6.3 – 6.4 Acids & Bases

Pages 199 - 212

Goal 1

Compare and contrast the characteristics of acids and

bases

AcidsAcids

1. Taste sour1. Taste sour

2. Donates Hydrogen ions H+

3. Forms Hydronium ions H3O+

Products of a chemical reaction will show

H3O

Products of a chemical reaction will show

H3O

HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl-

4. Turns Blue litmus paper

to RED

5. It Burns skin and tissue

6. Conducts electricity

Want to see something cool?

Copy this link to your browser

http://pickle.xr.ca/

7. Crystalline Solid

Examples

Battery acidBattery acidStomach acidStomach acid

Bases

1. Tastes Bitter

2. Hydroxide ions OH-

KOH KOH K K++ + OH + OH--

NHNH33 + H + H22O O NH NH44++ + OH + OH--

3. Turns Red litmus paper

to BLUE

4. Corrosive (feels slippery)

5. Can also conduct electricity

Examples

Sodium hydroxide pellets

Goal 2

Relate the pH value to the concentration and strength of a

dissolved acid or base

pH measures hydronium ions (H3O+)

Comparative concentrations

Hydronium ions (acid)

Hydroxide ions (base)

0 A lot A little

7 = =

14 A little A lot

Concentration changes by powers of 10

pH =1 has 10x more than pH = 2

pH = 1 has 100x more than pH = 3

More Less

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Goal 3

Identify the products of neutralization reactions

Acid + Base water

H3O+ + OH- H2O

Acid + Base water + salt

H3O+ + Cl- + Na+ + OH- 2H2O + Na+ + Cl-

H3O+ + Cl- + Al+ + OH- ___ + ___ + __

H3O+ + Cl- + Na+ + OH- 2H2O + Al+ + Cl-

KOH + HNO3 ___+ ___+___

KOH + HNO3 H2O + K+ + NO3-

Is it balanced?

Must have = amounts of

hydronium and hydroxide ions

to completely neutralize

Goal 4

Explain how common acidic and basic household substances

work

Soap = basic

surrounds oily substances

allows emulsion in water

Whisked away!

Detergents = basic

lather in hard water

do not form soap scum

Ammonia = basic

emulsifies oil

whisked away!

Bleach = basic

Disinfectant

kill bacteria & viruses

Thanks to the following people who have generously shared their images on the creative commons of Flickr:

Progoddess…I love lemon & peppermintFrotzed2… gave your kid a lemon

Bunchofpants… pickle on a forkBrad Lauster… Big Papa

G.J. Charlet III… hey kool-aid!Interplast… acid burn

Duchamp… electric pickleDeanj… Old ray-o-vacs

Wallyg… Homer!!Jemsweb… walnut

Greg McElhatton… unsweetened chocolateSantoslilhelper… slippery when wet

Thanks to the following people who have generously shared their images on the

creative commons of Wikipedia:

Walkerma… sodium hydroxide pellets