6,7.docx · web view24-feb-1983 105 nazar ameen gm s02 11-aug-2006 03-mar-1984 108 priyam sen ceo...
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MODEL PAPER 1 a) Find the Cartesian product of the given tables
ID NAME1 Rajesh2 Anil3 Vishakha
E_ID E_NAMEA1 RKDA2 MMK
b) Create a TABLE student with following details Stu_name VARCHAR2(25)
F_Name VARCHAR2(25) Age NUMBER(3) c) Write SQL commands:
No. Name Age Department City Salary Sex1 RAJAT
AGGARWAL28 SALES DELHI 25000 M
2 KESHAV GOYAL 23 MARKETING
DELHI 28000 M
3 RAGHAV BANSAL
26 MARKETING
DELHI 26500 M
4 NEETU GUPTA 29 IT NOIDA 24510 F5 ROHINI GARG 27 IT NOIDA 26500 F6 RICHA
SINGHAL24 HR GHAZIABA
D24530 F
7 AKASH GUPTA 22 SALES GHAZIABAD
27800 M
i) To show all the Records from Sales Departmentii) To show the record of all employees getting salary more than 25000.iii) To show All the records of Male Employeesiv) To show the records of employees living in Delhi and getting salary more than
26000.v) To show the records of Male employees living in Ghaziabad [2+1+5=8]Marks:8
Answer: a)
ID Name E_ID E_NAME1 Rajesh A1 PKD1 Rajesh A2 MMK2 Anil A1 PKD2 Anil A2 MMK3 Vishakha A1 PKD3 Vishakha A2 MMK
b)
CREATE TABLE STUDENT(Stu_name VARCHAR2(25),F_Name VARCHAR2(25),Age Number(3)); c)Queries:i) SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Department=’SALES’; ii) SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Salary>25000; iii) SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Sex=’M’; iv) SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE City=’DELHI’ AND SALARY>26000; v) SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE City=’GHAZIABAD' AND Sex=’M’;
Hide Answer
Q6
a) Explain Demorgan’s Law. b) Develop the Boolean expression for the circuit below.
c) Reduce the following Boolean expression using K-Map:
F(P,Q,R,S)=Σ(0,3,5,6,7,11,12,15)
d) Given the truth table of a function F(x, y, z). Write the s-o-p expression and canonical form from the following truth table:
x y z F
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 0
[2+1+2+3=8]
Marks:8
Answer:
a) According to Demorgan’s law
1) The complement of the sum is equal to the product of the complement.
2) The complement of the product is equal to the sum of the complement.
(X+Y)’=X’.Y’
b) X= (((AB’C)’ + B)’’).B.(A+C’)’
c)
There are 1 quad, 2 pairs & 2 blocksQuad(m3+m7+m15+m11) reduces to RSPair (m5+m7) reduces to P’QSPair (m7+m6) reduces to P’QR Block m0=P’Q’R’S’
m12=PQR’S’ Hence the final expressions is F=RS + P’QS + P’QR + PQR’S’ + P’Q’R’S’
d) Canonical SOP Σ F(x,y,z) =x’y’z + x’yz’ + x’yz
=m1 + m2+ m3
=S(1,2,3)
Hide Answer
Q7
a) Extramarks has setup its new R&D centre in NOIDA. The company compound has 4 buildings:
Distance between different Blocks:
A-BLOCK TO B -BLOCK
40 M
B-BLOCK TO C –BLOCK
70 M
C-BLOCK TO D –BLOCK
30 M
D-BLOCK TO A –BLOCK
180 M
A-BLOCK TO C –BLOCK
100 M
B-BLOCK TO D –BLOCK
105 M
Number of computers in each block:
BLOCK-A 20
BLOCK-B 80
BLOCK-C 12
BLOCK-D 20
a1) Suggest a cable layout of connection between the blocks.
a2) Suggest the most suitable place to house the server of the organization with reason.
a3) Suggest the placement of the a) Internet connecting Devices 2) Switch
a4) Which types of network will be suitable if the BLOCKS are to be connected to extension offices in various parts of the city.
b) Write the full form of HTML and WWW.
c) Define the term Topology. Mention different types of topologies.
d) What is APRANET?
e) Define Web Browser. [4+1+2+1+2=10]
Marks:10
Answer:
a)a1)
a2) The most suitable block to house the server is B-BLOCK.
a3) 1) B-BLOCK 2) A switch would be needed in all the BLOCKS.
a4) MAN (Metropolitan Area Networks) is suitable.
b) HTML-Hyper Text Markup Language WWW- World Wide Web
c) The structure or the layout of the networks in which the computer are connected refers to topology. In a topology the workstations are connected to the network. It provides interconnection communication in the network.There are various types of topologies:
i) Star Topologyii) Ring Topologyiii) Bus Topology
iv) Tree Topologyv) Mesh Topology
d) APRANET is a research based network. It is sponsored by Department of Defence.
e) A Web Browser is a program that computer runs to communicate with Web servers on the Internet, which enables it to download and display the Web pages that you request.
Model paper 2 a) What are SQL comments? How are they implemented?
b) Create a TABLE Employee with the following details - emp_name VARCHAR2(25) emp_code NUMBER(5) Department VARCHAR2(25)c) Write SQL commands: STUDENT ID NAME STREA
MFEE City TEACHER Sex
1 VIBHA AGGARWAL
BIO 2000 DELHI KPD F
2 VISHAL GOYAL ECO 2500 DELHI MMR M3 PRANAV
BANSALECO 1500 DELHI CPO M
4 MOHINI GUPTA CS 2000 NOIDA MMR F5 ROHINI GARG CS 3000 NOIDA KPD F6 RICHA
SINGHALMAT 2000 GHAZIABA
DCPO F
7 VIKAS GUPTA MAT 3500 GHAZIABAD
CPO M
8 MRIDUL BANSAL
CS 4000 NOIDA CPO M
i) To show all the records from CS stream.ii) To show the record of all students residing in Delhi.iii) To show all the records of Male students.iv) To show the records of students paying fee more than 3500v) To show the records of Male students from ECO stream
[2+1+5=8]
Marks:8
Answer: a) SQL comments refer to the text within the SQL statements that do not affect the
execution of SQL statement. A comment begins with /* and ends with */. It can also begin with two hyphen(--) sign
b)
CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE
(emp_name VARCHAR2(25),emp_code Number(5)Department VARCHAR2(25)); c) Queries:i) SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE STREAM=’CS’; ii) SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE City=’DELHI’; iii) SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE Sex=’M’; iv) SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE FEE>3500; v) SELECT * FROM STUDENT WHERE Sex=’M’ AND STREAM=’ECO’;
Hide Answer
Q6
a) What is Associative property? Make the truth table. b) Write the equivalent expression for the following logical circuit:
c) Convert the following three input function F denoted by the expression :
F(X,Y,Z) = (0,1,2,5) into its canonical Sum-of-Products form.d) Given the truth table belowA B C D Z0 0 0 0 00 0 0 1 00 0 1 0 00 0 1 1 00 1 0 0 00 1 0 1 10 1 1 0 10 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 01 0 0 1 11 0 1 0 01 0 1 1 01 1 0 0 01 1 0 1 11 1 1 0 11 1 1 1 1
Find a Boolean algebra expression using a Karnaugh map. [2+1+2+3=8]
Marks:8
Answer: According to Associative Property:Associative property of addition: X+(Y+Z)=(X+Y)+ZAssociative property of multiplication: X.(Y.Z)=(X.Y).Z
X Y Z Y+Z X+Y X+(Y+Z) (X+Y)+Z0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 1 0 1 10 1 0 1 1 1 10 1 1 1 1 1 11 0 0 0 1 1 11 0 1 1 1 1 11 1 0 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1
X Y Z Y.Z X.Y X.(Y.Z) (X.Y).Z0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 0 00 1 0 0 0 0 00 1 1 1 0 0 01 0 0 0 1 0 01 0 1 0 0 0 01 1 0 0 1 0 01 1 1 1 1 1 1
b)WX’+Y’Z c) If three inputs we take as X, Y and Z then F = m0 + m1 + m2 + m5
m0 = 000 = X'Y'Z'
m1 = 001 = X'Y'Z m2 = 010 = X'YZ' m5 = 101 = XY'Z Canonical S-O-P form of the expression is - X'Y'Z' + X'Y'Z + X'YZ' + XY'Zd)Canonical SOP
Z= AC’D + BD + BC ABCD A’B’ A’B AB AB’C’D’ 0 0 0 0C’D 0 1 1 1CD 0 1 1 1CD’ 0 1 0 0
=
Hide Answer
Q7
a) CDMA and GSM stands for?
b) New Era School has set up a new communication system network. It has 4 blocks as shown below :
Distance between different Blocks:
A-BLOCK TO B-BLOCK 60 M
B-BLOCK TO C–BLOCK 160 M
C-BLOCK TO D–BLOCK 30 M
A-BLOCK TO D–BLOCK 180 M
B-BLOCK TO D–BLOCK 130 M
A-BLOCK TO C–BLOCK 100 M
Number of computers in each block:
BLOCK-A 30
BLOCK-B 60
BLOCK-C 135
BLOCK-D 15
b1) Suggest a cable layout of connection between the blocks. b2) Suggest the most suitable place to house the server of the organization with reason. b3) Suggest the placement of the 1) Repeater 2) Switch b4) The school is planning to link its system to the school campus situated in a hilly area where cable connection is not possible. Suggest an economic way to connect it.
c) What is baud rate?
d) What is an e-mail address? Explain.
e) (i) What do you understand by uploading a file? Name the software used for it.
(ii) What is world wide web ?
[1+4+1+2+2=10]
Marks:10
Answer: a) i) CDMA-Code Division Multiple Access ii) Global System for Mobile Communication
b)
b1)
b2) Since Block-C contains maximum numbers of computers so the most suitable place to house the server would be C-Block. b3) 1) The cable distance between A and C blocks and that between B and C is quite large thus the repeaters
should be needed along their path to avoid the loss of signals.
2) A hub is needed in all the blocks.
b4) The most economic way is to use the Radio Waves Transmission.
c) Baud rate is used to measure the modulation rate i.e. the number of discrete signaling events per second.
d) E-mail stands for Electronic Mail. It is a network address provided by a portal offering e-mail services. This address is same as our postal address. E-mail address is used to send or receive the mails. The format of an e-mail address is “username@hostname”Example:
Here the username is amit and the host name is extramarks.com.
e) (i) To transfer a file from your computer to your home directory on the host system is called uploading a file. FTP software is used for it.
(ii) The WWW(world wide web) is a set of protocols that allow you to access any document on the internet througj a naming system based on the WWW.
Hide Answer
MODEL PAPER 3 a) What is UPDATE command? Explain.
b) Expand DDL and DML. c) Write SQL commands: DOCTORID NAME DEPT SEX SHIFT EXPERIENC
E1 VIBHA AGGARWAL GYN F MOR 122 VISHAL GOYAL ENT M MOR 103 PRANAV BANSAL ENT M EVE 094 MOHINI GUPTA ORT F EVE 095 ROHINI GARG ORT F EVE 126 ASTHA SINGHAL ENT F MOR 147 RICHA GUPTA GYN F EVE 108 MRIDUL BANSAL SKIN M MOR 05
i) To show all the records from GYN DEPT.ii) To show the record of all doctors visiting in morning shift.iii) To show all the records of male doctors.iv) To show the records of female gynaecologists.v) To show the records of doctors having more than 12 years of
experience.
[2+1+5 = 8]
Marks:8
Answer: a) UPDATE command is used to change a value in the table. It is used to update the
rows in a table. We can also use ‘where’ clause with UPDATE command.Syntax: UPDATE table_name SET column=value1 [WHERE column=value] Example: UPDATE EMPLOYEE SET BASIC= BASIC +1200
WHERE DEPT=’SALES’ b)
DDL- Data Definition Language.DML- Data Manipulation Language. c)Queries:i) SELECT * FROM DOCTOR WHERE DEPT=’GYN’; ii) SELECT * FROM DOCTOR WHERE SHIFT=’MOR’; iii) SELECT * FROM DOCTOR WHERE SEX=’M’; iv) SELECT * FROM DOCTOR WHERE DEPT=’GYN’ AND SEX=’F’; v) SELECT * FROM DOCTOR WHERE EXPERIENCE>12;
Hide Answer
Q5
a) State and algebraically verify Absorption Laws. b) Write the equivalent Boolean Expression for the following Logic Circuit.
c) Minimise AB + (AC)' + AB'C(AB + C)
d) Write the Product of Sum form of the function H(U,V,W), truth table representation of H is as follows:
U V W H
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 [2+2+3+1=8]
Marks:8
Answer: a) According to Absorption Law: (i) X+(X.Y)= X and (ii) X(X+Y)=X
Proof of X.(X+Y) = X
The truth table for X+(X.Y)= X as given below:
X Y (X+Y) X(X+Y)
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 1
1 1 1 1
Column X and X+(X.Y) are identical
X+X.Y = X
L.H.S = X+X.Y
= X.1+X.Y
= X.(1+Y)
= X.1
= X
= R.H.S
X+X’.Y = X+Y
L.H.S. = X+X’.Y
= (X+X’).(X+Y)
= 1.(X+Y)
= X+Y
= R.H.S
b) F(U,V)=U’.V+U.V’
c) AB + (AC)' + AB'C(AB + C) = AB + (AC)' + AB'CAB + AB'CC
= AB + (AC)' + AABB'C + AB'CC
= AB + (AC)' + 0 + AB'CC
= AB + (AC)' + AB'.C
= AB + A' + C' + AB'C
= A' + AB + C' + AB'C
= A' + B + C' + AB'C
=A’+B+ ( C’+ C) (C’+AC)
= A’+B+C’+AC
=A’+B+(C’+C)(C’+A)
=A’+B+C’+A
= B+C’
d) The POS of the function H(U,V,W)
H (U, V, W) = (U+V+W’). (U+ V’+ W’). (U’+V+W). (U’+V’+W)
Hide Answer
Q6
a) Expand WWW and TCP/IP
b) Extramarks.com is setting up the network between its different departments. There are 4 departments SOFTWARE, HARDWARE, DEVELOPMENT, VIRTUAL_TEACHING. Distance between different departments is as follows: 4 blocks
Distance between different Blocks:
HARDWARE TO SOFTWARE 60 M
SOFTWARE TO DEVELOPMENT 150 M
DEVELOPMENT TO VIRTUEL-TEACHING
40 M
HARDWARE TO VIRTUAL TEACHING 190 M
SOFTWARE TO VIRTUAL TEACHING 125 M
HARDWARE TO DEVELOPMENT 105 M
Number of computers in each block:
BLOCK-SOFTWARE 30
BLOCK-HARDWARE 60
BLOCK-DEVELOPMENT 135
BLOCK-VIRTUAL TEACHING 15
b1) Suggest a cable layout of connection between the blocks. b2) Suggest the most suitable place to house the server of the organization with reason.
b3) Suggest the placement of the 1) Repeater 2) Switch
b4) Extramarks is is planning to link its system to its University Campus situated in a hilly area where cable connection is not possible. Suggest an economic way to connect it.
c) What is a Hub?
d) What is firewall?
e) What is the purpose of MODEM?
f) How does a web browser work?
[1+4+1+1+1+2 = 10]
Marks:10
Answer: a) i) WWW-World Wide Web
ii) TCP/IP- Transfer Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol
b1)
b2) Since DEVELOPMENT CENTER contains maximum numbers of computers so the most suitable place to house the server would be DEVELOPMENT CENTER.
b3)
1) The repeaters should be needed between HARDWARE CENTER and DEVELOPMENT CENTER and between SOFTWARE CENTER and DEVELOPMENT CENTER to avoid the loss of signals.
2) A hub is needed in all the CENTERS.
b4) The most economic way is to use the Radio Waves Transmission.
c) A Hub is a physical device that connects multiple user stations. A hub establishes a network while maintaining the logical bus or ring configuration of the LAN.
d) A firewall is a computer system or group of system that is designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network Firewalls can be implemented in both hardware and software, or a combination of both.
e) MODEM stands for Modulation-Demodulation. It converts digital signals into analog signals and vice versa.
f) A web browser works by using a protocol called HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to request a specially encoded text document from a web server. This text document contains special markup written in HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), which is interpreted by the web browser.
The web browser then renders the documents content in an appropriate manner for user’s convenience.
Hide Answer
MODEL PAPER 4 a) Explain WHERE clause.
b) Write SQL commands: EMPLOYEEID NAME DEPT SEX SHIFT EXPERIENC
ESALARY
1 RICHA AGGARWAL
SALES F MOR 12 150000
2 DEEPAK GOYAL IT M MOR 10 1400003 AJAY BANSAL IT M EVE 09 1200004 RENU GUPTA MRKT
GF EVE 09 125000
5 SHRISTI GARG MRKTG
F EVE 12 154000
6 ASTHA SINGHAL
PROD F MOR 14 160000
7 RACHNA GUPTA IT F EVE 10 1500008 MRIDUL
BANSALSALES M MOR 05 100000
9 PRATEEK GOYAL
SALES M MOR 10 123000
i) To show all the records from SALES DEPT.ii) To show the record of all employees coming in morning shift.iii) To show All the records of Female Employees.iv) To show the records of female employees getting salary more than 150000.v) To show the records of employees having more than 12 years of experience.vi) To find the number of employees getting salary more than 130000
[2+6=8]Marks:8
Answer: a) The WHERE clause is an optional clause. It is followed by the FROM clause. WHERE
clause filters rows and specifies the query. WHERE clause helps to make a query only for the selected rows.
Example: SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEEWHERE DEPT=’SALES’
In the example the result will display all the records from employee table where Department is sales.
b) Queries:i) SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE
WHERE DEPT=’SALES’; ii) SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE
WHERE SHIFT=’MOR’; iii) SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEES
WHERE SEX=’F’; iv) SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE
WHERE SALARY>150000 AND SEX=’F’; v) SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE
WHERE EXPERIENCE>12; vi) SELECT COUNT (*) FROM EMPLOYEE
WHERE SALARY>130000;
Hide Answer
Q6
a) What is a truth table? Make a truth table for (A’+B)’.
b) Write the equivalent boolean expression for the following Logic Circuit :
c) Reduce the expression (XY)' + X' + XY
d) Write the POS form of a Boolean Function F, which is represented by the following truth table:
X Y Z F
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 0
[2+2+2+2=8]
Marks:8
Answer: a) A Truth Table is a table that represents the logical operation of the logical variable. Since a variable can
have the value either 0 or 1, the truth table is used to contain all possible inputs.
The Truth Table for (A’+B)’
A B A’ (A’+B) (A’+B)’
0 0 1 1 0
0 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 0
b) (X+Y'). (X'+Y'). (X'+Y')
c) (XY)' + X' + XY
= (X' + Y') + X' + XY
= X' + X' + Y' + XY
= X' + XY + Y'
= (X' + (X')'Y) + Y' = (X' + XY) + Y'
= X' + Y + Y'
= X' + 1
= 1
d)
POS of function F(X,Y,Z) = (X+Y’+Z).(X’+Y+Z).(X’+Y’+Z).(X’+Y’+Z’)
Hide Answer
Q7
a) Expand HTTP and TCP/IP
b) University of Extramarks is setting up the network among its different wings. There are 4 wings:
Wing A : JOURNALISM
Wing B : DRAMATICS
Wing C : MULTIMEDIA
Wing D : SCIENCE
Distance between various wings:
A to B 50 M
B to C 130 M
C to D 65 M
A to D 180 M
B to D 155 M
A to C 80 M
Number of computers in each block:
WING A 30
WING B 60
WING C 135
WING D 15
b1) Suggest a cable layout of connection between the WINGS. b2) Suggest the most suitable place to house the server of the organization with reason.
b3) Suggest the placement of the 1) Repeater 2) Hub/Switch
b4) Extramarks is planning to link its wings (in Mumbai) to the Development Center located in DELHI. Suggest an economic way to connect it.
c) Give the full form of CDMA.
e) Name the device used to convert digital signals into analog signals and vice versa.
f) What is the difference between web browser and web server ?
[1+4+1+1+1+2 =10]
Marks:8
Answer: a) i) HTTP-Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
ii) TCP/IP- Transfer Control Protocol/ Internet Protocolb1)
b2) Since MULTIMEDIA i.e Wing C has the maximum numbers of computers so the most suitable place to house the server would be MULTIMEDIA Wing.
b3)1) The repeaters should be needed between Wing A & Wing C and between Wing B & Wing C to avoid the loss of signals.
2) A hub is needed in all the Wings.
b4) The most economic way is to use the Radio Waves Transmission.
c) CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access.
d) A computer virus as the name suggests is not a virus but a small program that implants itself into other programs. It is termed as virus as it spread in a manner similar to a biological virus.
e) MODEM is used to convert digital signals into analog signals and vice versa.
f) Web browser: A software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. Example: Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome
Web server: A program on a server computer, somewhere out on the internet, that delivers web pages to web browser.
MODEL PAPER 5a) (i) Differentiate between Candidate Key and Alternate Key in context of RDBMS.
(ii) Discuss INSERT statement.
b) Create a TABLE Worker with following details
worker_name VARCHAR2(25) worker_code NUMBER(5) wages_rate NUMBER(2) c) Write SQL commands: TEACHER
ID NAME SUBJECT SALARY DESIG DEPt Sex1 REKHA
AGGARWALBIO 22500 PGT SCIENCE F
2 RACHIT GOYAL ECO 25500 PGT COMMERCE M3 ARUN BANSAL ECO 15800 TGT COMMERCE M4 MEETA GUPTA PHYSICS 20000 PGT SCIENCE F5 ROHINI GARG CHEMISTRY 25000 PGT SCIENCE F6 ARSHI SINGHAL MATH 22500 PGT SCIENCE F7 AKASH GUPTA MATH 17500 TGT COMMERCE M8 MRIDUL
BANSALBUSINESS 24000 PGT COMMERCE M
i) To show the records of Math teachers.ii) To show the records of all teachers from SCIENCE department.iii) To show the records of Male teachers getting salary more than 22000.iv) To show the details of all the teacher whose designation is PGT. [2+2+4 = 8]
Marks:8
Answer:
a) (i) Any attribute that uniquely identify a row in a table is candidate key for the table. We select one of the candidate key as Primary key. All candidate keys which are not chosen as primary key are Alternate keys.
(ii) The INSERT Statement is used to add one or more rows to a table. It has two formats
to add the rows to the table: 1) Rows can be inserted specifying the values.
2) Rows can also be inserted using the query specification.Format:1) INSERT INTO table-1 [(column-list)] VALUES (value-list) 2) INSERT
INTO table-1 [(column-list)] (query-specification) b)
CREATE TABLE WORKER(worker_name VARCHAR2(25),worker_code Number(5)wages_rate NUMBER(2)); c) Queries:i) SELECT * FROM TEACHER WHERE SUBJECT=’MATH’; ii) SELECT * FROM TEACHER WHERE DEPT=’SCIENCE’; iii) SELECT * FROM TEACHER WHERE SEX=’M’ AND SALARY>22000; iv) SELECT * FROM TEACHER WHERE DESIG=’PGT’;
Hide Answer
Q4
a) What is Associative property? Make the truth table.
b)Write the dual of the (x+y).(y+z’)
c) Define Minterm and Maxterm
d) Prove that X.(X + Y) = X by algebraic method.
e) (i) Express P + Q'R in POS form. (ii) Make a truth table for: X+X’.Y’
[2+1+2+1+2=8]Marks:8
Answer: a)
According to Associative Property:
Associative property of addition: X+(Y+Z)=(X+Y)+Z
Associative property of multiplication: X.(Y.Z)=(X.Y).ZX Y Z Y+Z X+Y X+(Y+Z) (X+Y)+Z
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 0 1 1
0 1 0 1 1 1 1
0 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 1 1 1
1 0 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
X Y Z Y.Z X.Y X.(Y.Z) (X.Y).Z
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
b) (x' . y') + ( y' . z)
c) Minterm is the product (using AND operator) of n variables in a series x1,x2,x3,x4----xn Whereas Maxterm is the sum (using OR operator) of n variables in a series x1,x2,x3,x4----xn
d) L.H.S. = X.(X + Y) = X.X + X.Y
= X + X.Y
= X.(1 + Y)
= X.1 = X = R.H.S
e) (i) P + Q'R
= (P + Q') . (P + R)
(ii) Truth Table for X+X’.Y’
X Y X’ Y’ X’.Y’ X+X’.Y’
0 0 1 1 1 1
0 1 1 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 0 0 1
Hide Answer
Q5
a) What are cookies and discuss its uses.
b) What is the difference between XML and HTML ? Write two differences.
c) New Era School has set up a new communication system network. It has 4 blocks as shown:
A-BLCOK TO B -BLOCK
60 M
B-BLCOK TO C –BLOCK
160 M
C-BLCOK TO D –BLOCK
30 M
A-BLCOK TO D –BLOCK
180 M
B-BLCOK TO D –BLOCK
130 M
A-BLCOK TO C –BLOCK
100 M
Number of computers in each block:
BLOCK-A 30
BLOCK-B 60
BLOCK-C 135
BLOCK-D 15
c1) Suggest a cable layout of connection between the blocks.c2) Suggest the most suitable place to house the server of the organization with reason.c3) Suggest the placement of the 1) Repeater 2) Switchc4) The school is planning to link its system to the school campus situated in a hilly area where cable connection is not possible. Suggest an economic way to connect it.
d) Expand the following terms with respect to Networking -
(i) PPP
(ii) GSM
(iii) SMTP
(iv) GPRs
e) What do you understand by virus?
[1+2+4+2+1=10]
Marks:10
Answer: a) Cookies are messages that a web server transmits to a web browser so that the web
server can keep track of the user's activity on a specific web site.
The main purpose of cookies is to identify users and possibly prepare customized web pages for them.
b) HTML ( Hypertext Markup Language) -
(i) Tag semantics and tag set are fixed.
(ii) It is a language used to design the layout of a document and to specify the hyperlinks.
XML ( eXtensible Markup Language ) -
(i) Doesn't specify either semantics or tag set.
(ii) It is a language for documents containing structured information and all sementics are defined by the applications that process them.
c1)
c2) Since Block-C contains maximum numbers of computers so the most suitable place to house the server would be C-Block.
c3)
1) The cable distance between A and C blocks and that between B and C is quite large thus the repeaters should be needed along their path to avoid the loss of signals.
2) A hub is needed in all the blocks.
c 4) The most economic way is to use the Radio Waves Transmission.
d) (i) PPP - Point-to-Point Protocol
(ii) GSM - Global System for Mobile Communication
(iii) SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
(iv) GPRs - General Packet Radio Service
e) A computer virus is a computer program that can copy itself and infect a computer.A true virus can spread from one computer to another (in some form of executable code) when its host is taken to the target computer; for instance because a user sent it over a network or the Internet, or carried it on a removable medium such as a floppy disk, CD, DVD, or USB drive.
Hide Answer
Q PAPER 2015(a) Observe the following table carefully and write the names of the most appropriate columns, which can be considered as (i) candidate keys and (ii) primary key:
(b) Consider the following DEPT and EMPLOYEE tables. Write SQL queries for (i) to (iv) and find outputs for SQL queries (v) to (viii).
Note: DOJ refers to date of joining and DOB refers to date of Birth of employees.
To display Eno, Name, Gender from the table EMPLOYEE in ascending order of Eno.
To display the Name of all the MALE employees from the table EMPLOYEE.
To display the Eno and Name of those employees from the table EMPLOYEE who are born between ‘1987-07-01’ and ‘1991-12-01’.
To count and display FEMALE employees who have joined after ‘1986-01-01’.
SELECT COUNT(*), DCODE FROM EMPLOYEE GROUP BY DCODE HAVING COUNT(*)>1;
SELECT DISTINCT DEPARTMENT FROM DEPT; SELECT NAME, DEPARTMENT FROM EMPLOYEE E, DEPT D WHERE
E.DCODE=D.DCODE AND ENO<1003; SELECT MAX(DOJ), MIN(DOB) FROM EMPLOYEE; Answer
(a) (i) Candidate- Item(ii) Primary Key- Code
(b)(i) SELECT ENO, NAME, GENDER FROM EMPLOYEE ORDER BY ENO ASC;(ii)SELECT NAME FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE GENDER=’MALE’;
(iii) SELECT ENO, NAME FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE DOB BETWEEN ‘1987-01-01’ AND ‘1991-12-01’;
(iv) SELECT COUNT(*) FROM EMPLOYEEWHERE GENDER =’FEMALE’ AND DOJ > ’1986-01-01’;
(v)COUNT(*
)DCOD
E
2 D01
2 D05
(vi)DEPARTMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
MARKETING
MEDIA
FINANCE
HUMAN RESOURCE
(vii)NAME DEPARTMENT
George K INFRASTRUCTURE
Ryma Sen MEDIA
(viii)
MAX(DOJ) MIN(DOB)
2014-06-09
1985-10-19
6 (a) Verify the following using Boolean Laws:
U’ + V = U’V’ + U’.V + U.V(b) Draw the Logic Circuit for the following Boolean Expression:(X’ + Y).Z + W’(c) Derive a Canonical POS expression for a Boolean function F, represented by the following truth table:
(d) Reduce the following Boolean Expression to its simplest form using K-Map:F(X,Y, Z, W)= ∑(0,1,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,15)
[2+2+1+3=8]Answer
(a)U’ + V = U’V’ + U’.V + U.VR.H.S.= U’V’ + U’.V + U.V= U’(V’+V) + U.V [V’+V=1]= U’ + U.V= (U’+U)(U’+V) [U’+U=1]= (U’+V) Verified(b)(c) Truth table:
Canonical POS= (P+Q+R’).(P+Q’+R).(P’+Q+R’).(P’+Q’+R)(d)
Quard1: X’YQuard2: Y’Z’Pair1: XZWF= X’Y+Y’Z’+XZW
7 (a) Illustrate the layout for connecting 5 computers in a Bus and
a Star topology of Networks.
(b) What kind of data gets stored in cookies and how is it useful?(c) Differentiate between packet switching over message switching.(d) Out of the following, which is the fastest (i) wired and (ii) wireless medium of communication?Infrared, Coaxial Cable, Ethernet Cable, Microwave, Optical Fiber.(e) What is Trojan Horse?(f) Out of the following, which all comes under cyber crime?(i) Stealing away a brand new hard disk from a showroom.(ii) Getting in someone’s social networking account without his consent and posting on his behalf.(iii) Secretly copying data from server of an organization and selling it to the other organization.(iv) Looking at online activities of a friends blog.(g) Xcelencia Edu Services Ltd. Is an educational organization. It is planning to set up its India campus at Hyderabad with its head office at Delhi. The Hyderabad campus has 4 main buildings- ADMIN, SCIENCE, BUSINESS and ARTS. You as a network expert have to suggest at the nest network related solutions for their problem raised in (i) to (iv), keeping in mind the distances between the buildings and other given parameters.Shortest distance between various buildings:ADMIN to SCIENCE 65 m
ADMIN to BUSINESS 100 m
ADMIN to ARTS 60 m
SCIENCE to BUSINESS 75 m
SCIENCE to ARTS 60 m
BUSINESS to ARTS 50 m
DELHI Head Office to HYDERABAD Campus
1600 Km
Number of computers installed at various buildings are as follows:
ADMIN 100
SCIENCE 85
BUSINESS 40
ARTS 12
DELHI Head Office
20
(i) Suggest the most appropriate location of the server inside the HYDERABAD campus (out of the 4 buildings), to get the best connectivity for maximum number of computers. Justify your answer.
(ii) Suggest and draw the cable layout to efficiently connect various building within the HYDERABAD campus for connecting the computers.
(iii) Which hardware device will you suggest to be procured by the company to be installed to protect and control the internet uses within the campus?
(iv) Which of the following will you suggest to establish the online face-to-face communication between the people in
the Admin Office of HYDRABAD campus and DELHI Head Office?(i) E-mail(ii) Text Chat(iii) Video Conferencing(iv) Cable TV
[1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1=10]Answer
(a) Bus topology-In bus topology devices are connected to a single cable called "backbone". If the backbone is broken, the entire segment fails.
Star Topology: The star topology consists of a central connection point - like a hub or switch. In star topology if a cable fails, only one node will be brought down rest will work.In star topology the failure of the center node or server results in the entire network failure.
(b)Cookies store the list of files/information viewed on the Web browser. The cookies file is generated by the site browse by the user and it is accessed and processed by the computer's browser software. The cookies file is stored in browser's folder or subfolder.
(c)The difference between packet switching over message switching is-
i. With message switching, there is no limit on block size, in contrast, packet switching places a tight upper limit on block size. A fixed size of packet which can be transmitted across the network is specified.
ii. The data packets are stored on the disk in message switching whereas in packet switching, all the packets of fixed size are stored in main memory.
(d)(i) Optical fiber(ii) Infrared (e)Trojan Horse is a virus program code that is hidden in a program such as a game or spreadsheet that looks safe to run but has hidden side effects.
(f)Options (ii) and (iii) comes under cybercrime.
(g)(i) Admin building will be the most appropriate location for the server because it has the maximum number of computers.(ii)Star topology or Ring topology will be best suitable layout.
(iii) Firewall device can be procured by the company to be installed to protect and control the internet uses within the campus.
(iv) Video Conferencing Q PAPER 2014(a) Explain the concept of Union between two tables, with the help of appropriate example.
Note:
Answer the questions (b) and (c) on the basis of the following tables STORE and ITEM
Table: STORE
SNo SName Area
S01 ABC Computronics GK II
S01 ALL Infotech Media CP
S02 Tech Shoppe Nehru Place
S04 Geeks Tecno Soft Nehru Place
S05 Hitech Tech Store CP
Table: ITEM
INo IName Price SNo
T01 Mother Board 12000 S01
T02 Hard Disk 5000 S01
T03 Keyboard 500 S02
T04 Mouse 300 S01
T05 Mother Board 400 S03
T06 Key Board 400 S03
T07 LCD 6000 S04
T08 LCD 5500 S05
T09 Mouse 350 S05
T10 Hard Disk 4500 S03
(b) Write the SQL queries(1 to 4)
1) To display IName and Price of all the Items in ascending order of their price.
2) To display SNo and SName of all Stores located in CP.
3) To display Minimum and Maximum Price of each IName from the table Item.
4) To display IName, Price of all items and their respective SName where they are available.
(c) Write the output of the following SQL commands (1 to 4):
1) SELECT DISTINCT INAME FROM ITEM WHERE PRICE>=5000;2) SELECT AREA, COUNT(*) FROM STORE GROUP BY AREA;3) SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT AREA) FROM STORE;4) SELECT INAME, PRICE*0.05 DISCOUNT FROM ITEM WHERE SNO IN (‘S02’,’S03’);
[2+1+1+1+1+2=8]
Marks:8
Answer:
(a) The UNION query of SQL combines row results from one table with rows of another table (vertically). Both the tables should contain same number of fields and same types of fields.
Example-
SELECT * FROM Emp2; UNION SELECT * FROM Emp2;
(b)
(i) Select IName, Price
From Item
Order By Price Asc;
(ii) Select SNo, SName
From Store
Where Area=”CP”;
(iii) Select IName, Max(Price), Min(Price)
From Item;
(iv) Select IName, Price
From Store, Item
Where Store.SNo=Item.INo;
(c)
(i)
INameHard DiskLCDMother Board
(ii)
Area CountCP 2GK II 1Nehru Place 2
(iii)
Count3
(iv)
IName PriceKeyboard 25Motherbaord 650Key Board 20Hard Disk 225
Hide Answer
Q6
(a)
Na Name the law shown below and verify it using a truth table.
A+B.C = (A+B).(A+C)
(b) Obtain the Boolean Expression for the logic circuit shown below:
(c) Write the Sum of Product form of the function F(P,Q,R) for the following truth table representation of F:
P Q R F
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1
(d) Obtain the minimal form for the following Boolean expression using Karnaugh’s Map.
F(A,B,C,D)= ∑ (1, 4, 5, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15)
[2+2+1+3=8]
Marks:8
Answer:
(a) According to the Distributive Law :
1. First LawA(B+C)= (A.B+A.C)
2. Second LawA+B.C= (A+B).(A+C)
Therefore the equation A+B.C = (A+B).(A+C) indicates second distributive law.
Hence verified.
(b)
Boolean expression for the given logic circuit will be:
(X’+Y)+(Z’+W)
(c) The Sum of Product form will be:
P’Q’R’ + P’QR+PQR’+PQR
(d) Karnaugh’s Map for the equation given below-
F(A,B,C,D)= ∑ (1, 4, 5, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15)
Hide Answer
Q7
(a) Write one characteristics each of 2G and 3G Mobile Technologies.
(b) What is the difference between Video Conferencing and Chat?
(c) Expand the following:
GPRS
CDMA
(d) Which type of network ( out of LAN, PAN and MAN ) is formed, when you connect two mobiles using Bluetooth to transfer a picture file.
(e) Trine Tech Corporation ( TTC ) is professional consultancy company. The company is planning to set up their new offices in India with its hub at Hyderabad. As network adviser, you have to understand their requirement and suggest them the best available solutions. Their queries are mentioned as (i) to (iv) below.
Physical Location of the blocks of TTC:
Block to Block distances( in Mtrs.)
Block(From) Block(To) DistanceHuman Resource Conference 110Human Resource Finance 40Conference Finance 80
Expected Number of Computers to be installed in each block
Block ComputersHuman Resource 25Finance 120Conference 90
(i) What will the most appropriate block, where TTC should plan to install their server?
(ii) Draw a block to cable layout to connect all the buildings in the most appropriate manner for efficient communication.
(iii) What will be the best possible connectivity out of the following, you will suggest to connect the new setup of offices in Bangalore with its London based office.
Satellite Link
Infrared
Ethernet Cable
(iv) Which of the following device will be suggested by you to connect each computer in each of the buildings?
Switch
Modem
Gateway
(f) Write names of any two popular Open Source Software, which are used as operating system.
(g) Write any two important characteristics of Cloud Computing.
[1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1=10]
Marks:10
Answer:
(a) Characteristic of 2G Mobile Technologies-
• 2G Mobile technology allows the dial–up data calls digitally, so that the network’s switching station receives actual ones and zeroes rather than the screech of an analog modem.Characteristic of 3G Mobile Technology-
• 3G mobile communication technology is a broadband, packet-based transmission of media files at data rates up to 2Mbps, offering a consistent set of services to mobile computer and phone users no matter where they are located in the world.
(b) The video conferencing is a two-way videophone conversation (where participants are visible to each other) among multiple participants at a time where as, chatting is an online textual talk in real time.
(c)
• GPRS- General Packet Radio Service CDMA- Code Division Multiple Access
(d) PAN (Private Area Network) will be formed, when we connect two mobiles using Bluetooth.
(e)
(i) Finance is the most appropriate block, where TTC should plan to install their server
(ii)
(iii) Ethernet cable(iv) Switch
(f) The two popular Open Source Softwares used as operating system are-
• Linux• OpenSolaris
(g) Two important characteristics of cloud computing-
• In cloud computing price of deploying applications in the cloud results in lower hardware costs.
• Cloud computing allows a business to use, access and pay only for what they use, with a fast implementation time.
Hide Answer
Q PAPER 2013(a) Verify the following using Boolean Laws:
X+Z = X+X’.Z + Y.Z
(b) Obtain the Boolean Expression for the logic circuit shown below:
(c) Write the sum of the product form of the function F(A,B,C) for the following truth
table representation of F.
A B C F
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1
(d) Obtain the minimal form for the following Boolean expression using Karnaugh’s
map.
F(U,V,W,Z) = ∑(0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 15)
[2+2+1+3 = 8]
Marks:8
Answer:
(a). X + Z = X + X’. Z + Y . Z
= (X + X’) (X + Z) + Y . Z
= X + Z + Y . Z
= X + Z(1+Y)
= X + Z [Hence verified]
(b) F = (P’.Q) + (Q+R’)
(c) F = A’.B.C’ + A’.B.C + A.B’.C’ + ABC
(d) F(U,V,W,Z)= ∑(0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 15)
Quard 1: U’V’
Quard 2: U’W
Quard 3: V’W’
Pair 1: V’WZ’
Pair 2: UVZ
F(U,V,W,Z) = U’V’ + U’W + V’W’ + V’WZ’ +UVZ
Hide Answer
Q7
(a) Write the two advantages of using an optical fibre cable over an Ethernet cable
to connect the two service stations, which are 200 m away from each other.
(b) What is the difference between HTTP and FTP?
(c) Rovenza Communications International (RCI) is an online corporate training
provider company for IT related courses. The company is setting up their new
campus in Kolkata. You, as a network expert, have to study the physical locations of
the various blocks and the number of computers to be installed. In the planning
phase, provide the best possible answer for the queries (i) to (iv) raised by them.
Block to Block distance( in Mtrs.)
From To Distance
Administrative Block Finance Block 60Administrative Block Faculty Recording Block 120Finance Block Faculty Recording Block 70
Expected Computers to be installed in each block
Block ComputersAdministrative Block 30
Finance Block 20Faculty Recording Block
100
(i) Suggest the most appropriate block, where RCI should plan to install the server.
(ii) Suggest the most appropriate block to block cable layout to connect all the three
blocks for efficient communication.
(iii) Which type of network, out of the following, is formed by connecting the
computers of these three blocks?
. LAN
. MAN
. WAN
(iv) Which wireless channel, out of the following, should be opted by RCI to connect
to students from all over the world?
. Infrared
. Microwave
. Satellite
(d) Write the two advantages of using open source software over proprietary software.
(e) Which of the following crime(s) does not come under cybercrime?
(i) Copying some important data from a computer without taking permission from
the owner of the data.
(ii) Stealing keyboard and mouse from a shop.
(iii) Getting into unknown person’s social networking account and start messaging
on his behalf. [1+1+4+1+1 = 8]
Marks:8
Answer:
(a). The advantages of using the fibre optic cables over the Ethernet
cables are as follows:
1. The fibre optic cables have the faster data transmission rates
over the Ethernet cables whereas an Ethernet uses either a bus or
star topology and supports the data transfer rates of up to 10 Mbps.
2. The fibre optic cables are immune to the electrical and magnetic
interference because the information travelling through them
travels on a modulated light beam.
(b) The differences between HTTP and FTP are:
HTTP FTP
It is an abbreviated form of
Hypertext Transfer Protocol. It is a
It is an abbreviated form of File
Transfer Protocol. It is a protocol
protocol that is used to upload files
from a workstation to an FTP
server.
that is used to transfer the files
from a Web server onto a
browser to view a Web page.
It supports hypertext or
hypermedia files such as
multimedia documents that contain
links to images, sounds or other
multimedia documents on the
World Wide Web.
It supports text and binary files
that are organised in a
hierarchical structure, much like
a family tree.
(c)
(i) Faculty recording building
(ii) Finance building
(iii) MAN
(iv) Satellite
(d) The advantages of proprietary software over open source
software are as follows:
Open source Proprietary software
They are the software
distributed under a licensing
agreement, which allow the
They are the software distributed
under a licensing agreement to the
authorised users with the private
source code to be shared,
viewed and modified by the
other users and organisations.
modification, copying and
republishing restrictions.
They are available free of cost. The user has to pay the amount
defined to get such software.
(e) (i) Stealing keyboard and mouse from a shop. Hide Answer
Q PAPER 12a) Give a suitable example of a table with sample data and illustrate Primary and Alternate Keys in it.
Consider the following tables CARDEN and CUSTOMER and answer (b) and (c) parts of this question:
Table: CARDENCcode CarName Make Color Capacity Charges501 A-star Suzuki RED 3 14503 Indigo Tata SILVER 3 12502 Innova Toyota WHITE 7 15509 SX4 Suzuki SILVER 4 14510 C Class Mercedes RED 4 35
Table: CUSTOMER
CCode Cname Ccode1001 Hemant Sahu 501
1002 Raj Lal 5091003 Feroza Shah 5031004 Ketan Dhal 502
b) Write SQL commands for the following:(i) To display the names of all the silver colored Cars.(ii)To display the name of the car, make and capacity of cars in descending order of their sitting capacity.(iii)To display the highest charges at which vehicle can be hired from CARDEN.(iv) To display the customer name and the corresponding name of the cars hired by them.
c) Give the output of the following SQL queries:(i) SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT Make) FROM CARDEN;(ii) SELECT MAX(Charges),MIN(Charges) FROM CARDEN;(iii) SELECT COUNT(*), Make FROM CARDEN;(iv) SELECT CarName FROM CARDEN WHERE Capacity =4; [2+4+2 =8]
Marks:8
Answer:
(a).Primary Key – A primary key is a candidate key that is most appropriate to be the main reference key for the table. Primary keys are mandatory for every table.
Alternate Key – We can define more than one primary key in a table. All these keys are collectively known as candidate keys. Out of which one who is selected as the primary key but those who are not selected are known as secondary keys or alternative keys.
For example, in the above table showing the studentId would be the most appropriate for a primary key leaving the other candidate key as secondary or alternative key.
(b). (i)SELECT CarName FROM CARDEN WHERE Color = “SILVER”;
(ii) SELECT CarName, Make, Capacity FROM CARDEN ORDER BY Capacity desc;
(iii) SELECT MAX(Charges) AS “Highest Charges” FROM CARDEN
(iv) SELECT CName, CarName FROM CUSTOMER, CARDEN WHERE CUSTOMER.CCode = CARDEN.Ccode
(c)
Hide Answer
Q6
a) Verify the following using truth table:(i) X.X’=0(ii) X+1=1
b) Write the equivalent Boolean expression for the following Logic Circuit:
c) Write the SOP form of a Boolean function F, which is represented in a truth table as follows:
X Y Z F0 0 0 10 0 1 00 1 0 10 1 1 01 0 0 11 0 1 01 1 0 01 1 1 1
d) Reduce the following Boolean Expression using K-Map:
F(A,B,C,D)=∑(2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11) [2+2+1+3 =8]
Marks:8
Answer: (a). (i) Truth table for X.X’=0
The AND operator results in 1 only when all the inputs will be 1. X
X’
X.X’
0
1
0
1
0
0
Hence X.X’=0 is proved.
(ii) Truth table for X+1=1 The OR operator results in 0 only when all the inputs will be 0.
X
1
X+1
0
1
1
1
1
1
Hence X+1= 1 is proved.
(b). Boolean Expression for given logic circuit is:
F = UV’ + U’W’
(c). SOP form of the Boolean function F is :
F = X’Y’Y’ + X’YZ’ + XY’Z’ + XYZ
d) F(A,B,C,D) = ∑(2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11)
As shown above, here we have 3 Quad and 1 pair.
Reducing Quad1 = A’C
Reducing Quad2 = A’B
Reducing Quad3 = B’C
Reducing Pair 1 = AB’D’
Hence final reduced Boolean expression is:
F = A’C + A’B + B’C + AB’D’
Hide Answer
Q7
a) What out of the following, will you use to have an audio-visual chat with an expert sitting in a far-away place to fix-up a technical issue?(i) VoIP(ii)email(iii)FTPb) Name one server side scripting language and one client-side scripting language. c) Which out of the following comes under Cyber Crime?(i) Operating someone’s Internet banking account, without his knowledge.(ii) Stealing a keyboard from someone’s computer.(iii)Working on someone’s computer with his/her permission.d) Write one advantage of Bus topology of network. Also, illustrate how 4 computers can be connected with each other
using star topology of network.
e) Workalot Consultants are setting up a secured network for their office campus at Gurgoan for their day-to-day office and web-based activities. They are planning to have connectivity between 3 buildings and the head office situated in Mumbai. Answer the questions(i) to (iv) after going through the building positions in the campus and other details, which are given below:
Distances between various buildings
Building “GREEN” to Building “RED” 110mBuilding “GREEN” to Building “BLUE” 45mBuilding “BLUE” to Building “RED” 65mBuilding Campus to Head Office 1760km
Number of Computers
Building “GREEN” 32Building “RED” 150Building “BLUE” 45Head Office 10
(i) Suggest the most suitable place (i.e. building) to house the server of this organization. Also give a reason to justify your suggested location.
(ii) Suggest a cable layout of connections between the buildings inside the campus.
(iii) Suggest the placement of the following devices with justification: 1. Switch2. Repeater(iv)The organization is planning to provide a high speed link with its head office situated in MUMBAI using a wired connection. Which of the following cables will be most suitable for this job?1) Optical Fiber2) Co-axial cable3)Ethernet cable
f) Give one suitable example of each URL and Domain Name.
g) Name two Proprietary softwares along with their applications. [1+1+1+1+4+1+1 = 10]
Marks:10
Answer:
(a). (ii) VoIP
Voice over IP (VoIP) commonly refers to the communication protocols which consist of the transmission techniques involved in the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet.
(b). One client side scripting is Java Script.
One server side script is JSP (Java Server Page).
(c). (i) Operating someone’s Internet banking account, without his knowledge.
(d). The advantage of Star Topology of network:
In bus topology all the nodes are connected in a linear fashion with a single continuous cable.
The main advantage of a Bus Topology is that, the Bus Topology is easy to set-up and easy to extend the nodes in a network.
The four computers can be connected with each other using Star Topology of network. In which one computer would be the central node which will work as a server. The other three computers would be connected to the central node called server. The communication between each node will take place through the server.
(e)
(e1) Building “RED” is the most suitable place for the server as it contains maximum numbers of computers.
(e2) We can use any of the following topology to design the layout:
Bus Topology: In bus topology all the nodes are connected in a linear fashion with a single continuous cable.
Star Topology: In star topology all the nodes are connected to a central hub/switch to form a network.
(e3) Switch- Every Building will need 1 switch, to send signals to all the workstations connected to it.
Repeater - A repeater should be placed when the distance between any two connecting computers exceeds 70m.
(e4)(i) Optical Fiber can be used for a high speed link.
(f) URL- www.yahoo.com, www.google .com etc Domain Names - .com, .gov, .edu etc
(g) Proprietary softwares are softwares that are exclusive property of their developers or publishers, and they cannot be copied or distributed without complying with their licensing agreements.
The Two Proprietary software’s are:
(i) Microsoft Windows – Microsoft Windows is a series of software operating systems and graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft.(ii) Adobe Flash Player - The Adobe Flash Player is software for viewing animations and movies using computer programs such as a web browser.
Hide Answer
Q PAPER 11a) What do you understand by Selection & Projection operations in relational algebra? Consider the following tables EMPLOYEE and SALGRADE and answer (b) and (c) parts of this questions:
Table : EMPLOYEE
ECODE NAME DESIG SGRADE DOJ DOB101 Abdul
AhmadEXECUTIVE S03 23-Mar-
200313-Jan-1980
102 Ravi Chander
HEAD-IT S02 12-Feb-2010
22-Jul-1987
103 John Ken RECEPTIONIST S03 24-Jun—2009
24-Feb-1983
105 Nazar Ameen
GM S02 11-Aug-2006
03-Mar-1984
108 Priyam Sen CEO S01 29-Dec-2004
19-Jan-1982
Table : SALGRADE
SGRADE SALARY HRAS01 56000 18000S02 32000 12000S03 24000 8000
b) Write SQL commands for the following statements:
(i) To display the details of all EMPOYEEs in descending order of DOJ.(ii) To display NAME and DESIG of those EMPLOYEEs, whose SALGRADE is either S02 or S03.(iii) To display the content of all the EMPLOYEEs table, whose DOJ is in between ’09-Feb-2006’ and ’08-Aug-2009’.(iv) To add a new row with the following :109, ‘Harish Roy’, ‘HEAD-IT’, ‘S02’, ’09-Sep-2007’, ’21-Apr-1983’
c) Give the output of the following SQL queries:
(i) SELECT COUNT(SGRADE), SGRADE FROM EMPLOYEE GROUP By SGRADE;
(ii) SELECT MIN(DOB), MAX(DOJ) FROM EMPLOYEE; (iii) SELECT NAME, SALARY FROM EMPLOYEE E, SALGRADE S
WHERE E.SGRADE = S.SGRADE AND E.ECODE < 103;
(iv)SELECT SGRADE, SALARY + HRA FROM SALGRADE WHERE SGRADE = ‘S02’;
[ 2+4+2 = 8]
Marks:8
Answer:
(a) The select operation selects tuples(horizontal subset) from a relation that specify a given condition. It is denoted by a lowercase Greek letter ( ) known as “sigma”.
The project operation yields a “vertical” subset of a given relation in contrast to the “horizontal” subset returned by select operation. It is denoted by Greek letter ( ) known as “pi”.
(b) (i)Select * From EMPLOYEE Order By DOJ Desc; (ii)Select NAME, DESIG From EMPLOYEE Where (SGRADE =
‘S02’ OR SGRADE = ‘S03’); (iii)Select * From EMPLOYEE Where DOJ Between ’09-Feb-
2006’ AND ’08-Aug-2009’;(iv)Insert Into EMPLOYEE
(ECODE,NAME,DESIG,SGRADE,DOJ,DOB) Values(109, ‘Harish Roy’, ‘Head-IT’,’S02’, ’09-Sep-2007’,
’21-Apr-1983’);
(c)
(i)
COUNT SGRADE2 S032 S021 S01
(ii) DOB DOJ 22-Jul-1987 12-Feb-2010(iii) NAME SALARY Abdul Ahmad 24000 Ravi Chander 32000 (iv)
SGRADE SALARY S02 44000
Hide Answer
Q6
a) Verify the following using Truth Table: X + Y . Z = (X+Y).(X+Z)b) Write the equivalent Boolean expression for the following Logic Circuit:
c) Write the SOP form of a Boolean function F, which is represented in a truth table as follows: U V W F0 0 0 10 0 1 00 1 0 00 1 1 11 0 0 01 0 1 0
1 1 0 11 1 1 1
d) Reduce the following Boolean Expression using K-Map: F(A,B,C,D) = (0,1,2,4,5,6,8,9,10)
[2+2+1+3 = 8]
Marks:8
Answer:
(a)
X Y Z X+Y X+Z X+Y.Z (X+Y).(X+Z)0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 1 0 00 1 0 1 0 0 00 1 1 1 1 1 11 0 0 1 1 1 11 0 1 1 1 1 11 1 0 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1
(b) P.Q’ + P.R’
(c) U'V'W' + U'VW + UVW' + UVW
(d)
=> A’B’C’D’ + A’B’C’D + A’BC’D’ + A’BC’D + A’B’CD’ + A’BCD’ + A’B’C’D’ + A’B’CD’ + AB’C’D’ + AB’CD’
= > A’C’ + B’D’ + A’D’C Hide Answer
Q7
a) In Networking , what is WAN ? How is it different from LAN?
b) Differentiate between XML and HTML.
c) What is WEB 2.0?
d) Out of the following, identify client-side script(s) and server-side script(s).
i) Javascriptii) ASPiii) vbscriptiv) JSPe) Great Studies University is setting up its Academic schools at Sunder Nagar and planning to set up a network. The university has 3 academic schools and one administration center as shown in the diagram below:
Center to center distances between various buildings is as follows:
Law School to Business School 60 mLaw School to Technology School 90 mLaw School to Admin Center 115 mBusiness School to Technology School 40 mBusiness School to Admin Center 45 mTechnology School to Admin Center 25 m
Number of Computers in each of the Schools/Center is follows:
Law School 25Technology school 50Admin Center 125Business School 35
(i)Suggest the most suitable place (i.e. Schools/Center) to install the server of this university with a suitable reason.
(ii) Suggest an ideal layout for connecting these schools/center for a wired connectivity.
(iii) Which device will you suggest to be placed/installed in each of these schools/center to efficiently connect all the computers within these schools/center ?
(iv) The university is planning to connect its admission office in the closest big city, which is more than 350 km from the university. Which type of network out of LAN, MAN or WAN will be formed? Justify your answer.
f) Compare Open Source Software and Proprietary Software. g) What are cookies? [1+1+1+1+4+1+1 = 10]Marks:10
Answer:
(a) A computer network that spans over a relatively large geographical area. Typically, a WAN consists of two or more local-area networks (LANs). A LAN is computer network that spans over a relatively small area. Most LANs are confined to a single building or group of buildings.Computers connected to a wide-area network are often connected through public networks, such as the telephone system. They can also be connected through leased lines or satellites. The largest WAN in existence is the Internet.
(b) XML-eXtensible Markup Language: Is a markup language for documents containing structured information.
HTML-HyperText Markup Language: Document-layout and hyperlink-specification language.
(c) Web 2.0 refers to a new generation of applications that are social in nature. They allow for collaboration, information exchange, and are user-oriented. Facebook and MySpace are prime examples of Web 2.0 sites.
(d) Client-Side Script — Javascript , vbscript
Server-Side Script — ASP, JSP
(e)
(i) Admin Center(ii) STAR Topology(iii) Hub/Switch(iv) WAN(Wide Area Network)
The connection between admission office to the closest big city will be through WAN. It is span over a larger distance so dedicated lines are not possible. Here connections are made using radio waves or satellites.
(f) Open source software is free to download therefore lower in cost, whereas, Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, but restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.
(g) Cookies are the bits of data put on a hard disk when someone visits certain websites. The cookie on the hard disk has the username and password in it, so people don’t have to log in.
Hide Answer
Q PAPER 10a) What do you understand by Primary key? Give a suitable example of Primary key from a table containing some meaningful data. (2)
b) Consider the following tables STOCK and DEALERS and answer (b1) and (b2) parts of this question.
Table: STOCK
Item No. Item Scode Qty Rate LastBuy5005 BallPen 0.5 102 100 16 31-Mar-105003 Ball Pen 0.25 102 150 20 01-Jan-105002 GelPen Premium 101 125 14 14-Feb-105006 Gel Pen Classic 101 200 22 01-Jan-095001 Eraser Small 102 210 5 19-Mar -095004 Eraser Big 102 60 10 12-Dec-095009 Sharpener Classic 103 160 8 23-Jan -09
Table: DEALERS
Dcode Dname101 Reliable Stationers103 Classic Plastics102 Clear Deals
b1) Write SQL commands for the following statements: (4)
i) To display details of all the Items in the Stock table in ascending order of StockDate.ii) To display ItemNo and Item name of those items from Stock table whose UnitPrice is more than Rupees 10.iii) To display the details of those items whose dealer code(Dcode) is 102 or Quantity in Stock(Qty) is more than 100 from the table Stock.
iv) To display Minimum UnitPrice of items for each dealer individually as per Dcode from the table Store.
b2) Give the output of the following SQL queries: (2)i) SELECT COUNT(DISTNICT Dcode) FROM Stock;ii) SELECT *Qty UnitPrice From Stock WHERE Item No=5006;iii) SELECT Item, Dname FROM Stock S, Dealers DWHERE S.Dcode=D.Dcode AND ItemNo=5004;iv) SELECT MIN(StockDate) FROM Stock;
Marks:8
Answer:
a) An attribute or set of attributes which are used to identify a tuple uniquely is known as Primary Key. For Example: let us consider a table Dept with following tuples and data.
Table: Dept
Deptno Dname LOC
101
102
104
109
105
103
Computers
English
Biology
Physics
Chemistry
Maths
Ist Floor
II Floor
III Floor
IV Floor
V Floor
VI Floor
From above table Deptno is the Primary Key.
b) b1) i) SELECT * FROM STOCK ORDER BY StockDate;
ii) SELECT ItemNo, Item FROM STOCK WHERE UnitPrice > 10;
iii) SELECT * FROM STOCK WHERE Dcode=102 OR Qty > 100;
iv) SELECT Dcode, MIN(UnitPrice) FROM STORE GROUP BY Dcode;
b2) i) COUNT(DISTINCE Dcode)
3
ii) QTY * UNITPRICE
4400 iii) ITEM DNAME
Eraser Big Clear Deals
iv)MIN(STOCKDATE)
01-JAN-09
Hide Answer
Q6
a) Verify the following algebraically. (2)
X’.Y+ X.Y’= (X’.Y’).(X.Y)
b) Write the equivalent Boolean Expression for the following logical circuit: (2)
c) Write the SOP from a Boolean function G which is represented in a truth table as follows: (1)
P Q R G
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1
d) Reduce the following expression by using K-Map. (3)
F(A,B,C,D)= å (3,4,5,6,7,13,15)
Marks:8
Answer:
a) RHS=(X’+Y’).(X+Y)
= X’.X+X’.Y+X.Y’+Y’.Y
= 0+X’.Y+X.Y+0
=X’.Y+X.Y’
=LHS (Verified)
b) (U’+V).(V’+W)
c) The SOP form is:
P’QR’+P’QR+PQ’R+PQR’+PQR
d) KMAP
F(A,B,C,D)=A’B+BD+A’CD
Hide Answer
Q7
a) What was the role of APARENT in Computer Networking? (1)
b) Which of the following is not a unit for data transfer rate? (1)
i) mbps
ii) kbps
iii) sbps
iv) gbps
c) What is the difference between Virus and Worms in the computers? (1)
d) What term do we use for a hardware/software device, which is used to block unauthorized access while permitting authorized communications. This term is also used for a device or set of devices configured to permit, deny, encrypt,
decrypt or proxy all (in and out) computer traffic between different security domains based upon a set of rules and other criteria. (1)
e) ”Vidya For All” is an educational NGO. It is the setting up its new campus at Jaipur for its web based activities. The campus has four buildings as shown in the diagram below: (4)
Center to center distances between various Compounds as per architectural drawings (in metres) is as follows:
Main Building to Resource Building 120m
Main Building to Training Building 40m
Main Building to Accounts Building 135m
Resource Building to Training Building 125m
Resource Building to Accounts Building 45m
Training Building to Accounts Building 110m
Expected Number of Computers in each Building is as follows:
Main Building 15Resource Building 25Training Building 250Accounts Building 10
e1) Suggest a cable layout of connections between the buildings.
e2) Suggest the most suitable place (i.e., building) to house the server for this NGO. Also, provide a suitable reason for your suggestion.
e3) Suggest the placement of the following devices with justification:
i) Repeater
i) Hub/Switch
e4) The NGO is planning to connect its international office suitable in Delhi. Which, out of the following wired communication link, will you suggest for very high speed connectivity?
i) Telephone Analog Lineii) Optical Fibreriii) Ethernet Cable
f) Write the null form of the following:
f1) FTP
f2) FSF
g) Name any two web browsers.
Marks:10
Answer:
a) The first computer network was jointly designed by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) and department of Defence
(DOD) of United States in 1969 and was called ARPANET. It was an experimental project which connected a few computers from some of the reputed universities of USA and DOD. APRANET allowed access to computer resource sharing projects. This ARPANET was handed over to Defence Communication Agency (DCA) for further development.
b) (iii)sbps
c) VIRUS: Virus is a malicious program that damages data and files and causes harm to computer system.
WORM: A computer worm is a program which copies itself across a network. A computer worm differs from a computer virus in that a computer worm can run itself. A virus needs a host program to run and the virus code runs as part of the host program. A computer worm can spread without a host program, although some modern computer worms also use files to hide inside.
d) Firewall
e) e1) The cable network layout is as follows:
e2) Training Building as it contains maximum numbers of computers.
e3) i) A repeater should be placed when the distance between any two connecting computers exceeds 70m.
ii) Every Building will need 1 hub/Switch, to send singles to all the workstations connected to it.
e4) (ii) Optical Fibre
f) f1) File Transfer Protocol
f2) Free Software Foundation
g) Web Browser:
i) Internet Explorer
ii) Mozilla Firefox
Q PAPER 9(a) What is the purpose of a key in a table? Give an example of a key in a table. [2]
b) Consider the following table DRESS and MATERIAL. Write SQL commands for the statements (i) to (iv) and give outputs for SQL queries (v) to (viii). [ 6]
Table: DRESS
DCODE DESCRIPTION PRICE MCODE LAUNCHADATE
10001 FORMAL SHIRT 1250 M001 12-JAN-08
10020 FROCK 750 M004 09-SEP-07
10012 INFORMAL SHIRT 1450 M002 06-JUN-08
10019 EVENING GOWN 850 M003 06-JUNE-08
10090 TULIP SKIRT 850 M002 31-MAR-07
10023 PENCIL SKIRT 1250 M003 19-DEC-08
10089 SLACKS 850 M003 20-OCT-08
10007 FORMAL PANT 1450 M001 09-MAR-08
10009 INFORMAL PANT 1400 M002 20-OCT-08
10024 BABY TOP 650 M003 07-APR-07
Table : MATERIAL
MCODE TYPE
M001 TERELENE
M002 COTTON
M004 POLYESTER
M003 SILK
(i) To display DCODE and DESCRIPTION of each dress in ascending order of DCODE. (ii) To display the details of all the dresses which have LAUNCHDATE in between 05-DEC-07 and 20-JUN-08 (inclusive of both the dates).(iii) To display the average PRICE of all the dresses which are made up of material with MCODE as M003.(iv) To display materialwise highest and lowest price of dresses from DRESS table. (Display MCODE of each dress along with highest and lowest price)
(v) SELECT SUM(PRICE) FROM DRESS WHERE MCODE = ‘M001’;
(vi) SELECT DESCRIPTION, TYPE FROM DRESS, MATERIAL WHERE DRESS.DCODE= MATERIAL.MCODE AND DRESS.PRICE>=1250;
(vii) SELECT MAX(MCODE) FROM MATERIAL;
(viii) SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT PRICE) FROM DRESS;
Marks:8
Answer: (a) In a relation, rows are distinct from one another, and their difference is expressed in terms of their attributes. Keys serve this purpose.
There are many keys in a table. They are :Primary keyCandidate keyAlternate keyForeign key
Primary key : A primary key is a set of one or more attributes that can uniquely identify tuples within a relation. Every relation does have a primary key. The primary key is non-redundant, i.e., it does not have duplicate values in the same relation.
b(i) SELECT DCODE, DESCRIPTION FROM DRESS ORDER BY DCODE ASC;(ii) SELECT * FROM DRESS WHERE LAUNCHDATE BETWEEN ’05-DEC-07’ AND ‘20-JUN-08’;(iii) SELECT AVG(PRICE) FROM DRESS WHERE MCODE=’ M003’;(iv). SELECT MCODE, MAX(PRICE), MIN(PRICE) FROM DRESS GROUP BY MCODE(v). SUM(PRICE) 2700
(vi) DESCRIPTION TYPE
FORMAL SHIRT TERELENE
INFORMAL SHIRT COTTON
PENCIL SKIRT SILK
FORMAL PANT TERELENE
INFORMAL PANT COTTON
(vii) M004
(viii) 7
Hide Answer
Q6
(a) State and verify absorption law using truth table. [2]
(b) Write the equivalent Boolean Expression for the following Logic Circuit: [2 ]
c) Write the POS from of a Boolean function G, which is represented in a truth table as follows: [1]
U V W G
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1
(d) Reduce the following Boolean Expression using K-Map: [3]
H(U,V,W,Z)=å(0,1,4,5,6,7,11,12,13,14,15)
Marks:8
Answer: a) Absorption Law:-
According to absorption law,X+XY=XX(X+Y)=XThe two parts of the absorption law are sometimes called the "absorption identities".Verification of Absorption Law by truth table:
Thus, we can see in the table that:X+XY=X andX(X+Y)=X.
(b) The equivalent Boolean expression for the following logic circuit is:P Q+P R
(c) To obtain the POS form of function G, add a new column to the truth table:
By multiplying the maxterms for 0’s, we get the desired product of sums expression, that is:
(d) Using K-MAP:
Now, pairing 1’s to form oct, quad , we get the following figure:
Hence, Resultant expressionV+ U’W’ + UWZ
Hide Answer
Q7a) What is the difference between LAN and WAN? [ 1]
(b) Expand the following abbreviations: [1](i) HTTP
(ii) ARPANET( c) What is protocol? Which protocol is used to copy a file from/to a remotely located server? [1]
(d) Name two switching techniques used to transfer data between two terminals (computers). [1]
(e) Eduminds University of India is starting its first campus in a small town Parampur of Central India with its center admission office in Delhi. The University has 3 major buildings comprising of Admin Building, Academic Building and Research Building in the 5 KM area Campus.
As a network expert, you need to suggest the network plan as per (E1) to (E4) to the authorities keeping in mind the distances and other given parameters.
Expected Wire distances between various locations:
Expected numbers of computers to be installed at various locations in the university are as follows:
Research Building to Admin Building 90 m
Research Building to Academic Building 80 m
Academic Building to Admin Building 15 m
Delhi Admission Office to Parampur Campus 1450 km
Expected numbers of computers to be installed at various locations in the university are as follows:Research Building 20
Academic Building 150
Admin Building 35
Delhi Admission Office 5
(E1) Suggest to the authorities, the cable layout amongst various buildings inside the university campus for connecting the buildings. [1]
E2) Suggest the most suitable place (i.e. building) to house the server of this organization, with a suitable reason. [1 ](E3) Suggest an efficient device from the following to be installed in each of the buildings to connect all the computers: [1](i) GATEWAY
(ii) MODEM(iii) SWITCH
(E4) Suggest the most suitable (very high speed) service to provide data connectivity between Admission Building located in Delhi and campus located in Parampur from the following options: [ 1]
Telephone line
Fixed-Line Dial-up connection
Co-axial Cable Network
GSM
Leased line
Satellite connection
Marks:8
Answer:
(a) There are two basic types of network, LAN and WAN.LAN stands for Local Area Network, while WAN stands for Wide Area Network.
Local Area Networks are smaller networks, usually within an office base. Connections between the workstations are physical with cables and all the office resources are shared and distributed between the network workstations.
WAN or Wide Area Networks, are broader geographic networks, like one city to another. They are more of a collection of interconnected LAN networks.
The main difference between LAN and WAN is in their data transfer rate. LANs are faster, with 10Gbit data transfer rates.
(b) HTTP: Hyper Text Transfer ProtocolARPANET: Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
(c) A protocol is a set of rules that end points in a telecommunication connection use when they communicate. Protocols exist at several levels in a telecommunication connection. For example, there are protocols for the data interchange at the hardware device level and protocols for data interchange at the application program level. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is used to copy a file from/to a remotely located computer.
(d) The two types of switching techniques used to transfer data between two terminals are:
Circuit Switching: This method involves the physical interconnection of two devices. A good
example of circuit switching involves the public phone network.
Packet Switching: Packet Switching techniques switch packets of data between destinations. Traditionally, this applied to X.25 techniques, but this also applies to TCP/IP and IPX/SPX routers. Proprietary Frame Relay switches can switch voice signals.
(E1)
(E2) The most suitable place to house the server of this organization is Academic Building, as this location has maximum number of computers installed. This will reduce the network traffic, as most of the traffic will be local and also decrease the cost.
(E3) SWITCH
(E4) Satellite connection is required to provide data connectivity between Admission Building located in Delhi and Parampur because they are very far located from each other.
Hide Answer
Q PAPER 08(a) Differentiate between candidate key and primary key in context of RDBMS. [2]
(b) Consider the following tables Product and Client. Write SQL commands for the statement (i) to
(iv) and give output for SQL queries (v) to (viii). [6]TABLE: PRODUCT
P_ID Product Name Manufacturer PriceTP01 Talcum powder LAK 40FW05 Face wash ABC 45BS01 Bath soap ABC 55SH06 Shampoo XYZ 120FW12 Face wash XYZ 95
TABLE: CLIENT
C_ID Client Name City P_ID01 Cosmetic shop Delhi FW0506 Total health Mumbai BS0112 Live life Delhi SH0615 Pretty women Delhi FW1216 Dreams Bangalore TP01
(i) To display the details of those clients whose city is Delhi.
(ii) To display the details of products whose price is in the range of 50 to 100(Both values included)
(iii) To display the client name, city from table Client and product name and price from table Product with their corresponding matching P_ID.
(iv) To increase the price of all the products by 10.(v) SELECT DISTINCT Address FROM Client;(vi) SELECT Manufacturer, MAX(Price), Min(Price), Count(*) FROM Product GROUP BY Manufacturer;(vii) SELECT Client Name, Manufacturer Name
FROM Product, Client WHERE Client.Prod_Id=Product.P_Id;(viii) SELECT Product Name, Price*4; FROM Products;
Marks:8
Answer: (a) Candidate Key - A candidate key can be any column or a combination of columns
that can qualify as unique key in database. There can be multiple candidate keys in one table.
Primary Key - A primary key is a column or a combination of columns that uniquely identify a record. Only one candidate key can be primary key.
One needs to be very careful in selecting the primary key as an incorrect selection can adversely impact the database architect and future normalization. For a candidate key to qualify as a primary key, it should be non-null and unique in any domain.
E.g.,In customer table, every customer will have a customer ID and also a contact number. Customer ID will be unique for every customer and Contact number is also unique as every telephone number is different. Both fulfill the criteria for candidate keys.
Consider if a customer does not want to share his contact number, then contact number will be null. Since, primary key has a constraint of non-null values, contact number cannot be used as primary key(even though it satisfies uniqueness criteria). Customer Id can be used as primary key as it satisfies uniqueness as well as non-null criteria.
(b) (i) Select * from Client Where City=”Delhi”; (ii) Select * from Product Where Price BETWEEN ( 50 AND 100); (iii) Select ClientName, City, Product Name, Price From Client, Product; (iv) UPDATE Product SET Price= Price + Price*.10; (v) City(Distinct) Delhi Mumbai Bangalore (vi) Manufacturer Max(Price) Min(Price) Count(*) LAK 40 40 1 ` ABC 55 45 2
XYZ 120 95 2 (vii) Client Name Manufacturer Name Cosmetic shop Face wash Total health Bath soap Live life Shampoo Pretty women Face wash Dreams Talcum powder (viii) Product Name Price*4 Talcum powder 160 Face wash 180 Bath soap 220 Shampoo 480 Face wash 380
Hide Answer
Q6
(a) State and verify De Morgan’s law in Boolean Algebra. [2]
(b) Draw a logical circuit diagram for the following Boolean Expression. X’. ( Y’ + Z) [1](c) Convert the following Boolean expression into its equivalent Canonical sum of products form. [2] (X’+ Y + Z’). (X’+ Y + Z) . (X’+ Y’ + Z’)(d) Reduce the following Boolean expression using K-Map. [3] F(A, B, C, D) = ( 0,2,3,4,6,7,8,10,12)
Marks:8
Answer: a) According to Demorgan’s law
1) The complement of the sum is equal to the product of the complement.2) The complement of the product is equal to the sum of the complement.
(a+b)’=a’.b’(a.b)’=a’+b’(a+b) + (a’ . b’) = 1 (a+b) + (a’ . b’) =(a+(a’.b’)) + (b +(a’.b’)) distributivity =(a+a’).(a+b’)+(b+a’).(b+b’) distributivity=1.(a+b’)+(a’+b).1 inverse axiom + commutative=a+b’+a’+b unit property=a+a’+b+b’ commutativity=1+1 inverse axiom= 1 unit axiom
ab + (a’ + b’) = 1 ab + (a’ + b’) = ((a’ + b’) + a)((a’ + b’) + b) commutativity + distributivity = (a + (a’ + b’))((a’ + b’) +b) commutativity= ((a + a’) + b’)(a’ + (b + b’)) associativity + commutativity
= (1 + b’)(a’ + 1) inverse axiom= 11 unit property= 1 unit axiom
(b) Logical circuit for X’. (Y’+Z) is:
(c) Conversion of the Boolean expression into its equivalent Canonical SOP form with the help of a truth table: (X’+ Y + Z’). (X’+ Y + Z) . (X’+ Y’ + Z’)
X Y Z MINTERM MAXTERM0 0 0 X’.Y’.Z’ 0 0 1 X’. Y’. Z 0 1 0 X’.Y.Z’ 0 1 1 X’.Y.Z 1 0 0 X’+Y+Z1 0 1 X’+Y+Z’1 1 0 X’+Y’+Z1 1 1 X’+Y’+Z’
POS FORM=( X’+Y+Z’). (X’+Y+Z) . (X’+Y’+Z). (X’+Y’+Z’)
SOP FPRM=( X’.Y’.Z’) + (X’. Y’. Z) + (X’.Y.Z’) + (X’.Y.Z)
(d) Using K-Map:
F=C’D’+ A’C + AB’CD’
Hide Answer
Q7
(a) What is a hub? [1](b) Expand the following terms with respect to networking: [2]i) MODEMii) WLLiii) FTPiv) TCP/IP
(c) How is coaxial cable different from optical fibre? [1]
(d) “Bias Methodologies” is planning to expand their network in India, starting with three cities in India to build the infrastructure for research and development of their chemical products. The company has planned to setup their main office in Pondicherry at three different locations and have named their offices as “Back Office”, “Research Lab” and “Development Unit”. The company has one more
Research office namely “Corporate Office” in Mumbai. A rough layout of the same is as follows: [4]
Approximate distances between these offices is as follows:
From To Distance
Research Lab Back Office 110 Mts
Research Lab Development Unit 16 Km
Research Lab Corporate Unit 1800 Km
Back Office Development Unit 13 Km
In the continuation of the above, the company experts have planned to install the following number of computers in each of their offices:
Research Lab 158
Back Office 79
Development Unit 90
Corporate Unit 51
(i) Suggest the kind of network required (out of LAN, MAN, WAN) for connecting each of the following office units:
Research Lab and Back Office
Research Lab and Development Office
(ii) Which one of the following device will you suggest for connecting all the computers with in each of their office units?
Switch/Hub
Modem
Telephone
(iii) Which of the following communication medium, you will suggest to be procured by the company for connecting their local office units in Pondicherry for very effective (High Speed) communication?
Telephone cable
Optical fibre
Ethernet cable
(iv) Suggest a cable/wiring layout for connecting the company’s local office units located in Pondicherry. Also, suggest an effective method/ technology for connecting the company’s office unit located in Mumbai.
Marks:8
Answer:
(a) Hub is a common connection point for devices in a network. Hubs are commonly used to connect segments of a LAN. A hub contains multiple ports. When a packet arrives at one port, it is copied to the other ports so that all segments of the LAN can see all packets.
(b) MODEM: Modulator Demodulator
WLL: Wireless in Local Loop
FTP: File Transfer Protocol
TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
(c) Coaxial is an electrical conductor, i.e., copper wire, surrounded by an insulating layer, polyethylene or polypropylene or nylon, which is then surrounded by another electrical conductor, i.e. stainless steel braid or copper braid, or aluminum foil, then surrounded by more insulators such as vinyl.Optical cable is glass strands. It requires an optical emitter for the sender end and an optical receiver for the receiving end. It is noted for extremely low transmission losses and virtually no interference between strands.
(d) (i) For connecting:
Research lab and back office LAN can be used, as the distance between them is very small, i.e., 110 meters.
For research lab and development unit, MAN can be used as the distance between them is 16 Km, which implies that they are in the same city.
(ii) To connect all the computers within each of the office units, switch/hub should be used.
(iii) To connect their local office units in Pondicherry for very effective (High Speed) communication, the company should prefer optical fibres as they are lighter and cheaper than copper lines. Also, they do not experience any electrical interference. In addition, optical fibres offer greater bandwidth and lesser signal loss as compared to other communication mediums.
(iv)
Hide Answer
Q PAPER 7(a) Differentiate between primary key and alternate key. [2]
(b) Consider the following tables. Write SQL commands for the [6]
statements (i) to (iv) and give outputs for SQL queries (v) to (viii) TABLE : SENDER
SenderID SenderName SenderAddress SenderCity
ND01 R Jain 2, ABC Appts New DelhiMU02 H Sinha 12, Newtown MumbaiMU15 S Jha 27/A, Park Street MumbaiND50 T Prasad 122-K, SDA New Delhi
TABLE : RECIPIENT
RecID SenderID RecName RecAddress RecCityKO05 ND01 R Bajpayee 5, Central Avenue KolkataND08 MU02 S Mahajan 116, A Vihar New DelhiMU19 ND01 H Singh 2A, Andheri East MumbaiMU32 MU15 P K Swamy B5, CS Terminus MumbaiND48 ND50 S Tripathi 13, B1 D, Mayur Vihar New Delhi
(i) To display the names of all Senders from Mumbai. (ii) To display the ReclD, SenderName, SenderAddress, RecName,
RecAddress for every Recipient. (iii) To display Recipient details in ascending order of RecName. (iv) To display number of Recipients from each city, (v) SELECT DISTINCT SenderCity FROM SENDER; (vi) SELECT A.SenderName, B.RecName FROM Sender A, Recipient B Where A.SenderID= B.SenderID AND B.RecCity=’Mumbai’; (vii) SELECT RecName, RecAddress FROM Recipient WHERE RecCity NOT IN (‘Mumbai’, ‘Kolkata’); (viii) SELECT RecID, RecName FROM Recipient WHERE SenderID=’MU02' OR SenderID=’ND50';Marks:8
Answer:
a) A primary key is a set of one or more attributes that can uniquely identify tuples within the relation. Every relation has a primary key.
All attribute combinations inside a relation that can serve as primary key are candidate keys as they are candidate keys for the position. A candidate key that is not the primary key is called an alternate key.
(b)
(i) SELECT SenderName FROM SENDER WHERE SenderCity=”Mumbai”; (ii) SELECT ReclD, SenderName, SenderAddress, RecName, RecAddress
FROM RECIPIENT, SENDER WHERE RECIPIENT.SenderID= SENDER.SenderID;
(iii) SELECT * FROM RECIPIENT ORDERBY RecName;
(iv) SELECT COUNT (*) “No Of Recipients”, RecCity FROM RECIPIENT
GROUPBY RecCity;
(v) New Delhi, Mumbai.
(vi) A.SenderName B.RecNameH Sinha PK SwamyH Jha
(vii) RecName RecAddressS Mahajan 116, A ViharS Tripathi 13, B1 D, Mayur Vihar (viii)
RecID RecNameND08 S MahajanND48 S Tripathi
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Q6
(a) State Distributive Law and verify the same using truth table. [2]
(b) Write the equivalent Canonical Sum of Product Expression for the following Product of Sum Expression [2] F(X, Y, Z) = ∏ (1, 3, 6, 7)
(c) Write the equivalent Boolean expression for the following Logic Circuit. [2]
(d) Reduce the following Boolean expression using K-Map : [2]
F (U, V, W, Z) = S (0,1,2,3,4,10,11)
Marks:8
Answer: (a) Distributive law states:
x (y+z )= xy + xz and x+ (y.z) = (x+y). (x+z)Truth table to prove above expression
x y z y+z xy xz x(y+z) xy+xz
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1
1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(b) In POS F (X, Y, Z) = ∏ (1, 3, 6, 7) = (X+ Y + Z’). (X+ Y’ +Z’) . (X’+ Y’ + Z). (X’+ Y’ + Z’) In SOP, F (X, Y, Z) = ª (0, 2, 4, 5) = ( X’ Y’ Z’ ) + (X’ Ý Z’ ) + ( X Y’ Z) (c) W X’ + Y’ Z’
(d) Resultant expression is:
U’ V’ + U’ W’ Z’ + V’ W
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Q7
(a) What is the significance of Cyber Law? [1](b) Expand the following terms with respect to Networking: [2](i) CDMA(ii) FTP(iii)WLL(iv)HTML
(c) Which of the following units measures the speed with which data can be transmitted from one node to another node of a network ? Also, give the expansion of the suggested unit. [1](i) Mbps(ii) KMph(iii) MGps
d) “Bhartiya Connectivity Association” is planning to spread their offices in four major cities in India to provide regional IT infrastructure support in the field of Education & Culture. The company has planned to set up their head office in New Delhi in three locations and have named their New Delhi offices as “Front Office”, ”Back Office” and “Work Office”. The company has three more regional offices as “South Office”, “Ëast Office” and “Work Office” located in other three major cities of India. [4] A rough layout of the same is as follows :
Approximate distances between these offices as per network survey team is as follows:
Place From Place To Distance
Back Office Front Office 10 KM
Back Office Work Office 70 Meter
Back Office East Office 1291 KM
Back Office West Office 790 KM
Back Office South Office 1952 KM
In continuation of the above, the company experts have planned to install the following number of computers in each of their offices :
Back Office 100
Front Office 20
Work Office 50
East Office 50
West Office 50
South Office 50
(i) Suggest network type (out of LAN, MAN, WAN) for connecting each of the following set of their offices :
• Back Office and Work Office • Back Office and South Office
(ii) Which device will you suggest to be procured by the company for connecting the computers with in each of their offices out of the following devices ?• Switch/ Hub
• Modem
• Telephone
(iii) Which of the following communication media, you will suggest to be procured by the company for connecting their local offices in New Delhi for very effective and fast communication ?
• Telephone cable
• Optical Fibre
• Ethernet Cable
(iv) Suggest a cable/wiring layout for connecting the company’s local offices located in New Delhi. Also, suggest an effective method/technology for connecting the company’s regional offices- “East Office”, “West Office”, “South Office” with offices located in New Delhi.
Marks:8
Answer:
(a) Cyber law forms the basis of an agreement between two parties, making transactions using cyber technologies. Like any other law, cyber law is enforced over all activities performed, in which computer plays vital role.
(b)(i) CDMA- Code Division Multiple Access(ii) WLL – Wireless in Local Loop(iii) FTP – File Transfer Protocol(iv) HTML- Hyper Text Markup Language
(c) (i) Mega Bits Per Second
(d) (i) LAN and MAN(ii) Switch / Hub (iii) Optical fibre(iv)The layout is:
An effective methodology for connecting company’s regional offices is Dial up or broadband.
Q PAPER 6a) What is an alternate key? [2]
(b) Study the following tables DOCTOR and SALARY and write SQL commands for the questions (i) to (iv) and give outputs for SQL queries (v) to (vi): [6]
TABLE: DOCTORID NAME DEPT SEX EXPERIENCE101 John ENT M 12104 Smith ORTHOPEDIC M 5107 George CARDIOLOGY M 10114 Lara SKIN F 3109 K George MEDICINE F 9105 Johnson ORTHOPEDIC M 10117 Lucy ENT F 3111 Bill MEDICINE F 12130 Morphy ORTHOPEDIC M 15
TABLE: SALARY
ID BASIC ALLOWANCE CONSULTATION101 12000 1000 300104 23000 2300 500107 32000 4000 500114 12000 5200 100109 42000 1700 200105 18900 1690 300130 21700 2600 300
(i) Display NAME of all the doctors who are in “MEDICINE” having more than 10 years experience
from the table DOCTOR.(ii) Display the average salary of all doctors working in “ENT” department using the tables DOCTOR
and SALARY. Salary = BASIC + ALLOWANCE(iii) Display the minimum ALLOWANCE of female doctors.(iv) Display the highest consultation fee among all male doctors.(v) SELECT count(*) from DOCTOR where SEX = “F”(vi) SELECT NAME, DEPT, BASIC from DOCTOR, SALARY where DEPT = “ENT” and
DOCTOR.ID = SALARY.IDMarks:8
Answer:
(a) Out of the multiple candidate keys, only one candidate key acts as primary key in a relation and the remaining candidate key is/are called alternate key.
(b) (i) SELECT NAME FROM DOCTOR WHERE DEPT = “MEDICINE” AND EXPERIENCE>10; (ii) SELECT avg(BASIC + ALLOWANCE)Avg.salary FROM Salary Where Salary.ID IN(SELECT ID FROM DOCTOR WHERE DEPT = ËNT”); (iii) SELECT MIN(ALLOWANCE) FROM Salary Where Salary.ID IN (SELECT ID FROM DOCTOR WHERE SEX = ‘F’); (iv) SELECT MAX(CONSULTATION) “highest Consultation fee” FROM SALARY Where Salary.ID IN (SELECT ID FROM DOCTOR WHERE SEX = ‘M’);
(v) COUNT(*) 4 (vi) Name Dept Basic John ENT 12000
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Q6
(a) State and verify distributive law. [2](b) Write the equivalent expression for the following Logical Circuit: [2]
(c) Express P + QR in canonical SOP form. [1]
(d) Reduce the following Boolean expression using K-Map. [3]F(P, Q, R, S) = ( 0, 3, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, 15)
Marks:8
View Answer
Q7(a) Differentiate between Internet and Intranet. [1]
(b) Expand the following terms (i) CDMA (ii) URL (iii) HTTP (iv) WAN [2] (c) Write one advantage of STAR topology as compared to BUS topology. [1] (d) University of correspondence in Allahabad is setting up the network between its different wings. There are 4 wings named as Science(S), Journalism(J), ARTS(A) and Home Science(H).Distance between various
Wing A to Wing S 100mWing A to Wing J 200mWing A to Wing H 400mWing S to Wing J 300mWing S to Wing H 100mWing J to Wing H 450m
Number of Computers
Wing A 150Wing A 10Wing A 5Wing A 50
(i) Suggest a suitable topology for networking the computer of all wings. [1](ii) Name the wing where the server to be installed. Justify your answer. [1](iii) Suggest the placement of hub/switch in the network. [1](iv) Mention an economic technology to provide internet accessibility to all wings. [1]Marks:8
Answer:
(a) Internet is a vast international network that is the most preferred WAN across the Globe by joining computer networks together with telephone lines to form a backbone.
Intranet is a network that exists exclusively within an organization and that is based on internet technology.
(b) (i) Code Division Multiple Access. (ii) Uniform resource Locator
(iii) Hyper text Transfer protocol. (iv) Wide Area Network. (c) Fault isolation in star topology is easier than bus topology as defective node can be
easily isolated from the network by removing its connection from the center but in bus topology, a faulty node must be rectified at the point where the node is connected to the network.
(d) (i) Star Topology can be used to network the computer of all wings.
(ii) The server should be installed in Wing A, as Wing A has maximum number of computer and installing the server in this wing will help to reduce the network traffic.
(iii) Hub/ switch will be required in all the wings. (iv) The economic way to provide internet accessibility to all wings is to
use the proxy server at wing A and connect to the internet through a dial-up network.
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Q PAPER 5 (a) What do you understand by the terms primary key and degree of a relation in relational database? [2]
(b) Consider the following tables EMPLOYEES and EMPSALARY. Write SQL commands for
the statements (i) to (iv) and give outputs for SQL queries (v) to (viii). [6] EMPLOYEES
EMPID FIRSTNAME LASTNAME ADDRESS CITY010 George Smith 83 First Street Howard105 Mary Jones 842 Vine Ave. Losantiville152 Sam Tones 33 Elm St. Paris215 Sarah Ackerman 440 U.S. 110 Upton244 Manila Sengupta 24 Friends Street New Delhi300 Robert Samuel 9 Fifth Cross Washington335 Henry Williams 12 Moore Street Boston400 Rachel Lee 121 Harrison St. New York441 Peter Thompson 11 Red Road Paris
EMPSALARY
EMPID SALARY BENEFITS DESIGNATION010 75000 15000 Manager105 65000 15000 Manager152 80000 25000 Director215 75000 12500 Manager244 50000 12000 Clerk300 45000 10000 Clerk335 40000 10000 Clerk400 32000 7500 Salesman
Marks:8
Answer:
(a) A primary key is used to uniquely identify each row in a table. A primary key can consist of one or more fields on a table. When multiple fields are used as a primary key, they are called a composite key. A primary key can never be NULL.
E.g.,CREATE TABLE Customer
(SID integer PRIMARY KEY, Last_Name varchar(30), First_Name varchar(30));
Degree of a relation refers to the number of the attribute in the relation.For the above example, the degree of the relation is 3.
(b) (i) SELECT FIRSTNAME, LASTNAME, ADDRESS, CITY
FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE CITY=”PARIS”;
(ii) SELECT * FROM EMPLOYESS ORDER BY FIRSTNAME DESC; (iii) SELECT FIRSTNAME, LASTNAME, SALARY+BENEFITS “TOTAL
SALARY” FROM EMPLOYEES, EMPSALARY WHERE DESIGNATION=”Managers” AND EMPLOYEES.EMPID=EMPSALARY.EMPID; (iv) SELECT DESIGNATION, MAX(SALARY) FROM EMPSALARY GROUP BY DESIGNATION HAVING DESIGNATION IN ( “Manager’s”, “Clerk”) ;
(v) FIRSTNAME SALARY Rachel 32000 Peter 28000
(vi) COUNT(DISTINCET DESIGNATION)
4 (vii) DESIGNATION SUM(SALARY) Manager 215000
Clerk 135000 (viii) Error Message: INVALID COLUMN NAME
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Q6
(a) State and verify associative law in Boolean algebra. [2](b) Write the equivalent Boolean expression for the following logic circuit: [2]
(b) Write the SOP form of Boolean function F, which is represented by the following truth table: [1]
A B C D
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1
(c) Reduce the following Boolean expression using K-Map: [3]
F(A, B, C, D) = P(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 15)
Marks:8
Answer: (a) According to Absorption Law: (i) X+(X.Y)= X and (ii) X(X+Y)=XProof of X.(X+Y) = AThe Truth table for A.(A+B)=A as given below:
X Y (X+Y) X(X+Y)
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 1
1 1 1 1
Column A and A(A+B) are identicalX+X.Y = X
L.H.S = X+X.Y
= X.1+X.Y
= X.(1+Y)
= X.1
= X
= R.H.SX+X’.Y = X+Y
L.H.S. = X+X’.Y
= (X+X’).(X+Y)
= 1.(X+Y)
= X+Y
= R.H.S
(b) The equivalent Boolean expression for the given logic circuit is: (X + Y’)(X’+ Y)(X’+ Y’)
(b) The SOP form is: F(A,B,C)= S(0,1,2,3,4,5,10,11,15)
(c) K-Map:
F= AC + C’A’B + A’
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Q7
(a) What is the difference between message switching technique and packet switching technique? [1](b) Expand the following terminologies: [2] (i) TCP/IP (ii) XML (iii) CDMA (iv) WLL (c) Write two applications of Cyber Law. [1]
(d) The Great Brain Organisation has set up its new branch at Srinagar for its office and web based activities. It has 4 wings of buildings as shown in the diagram:
Center to center distances between various blocks Wing X to Wing Z 50 mWing Z to Wing Y 70 m
Wing Y to Wing X 125 mWing Y to Wing U 80 mWing X to Wing U 175 mWing Z to Wing U 90 m
Number of Computers
Wing X 50Wing Z 30Wing Y 150Wing U 15
(i) Suggest a most suitable cable layout of connections between the
Wings, and topology. [1]
(ii) Suggest the most suitable place (i.e., wing) to house the server of this organisation with a suitable reason, with justification. [1]
(iii) Suggest the placement of the following devices with
justification: (a) Repeater(b) Hub [1]
(iv) The organisation is planning to link its head office situated
in Delhi with the offices at Srinagar. Suggest an economic way to connect it; the company is ready to compromise on the speed of connectivity. Justify you answer. [1]
Marks:8
Answer:
(a) In packet switching, the packets are stored and forwarded from primary storage (RAM) while in message switching the message are stored and relayed from secondary storage (disk).In packet switched network, data are transmitted in discrete units of potentially variable length blocks called packets while in message switching mechanism, a node receives a message, stores it until the appropriate route is free, then sends it along.Message switching sends data units that can be of any length. Packet switching has a maximum packet size. Any message longer than that is split up into multiple packets.
(b) (i) TCP/IP: Transfer Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (ii) XML: Extensible Markup Language (iii) CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access (iv) WLL: Wireless Local Loop
(c) Cyber law describes the legal issues related to the use of inter-networked information technology. Some leading topics include intellectual property, privacy, freedom of expression and jurisdiction.
(d) (i) Star Topology can be used to network the computer of all wings.
(ii) The server should be installed in Wing Y, as Wing Y has maximum number of computers and installing the server in this wing will help to reduce the network traffic.(iii) A switch/hub can be used to connect the computers.(iv) The economic way to provide Internet accessibility to all wings is to use the proxy server at wing Y and connect to the Internet through a dial-up network.