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1 FiberTower Confidential

5G and mmWave Developments

Joseph M. Sandri

FiberTower Corp.

National Spectrum Managers Association (NSMA) Annual Meeting

Arlington, VA

May 17th, 2016

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


What is 5G?

The mmWave Role

‘Large-scale’ regulatory developments

NPRM – Upper Microwave Flexible Use Service (UMFUS)

WRC-15 >> WRC-19 >> WRC-23

Terrestrial Fixed Service, IMT, Satellite & HAPS

Incumbent Licensees

Verizon + Flexible Use

Market Forecasts

Design, Deployment and Operations Challenges

Spectrum

Open Discussion

Overview


5G – The Goal

Omnipresent Gigabit!

4FiberTower Confidential

FCC mmWave Workshop Demos – March 2016IN THEIR OWN WORDS (1 of 2)

Intel is leading the convergence of computing and communications connectivity by uniting the

industry around new spectrum assignments, frequencies, standards, and innovative technologies

such as mmWave, multi-antenna array, steerable beamforming, novel radio interface techniques,

anchor-booster architecture and more, in order to make 5G a reality. During the workshop, Intel

will demonstrate its 5G Mobile Trial Platform in 60GHz, Mobile Edge mmWave Backhaul and

Access for 5G Densification, Pre 5G Anchor Booster Concept with mmW, and Narrowband IOT.

Nokia will demonstrate an experimental 5G system operating in 73 GHz band (E-band). This

demonstration shows one GHz bandwidth single link system using null cyclic prefix (CP) single

carrier modulation which communicates using steerable lens antenna with a 3 degree beamwidth

serving a fully mobile user device with a peak rate of 2.3 Gbps. This system can also support a

radio latency of less than 1 msec and multi-user acquisition and tracking.


FCC mmWave Workshop Demos – March 2016In Their Own Words (2 of 2)

Samsung will demonstrate very high speed data transmission using 5G technology in the

28GHz band. Data transmission will occur in an indoor wireless 5G prototype system with one

base station and one customer premises equipment prototype. The base station will transmit

over an 800MHz-wide channel using a Time Division Duplex (TDD) frame structure. The 5G

system will achieve a 3.7Gbps link speed using higher order Modulation and Coding Schemes

(MCS) and Multiple Input/Multiple Output (MIMO) communication with beam selection.

Qualcomm is looking to 2020, with a unified 5G design that will deliver on connectivity needs—

enabling new business opportunities, services and user experiences. Qualcomm will showcase

its 5G design and a live streaming demonstration of Millimeter-Wave technology, an important

component of 5G.

Ericsson will showcase remotely controlling an actual Volvo Excavator located in Dallas, Texas

with a connected simulator located at the FCC HQ. The end user will have a virtual reality

headset with live immersive streaming video, and operation of the system via controls in the

excavator simulator. With 5G, heavy machinery can be remotely controlled with real-time

responsiveness where latency is a critical for safety. One advantage of this approach is that a

worker with unique or specialized skills could manage multiple projects around the world in the

same work day. Also, real-time remote control of heavy equipment allows for workers to operate

in area that are hostile in terms of weather or personal security.


Above 24 GHz NPRM – Advanced Mobile Broadband


IMT Support for Giving Incumbent mmWave Licensees Flexible Mobile/Fixed Rights

Verizon CEO Lowell McAdams to Tom Wheeler

“Mr. McAdam emphasized the importance to the US economy and US consumer of the Commission acting quickly to make the spectrum bands above 24 GHz available for mobile broadband. Verizon agrees with the Commission’s primary proposal to grant flexible use rights to existing terrestrial licensees in the 28 GHz and 39 GHz bands.”


Satellite Coalition Sharing Proposal

• FCC must address UMFUS aggregate interference skyward

From the surface of the earth.

• Preliminary results: Limited number of mobile terrestrial at

FCC proposed power levels could be severely disruptive

• SIA working with terrestrial providers

• Protect 28 GHz satellites from aggregate interference from

Terrestrial transmitters

• 37/39 GHz is an important expansion band.


Above 24 GHz NPRM: Core Spectrum Blocks

Bands at issue:

• NPRM

• UMFUS

• 37-40 GHz

• LMDS

• Possible FNPRM

• 24 GHz DEMS: (24.25-24.45; 25.05-25.25 GHz)

• 42 GHz: (42.0-42.5 GHz)

• 60 GHz: (57-64 GHz; 64-71 GHz)

• 80/90 GHz: 71-76; 81-86 GHz)


Above 24 GHz NPRM: Core Currently Licensed Spectrum Blocks

Wide Area: Exclusively Licensed

• 24 GHz: (24.25-24.45; 25.05-25.25 GHz)

• 400 MHz – Divided into 5 channels

• LMDS: (27.5-28.35; 29.1-29.25, 31-31.3 GHz)

• Block A – 1150 MHz (27.5-28.35; 29.10-

29.25; 31.075-31.225 GHz)

• Block B – 150 MHz (31.00-31.075; 31.225-

31.300 GHz)

• 39 GHz: (38.6-40.0 GHz)

• 1.4 GHz – Divided into 14 channels


Challenges for mmWave Mobility

11

• Acceptance on Security

• Beamforming

• Power Source

• Human Exposure: Heat more than RF

• Handset size

• Also:

• “more and higher carrier frequencies, more transitions, and wider modulation bandwidths, of

transmitters and receivers. Among the radio components, the power amplifier is often of central

interest due to its relative cost and relative importance in determining performance. Thus in a 5G

context, characterization and analysis of power amplifier performance can be quite important and

will be more challenging for a number of reasons:

• With higher carrier frequencies, stability and repeatability of the measurement can be more

difficult.

• Broader band and high frequency devices, and measurement systems, tend to have lower

return losses which can affect measurement accuracy. These mismatch effects are one part

of a broader power measurement accuracy question.

• Measurement speed can become an issue as the amount of frequency space to be

analyzed increases and the number of different parameters to be measured likely increases.

• Practicality of the measurement setup may become an issue as levels of complexity

increase” [Source: http://dl.cdn-anritsu.com/ja-jp/test-measurement/reffiles/About-

Anritsu/R_D/Technical/91/91-06-5g-2.pdf ]


Potential interference scenerios in UMFUS (mmWave)

bands

12

[Source: ITU-R]


mmWave 5G & Automotive

13

Issues: 5G Mobile Networks have certain common environmental challenges regardless if they service:

• automotive occupants

• automobile functions

• highway/roadway management functions

[Source: ITU-R]


Certain wide-area mmWave bands and their ITU-R

source documents

14

Band(a)

(GHz)

Frequency range

(GHz)

Recommendations

ITU-R

F Series

Channel separation

(MHz)

27 24.25-29.5 748 Up to 112

31 31.0-31.3 746 Up to 50

32 31.8-33.4 1520 Up to 112

38 36.0-40.5 749 Up to 112

42 40.5-43.5 2005 Up to 112

52 51.4-52.6 1496 Up to 56

57 55.78-66 1497 Up to 56

70/80 71-76/81-86 2006 Up to 5000

94 92.0-94 / 94.1-95 2004 Up to100, N× 100Note:

a Although these are parts of the bands included in Recommendation ITU-R F.746, all frequency bands may not be designated for fixed service use in some countries.

http://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-F.748/en













May 2016 ITU

1.Fixed Service Working Party 5 addresses fixed wireless sharing IMT, HAPS ad satellite in

preparation for WRC-19

2. Total U.S. mmWave Licensees attending

3.ITU-R Recommendation F.758 System Characteristics needs input ASAP


ITU RECOMMENDATION F.758 REVISION: System Parameters and considerations in the development of criteria for sharing or compatibility between digital fixed Wireless systems in the fixed service and systems in other services and other sources of interference


ITU RECOMMENDATION F.758 REVISION:Table 8


ITU RECOMMENDATION F.758 REVISION: Table 9


Uh Oh!


WRC-2015: 5G Related Resolutions for WRC-19: Slide A

SPECTRUM DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW:

Mobile industry

o 24-27 GHz and 37-40.5 GHz, along with eight other bands, were cleared for

global IMT (International Mobile Telecommunications) development.

Agenda Item 1.13

LMDS (28-31 GHz) was blocked internationally, but the U.S., Japan &

Korea stated they will continue their development domestically.

Satellite industry

o LMDS and 39 GHz bands.

Agenda Items 1.5 and 1.6

Google: High altitude platforms (HAPS) broadband system

o 21.4-22 GHz and 24.25-27.5 GHz (Region 2 – Americas), and 38-39.5 GHz

(Globally) were cleared.

Agenda Item 1.14

Fixed Industry Opposition to Google: Google also is making similar filings

for experimental licenses at the FCC for the 70-90 GHz bands, though they

are redacted. The Fixed Wireless Communications Coalition (FWCC) and

other organizations are starting to prepare oppositions at the FCC to force

them to identify their proposed sharing criteria.


WRC-2015: 5G Related Resolutions for WRC-19: Slide B

5G Related Resolutions adopted for WRC Agenda items 1.5, 1.6, 1.12, 1.13, and 1.14 are itemized in the following

tables.

1.5 to consider the use of the frequency bands 17.7-19.7 GHz (space-to-Earth) and 27.5-29.5 GHz (Earth-to-

space) by earth stations in motion communicating with geostationary space stations in the fixed-satellite service and

take appropriate action, in accordance with Resolution COM6/17 (WRC-15);

Resolution COM6/17

(WRC-15)

Use of the frequency

bands 17.7-19.7 GHz

(space-to-Earth) and

27.5-29.5 GHz (Earth-to-

space) by earth stations

in motion communicating

with geostationary space

stations in the fixed-

satellite service

WP 4A

resolves to invite ITU-R

1 to study the technical and operational characteristics

and user requirements of different types of earth stations in motion

that operate or plan to operate within geostationary FSS allocations in

the frequency bands 17.7-19.7 GHz and 27.5-29.5 GHz, including the

use of spectrum to provide the envisioned services to various types of

earth station in motion and the degree to which flexible access to

spectrum can facilitate sharing with services identified in recognizing

further a) to n);

2 to study sharing and compatibility between earth

stations in motion operating with geostationary FSS networks and

current and planned stations of existing services allocated in the

frequency bands 17.7-19.7 GHz and 27.5-29.5 GHz to ensure

protection of, and not impose undue constraints on, services allocated

in those frequency bands, and taking into account recognizing

further a) to n);3 to develop, for different types of earth stations in motion and different portions of the frequency bands studied, technical

conditions and regulatory provisions for their operation, taking into account the results of the studies above,

resolves

that these earth stations not be used or relied upon for safety-of-life applications,

resolves to further invite the 2019 World Radiocommunication Conference

to consider the results of the above studies and take necessary actions, as appropriate, provided that the results of the studies referred to in

resolves to invite ITU-R are complete and agreed by ITU-R study groups.

WP 4B

WP 4C

WP 5A

WP 5C

WP 7B

WP 7C

(WP 3M)

(WP 5D)


WRC-2015: 5G Related Resolutions for WRC-19: Slide C

1.6 to consider the development of a regulatory framework for non-GSO FSS satellite systems that may

operate in the frequency bands 37.5-39.5 GHz (space-to-Earth), 39.5-42.5 GHz (space-to-Earth), 47.2-50.2 GHz (Earth-

to-space) and 50.4-51.4 GHz (Earth-to-space), in accordance with Resolution COM6/18 (WRC-15);

Resolution

COM6/18 (WRC-15)

Studies of technical,

operational issues and

regulatory provisions for

non-geostationary fixed-

satellite services satellite

systems in the frequency

bands 37.5-39.5 GHz

(space-to-Earth), 39.5-

42.5 GHz (space-to-

Earth), 47.2-50.2 GHz

(Earth-to-space) and 50.4-

51.4 GHz (Earth-to-space)

WP 4A


to conduct, and complete in time for WRC-19:

1 studies of technical and operational issues and

regulatory provisions for the operation of non-GSO FSS satellite

systems in the frequency bands 37.5-42.5 GHz (space-to-Earth) and

47.2-48.9 GHz (limited to feeder links only), 48.9-50.2 GHz and

50.4-51.4 GHz (all Earth-to-space), while ensuring protection of GSO

satellite networks in the FSS, MSS and BSS, without limiting or

unduly constraining the future development of GSO networks across

those bands, and without modifying the provisions of Article 21;2 studies carried out under resolves to invite ITU-R 1 shall focus exclusively on the development of equivalent power flux-

density limits produced at any point in the GSO by emissions from all the earth stations of a non-GSO system in the fixed-satellite service

or into any geostationary FSS earth station, as appropriate;

3 studies and development of sharing conditions between non-GSO FSS systems operating in the frequency bands listed in

resolves to invite ITU-R 1 above;

4 studies of possible necessary revisions to Resolution 750 (Rev.WRC-15) to ensure protection of the EESS (passive) in the

frequency bands 36-37 GHz and 50.2-50.4 GHz from non-GSO FSS transmission, taking into account recognizing i) above, including study

of aggregate FSS interference effects from networks and systems operating or planned to operate in the frequency bands described in

resolves to invite ITU-R 1 above;

5 studies towards ensuring protection of the radio astronomy frequency bands 42.5-43.5 GHz, 48.94-49.04 GHz and 51.4-

54.25 GHz from non-GSO FSS transmissions, taking into account recognizing i) above, including study of aggregate FSS interference

effects from networks and systems operating or planned to operate in the frequency bands described in resolves to invite ITU-R 1 above,

further resolves

to invite WRC-19 to consider the results of the above studies and take appropriate action,

WP 5A

WP 5B

WP 5C]

WP 5D

WP 6A

WP 7B

WP 7C

WP 7D

(WP 3M)

(WP 4B)


WRC-2015: 5G Related Resolutions for WRC-19: Slide D

1.12 to consider possible global or regional harmonized frequency bands, to the maximum extent

possible, for the implementation of evolving Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) under existing mobile-

service allocations, in accordance with Resolution COM6/13 (WRC-15);

Resolution COM6/13 (W

RC-15)

Intelligent Transport

Systems applications

WP 5A

resolves to invite the 2019 World Radiocommunication

Conference

taking into account the results of ITU Radiocommunication

Sector (ITU-R) studies, to consider possible global or regional

harmonized frequency bands for the implementation of

evolving ITS under existing mobile-service allocations,

invites ITU-R

to carry out studies on technical and operational aspects of

evolving ITS implementation using existing mobile-service

allocations,

WP 4A

WP 4B

WP 4C

WP 5B

WP 5C

WP 5D

WP 7C

WP 7B

WP 7D

(WP 3K)

(WP 6A)


WRC-2015: 5G Related Resolutions for WRC-19: Slide E

1.13 to consider identification of frequency bands for the future development of International Mobile

Telecommunications (IMT), including possible additional allocations to the mobile service on a primary basis, in

accordance with Resolution COM6/20 (WRC-15);

Resolution COM6/20 (W

RC-15)

Studies on frequency-

related matters for

International Mobile

Telecommunications

identification including

possible additional

allocations to the mobile

services on a primary basis

in portion(s) of the

frequency range between

24.25 and 86 GHz for the

future development of

International Mobile

Telecommunications

for 2020 and beyond

TG5/1


1 to conduct and complete in time for WRC-19 the appropriate studies to determine the spectrum needs for the terrestrial

component of IMT in the frequency range between 24.25 GHz and 86 GHz, taking into account:

– technical and operational characteristics of terrestrial IMT systems that would operate in this frequency range, including the

evolution of IMT through advances in technology and spectrally efficient techniques;

– the deployment scenarios envisaged for IMT-2020 systems and the related requirements of high data traffic such as in dense

urban areas and/or in peak times;

– the needs of developing countries;

– the time-frame in which spectrum would be needed;

2 to conduct and complete in time for WRC-19 the appropriate sharing and compatibility studies1, taking into account the

protection of services to which the band is allocated on a primary basis, for the frequency bands:

– 24.25-27.5 GHz2, 37-40.5 GHz, 42.5-43.5 GHz, 45.5-

47 GHz, 47.2-50.2 GHz, 50.4-52.6 GHz, 66-76 GHz and 81-

86 GHz, which have allocations to the mobile service on a

primary basis; and

– 31.8-33.4 GHz, 40.5-42.5 GHz and 47-47.2 GHz,

which may require additional allocations to the mobile service

on a primary basis,

further resolves

1 to invite CPM19-1 to define the date by which

technical and operational characteristics needed for sharing and

compatibility studies are to be available, to ensure that studies referred

to in resolves to invite ITU-R can be completed in time for

consideration at WRC-19;

2 to invite WRC-19 to consider, based on the results of the above studies, additional spectrum allocations to the

mobile service on a primary basis and to consider identification of frequency bands for the terrestrial component of IMT; the bands to be

considered being limited to part or all of the bands listed in resolves to invite ITU-R 2,

____________

1 Including studies with respect to services in adjacent bands, as appropriate.

2 When conducting studies in the band 24.5-27.5 GHz, to take into account the need to ensure the protection of existing earth stations and the

deployment of future receiving earth stations under the EESS (space-to-Earth) and SRS (space-to-Earth) allocation in the frequency band 25.5-

Note: the

groups

below are

involved

groups

contributi

ng to this

issue

WP 3J

WP3K

WP 3M

WP 4A

WP 4B

WP 4C

WP 5A

WP 5B

WP 5C

WP 5D

WP 6A

WP 7B

WP 7C

WP 7D


WRC-2015: 5G Related Resolutions for WRC-19: Slide F

1.14 to consider, on the basis of ITU-R studies in accordance with Resolution COM6/21 (WRC-15),

appropriate regulatory actions for high-altitude platform stations (HAPS), within existing fixed-service allocations;

Resolution COM6/21

(WRC-15)

Facilitating access to

broadband applications

delivered by high-altitude

platform stations

WP 5C


1 to study additional spectrum needs for gateway and fixed terminal links for HAPS to provide broadband connectivity

in the fixed service taking into account:

– the existing identifications and deployments of HAPS systems;

– the deployment scenarios envisioned for HAPS broadband systems and related requirements such as in remote areas;

– the technical and operational characteristics of HAPS systems, including the evolution of HAPS through advances in

technology and spectrally-efficient techniques, and their deployment;

2 to study the suitability of using the existing identifications in recognizing c), on a global or regional level, taking into

account the regulatory provisions, such as geographical and technical restrictions associated with existing HAPS identifications based on

the study performed in resolves to invite ITU-R 1;

3 to study appropriate modifications to the existing footnotes and associated resolutions in the identifications in

recognizing c) in order to facilitate the use of HAPS links on a global or regional level, limited to the currently identified frequency bands

and, where the use of an identification is not technically feasible for HAPS use, the possible removal of

the unsuitable identification;

4 to study, in order to meet any spectrum needs which

could not be satisfied under resolves to invite ITU-R 1 and 2, for the

use of gateway and fixed terminal links for HAPS, the following

frequency bands already allocated to the fixed service on a primary

basis, not subject to Appendices 30, 30A, and 30B in any region:

– on a global level: 38-39.5 GHz, and

– on a regional level: in Region 2, 21.4-22 GHz and

24.25-27.5 GHz,further resolves

1 that the studies referred to in resolves to invite ITU-R 3 and 4 include sharing and compatibility studies to ensure protection

of existing services allocated in the frequency ranges identified and, as appropriate, adjacent band studies, taking into account studies

already performed in ITU-R;

2 that modifications studied under resolves to invite ITU-R 3 shall not consider the use of HAPS links in the frequency bands

subject to Appendix 30B;

3 to develop ITU-R Recommendations and Reports, as appropriate, on the basis of the studies called for in resolves to invite

ITU-R 1, 2, 3, and 4 above,

…

resolves to invite the 2019 World Radiocommunication Conference

to consider the results of the above studies and take necessary regulatory actions, as appropriate, provided that the results referred to in

resolves to invite ITU-R are complete and agreed by ITU-R study groups.

WP 4A

WP 4C

WP 5A

WP 5D

WP 7B

WP 7C

(WP 3M)

(WP 7D)


IMT Support for Giving Incumbent mmWave Licensees Flexible Mobile/Fixed Rights

Verizon CEO Lowell McAdams to Tom Wheeler

“Mr. McAdam emphasized the importance to the US economy and US consumer of the Commission acting quickly to make the spectrum bands above 24 GHz available for mobile broadband. Verizon agrees with the Commission’s primary proposal to grant flexible use rights to existing terrestrial licensees in the 28 GHz and 39 GHz bands.”


Conclusion

• Operators and Forecasters are showing that Pre 5G Deployments will ‘arrive’ in volume in

2017

• Drivers:

• Gigabit PTP and PMP Gear

• RFIC Advancements

• WRC – 15 Resolutions

• M2M, IOT

• Non-Line-of-Sight:

• Small cells (along with micro, pico, femto) in turn will drive NLOS solutions, resulting

in 5G NLOS use for bands above 6GHz.

• Opens exponentially the amount of spectrum available for mobile applications

Joseph Sandri

FiberTower Corp.

Ph: 202.223.1028

[email protected]



Contact

THANK YOU!

Joseph Sandri

FiberTower Corp.

Ph: 202.223.1028

[email protected]



Selected References (1 of 5)

“Millimeter-Wave Base Station for Mobile Broadband Communication,” F.Aryanfar, Z. Pi, H. Zhou, T.

Henige, G. Xu, S. Abu-Sura, D. Psychoudakis, F.Khan, Samsung Research America (May 2015)

“Study of Coexistence between 5G Small-Cell Systes and Systems of the Fixed Service at 39 GHz

Band,” J.Kim, L.Xian, A. Maltev, R. Aregi, A.S. Sadri, Intel Corporation, Nizhny Nogorod State

University

IEEE MTT-S (IMS2015) May 2015

JRC Small Cell Backhaul WIPAS 2 (Mar. 2013)

JRC 24GHz PMP & PTP small cell backhaul: “The JRC-FiberTower Process for Providing Access to

Licensed 24GHz and 39GHz Spectrum” (May 2012)

http://www.jrcamerica.com/download/WIPAS_Spectrum_in_US.pdf

Wikipedia Femtocell: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femtocell

Wikipedia Macrocell: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrocell

Inacon Picocell: http://www.inacon.de/glossary/Pico-cell.php

ITU-T (July 2011) (see p.11): http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/oth/06/4D/T064D0000020072PDFE.pdf

IWPC small cell workshop Jan-Feb 2012:

http://www.iwpc.org/Workshop_Folders/12_02_SmallCell_Backhaul/12_02_Agenda_Backhaul.html

Telecom Pulse (showcase Alcatel-Lucent cube): http://telecompulse.com/2011/02/12/small-cell-

technology-that-can-replace-cellular-towers-to-be-showcased-at-mwc-2011/

ITU-R P.1411-1:

http://symoon.free.fr/scs/ofdm/biblio/Transmission%20pour%20micro%20drones%202004/Netograph

ie/Modelisation%20de%20canal/ITU_R_P1411.pdf

Instat Small Cell study: http://www.instat.com/mp/10/IN1004712GW_Sample.pdf

EFYMag (Jan. 2011): http://www.efymagonline.com/pdf/Femto-Cells_Jan11.pdf

http://www.jrcamerica.com/download/WIPAS_Spectrum_in_US.pdf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femtocell

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrocell

http://www.inacon.de/glossary/Pico-cell.php

http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/oth/06/4D/T064D0000020072PDFE.pdf

http://www.iwpc.org/Workshop_Folders/12_02_SmallCell_Backhaul/12_02_Agenda_Backhaul.html

http://telecompulse.com/2011/02/12/small-cell-technology-that-can-replace-cellular-towers-to-be-showcased-at-mwc-2011/

http://symoon.free.fr/scs/ofdm/biblio/Transmission pour micro drones 2004/Netographie/Modelisation de canal/ITU_R_P1411.pdf

http://www.instat.com/mp/10/IN1004712GW_Sample.pdf

http://www.efymagonline.com/pdf/Femto-Cells_Jan11.pdf



Comptel Connection, Vol. 9, No. 18 (May 6, 2013)

FCC Small Cell and DAS program (Feb 1, 2012): http://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-workshop-das-

and-small-cells-february-1-2012

FCC Gigabit City Workshop, Mar. 2013 (http://www.fcc.gov/events/gigabit-workshop-1 )

JDSU

Ericsson Review 2013.3

Marvedis Front Haul Trends (Dec 2012)

FCC ULS search May 8, 2013: Call sign WPND768

John Janka et al, Latham & Watkins LLP Letter to FCC re: FiberTower Corporation’s Request for

Extension of Time, or in the Alternative, Limited Waiver of Substantial Service Requirement, ULS File

No. 0005207557 et al. (May 3, 2013)

John Janka et al, Latham & Watkins LLP Letter to FCC re: FiberTower Corporation’s Request for

Extension of Time, or in the Alternative, Limited Waiver of Substantial Service Requirement, ULS File

No. 0005207557 et al. (April 3, 2013)

FCC Small Cell and DAS program (Feb 1, 2012): http://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-workshop-das-

and-small-cells-february-1-2012

CTIA Small Cell program (May 2012): http://www.ctiawireless.com/events/eventdetails.cfm/1468

AT&T Small Cell pilot due late 2012; early 2013: http://www.engadget.com/2012/05/08/att-small-cell-

site-pilot-due-late-2012-2013/

Lightreading: DragonWave small cell product with FiberTower spectrum:

http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=213881

http://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-workshop-das-and-small-cells-february-1-2012

http://www.fcc.gov/events/gigabit-workshop-1

http://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-workshop-das-and-small-cells-february-1-2012

http://www.ctiawireless.com/events/eventdetails.cfm/1468

http://www.engadget.com/2012/05/08/att-small-cell-site-pilot-due-late-2012-2013/

http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=213881



Verizon; WirelessWeek “VoLTE: Coming Soon to a Phone Near You”, Oct. 15,

2013, http://www.wirelessweek.com/articles/2013/10/volte-coming-soon-phone-near-you

Pascagoula School District: TV White Space Project Presentation, SHLB, May 9, 2014, Washington,

DC

New America Foundation: SHLB Conference, 5/9/2014

Dell’Oro Group

NTT DOMOCO, 5/8/2014, "DOMOCO to Conduct 5G Experimental Trials with World-leading Mobile

Technology Vendors“

“Samsung Says New Superfast “5G” Works with Handsets in Motion” MIT Technology Review 6/3/13

http://www.technologyreview.com/news/515631/samsung-says-new-superfast-5g-works-with-

handsets-in-motion

WirelessTelecom.Wordpress.com , 5/4/2014

FCC; Fletcher Heald & Hildred CommLaw Blog, 11/20/2013

2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research

Use of Spectrum Bands Above 24 GHz for Mobile Radio Services, et al., GN Docket No. 14-177, et al.,

Notice of Inquiry, 29 FCC Rcd 13020 (2014) (“NOI”)

Use of Spectrum Bands Above 24 GHz for Mobile Radio Services, et al., GN Docket No. 14-177, et al.,

Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 81 Fed. Reg. 1802 (2015) (NPRM).

NOI Comments of FiberTower Spectrum Holdings, LLC, GN Docket No. 14-177 (filed Jan. 15, 2015)

NOI Reply Comment of FiberTower Spectrum Holdings, LLC, GN Docket No. 14-177 (filed Feb. 18,

2015)

http://www.wirelessweek.com/articles/2013/10/volte-coming-soon-phone-near-you

http://www.technologyreview.com/news/515631/samsung-says-new-superfast-5g-works-with-handsets-in-motion


Ex Parte Letter of FiberTower Spectrum Holdings LLC, GN-Docket No. 14-177 (filed Apr. 24, 2015)

Ex Parte Filing of FiberTower Spectrum Holdings LLC, GN-Docket No. 14-177 (filed Sep. 2, 2015)

Ex Parte Letter of FiberTower Spectrum Holdings LLC, GN-Docket No. 14-177 (filed Oct. 15, 2015)

NPRM Comments of FiberTower Spectrum Holdings, LLC, GN Docket No. 14-177 (filed Jan. 27, 2016)

NPRM Reply Comments of FiberTower Spectrum Holdings, LLC, GN Docket No. 14-177 (filed Feb. 26,

2016)

Ex Parte Filing of FiberTower Spectrum Holdings LLC, GN-Docket No. 14-177 (filed Mar. 28, 2016)

Ex Parte Filing of Ericsson, GN-Docket No. 14-177 (filed Feb. 23, 2016)

Ex Parte Letter of Ericsson, GN-Docket No. 14-177 (filed Jan. 8, 2016)

Ex Parte Letter of Verizon, GN-Docket No. 14-177 (filed Dec. 18, 2015)

“Verizon 5G Fixed Wireless Pilot Tracking for 2017”, RCR Wireless News, Sean Kinney, (Apr 22,2016)

http://www.rcrwireless.com/20160422/carriers/verizon-tracking-fixed-wireless-5g-pilot-2017-tag17 (last

accessed 5/5/16)

Spectrum Frontiers Workshop, Federal Communications Commissions, March 10 2016,

https://www.fcc.gov/news-events/events/2016/03/spectrum-frontiers-workshop (last accessed 5/5/16)

“5G a Triumph of Hype Over Expectation?”, Industrial iot 5G, David Pringle,(April 25, 2016)

http://industrialiot5g.com/5g-triumph-hype-expectation-tag28/ (last accessed 5/10/16)

“5G Standards Work Enables Global Scale”, Industrial iot 5G, Sean Kinney (April 22, 2016)

http://industrialiot5g.com/5g-standards-work-enables-global-scale-tag17-tag99/ (last accessed 5/10/16)

“Dish Warns Key 5G Spectrum ‘will be controlled almost exclusively by Verizon’ if XO deal approved”, Fierce

Wireless, Colin Gibbs (May 4, 2016) http://www.fiercewireless.com/story/dish-warns-5g-will-be-controlled-

almost-exclusively-verizon-if-carrier-acqu/2016-05-04 (last accesses 5/10/16)


http://www.rcrwireless.com/20160422/carriers/verizon-tracking-fixed-wireless-5g-pilot-2017-tag17

https://www.fcc.gov/news-events/events/2016/03/spectrum-frontiers-workshop

http://industrialiot5g.com/5g-triumph-hype-expectation-tag28/

http://industrialiot5g.com/5g-standards-work-enables-global-scale-tag17-tag99/

http://www.fiercewireless.com/story/dish-warns-5g-will-be-controlled-almost-exclusively-verizon-if-carrier-acqu/2016-05-04


“Verizon Confirms XO Spectrum in 28 GHz and 39 GHz Bands Will Be Used in 5G Tests”, Fierce Wireless,

Colin Gibbs (February 23, 2016). http://www.fiercewireless.com/story/verizon-confirms-xo-spectrum-28-ghz-

and-39-ghz-bands-will-be-used-5g-tests/2016-02-23 (last accessed 5/10/16)

Petition To Deny of DISH Network Corporation in Application of XO Communications. LLC and Verizon

Communications Inc. for Transfer of Control of Licenses and Authorizations, WC Docket. 16-70 (filed May 3,

2016)

Jon Martens, Anritsu Paper, Millimeter-Wave VNA Characterization using Modulated Signals, (Mar 2016)

http://dl.cdn-anritsu.com/ja-jp/test-measurement/reffiles/About-Anritsu/R_D/Technical/91/91-06-5g-2.pdf (last

accessed 5/10/16)

“CEO Details Sprint 5G Plans, Upcoming Trial”, Industrial iot 5G, Sean Kinney (May 4, 2016).

http://industrialiot5g.com/sprint-5g-plans-tag17/ (last accessed 5/10/16)

ITU-R (2016)


http://www.fiercewireless.com/story/verizon-confirms-xo-spectrum-28-ghz-and-39-ghz-bands-will-be-used-5g-tests/2016-02-23

http://dl.cdn-anritsu.com/ja-jp/test-measurement/reffiles/About-Anritsu/R_D/Technical/91/91-06-5g-2.pdf

http://industrialiot5g.com/sprint-5g-plans-tag17/


BACKGROUND SLIDES


mmWave Mobile Handset


Multi-gigabit mmWave – handset component (Sources: IEEE MTT-

S 5/19/2015 Phoenix AZ; IBM)

Enabling GB/s Wireless Connectivity in Portable Devices

Packaged 60 GHz Transceiver Supporting End-Fire and Normal Link

Directions

Normal Radiation

End Fire Radiation

Packaged RFIC

Designed for Portability

Small – Compact (11mm x 11mm x .5mm) and inexpensive multi-layer

organic (MLO) Package

Low Power – Fully Integrated low-power (< 250mW) switched beam,

60GHz transceiver in IBM 32nm SOI

Wide spatial coverage – 4 antennas support transmit and receive in both

broadside and end-fire directions


24GHz: 1Gbps - FiberTower Lab Connection (Physically diverse network connectivity,

complies with federal standard, Public Law 108-447, section 414)

Fiber Loop:

Network 1 Fiber Loop:

Network 2

1 Gbps link to Physically

Diverse Fiber Network 2

1 Gbps Wi-Fi

in 1st floor

conference

rooms

Uninterruptable

Power Source

(UPS) at both

buildings.


The mmWave Environment is very ‘stimulated’ by

publications and equipment developments

42


mmWave: Handset Coverage Between Base Stations Sources: Samsung, Intel, IEEE MTT-S 2015, FiberTower

43

0-100 meters

0-100

Meters: -60

GHz,

-70/80 GHz

0-300 Meters –

-LMDS

-37 GHz

-39 GHz

-42 GHz

0-500 Meters:

-20 GHz,

-24GHz,

-26GHz


24GHz: Mobile & NLOS Testing Using PMP Equipment

90 Degrees Sectoral Antenna


NON LINE OF SIGHT (NLOS): 24GHz TEST

Base Station Non Line of Site


215 ft.

Fixed and Mobile LOS and NLOS Test Sites


.2 Miles

150 ft.

Mobile LOS Test Site


NLOS Test Sites


Mobility Test at 24GHz

MODE MAXIMUM

FUNCTIONALITY AS

PERTAINS TO

AVERAGE LINK

SPEED (Mbps)

PERCENTAGE

RELATED TO

OPTIMAL

STATIONARY FIXED

CONDITIONS

Normal line-of-sight

connectivity

11 Mbps avg.

download;

21 Mbps avg. upload

100%

Remote unit traveling

at 6 miles per hour

over 0.2 miles in line-

of-sight conditions.

State highway 28:

Georgia Avenue,

Silver Spring,

Maryland.

5.3 Mbps avg.

download;

14 Mbps avg. upload.

Download: 48.18%

Upload: 66.67%


1-2Mph backwards

and forward 215 feet

from base station,

across railroad tracks

and state highway.

9.5 Mbps avg.

download;


Download: 86.36%

Upload: 95.24%

Mobility test at 24 GHz:

TABLE 1: Mobile deployments at 24GHz using standard PMP equipment calibrated

to a maximum 11 Mbps download and 21 Mbps upload in stationary optimal

conditions.


MODE MAXIMUM

FUNCTIONALITY AS

PERTAINS TO

AVERAGE LINK

SPEED (Mbps)

PERCENTAGE

RELATED TO

OPTIMAL

STATIONARY FIXED

CONDITIONS


connectivity

180 Mbps avg.

download;

180 Mbps avg. upload

100%


at 6 miles per hour over

0.2 miles in line-of-sight

conditions. State

highway 28: Georgia

Avenue, Silver Spring,

Maryland.

103.365 Mbps full

duplex

Download: 48.18%

Upload: 66.67%

Combined for average

57.425%


1-2Mph backwards and

forward 215 feet from

base station, across

railroad tracks and

state highway.

163.44 Mbps full

duplex

Download: 86.36%

Upload: 95.24%


90.8%

TABLE 2: Mobile 24GHz: Extrapolation to 180 Mbps full duplex system utilizing

data from Table 1 actual mobility test.

Mobility Test at 24GHz Continued…


MODE MAXIMUM FUNCTIONALITY

AS PERTAINS TO AVERAGE

LINK SPEED (Mbps)

PERCENTAGE RELATED

TO OPTIMAL

STATIONARY FIXED

CONDITIONS


connectivity

1 Gbps avg. download;

1 Gbps avg. upload

100%

Remote unit traveling at 6

miles per hour over 0.2

miles in line-of-sight

conditions. State

highway 28: Georgia

Avenue, Silver Spring,

Maryland.

572.5 Mbps full duplex Download: 48.18%

Upload: 66.67%


57.25%

Remote unit traveling 1-

2Mph backwards and

forward 215 feet from

base station, across

railroad tracks and state

highway.

908 Mbps full duplex Download: 86.36%

Upload: 95.24%


90.8%

TABLE 3: Mobile 24GHz: Extrapolation to 1 Gbps full duplex system

utilizing data from Table 1 actual mobility test.



MODE MAXIMUM FUNCTIONALITY AS

PERTAINS TO AVERAGE LINK

SPEED (Mbps)

PERCENTAGE RELATED TO

OPTIMAL STATIONARY FIXED

CONDITIONS


connectivity

180 Mbps avg. download;


100%

NLOS PMP signal deflected off

building across the street and

down to street level stationary

vehicle.



Download: 81.18%

Upload: 100%

TABLE 4: Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) deployment at 24 GHz using standard PMP

equipment calibrated to a maximum 11 Mbps download and 21 Mbps upload in

stationary optimal conditions.





SPEED (Mbps)



CONDITIONS


connectivity



100%




vehicle.

163.06 Mbps Download: 81.18%

Upload: 100%

Combined: 90.59%

TABLE 5: Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) 24GHz: Extrapolation to 180Mbps full duplex systems utilizing data

from Table 4 NLOS deployment.





SPEED (Mbps)



CONDITIONS

Normal line-of-sight connectivity 1 Gbps avg. download;

1 Gbps avg. upload

100%




vehicle.

905.9 Mbps Download: 81.18%

Upload: 100%

Combined: 90.59%

TABLE 6: Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) 24GHz: Extrapolation to 1 Gbps full duplex systems utilizing

data from Table 4 NLOS deployment.



Figure 1 : FS Antenna Patterns by Band


700 MHz 24-26 GHz 38 GHz

Beamwidth 97.4º 2.5º 1.6º

Channel Reuse:

[The maximum times

the same channel

(with shielded sectors)

could theoretically be

reused in the same

360º from the same

location.]

Less than 4 144 225

Figure 2: Beamwidth and Channel Reuse Analysis Using Data from Figure 1


mmWave: ITU: WRC-2015, WRC-19, WRC-23

Nov 2015 – WRC-

2015

May 2016 – WP5

Nov 2016 – WP5

WRC-19

WRC23

Radiocommunication Study

Groups

Source: Document 5C/TEMP/193 Document 5/167-E

6 November 2014

English only

Working Party 5C

DRAFT NEW REPORT ITU-R F.[FS USE-

TRENDS]

Fixed service use and future trends


Mobile and Fixed Compatibility: mmWave


Small, Micro, Pico, Femto

59

Network Integrated NOT Network Integrated

SMALL PICO

25w - 10w 5w - 0.5w

FEMTO

0.50 – 0.25w

MICRO RANGE

C Cell

(Consumer)


Small Cell: Complex EcologiesWhat Data is Meaningful to You? Your Funders? Your Customers?

60

SMALL CELL

• Macro

• Micro

• PicoSkilled

Workers

RFP’s

Build Deadlines

Build

Status

Capital Funds

Needed

Demand > Supply

Furniture

Equipment

Demands

Power

Source

Weather

Distance

Interference

Available Spectrum

Site Access

CityState

Utility

Region

FCC

NTIA

State Dept

ITU

Working

Party 5c

Non Static

Ecosystem

2016

2015

2014

FirstNET

5G

LTE

WCS

AWS

BRS900 MHz

800 MHz

700 MHz

TV White

Space

WiFiIndoor

Stadium

Outdoor

Weight Loading

Wind Loading

Standards

3.5 GHz

ConnectED

4G builds


Mobile Broadband Status <-> Small Cell Markets

61

Small Cell Type Residential Small-Medium

Business Enterprise

Service Provider

# Users per small

Cell

1-8 1-32 1-16

Network 2G/ 3G/ 4G/ WiFi 2G/ 3G/ 4G/ WiFi 3G/ 4G/ WiFi

Status Early Majority Late Majority Innovator

Typical Access

Vendor

Juni, SK Telecom,

ALV, Airvano, Cisco,

IP-Access, NEC,

Samsung,

SpiderCloud

ALV, Airvano, Cisco,

IP-Access, NEC,

Samsung,

SpiderCloud

ALV, Ericsson, Cisco,

Huawei, NEC, Nokia,

Samsung,

SpiderCloud, ZTE

Rf Power Licensed < 20mV <0.2W <10W

TYPE Femto Femto, Pico Femto, Pico, Micro

2.5% 13.5%Early Adopters 34%

Early Majority

34%

Late Majority

16% Laggards

HetNet VoLTE

Innovators

Consistent

10mbps

World Smart Phone U.S. Smart Phone

Source:

Dell’Oro

Group


VoLTE

62

‘Volte : A very small circle that is used in the training of a horse.

Of all the circles, it requires the most balance from the horse.

Voltes are excellent training tools, encouraging engagement and

power”

VoLTE : Voice over LTE Lower power consumption; Uses 50% less spectrum than 2G/3G voice Smaller Cells

Sources: WikiPedia; Verizon; WirelessWeek “VoLTE: Coming Soon to a Phone Near You”, Oct. 15,

2013, http://www.wirelessweek.com/articles/2013/10/volte-coming-soon-phone-near-you

http://www.wirelessweek.com/articles/2013/10/volte-coming-soon-phone-near-you


Small Cell Adoption Barriers

63

BACKHAUL: Affordable/ Available

COMMERCIAL AVAILABILITY:

• Complete End-to-End Solution

• Performance Parity with Marco Cell

DEPLOYMENT CHALLENGE:

• Street Furniture

• Security

• Trust

• New territory/ skill sets needed to deploy

• Permitting/Site Access

Source: AT&T; Dell’Oro Group


What Are Small Cells?

There are varying definitions. For purposes of today’s presentation we will use the following:

Macrocells are the original, wide area high power bases stations that cover areas typically

reaching up to 20 miles radius (there are exceptions).

Small cells are the generic umbrella term for a variety of smaller underlay cell technologies.

Small cells do not replace Macrocells, and instead support and feed back to Macrocell

networks.

Picocells are operated and managed by the network operator who also pays for site rental, and

transmission back to the core network.

Femtocells are semi-autonomous systems. They are installed, powered and connected by the end user

or business with less active remove management by the network operator who remains responsible for

them.

Macro Small Cell

Radio 1-3 miles 0.1-0.5 miles

Per site capacity -150 to 500 Mbps -100 to 300 Mbps

Aggregation

capacity

-500 to 2000 Mbps -300 to 1000 Mbps


Small Cell Wireless Backhaul Solutions

Unlicensed

Millimeter

Wave

(60 GHz)

Lightly

Licensed

Millimeter

Wave

(70-80 GHz);

100 GHz+

Licensed Point-

to-Point

Microwave

(6,11,18,23 GHz)

Licensed Wide-

Area Microwave

(24,28,31,38 GHz)

Sub-6 GHz

Licensed/

Lightly

Licensed (2.4

GHz; BRS;

3.65 GHz; etc)

Sub-6 GHz

Unlicensed

(TVWS; 900-

928 MHz;

2400-2483.5

MHz; 5 GHz)

Capacity +1Gbps (scalable) 10Gbps +

Scalable

1Gbps + 1Gbps + 170 Mbps 1x1MIMO:150Mbit/s

2x2MIMI:300Mbit/s

3x3MIMO;450Mbit/s

Coverage 1km hop length ~ 3km hop length 2-4 Km 2-4 Km - 1.5-2.5km urban

- 10km rural

Up to 250 meters

Installation Line of Sight Line of Sight • Line of sight

• New NLOS product

on market– viability

being tested

• Line of sight

• New NLOS product

on market– viability

being tested

• Non line of sight

• New NLOS

product on

market– viability

being tested

Non line of sight

Use Cases Strong candidate

to be primary

wireless backhaul

at the ‘street-level’

Suitable for

‘rooftop

aggregation’ of

small cells, back

to macro

- Point to multipoint:

Peppered Capacity

- Point to Point:

Remote not-spots

- Point to multipoint:

Peppered Capacity

- Point to Point:

Remote not-spots

Significantly

higher coverage

enabling rapid

rollout across a

target area

- Remote isolated

locations

- backhaul of Wi-Fi

access points

Challenges - Requires line of

sight

- requires multiple

hops

- Complexity of

install

- Pole Sway

- Required line of

sight

- Requires Line of sight - Requires Line of sight

- New NLOS products

being tested for wide-

scale viability

Limited by typical

licensed spectrum

allocation

availability

- Uncoordinated

causing

interference

- In unlicensed

spectrum clear

today does not

guarantee clear

tomorrow


Small Cells

Macro-Cells vs Small Cells

SOURCE: JDSU


Small Cells

Types of Small Cells

SOURCE: JDSU


Small-cells

Backhaul and Fronthaul Variations

SOURCE: JDSU


Small Cell Wireless Front Haul

Front Haul: Connection between the two main parts of a Mobile Base Station (1) Base Band Unit (2) Radio Unit

CPRI = Common Public Radio InterfaceRRH = Remote Radio HeadWRRH = Wireless Remote Radio Head

Base Band Unit

W-RRH

W-RRH


FRONT HAUL

Type of

Connection

Throughput

Requirement

Maximum

Round Trip

Delay

Backhaul Maximum: 150 Mbps

Average: 21 Mbps

20 milliseconds

Fronthaul Constant : 2.457

Gbps

0.300

milliseconds

Table 1 Comparison of requirements for a single-sector LTE 2x2 MIMO base station in a 20

MHz channel [Source: Marvedis


Cell metrics

1980s to the Present

3 Million mobile base stations operational worldwide

῀25 years to construct

Present to 2019

60 Million commercial mobile LTE base stations worldwide

10-15% in the U.S.

Backhaul Wireline: +50%

Backhaul Wireless: 20-to-50%

Low band

Unlicensed

Licensed

High band

Unlicensed

Licensed

Ratio of Small Cell to Macro: 5:1 (Suburban) to 20:1 (Dense Urban)


National and local level challenges to handle any A&E drawing, leasing,

zoning, permitting or construction needs

Other uses not included in the commercial network forecast tabulation:

FirstNet: National First Responder Network

45,000 Macro sites

WiFi

WISPs

Fronthaul

SmartGrid

Intelligent Vehicle

Electronic bill boards

Stadium & Festival events

Video > Fixed, Portable & Mobile

Surveillance; News

Inside buildings

Other Uses


Network Deployment Process: Street Level

Requires Different Thinking

Design

• Final Design with Field Verification

• Ascetics & Size Make Enormous Difference with Small Cells versus Macro Cells

Pre-NTP

• Site Design and Lease Application

• Pre-Construction site walks

• Construction drawings, structural analysis and lease application

NTP

• NTP to Construction

• Lease execution, zoning approval (possibly waived) & building/tower permit or pole attachment

• Space and power readiness confirmation

Build

• Site Construction

• Equipment installation and cabling

• Pathing and RF link testing

• Site acceptance

Test & Acceptance

• Link Test & Acceptance

• Service provisioning and service testing

• Handover to customer


Deployment: Construction Standards

General Workmanship

Grounding

Cabinet Installation

Cabling and

Connectors

Equipment Installation

Antennas and

Mounts

Special Circum-stances

Detailed library of construction standards to cover all Metro authorities

FCC Pole Attachment rules: utilities to ‘make ready’ within 45 days; ῀$12/yr

Cross-functional teams must continually review and update based on field feedback

Contractors are trained on the standards; Field Operations verifies compliance upon

site acceptance


Project Macro and Small Cell

Backhaul Network Architecture


Small Cell Accelerators

LTE Arriving: Funded projects

Verizon well underway

AT&T, TMO, Sprint, Others in various (mostly early) stages

National 1st Responder Network (45,000 sites; Funded Feb. 2012, Pub.Law 112-96).

FCC Pole Attachment Order

July 2011: Utilities must make poles ready within 45 days

Typically $12 per year rent

Compared to +$200 per month on typical towers and rooftops!

Small Cell backhaul gear developments

Low band

Unlicensed 928 MHz, 2.8 GHz, 5 GHz

Lite License: 3.65 GHz

3.5 GHz SAS (testing)

Wide-area Licensed : BRS, WCS, 1.4, others

High band

Unlicensed : 60 GHz ; Lite Licensed: 70-90 GHz

Point-to-point: 6, 11, 18, 23 GHz

Wide-area Licensed: 24 GHz (400 MHz); 28-31 GHz; 38.6-40.0 GHz


Sample Fixed Wireless/ Fiber Backhaul Architecture

Hybrid network architecture, composed

of fiber and point-to-point microwave

transport segments


Small Cell Project Backhaul Network: Border Protection

Primary Network Nodes:

Fiber exchange points

On-net buildings/towers

Off-net buildings/towers

Aggregation hub trooftops/owers

Small-cell host poles/towers/buildings

Microwave Backhaul Links

Macro Aggregation links

Small cell access links

Lightpoles/Power poles

Towers/Rooftops

Portable

Return to

Macro

Network


Sample fixed wireless systems: small cell backhaul

For use on licensed wide-area millimeter band licenses

EBand

DragonWave

Multiple point-to-point backhaul for pole-mounted LTE base stations

JRC

Point-to-multipoint (PMP) and Point-to-point (PTP)

BridgeWave

+1 Gbps

Ceragon

Ericsson

Alcatel-Lucent

Aviat

SAF T

Many others!


Highly Dense Deployments Reveal New Uses for Fixed

Millimeter-Wave : NLOS, Portable, Mobile

Once small cell deployments achieve critical mass

Hundreds or thousands of systems over a few square miles

Outdoors

Inside buildings

Portable

Mobile

Achieving line-of-sight from multiple angles

Easily installed low-cost, low-profile gear

Point-to-multipoint (PMP) and Point-to-point (PTP)

Thus allowing ‘ mobile-style’ performance on wide-area

licenses

With superior bandwidth suddenly available

400 MHz at 24GHz (5 x 80 MHz channels)

1150 MHz in LMDS Block A

1.4 GHz at 39 GHz (14 x 100 MHz channels)


• ATT McCaw Era 6GHz Mobile

Stanford: circa 2005 60GHz Mobile;

Ericsson: Figures from Non-Line-of-

Sight Microwave Backhaul Small

Cells Presentation from Feb 22 2013

Density-based Mobile

NLOS, Portable, Mobile


Ericsson Review: 2013.3

10


Small-Cell Wide-Area Licensed Spectrum: 24GHz,

28GHz, 31GHz, 38GHz

Quality of Service:

• Commercial Contract Standards:

• Exclusively Licensed

• Wide-area planning

• 99.995% Signal Availability

• 4-to-8 hour Mean Time to Repair

• High Density

• +50 Links Per Square Mile

• Low-profile customer node

• Sample: Less than 12”

• NOTE: Some are substantially

smaller

10


FCC Enforces Renewal Standard

Four links per million people by June 1, 2012

resulted in:

• 2/3rds licenses returned

• Approximately 60 Extension Requests denied

and licenses terminated

• Perfectly good state-of-the-art systems torn

down

• National small-cell backhaul network rejected

• Some systems built using ancient technology

• FiberTower sought and received Federal Court

injunction against FCC re-authorizing its

terminated 24GHz and 39GHz licenses

• Briefing schedule estimated Mid- 2014

10


Small-Cells Mobility and Spectrum Benefits

Small-cells enhance coverage of macro-cells and capacity for indoor and outdoor environments:

- Increases throughput and mobility performance

- Optimizes power and spectrum efficiencies

SOURCE: JDSU

10


• What type of backhaul technology will be most commonly used in small-cells:

• 1.DSL over copper

• 2.Ethernet over copper

• 3.Ethernet over fiber

• 4.Ethernet over non-line-of-sight μW (< 6GHz)

• 5.Ethernet over line-of-sight μW (6GHz to 30GHz)

• 6.Ethernet over mmW (30GHz to 300GHz)

Poll Question

SOURCE: JDSU

10


Small-Cells

Test Points

SOURCE: JDSU

10


Traditional Line of Sight Considerations.

105

Source: New America Foundation: SHLB Conference, 5/9/2014

10


TV White Spaces: Small Cell Examples

106

Base station: 3’ tall, 5”

cylinder. Nodes: Flat panel 10” x 8”

x 1” Advantages: NLOS

Performance: 3Mbps

down; 1 Mbps up

Source: Pascagoula School District: TV White Space Project Presentation, SHLB,

May 9, 2014, Washington, DC"

10


Non Line of Sight (NLOS): Network Tests Announced

May 8, 2014

107

Source: NTT DOMOCO, 5/8/2014, "DOMOCO to Conduct 5G Experimental Trials

with World-leading Mobile Technology Vendors"

10


NLOS & Superfast 5G: Unlocking Microwave, Millimeter

Wave and Above

108

MIT is looking closely, with due caution, at 5G NLOS claims

“Roh said that in tests—with a transmitter mounted on an outside wall at the third-

floor level of an 11-story concrete building and the receiver moving around, with part

of the building blocking the signal—the new technology delivered error-free data at

256 megabits per second, reaching a rate of 512 megabits per second with

negligible errors. This compares to the theoretical maximum of about 75 megabits

per second that current 4G LTE technology can provide.”

Source: “Samsung Says New Superfast “5G” Works with Handsets in Motion” MIT Technology Review 6/3/13

http://www.technologyreview.com/news/515631/samsung-says-new-superfast-5g-works-with-handsets-in-

motion/

10


Macro, Pico, Micro, Femto, WiFi

109

Source: WirelessTelecom.Wordpress.com , 5/4/2014

11


3.5 GHz Small Cell

110

• 3550-3650 MHz

• Novel: Real-time spectrum coordination

system suggested

• Technical Papers submitted Jan. 2014.

• Licensing/use not expected this year.

Sources: FCC; Fletcher Heald & Hildred CommLaw Blog, 11/20/2013

11


5G Service Vision

111Source: 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research

11


5G Key Performance Targets

112

Source: 2013 Samsung DMC R&D Communications Research

11


Spectrum Remains a Key Challenge


11


Unlocking mm-Wave Spectrum for 5G

114


11


mmWave Mobile Communication Prototype

115


11

6 FiberTower Confidential116


11


Test Result Range


11


Test Results - Mobility


11


Mm-Wave 5G Opportunities & Research Challenges

119


12


NLOS – Millimeter Wave Band Test

120


12


Challenges for mmWave Mobility

121

• Acceptance on Security

• Beamforming

• Power Source

• Human Exposure: Heat more than RF

• Handset size

• Also:

• “more and higher carrier frequencies, more transitions, and wider modulation bandwidths, of

transmitters and receivers. Among the radio components, the power amplifier is often of central

interest due to its relative cost and relative importance in determining performance. Thus in a 5G

context, characterization and analysis of power amplifier performance can be quite important and

will be more challenging for a number of reasons:

• With higher carrier frequencies, stability and repeatability of the measurement can be more

difficult.

• Broader band and high frequency devices, and measurement systems, tend to have lower

return losses which can affect measurement accuracy. These mismatch effects are one part

of a broader power measurement accuracy question.

• Measurement speed can become an issue as the amount of frequency space to be

analyzed increases and the number of different parameters to be measured likely increases.

• Practicality of the measurement setup may become an issue as levels of complexity

increase” [Source: http://dl.cdn-anritsu.com/ja-jp/test-measurement/reffiles/About-

Anritsu/R_D/Technical/91/91-06-5g-2.pdf ]

12


Potential interference scenerios in UMFUS (mmWave)

bands

122

[Source: ITU-R]

12


mmWave 5G & Automotive

123

Issues: 5G Mobile Networks have certain common environmental challenges regardless if they service:

• automotive occupants

• automobile functions

• highway/roadway management functions

[Source: ITU-R]

12


Conclusion

• Operators and Forecasters are showing that Pre 5G Deployments will ‘arrive’ in volume in

2017

• Drivers:

• Gigabit PTP and PMP Gear

• RFIC Advancements

• WRC – 15 Resolutions

• M2M, IOT

• Non-Line-of-Sight:

• Small cells (along with micro, pico, femto) in turn will drive NLOS solutions, resulting

in 5G NLOS use for bands above 6GHz.

• Opens exponentially the amount of spectrum available for mobile applications

Joseph Sandri

FiberTower Corp.

Ph: 202.223.1028

[email protected]


5g and mmwave developments - spectrum management · qualcomm is looking to 2020, with a unified 5g...

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