6.international tourism

8/10/2019 6.International Tourism

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INTERNATIONAL TOURISM

INTRO. TO TOURISM

ORGANIZATIONS

Course 6


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TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

Why should I be Interested?

General Purposes

Typologies/Models for Classification:

Membership servedGeographical area of responsibility

General purpose

Challenges


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WHY SHOULD I BE INTERESTED?

Hotels/Accomodations F&B Services

Transportation Services

Entertainment/Retail

Attractions

Destination Marketing Conventions & Meetings

Recreation/ResourceMangt.

Cultural/Historical Institutions Public Safety/Security

Public Utilities (Water-Energy-Sewer-Solid WastePostal-Others)

Public Policy/Legislation

The System of Tourism:

Interconnections between System Sectors:


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THE SYSTEM OF TOURISM

Influence by Public Policy & Legislation

Immigration/Communication/Transportation

Major source of Public Revenues/Taxes

Closely IntergratedProblems in one sector oftenimpact others

Myoptic Vision results in increased problems within

the system


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GENERAL PURPOSES: Promotion of Tourism & Travel

Communication & Cooperation Monitoring & Influencing Public

Policy/Legislation/Enforcement

Setting Professional Standards

Human Resource Development


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General PurposesConti:

Financial/Economical Development

Statistical Data Collection /Analysis /

Distribution

Direct Assistance (Planning & Development)

Trade Issues

Environmental & Social Issues:

Sustainable Tourism Development Protection of Cultural, Historical, & Social

Communities & Resources


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TYPOLOGY

Membership:

PUBLICGovernmental Organizations IE: ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization)

PRIVATEIndustry Trade Organizations IE: WTTC (World Travel & Tourism Council)

MIXEDPUBLIC/PRIVATE MEMBERSHIP (I.E. Many local CVBs)

NGONon-Governmental Organizations LGOs Local-Government Organizations


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GEOGRAPHIC AREA OF CONCERN

INTERNATIONAL

REGIONAL

NATIONALINTER-REGIONAL

STATE

LOCAL


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INTERNATIONAL

World TourismOrganization (WTO)

International CivicAviation Organization

(ICAO) International Air

Transport Association(IATA)

World Travel &TourismAssociation (WTTC)

Others

ECONOMIC FOCUS:

Organization for

Economic Cooperation

& Development

(OECD) International Bank for

Reconstruction &

Development (IBRD)

European Union (EU)


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WORLDTOURISMORGANIZATION

Mission: Mission for the New MillenniumAs the leading

international organization in the field of travel and tourism,the World Tourism Organization (WTO) is vested by the

United Nations with a central and decisive role inpromoting the development of responsible, sustainableand universally accessible tourism, with the aim ofcontributing to economic development, internationalunderstanding, peace, prosperity and universal respect for,and observance of, human rights and fundamentalfreedoms. In pursuing this aim, the Organization paysparticular attention to the interests of the developingcountries in the field of tourism


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WORLDTOURISMORGANIZATION

Membership: Who can join the World Tourism Organization?WTO has

three categories of membership: Full Members, AssociateMembers and Affiliate Members. Full membershipis open to all sovereign States.

Associate membershipis open to all territories not responsible for

their external relations. Membership requires the prior approval of thegovernment which assumes responsibility for their external relations.

Affiliate membershipcomprises a wide range of organizations andcompanies working directly in travel, tourism and related sectors.These may include: airlines and other transport, hotels andrestaurants, tour operators and travel agents, banking institutions,insurance companies, travel assistance, publishing groups, etc.

Affiliate membership is made up of three groups, the WTO Business

Council, the WTO Education Council and the WTO Task Force onDestination Management. Affiliate membership requires endorsementby the government of the state in which the headquarters of theapplicant is located.


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INTERNATIONAL

World Travel & Tourism Council

Private /

Brussles, Belgium

Mission:

Influence over Public Sector (Govt.) in shaping tourism policy Industry Promotiom

Research

Reduction in Barriers

Sustainable Tourism

www.wttc.org


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INTERNATIONAL-ECONOMIC FOCUS

Organization For Economic Cooperation &

Development

Public / 27 + Members

Mission:

Facilitate Global Economic Development

Not Exclusive Focus on Tourism

Support Tourism Development in Developing Countries

Statistical AnalysisAnnual Report

www.oecd.org


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INTERNATIONAL-ECONOMIC FOCUS International Bank for Reconstruction &Development - The World Bank:

Public / Owned by 174 Countries

UN Agency

Mission:

Loans for Tourism Realted Infrastructure Projects in

Developing Countries

www.worldbank.org


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INTERNATIONAL-ECONOMIC FOCUS

World Trade OrganizationGATS:

General Agreement on Trade in Services Focus on Governmental Measures that affect services

between territories

Service Sectorial Classification ListSection for T&T Related

Services

European Union

Finance Tourism related investment & infrastructureprojects


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INTERNATIONAL

PROFESSIONAL

EXAMPLES:

World Association of Travel Agencies

International Sightseeing & Tours Association

Airports Council International

Hotel Catering & Institutional Management

Association

International Hotel & Restaurant Association

International Association of Tour Managers


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REGIONAL ASSOCIATIONS

Pacific Asia Travel Association

Caribbean Tourism Organization

Caribbean Hotel Association Tourism Council of South Pacific

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

Tourism Association


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REGIONAL TOURISM

ORGANIZATION:

Ie: The Caribbean Hotel Association (CHA) isdedicated to excellence in hospitality, leadership inmarketing, and sustainable growth in tourism, to thebenefit of its members and that of the wider

Caribbean community The Caribbean Hotel Association is a Federation of 35

national hotel associations, from Bermuda in the North,to Guyana in the South, from Barbados in the East toMexico and Belize in the West.


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NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

RESPONSIBLE FOR COUNTRYS TOURISMINDUSTRY:

Organize tourism promotion

Control activities of all tourism sectors

Provide coordniation for regional/national tourismdevelopment

Ministry or State Tourism OfficeSeperate orattached/level reflects level of importance


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Four Key Governmental

Tourism Responsibilities:

Coordination of Tourism Activities

Legislation & Regulation

Planning & DevelopmentCoordination

Finance


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REASONSFORGOVERNMENT

INVOLVEMENTINTOURISM:

Political Reasons

International travel across borders

International relations

Japan 80s 10 M Program

Environmental Issues

Economics

Income, jobs, diversification, export, foreign earnings

Socialistic vs. Free enterprise systems


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MAJORGOVERNMENTALROLESIN

TOURISM:

Coordination

Policy setting

Legislation / regulation

Planning / financing Infrastructure development

Development /stimulation

Marketing & research

Training & education


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National Governmental Coordination:

Agencies involved in:

Transportation

Natural & Biological Resources

(Agricultural/Fisheries/Parks/Reserves)Historical & Cultural Preservation

Health & Public Safety

Finance & Planning

Monetary PolicyLabor


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Represent Country on International Scale Negotiate agreements

Organize marketing studies

Optimize tourism destinations/attractions/meetings

Support mutually beneficial trade/monetary regulations

Support technological transfers


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Organize Tourism Services on International / NationalScale

Plan & Develop Tourism (Master Planning)

Regulate & Control Tourism Enterprises: Legislation/Taxation

Classifications

Inspections

Operatings Licenses

Financial Assistance

Standards


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Publish statistics/surveys/studies

Promote International & Domestic Travel

Create structures/procedures to welcome & inform visitors

Provide professional training & education

Preserve/protect/manage

cultural/social/historical/environmental resources


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Challenges:

Lack of resource support

Lip service from political parties

Failure to document tourism benefits/costs

Difficulty in measurement

Lack of tradition/visibility

Greater financial support for local administrations

(Cities/Attractions/Resorts)


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SWISS TOURISM

USTourism Industries?

France: Direction du Tourisme

Spain: Instituto de Turismo de Espana UK: British Tourism Authority


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NATIONAL PROFESSIONAL

Non-Profit Organizations- represent many different

sectors including:

Hotels/Restaurants/Tourism Promotion (OPTBR, FIHR, FPTR)

Transportation (Limo/Cab/Bus/Charters/Bikes)

Rural Tourism (ANTREC - http://www.antrec.ro/)

Travel & Touroperators (ANATwww.anat.ro)

Convention & Meetings (Romanian Convention Bureau - RCB)

Winter sports resorts

Tour Guides
http://www.antrec.ro/http://www.anat.ro/http://www.anat.ro/http://www.antrec.ro/


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LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS

Government tourism commissions-legislatives

committees

Convention & Visitor Bureaus

Visitor Centers

Country/City/Area Tourism authorities



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KEY TREND IN

NATIONAL TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

Formation of Public/Private/Partnerships:

Formation of P/P Commissions with taxing authorities

Creation of cost sharing (P/P) promotion campaigns

Obtaining Private Sector input in tourism/travel related

policy & legislation



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KEY CHALLANGES FACING ALL

ORGANIZATIONS:

Financial viability

Diversity in membership/intrests

Duplication

Taxation

Global competition

Perception of cooperation v.s.competition

6.international tourism

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