produce in a given bleached high density pulp the hydrogen and p H level suitable for preserving the initial bleached lrightuess:, 70 The various examples given later illustrate in detail the method of this invention but, although the 11202 and p H requirements will always he within the range specified above, optimum results may be obtained 75 for a given pulp only after preliminary testing. The method of this invention is genera'ly 1 applicable to all commercial types of bleached chemical and bleached 80 semi-chemical pulps such as Kraft soda or sulphite pulps. The particular manner ill whill te hydrogen peroxide and if required, alkali or auxiliary chemicals, is incorporated into 85 the bleached high density pulp are not critical and no particular method of incorporating these agents into the pulp is claimed here The hydrogen peroxide and the alkali, if required may he ineorpor 90 ated into the bleaehed pulp during or followiing meehaniii( l dewvatering or if the pulp is subjected to a drying operation. these chemicals mar be incorporated before during or alter dryiing the pulp 95 The only critleal requiiement is that the bleached high density pulp contain the prescribed amount of HW 1 O and have the proper p H before baling or otherwise readying the pulp for storage and or 100 shipment. The chemicals required by the method of this invention will ordinarily be used in aqueous solutions These solutions may he introduced into the pulp by any conv-en 105 ventional blending equipment by mechanical pressure rolls or by spraying The chemicals can also be introduced into the pulp bcy exposing the pulp to a mist or vapor of those solutions Wherever the 11 presence of alkali is necessary for p HI adjustment: that is to say wherever more than one chemical is to be

introduced into the pulp, the chemicals may he introduced jointly in the form of a mixed 115 solution. The bleached pulp to be treated in accordance with this invention may he in sheet form or in crumb form and the mode of application of chemicals will obi-viously 120 be dictated by the pulp form: that is, sheet or cruimbj However, in either case the actual (hoice of mode of apulication of chemicals is not critical and amy natode of applicatioln suitable or dcsi a 1 lc under tbe 125 particular operating con dvi mn pnevailling mar be chosen. As further illstrtcd th oxomnples the process of this fin-ention reisults in substantially maintainin'g the blleached 130 785,737 brightness of the pulp particularly in the pulp brightness ranges considered here; namely from about 50 GE units to 80 GE units The method of the invention will not appreciably, if at all, increase pulp brightness beyond the initial bleached brightness of the pulp but provides a simple, efficient and economical way substantially to preserve and maintain the brightness obtained in initial bleaching of the pulp regardless of the particular bleaching method employed and whether the bleachant was chlorine or peroxide or a combination of chlorine or peroxide bleaching steps. EXAMPLE 1 Bleached soda pulp of 81 4 GE units brightness was mechanically dewatered, passed through a pulp drying machine and then baled After a storage period' of '3 weeks, the brightness of this baled pulp had dripped to 78 5 GE inits. Another sample of the same bleached soda pulp of 81 brightness was mechanically dewatered Hydrogen peroxide and sodium tripolyphosphate were then incorporated into the pulp which substantially was dried and at this point contained 0.0251 % 11202 on an oven dry basis while the pulp p H was 6 7 After baling, the pulp was stored for three weeks at the end of which time the pulp brightness was 81.7 or substantially the same as the initial. EXAMPLE 2 Another sample of the same soda pulp, as used in Example 1 with a bleached brightness of 81 4 was again mechanically dewatered Hydrogen peroxide and sodium pyrophosphate were then incorporated into the pulp The pulp was then dried to approximately 75 % density and subjected to an accelerated aging test by being exposed for 16 hours in a closed container to a temperature of 600 C Before aging, the pulp was at a p H 6 5 and contained O 075 % 11202 on a dry pulp basis After the aging test, the pul;p brightness was 81 8 whereas a similar sample of the same bleached soda pulp aged without' hydrogen peroxide treatment dropped in brightness upon agin ' to 777. N sample of the same soda pulp containinig before aging, O 075 % 11202

but having a p H of 5 5 showed brightness drop from an initial brightness of 81 4 to 77.3 during the accelerated aging test. This indicates the importance of proper pulp p H. EXAMPLE 3 Southern Pine Kraft pulp was bleached in a conventional manner to 84 1 GE units brightness and dewatered It was then dried approximately 75 % density, baled and stored for 2 weeks Due to the drving treatment, initial baled pulp temperature was approximately 600 C and this temperature dropped to about 250 C. during' the storage period At the end of 70 the storage period, original pulp brightness had dropped from 84 1 to 79 8. A sample of the same bleached Kraft pulp was mechanically dewatered Hydrogen peroxide, sodium tripolyphosphate, 75 and a sequestering agent (the sodium salt of ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid) were then incorporated into the pulp The pulp was then dried to approximately 75 % density, baled, and stored for 2 weeks 80 The initial pulp temperature was again about 60 C 1 C and dropped to about 250 C. during the storage period The baled pulp contained 0 03 % H 202 and showed a p H of 7 4 Pulp brightness after storage 85 was 84 2 or essentially the same as the original pulp brightness of 84 1. EXAMPLE 4 Kraft pulp bleached in a conventional manner was dried to approximately 80 % 90 density, at which time the brightness was 81.4 It was then baled and stored for 4 weeks At that time the brightness had dropped to 79 2. Another sample of the same Kraft pulp 95 was dried in a dryer to approximately % density The pulp leaving the dryer was sprayed with an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and thereafter contained O 13 % 11202 on an O D l)asis while 100 pulp p H was 8 2 After 4 week storage period, pulp brightness was still 81 8. EX MPLE 5 Kraft pulp bleached to 83 8 brightness 105 was sheeted and passed through a conventional wet press and then pressed again to about 48 % density The sheet was passed through a dryer, baled, and stored for 26 days At the end of this 110 storage period, original brightness of 83 8 had dropped to 78 3. A sample of the same Kraft pulp was dewatered by pressing to form a sheet of about 40 % density Into this sheet were 115 then incorporated sodium silicate, sodium hydroxide and a sequestering agent (the sodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) Then the pulp was passed through a wet press which further 120 increased pulp density to about 48 % and at this stage hydrogen peroxide was incorporated in the pulp sheet which was then passed through a conventional dryer At this point, the pulp contained O 07 % H/o 102 125 and had a p H of 8 7 After baling the pulp was stored for 26 days at the end of which

period pulp brightness was found to he 84 8 or substantially the same as the initial pulp brightness 1 o 785,737 EXAMPLE 6 Suilplite pulp bleached in a conventional mianner to a brightness of 85 8 and pressed and dried to approximately 80 % density was stored for S days At this time, original pulp brightness of 85 8 ihad 3 ipped to 79 9. A sample of the salime bleached sulphite pulp was pressed and hydroggen peroxide and sodium tripolyphosphate were ineorporated into the pulp which was then dried to approximately 50 % density The pulp before storage contained about 0 1 % Th 02 and had a p H of about 73 After R days storage the pulp brightness was found to he 83 8 the same as the initial plilp brightness. Ex Ai Pr LE 7 Northern hardwood Kraft pulp hleached in the conventional manner to about 84 brightness was dewatered and dried 10 about 75 % density, then baled and stored. After storage for 24 days pulp brightness bad dropped from an original 84 to 78 7. Another sample of the same bleached Kraft pulp was de-watered Hydrogen peroxide sodium silicate and sodium. hydroxide were incorporated into the pulp before drying to about 73 % density. At this point the pulp contained O 07 % H 202 and showed a p H of 9 7 After baling and storing for 24 days the pulp showed a brightness of 856 indicating that original brightness had remained substantially unchanged. EXAM 1 PLE R A sample of sulphite pulp of 60 brightness uwas dewatered to about o 5 % density and then dried at 120 CC to 75 % density. Immediately after drying, the pulp was subjected to an accelerated aging test by being exposed in a closed container for 32 hours to a temperature of 500 C The original brightness of 60 dropped during that aging test to 57 9. Another sample of the same pulp was dewatered to about 35 % density and hvdroren peroxide sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide were incorporated lefore drying the pulp at 120 C to about % density At this point the pulp contained Q 150/ 11202 and had a p IT of 8 9. After subjecting this pulp to the same aging test a brightness of 61 1 was found indicating that original brightness had been maintained. A sample of neutral sulp ite heinical pulp of about, 1 irilhtnless w-as dewatered to 35 % densitl ail then dried at 1 '0-(' 60 to result in a density of approximately 73 % This pulp 'is then subjected to an accelerated af ii, test h heim" exposed in a closed container f 1 16 hours to a temperature of 60 'C The hrightness was 65 found to have dropped to 47. Another sample of the same pulp w-as also dewvatered tn:3 % density

and tllen hydrogen perox'ide anid sod ll Iripolyphosphate were inlorporated into the pulp 70 prior to drying at 120 (j, to about 753 % densitl' At this time the pulp contained 0.12 % H 0 and showed a p-I of 6 7 This pulp was also sulbjectedl to the aging test After aging, the pulp lrightness 75 was found to be 50 _ 5 indi O ating that original brightness Lad b 3 een well maintained.

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* GB785738 (A)

Description: GB785738 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improvements in and relating to friction clutches

Description of GB785738 (A)

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PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Nov 9, 1955.

785,738 No 32001155. Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 80 ( 2), Cl(C 1:C 1 10:E 1). International Classification:-FO 6 d. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in and relating to Friction Clutches I, JAN Ku Bic E, of 7 Xaveriova, Praha -XVI, Czechoslovakia, a Czechoslovak Citizen, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement:The present invention relates to centrifugal clutches of the kind comprising an inner clutch member which is keyed to the drive shaft, an outer clutch member which is keyed to, or connected with, the driven shaft, and a frictional coupling mechanism arranged between the inner clutch member and the outer clutch member and actuated by centrifugal force, and the invention is particularly concerned with clutches of this kind which effect the coupling between the drive shaft and the driven shaft only after the drive shaft has reached almost its full speed Such clutches are required for many drives, since many driving motors have to be started without load An important example of such driving motors is an electric induction motor with squirrel-cage rotor This motor develops a small torque at low speeds, and draws a heavy current from the mains when started under load. If such a motor is connected to the driven shaft through an automatically acting clutch which effects the coupling just before 1 he motor reaches full speed, satisfactory starting conditions are obtained and larger motors can be connected to the mains. It is the object of the present invention to devise a clutch of the kind above mentioned which is reliable in service, yet simple in its design and therefore capable of being manufactured at low costs. The centrifugal clutch according to the invention differs from known clutches of the kind above mentioned in that the lPrice 3/6 l coupl ing mechanism comprises a cylindrical transversely split spring which is mounted on the inner clutch member so that it is caused to follow its rotary movement, but is free to expand in a radial 50 direction and which is provided with a friction lining to engage the cylindrical easing of the outer clutch member by which it is surrounded, and several weights which are arranged to form a ring sur 55 rounding the inner clutch member so that they are in frictional engagement with the inner clutch member, yet are free to move in a radial direction due to centrifugal action against the action of spring means 60 so as to exert pressure against the cylindrical split spring to cause the latter to expand and to engage the outer clutch member. A constructional example of the centri 65 fugal clutch according to

the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein Fig 1 shows a longitudinal section along the line I-I of Fig 2 and Fig 270 is a cross section along the line II-II of Fig 1. As shown, the inner clutch member 1 has the form of a sleeve Its central bore is provided with a key groove for fastening 75 the sleeve to the drive shaft, not shown. At the left hand end, as shown in Fig 1, the sleeve is provided with a radially projecting flange which has an annular groove 2 The sleeve is surrounded by a cylin-80 drical outer clutch member which is mounted free to rotate about the sleeve 1 by means of ball bearings 10 which are accommodated within an annular space left between the sleeve and the outer clutch 85 member in the region where the sleeve has the smaller diameter The two ball bearings are kept apart by a distance ring, and the annular space is closed by a ring with a seal 12 A similar seal is provided 90 785,738 at the other end of the annular space for the ball bearings. The coupling mechanism of the clutch comprises a cylindrical transversely split steel spring 7 which normally rests on the edg es -which border the said cylindrical groove 2 of the flange The groove is thus enclosed by the spring The cylindrical spring is cut in a transverse direction so that a gap is left between the cut ends and a projection 9 of the edges of the flange extends into the gap whereby the cylindrical spring 7 is caused to follow the rotary movement of the inner clutch member, i e, the sleeve 1 The cylindrical spring carries at its outer side a friction lining 8, and normally, i e, when the clutch is at rest, a small gap is left between the friction lining and the inner face of the cylindrical wall of the outer clutch member which surrounds the flange of the inner clutch member. Weights 3 are arranged in the annular groove 2 The weights form sections of a ring extending over the whole len-th of the groove 2, and they are H-shaped in cross section as shown in Fig 1 Fig 2 shows that six weight sections are arranged in the groove 2 The weights are supported by a divided friction ring 6 which surrounds the bottom of the annular groove 2 and extends into the inner recess formed by the legs of the H-shaped cross section of the weights There is a frictional engagement between the sleeve 1 and the ring 6, as well as between this ring and the weights 3 which it supports. Thus the weights are allowed to carry out a relative movement with respect to the friction ring 6 in a tangential as well as in a radial direction The weights are biassed inwardly, i e, towards the axis of rotation, by a coiled spring 5 which is accommodated in the outer recess of the H-shaped weights Thus, when the motor is at rest, i.e, the sleeve 1 is stationary, the weights are held by the coiled spring

5 away from the surrounding cylindrical spring 7 and they are urged against the friction ring 6. That portion of the outer clutch member which is directly supported by the ball bearings 10 is shaped to form a pulley 11 for V-belts It may be shaped, of course to form a plain belt pulley instead, or it may be connected to an axially aligned shaft. When the driving motor is started, the sleeve 1 immediately starts to rotate, while the belt pulley 11, connected to the driven 6 Qshaft by V-belts, remains stationary The sleeve 1 commences to drive the friction ring 6 with a certain time-lag, depending upon the friction between sleeve and ring. This movement is transmitted with a further lag to the sections of the weight ring 3, which eventually attain a velocity such that, due to the developed centrifugal force, the sections of the rino' 3 o Verconel the compressive force of the spiral spring 3 and with their peripheral edge portions 70 press upon the inner surface of the split ring spring 7 The spring opens out under this pressure, and its friction lining is forced against the inside of the outer clutch member 13 BY this action couplin 1 g 75 of the two shafts is eitected and the rotation of the driven shaft commences. The time-lag in the coupling depends upon the friction between the sleeve 1 and the friction ring 6 and subsequently 80 between this ring 6 and the sections of the weight ring 3, and also upon the forcee exerted by the coiled spring 3 It is possible to vary the time-lag to a considerable extent by adjusting these elements 85 As soon as the weilghts of the ring 3) move outwardly due to centrifugal action so far that they enoage the inside of the split ring spring 7, they quickly assume the speed of the sleeve and their increased o radial force then starts the coupling action by spreading out the split ring spring. The operation of the clutch has therefore three phases, namely the acceleration of the friction ring, the acceleration of the 95 weights 3 and the engagement and spreading out of the friction spring 7.

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