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222 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Operating Cisco IOS Software

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Router Internal Components

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External Components of a 2600 Router

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ROM Functions

Contains microcode for basic functions

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Cisco Software components

Cisco IOS (Internetwork Operating System) It is the operating system that manages the hardware

platform it is working on.

Configuration File It is a program file that contains commands that

reflect how the router will react.

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8/36888 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Step in Router Initialization

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Loading the Cisco IOS Imagefrom Flash Memory

The flash memory file is decompressed into RAM.

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Loading the Configuration

Load and execute the configuration from NVRAM.

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Computer/Terminal Console Connection

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HyperTerminal Session Properties

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Setup mode

- Permit the administrator to install a minimal configuration for a router( appeared if no saved configuration , Ctrl-C to skip )

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Other Router Modes

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IOS Features

Support context help and abbreviations ( ? )

Support of auto complete ( Tab button )

Support syntax error detection

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Context help features

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Configuring Router Identification

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Configuring a Router Password

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Configuring Interfaces

Router#config t

RouterA(config)# interface serial 0/0

RouterA(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

RouterA(config-if)# no shutdownRouterA(config-if)# clock rate 56000 (required for serial DCE only)RouterA(config-if)#bandwidth 64 (a value in kbps)RouterA(config-if)# exit

RouterB(config)# int serial 0/1

RouterB(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.252RouterB(config-if)# no shutdown

RouterB(config-if)# exit

RouterB(config)# exit

Router#

To know which interface is the DCE :

RouterA# show controller s0/0

S0/0

S0/1

192.168.1.1/30192.168.1.2/30

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monitoring and debugging

showcommands are typed in both

privileged EXECand user EXEC modes

#show interfaces Displays all the statistics for all the interfaces#show int s0/1 Displays statistics for interface Serial 0/1#show ip interface brief Displays a summary about interfaces#show flash Displays info about flash memory and what IOS in it

#show start Displays the saved configuration located in NVRAM#show run Displays the configuration currently running in RAM#show version Displays info about the router and the IOS#show ARP Displays the ARP table of the router#show protocol Displays the global and interface specific status of any

configured Layer 3 protocols#show controllers serial0/0 Displays information-specific to the

interface hardware

#erase nvram erase the saved configuration file#reload restart the router

#copy run start

save the current configuration in RAM into the NVRAM

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show version Command

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Configuration Register Values

0x2100

0x2101

0x2102 to0x210F

The configuration register value set the boot option

The value 0x2142 is used to bypass the NVRAM

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Boot system command

- beside the configuration register you canuse the boot system command to forcebooting location.

Router(config)# boot system flash

Router(config)# boot system rom

Router(config)# boot system tftp

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Displays the current and saved configuration

show running-config andshow startup-config Commands

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show interfaces Command

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Interpreting the Interface Status

Layer 1 status Layer 2 status

- Serial0/1 is administratively down , line protocol is down

interface is shut down

- Serial0/1 is down , line protocol is down

interface or cable H/W failure ( no keep-alives )

- Serial0/1 is up , line protocol is down

different encapsulation type ( PPP , HDLC , FR ) or no clock rateon the DCE device.

Interfaceis workingproperly

Other interface status :

S0/1S0/0

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Shows the cable type of serial cables

Serial Interface show controller Command

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Discovering Neighbors with CDP

CDP runs on routers with Cisco IOSto get information about the directconnected Cisco devices.

Summary informationincludes:

Device identifiers

Address list

Port identifier

Capabilities list

Platform

U i h h d

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Using the show cdpneighbors Command

RouterA# show cdp neighbors detail

provide also the neighbors ip addresses.

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Using Telnet to Connect to Remote Devices

Telnet is used to check all the TCP/IP stack

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Viewing Telnet Connections

S di d R i

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Suspending and Resuminga Telnet Session

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Closing a Telnet Session

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Using the ping and trace Commands

Ping commands tests the connectivity and path to a remote device

( test layer 3 in TCP/IP )

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Cisco IOS copy Command

#

#

#

#

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#

To save IOS image orconfiguration file

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