Apple Computer Fall 2003

Pfizer 2005

Forest David: Francis Marion University

A.

Case Abstract

This is a comprehensive strategic management case that includes the companys financial statements, organization chart, competitor information, and industry trends. Sufficient internal and external data are provided to enable students to evaluate current strategies and recommend a three-year strategic plan for the company.

Pfizers acquisition of Pharmacia in 2003 propelled it to new heights in its quest to lead the pharmaceutical industry. Pfizer operates in three main business segmentsHuman Health, Consumer Healthcare, and Animal Health. The human health segment, also known as its pharmaceutical business, is Pfizers core business. It represents over 85 percent of Pfizer sales worldwide.

Of Pfizers $52.516 billion in total 2004 sales, $22.977 billion (43.8 percent) were generated outside of the U.S. Pfizers overseas sales represent faster growth opportunities for the company than the domestic market in all business segments. Pfizers goodwill on its balance sheet is way too high and its stock hit an all time low of $25 in late 2005. But the company has some billion dollar drugs such as Viagra and Lipitor.B.

Vision Statement (proposed)We will become the world leader in pharmaceutical and biomedical research, production, and marketing as we address significant unmet medical needs of mankind.

C. Mission Statement (actual)We demand of ourselves and others the highest ethical standards, and our products and processes will be of the highest quality. We recognize that people are the cornerstone of Pfizers success. We value our diversity as a source of strength and we are proud of Pfizers history of treating people with respect and dignity.We are deeply committed to meeting the needs of our customers, and we constantly focus on customer satisfaction.

We play an active role in making every country and community in which we operate a better place to live and work, knowing that the ongoing vitality of our host nations and local communities has a direct impact on the long-term health of our business.

Innovation is the key to improving health and sustaining Pfizers growth and profitability.

We know that to be a successful company we must work together, frequently transcending organizational and geographical boundaries to meet changing the needs of our customers.

We strive for continuous improvement in our performance, measuring results carefully, and ensuring that integrity and respect for people are never compromised.

We believe that leaders empower those around them by sharing knowledge and rewarding outstanding individual effort. Leaders are those who step forward to achieve difficult goals, envisioning what needs to happen and motivating others.

Since 1849, the Pfizer name has been synonymous with the trust and reliability inherent in the word Quality. Quality is ingrained in the work of our colleagues and all our Values. We are dedicated to the delivery of quality healthcare around the world. Our business practices and processes are designed to achieve quality results that exceed the expectations of patients, customers, colleagues, investors, business partners, and regulators. We have a relentless passion for Quality in everything we do.

(proposed)

The mission of Pfizer, Inc., is to be the worlds (3) most valued company to patients, customers, colleagues, investors, and business partners (1). We will provide society with superior pharmaceutical products and services (2) by developing technologies (4) and solutions that improve the quality of life and satisfy customer needs (1). We will also provide employees with meaningful work and advancement opportunities (9), and investors with a superior rate of return (5) while adhering to the highest standards of ethics and integrity (6). We will strive to remain the largest pharmaceutical and biomedical research (7) company worldwide. Pfizer will also contribute to the economic strength of society and function as a good corporate citizen (8) on a local, state, and national basis in all countries in which we do business (5).

1. Customer

2. Products or services

3. Markets

4. Technology

5. Concern for survival, profitability, growth

6. Philosophy

7. Self-concept

8. Concern for public image

9. Concern for employeesD.

External Audit

Opportunities

1. Demand for drugs is relatively inelastic.

2. Worldwide pharmaceutical sales continue to grow faster than most segments of the world economy.3. World pharmaceutical sales to exceed $570 billion in 2005, up 7.5 percent.4. Advancements in technology.5. Lengthening of average life expectancy with the population of those 65 and older expanding by about 79 percent from 2002 to 2025.6. Increased incidence of chronic diseases.7. Barriers to entry are high.

Threats

1. Many major pharmaceutical companies are facing major patent expirations.

2. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) asks drug manufacturers to suspend sales of certain prescription medicines in the US.

3. Adverse effect on drug prices due to threat of imported drugs.

4. Assets located overseas from global markets are subject to threat of expropriation and terrorism.

5. Threats of global business in dealing with varied regulatory environments and currency fluctuations.

6. The FDA is asking makers of NSAIDs to revise labels and include more information.

7. Increased competition from manufacturers of generic drugs in 2004 was 9.7 percent higher.

8. Medicaid requires pharmacists to offer generic brands instead of name-brand drugs if they are equally rated by the government.

9. Some laws and regulations are forcing pharmaceutical companies to give rebates or discounts when products are purchased by certain federal and state programs or agencies.

10. Increased consumption of natural supplements.

11. Increasing pricing pressures.

12. Negative publicity.

13. Increased cost of insurance.

CPM Competitive Profile Matrix

PfizerMerckBayer

Critical Success FactorsWeightRatingWeighted ScoreRatingWeighted ScoreRatingWeighted Score

Organizational Structure

Price Competitiveness

Advertising

Product Quality

Sales Distribution

Customer Loyalty

Market Share

Global Expansion

Demographics

Financial Position

Research and Development

Innovation0.05

0.10

0.04

0.10

0.10

0.03

0.11

0.11

0.03

0.15

0.13

0.102

3

1

3

4

3

4

4

3

4

4

30.10

0.30

0.04

0.30

0.40

0.09

0.44

0.44

0.09

0.60

0.52

0.304

3

1

3

3

3

3

4

3

3

4

30.20

0.30

0.04

0.30

0.30

0.09

0.33

0.44

0.09

0.45

0.52

0.301

3

4

3

2

3

2

3

3

2

3

20.05

0.30

0.16

0.30

0.20

0.09

0.22

0.33

0.09

0.30

0.39

0.20

Total1.00 3.52 3.16 2.58

External Factor Evaluation (EFE) Matrix

Critical Success FactorsWeightRatingWeighted Score

Opportunities

1. Demand for drugs is relatively inelastic.0.0840.32

2. Worldwide pharmaceutical sales continue to grow faster than most segments of the world economy.0.0630.18

3. World pharmaceutical sales to exceed $570 billion in 2005, up 7.5 percent.0.0730.21

4. Advancements in technology.0.0530.15

5. Lengthening of average life expectancy with the population of those 65 and older expanding by about 79 percent from 2002 to 2025.0.0730.21

6. Increased incidence of chronic diseases.0.0720.14

7. Barriers to entry are high. 0.0510.05

Threats

1. Many major pharmaceutical companies are facing major patent expirations.0.0630.18

2. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) asks drug manufacturers to suspend sales of certain prescription medicines in the US.0.0520.10

3. Adverse effect on drug prices due to threat of imported drugs.0.0330.09

4. Assets located overseas from global markets are subject to threat of expropriation and terrorism.0.0320.06

5. Threats of global business in dealing with varied regulatory environments and currency fluctuations.0.0720.14

6. The FDA is asking makers of NSAIDs to revise labels and include more information.0.0320.06

7. Increased competition from manufacturers of generic drugs in 2004 was 9.7 percent higher.0.0530.15

8. Medicaid requires pharmacists to offer generic brands instead of name-brand drugs if they are equally rated by the government.0.0630.18

9. Some laws and regulations are forcing pharmaceutical companies to give rebates or discounts when products are purchased by certain federal and state programs or agencies.0.0420.08

10. Increased consumption of natural supplements.0.0210.02

11. Increasing pricing pressures.0.0330.09

12. Negative publicity.0.0220.04

13. Increased cost of insurance.0.0640.24

Total1.002.69

E.Internal Audit

Strengths

1. An international network that promotes good corporate citizenship.

2. Total stockholders equity more than tripled between 2002 and 2004.

3. Almost 50 percent of sales are generated internationally.

4. Largest human health sector in the world.

5. Consolidation taking place in the health care industry increases purchasing power and shifts bargaining power in their favor.

6. Web site is well designed and useful.

7. Launched its own generic products through its subsidiary, Greenstone Ltd.

8. Lipitor sets new sales records and is the pharmaceutical industry's first $10 billion product.

9. Introduction of first modified-live virus vaccine line in 2005, with the strength to deliver fetal protection for one full year.

10. Worlds largest drug company with leading global sales of $50.9 billion.

11. Largest animal health business in the world.

12. Holds 13.1 percent of market share making it the largest pharmaceutical firm.

13. Zoloft is the most prescribed anti-depressant in the U.S.

Weaknesses

1. Stock price has been losing value over the past five years and is below the S&P 500 average.

2. Lowest earnings per share ($1.23) among direct competitors.3. Delays caused by regulations and the unsuccessful completion of clinical trials reduce the potential recovery and returns of investments such as R&D.4. Not serving African and Australian markets.5. Unexpected side effects of drugs.6. Lack of organizational structure.7. Decreased amount of advertising.Financial Ratio Analysis (January 2006)

Growth Rates %PfizerIndustrySP-500

Sales (Qtr vs year ago qtr)(5.00)4.9014.20

Net Income (YTD vs YTD)(37.30)(4.40)15.90

Net Income (Qtr vs year ago qtr)(52.40)(9.50)15.10

Sales (5-Year Annual Avg.)14.862.094.78

Net Income (5-Year Annual Avg.)7.252.8711.04

Dividends (5-Year Annual Avg.)15.377.964.61

Price Ratios

Current P/E Ratio22.421.819.0

P/E Ratio 5-Year High83.540.464.8

P/E Ratio 5-Year Low14.816.117.4

Price/Sales Ratio3.463.391.53

Price/Book Value2.734.382.93

Price/Cash Flow Ratio13.3015.4012.50

Profit Margins

Gross Margin87.679.047.3

Pre-Tax Margin22.223.312.1

Net Profit Margin15.516.28.3

5Yr Gross Margin (5-Year Avg.)87.074.747.3

5Yr PreTax Margin (5-Year Avg.)23.523.29.4

5Yr Net Profit Margin (5-Year Avg.)18.917.35.9

Financial Condition

Debt/Equity Ratio0.080.221.07

Current Ratio1.61.71.4

Quick Ratio1.11.30.9

Interest Coverage34.626.63.5

Leverage Ratio1.72.05.8

Book Value/Share9.049.0513.21

Investment Returns %

Return On Equity12.320.915.9

Return On Assets7.410.52.8

Return On Capital11.317.17.7

Return On Equity (5-Year Avg.)19.426.212.0

Return On Assets (5-Year Avg.)10.112.12.0

Return On Capital (5-Year Avg.)16.220.65.7

Management Efficiency

Income/Employee71,00064,00030,000

Revenue/Employee458,000395,000366,000

Receivable Turnover5.35.87.7

Inventory Turnover1.02.07.8

Asset Turnover0.50.70.4

Adapted from www.cnbc.com

DateAvg. P/EPrice/SalesPrice/BookNet Profit Margin (%)

12/0420.503.832.9521.6

12/03147.305.974.143.6

12/0223.005.829.4428.4

12/0133.107.7513.6924.0

12/0067.209.8318.0412.6

Adapted from www.cnbc.com

DateBook Value/ ShareDebt/EquityROE (%)ROA (%)Interest Coverage

12/04$9.110.1116.79.241.3

12/03$8.540.096.03.413.1

12/02$3.240.1647.820.648.0

12/01$2.910.1442.619.939.8

12/00$2.550.0723.211.115.9

Adapted from www.cnbc.comNet Worth Analysis (January 2006 in millions)

1. Stockholders Equity + Goodwill = 68,278 + 23,756$ 92,034

2. Net income x 5 = $11,361 x 5=$ 56,805

3. Share price = $25.00/EPS 1.10 =$22.73 x Net Income $11,361=$ 25,820

4. Number of Shares Outstanding x Share Price = 7,371 x $25.00 =$ 184,275

Method Average$89,733

Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix

Critical Success FactorsWeightRatingWeighted Score

Strengths

1. An international network that promotes good corporate citizenship.0.0640.24

2. Total stockholders equity more than tripled between 2002 and 2004.0.0430.12

3. Almost 50 percent of sales are generated internationally.0.0640.24

4. Largest human health sector in the world.0.0540.20

5. Consolidation taking place in the health care industry increases purchasing power and shifts bargaining power in their favor.0.0430.12

6. Web site is well designed and useful.0.0330.09

7. Launched its own generic products through its subsidiary, Greenstone Ltd.0.0640.24

8. Lipitor sets new sales records and is the pharmaceutical industry's first $10 billion product.0.0740.28

9. Introduction of first modified-live virus vaccine line in 2005, with the strength to deliver fetal protection for one full year.0.0230.06

10. Worlds largest drug company with leading global sales of $50.9 billion.0.0740.28

11. Largest animal health business in the world.0.0340.12

12. Holds 13.1 percent of market share making it the largest pharmaceutical firm.0.0640.24

13. Zoloft is the most prescribed anti-depressant in the U.S.0.0640.24

Weaknesses

1. Stock price has been losing value over the past five years and is below the S&P 500 average.0.0420.08

2. Lowest earnings per share ($1.23) among direct competitors.0.0710.07

3. Delays caused by regulations and the unsuccessful completion of clinical trials reduce the potential recovery and returns of investments such as R&D.0.0620.08

4. Not serving African and Australian markets.0.0610.05

5. Unexpected side effects of drugs.0.0710.07

6. Lack of organizational structure.0.0220.04

7. Decreased amount of advertising.0.0320.06

TOTAL1.002.92

F.SWOT MatrixStrengthsWeaknesses

1. An international network that promotes good corporate citizenship.

2. Total stockholders equity more than tripled between 2002 and 2004.

3. Almost 50 percent of sales are generated internationally.

4. Largest human health sector in the world.

5. Consolidation taking place in the health care industry increases purchasing power and shifts bargaining power in their favor.

6. Web site is well designed and useful.

7. Launched its own generic products through its subsidiary, Greenstone Ltd.

8. Lipitor sets new sales records and is the pharmaceutical industry's first $10 billion product.

9. Introduction of first modified-live virus vaccine line in 2005, with the strength to deliver fetal protection for one full year.

10. Worlds largest drug company with leading global sales of $50.9 billion.

11. Largest animal health business in the world.

12. Holds 13.1 percent of market share making it the largest pharmaceutical firm.

13. Zoloft is the most prescribed anti-depressant in the U.S.

1. Stock price has been losing value over the past five years and is below the S&P 500 average.

2. Lowest earnings per share ($1.23) among direct competitors.3. Delays caused by regulations and the unsuccessful completion of clinical trials reduce the potential recovery and returns of investments such as R&D.4. Not serving African and Australian markets.5. Unexpected side effects of drugs.6. Lack of organizational structure.7. Decreased amount of advertising.

OpportunitiesS-O StrategiesW-O Strategies

1. Demand for drugs is relatively inelastic.

2. Worldwide pharmaceutical sales continue to grow faster than most segments of the world economy.3. World pharmaceutical sales to exceed $570 billion in 2005, up 7.5 percent.4. Advancements in technology.5. Lengthening of average life expectancy with the population of those 65 and older expanding by about 79 percent from 2002 to 2025.6. Increased incidence of chronic diseases.7. Barriers to entry are high. 1. Expand human health sector into South Africa (S4,O2).

2. Expand animal health sector throughout the U.S. (S11,02).

3. Acquire a large pharmaceutical company (S10, O2, O3).1. Use advancements in technology to increase effectiveness of R&D (W3,O4)

2. Improve effectiveness of clinical trials to reduce unexpected side effects of drugs (W5,O4)

ThreatsS-T StrategiesW-T Strategies

1. Many major pharmaceutical companies are facing major patent expirations.

2. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) asks drug manufacturers to suspend sales of certain prescription medicines in the US.

3. Adverse effect on drug prices due to threat of imported drugs.

4. Assets located overseas from global markets are subject to threat of expropriation and terrorism.

5. Threats of global business in dealing with varied regulatory environments and currency fluctuations.

6. The FDA is asking makers of NSAIDs to revise labels and include more information.

7. Increased competition from manufacturers of generic drugs in 2004 was 9.7 percent higher.

8. Medicaid requires pharmacists to offer generic brands instead of name-brand drugs if they are equally rated by the government.

9. Some laws and regulations are forcing pharmaceutical companies to give rebates or discounts when products are purchased by certain federal and state programs or agencies.

10. Increased consumption of natural supplements.

11. Increasing pricing pressures.

12. Negative publicity.

13. Increased cost of insurance.1. Increase production of generic products (S7,T7,T8).

2. Offer special discounts and rebates (S10,T9).1. Increase print and TV ads to appeal to those 65 and older (Viagra, Lipitor) (W7,T12).

2. Increase advertisement for animal and consumer health sectors (W7,T12).

G.SPACE Matrix

y-axis = FS + ES = 4.8 + (-3.4) = 1.4x-axis = CA + IS = -2.0 + (+5.2) = 3.2

H.Grand Strategy Matrix

1. Market development

2. Market penetration

3. Product development

4. Forward integration

5. Backward integration

6. Horizontal integration

7. Related diversification

I.The Internal-External (IE) MatrixThe IFE Total Weighted Score

StrongAverageWeak

3.0 to 4.02.0 to 2.991.0 to 1.99

HighIIIIII

3.0 to 3.99

MediumIVVVI

The EFE Total Weighted Score2.0 to 2.991Pfizer

2

LowVIIVIIIIX

1.0 to 1.99

Grow and Build

RegionRevenue

USA (1)$29,539

Global (2)$22,977

J.QSPMStrategic Alternatives

Key Internal Factors WeightAcquire a large pharmaceutical companyImprove R&D to help reduce side effects in drugs.

StrengthsASTASASTAS

1. An international network that promotes good corporate citizenship.0.0610.0620.12

2. Total stockholders equity more than tripled between 2002 and 2004.0.0440.1630.12

3. Almost 50 percent of sales are generated internationally.0.06------------

4. Largest human health sector in the world.0.05------------

5. Consolidation taking place in the health care industry increases purchasing power and shifts bargaining power in their favor.0.04-------------

6. Web site is well designed and useful.0.03------------

7. Launched its own generic products through its subsidiary, Greenstone Ltd.0.06------------

8. Lipitor sets new sales records and is the pharmaceutical industry's first $10 billion product.0.0720.1430.21

9. Introduction of first modified-live virus vaccine line in 2005, with the strength to deliver fetal protection for one full year.0.0210.0230.06

10. Worlds largest drug company with leading global sales of $50.9 billion.0.0740.2830.21

11. Largest animal health business in the world.0.03------------

12. Holds 13.1 percent of market share making it the largest pharmaceutical firm.0.0640.2430.18

13. Zoloft is the most prescribed anti-depressant in the U.S.0.0620.1240.24

Weaknesses

1. Stock price has been losing value over the past five years and is below the S&P 500 average.0.04------------

2. Lowest earnings per share ($1.23) among direct competitors.0.07------------

3. Delays caused by regulations and the unsuccessful completion of clinical trials reduce the potential recovery and returns of investments such as R&D.0.0610.0630.18

4. Not serving African and Australian markets.0.0620.1210.06

5. Unexpected side effects of drugs.0.0710.0740.28

6. Lack of organizational structure.0.02------------

7. Decreased amount of advertising.0.03------------

SUBTOTAL1.271.66

Key External Factors Weight Acquire a large pharmaceutical companyImprove R&D to help reduce side effects in drugs.

OpportunitiesASTASASTAS

1. Demand for drugs is relatively inelastic.0.08------------

2. Worldwide pharmaceutical sales continue to grow faster than most segments of the world economy.0.0630.1820.12

3. World pharmaceutical sales to exceed $570 billion in 2005, up 7.5 percent.0.0730.2120.14

4. Advancements in technology.0.05------------

5. Lengthening of average life expectancy with the population of those 65 and older expanding by about 79 percent from 2002 to 2025.0.07------------

5. Increased incidence of chronic diseases.0.07------------

6. Barriers to entry are high. 0.05------------

Threats

1. Many major pharmaceutical companies are facing major patent expirations.0.0630.1810.06

2. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) asks drug manufacturers to suspend sales of certain prescription medicines in the US.0.0510.0540.20

3. Adverse effect on drug prices due to threat of imported drugs.0.03------------

4. Assets located overseas from global markets are subject to threat of expropriation and terrorism.0.03------------

5. Threats of global business in dealing with varied regulatory environments and currency fluctuations.0.07------------

6. The FDA is asking makers of NSAIDs to revise labels and include more information.0.03------------

7. Increased competition from manufacturers of generic drugs in 2004 was 9.7 percent higher.0.0530.1510.05

8. Medicaid requires pharmacists to offer generic brands instead of name-brand drugs if they are equally rated by the government.0.06------------

9. Some laws and regulations are forcing pharmaceutical companies to give rebates or discounts when products are purchased by certain federal and state programs or agencies.0.04------------

10. Increased consumption of natural supplements.0.02------------

11. Increasing pricing pressures.0.0330.0310.03

12. Negative publicity.0.0210.0240.08

13. Increased cost of insurance.0.0610.0630.18

SUBTOTAL0.880.66

TOTAL ATTRACTIVNESS SCORE2.152.32

K.Recommendations Increase R&D budget to help reduce potential negative side effects from drugs. This would also likely lower the high insurance, be viewed by the public as responsible, and reduce lawsuits. Total cost estimated at $2B.

Acquire a major competitor in the industry at an estimated cost of $25B.L.EPS/EBIT Analysis$ Amount Needed: 27,000M

Stock Price: $25

Tax Rate: 19%

Interest Rate: 7%

# Shares Outstanding: 7,371M

M.Epilogue

In January 2006, Pfizer paid $1.3 billion to Sanofi-Aventis Group to obtain full worldwide rights to inhaled insulin (Exubera is the diabetes drug). U.S. regulators are expected to rule upon the drug soon. The world's largest drug company with blockbusters such as the cholesterol drug Lipitor, Pfizer now owns the Exubera production plant in Germany that the two companies jointly held.

Although there is a diabetes epidemic in the United States, doctors may be wary of prescribing Exubera since the long-term effects of inhaling insulin won't be known for several years. Mercks withdrawal of its pain reliever Vioxx has caused doctors to become cautious of prescribing new drugs. Pfizer has pledged to continue studying Exuberas safety after its approval.

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