7. public domain ontologies - fbi · 1 prof. dr. bernhard humm, darmstadt university of applied...
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Prof. Dr. Bernhard Humm, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. www.fbi.h-da.de/~b.humm. Summer semester 20111
7. Public Domain OntologiesSemantic Web
Prof. Dr. Bernhard HummFaculty of Computer ScienceHochschule Darmstadt – University of Applied SciencesSummer semester 2011
Agenda
• SKOS
• FOAF
• Ontology Search Engines
• Literature
Prof. Dr. Bernhard Humm, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. www.fbi.h-da.de/~b.humm. Summer semester 20112
Prof. Dr. Bernhard Humm, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. www.fbi.h-da.de/~b.humm. Summer semester 2011
SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System)
• Developed by the Institute for Learning & Research Technology,
University of Bristol, UK
• Representing knowledge organization systems,
e.g., thesauri, taxonomies, and folksonomies
• Map any thesaurus standards to SKOS
• Organized in layers:
- SKOS Core maps directly to the thesaurus standards
- SKOS Mapping defines a number of specific properties for
mapping thesaurus concepts from one source to another
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Prof. Dr. Bernhard Humm, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. www.fbi.h-da.de/~b.humm. Summer semester 2011
SKOS example:UKAT (UK Archival Thesaurus)
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Source: Allemang, Hendler: Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist
Prof. Dr. Bernhard Humm, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. www.fbi.h-da.de/~b.humm. Summer semester 20115
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22–rdf–syntax–ns#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf–schema#>.
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>.
@prefix core: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>.
@prefix UKAT: <http://www.workingontologist.com/Ch8/UKAT.owl#>.
UKAT:EconomicCooperation a core:Concept;
core:altLabel "Economic co-operation";
core:broader UKAT:EconomicPolicy;
core:narrower UKAT:IndustrialCooperation,
UKAT:EconomicIntegration,
UKAT:EuropeanIndustrialCooperation,
UKAT:EuropeanEconomicCooperation;
core:prefLabel "Economic cooperation";
core:related UKAT:Interdependence;
core:scopeNote "Includes cooperative measures in banking,
trade, industry etc., between and among countries.."
UKAT:EconomicIntegration a core:Concept;
core:prefLabel "Economic integration.“
UKAT:EconomicPolicy a core:Concept;
core:prefLabel "Economic policy."
UKAT:EuropeanEconomicCooperation a core:Concept;
core:prefLabel "European economic cooperation."
UKAT:EuropeanIndustrialCooperation a core:Concept;
core:prefLabel "European industrial cooperation."
UKAT:IndustrialCooperation a core:Concept;
core:prefLabel "Industrial cooperation."
UKAT:Interdependence a core:Concept;
core:prefLabel "Interdependence."
Prof. Dr. Bernhard Humm, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. www.fbi.h-da.de/~b.humm. Summer semester 2011
Labels in SKOS
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skos:prefLabel
a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "preferred label" ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:label .
skos:altLabel
a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "alternative label" ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:label .
skos:hiddenLabel
a rdf:Property ;
rdfs:label "hidden label" ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:label .
Prof. Dr. Bernhard Humm, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. www.fbi.h-da.de/~b.humm. Summer semester 2011
Documentation Properties in SKOS
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core:definition rdfs:subPropertyOf core:note .
core:scopeNote rdfs:subPropertyOf core:note .
core:example rdfs:subPropertyOf core:note .
core:historyNote rdfs:subPropertyOf core:note .
core:editorialNote rdfs:subPropertyOf core:note .
core:changeNote rdfs:subPropertyOf core:note .
core:altSymbol rdfs:subPropertyOf core:symbol .
core:prefSymbol rdfs:subPropertyof core:symbol .
Prof. Dr. Bernhard Humm, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. www.fbi.h-da.de/~b.humm. Summer semester 2011
Semantic Relations in SKOS:broader, narrower, related
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skos:broader
owl:inverseOf skos:narrower ;
rdfs:comment "Broader concepts are typically rendered as
parents in a concept hierarchy (tree)." ;
rdfs:label "has broader" .
skos:narrower
owl:inverseOf skos:broader ;
rdfs:comment "Narrower concepts are typically rendered as
children in a concept hierarchy (tree)." ;
rdfs:label "has narrower" .
skos:related
a owl:SymmetricProperty;
rdfs:label "related to" ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:seeAlso .
Prof. Dr. Bernhard Humm, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. www.fbi.h-da.de/~b.humm. Summer semester 2011
Collections of concepts:Collection, member
• Used for indexing and cataloguing
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Source: Allemang, Hendler: Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist
Prof. Dr. Bernhard Humm, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. www.fbi.h-da.de/~b.humm. Summer semester 2011
Example skos:Collection
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agro:MilkBySourceAnimal a skos:Collection;
rdfs:label "Milk by source animal ;
core:member agro:CowMilk,
agro:BuffaloMilk,
agro:GoatMilk,
agro:SheepMilk .
agro:BuffaloMilk a skos:Concept;
skos:prefLabel "Buffalo milk .
agro:CowMilk a skos:Concept;
skos:prefLabel "Cow milk" .
agro:GoatMilk a skos:Concept;
skos:prefLabel "Goat milk" .
agro:SheepMilk a skos:Concept;
skos:prefLabel "Sheep milk" .
Agenda
• SKOS
• FOAF
• Ontology Search Engines
• Literature
Prof. Dr. Bernhard Humm, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. www.fbi.h-da.de/~b.humm. Summer semester 201111
Prof. Dr. Bernhard Humm, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. www.fbi.h-da.de/~b.humm. Summer semester 2011
FOAF (Friend of a Friend)
• Distributed descriptions of people and their relationships
• Used by social networking sites for web-scale distribution
• Basic classes: foaf:Person, foaf:Group, foaf:Document
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Prof. Dr. Bernhard Humm, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. www.fbi.h-da.de/~b.humm. Summer semester 2011
People and Agents:Person, Group, Organization, Agent
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foaf:Person rdfs:subClassOf foaf:Agent .
foaf:Group rdfs:subClassOf foaf:Agent .
foaf:Organization rdfs:subClassOf foaf:Agent .
foaf:knows rdfs:domain foaf:Person .
foaf:knows rdfs:range foaf:Person .
Prof. Dr. Bernhard Humm, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. www.fbi.h-da.de/~b.humm. Summer semester 2011
Names in FOAF
• foaf:name – general name, e.g., „William Shakespeare
• foaf:firstName, foaf:givenname, foaf:family_name,
foaf:surname – intuitive (but no formal) semantics
no pre-defined usage pattern
• Nick names: foaf:nick
• Online names: foaf:aimChatID, foaf:icqChatID,
foaf:msnChatID, foaf:yahooChatID, foaf:jabberID
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foaf:name rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:label .
foaf:aimChatID rdfs:subPropertyOf foaf:nick .
foaf:icqChatID rdfs:subPropertyOf foaf:nick .
foaf:msnChatID rdfs:subPropertyOf foaf:nick .
foaf:yahooChatID rdfs:subPropertyOf foaf:nick .
foaf:jabberID rdfs:subPropertyOf foaf:nick .
Prof. Dr. Bernhard Humm, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. www.fbi.h-da.de/~b.humm. Summer semester 2011
Online Persona
• Homepages: foaf:homepage, foaf:workplaceHomepage,
foaf:workInfoHomepage, foaf:schoolHomepage
• Weblogs: foaf:weblog
• All of these properties specify instances of foaf:Document
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Prof. Dr. Bernhard Humm, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. www.fbi.h-da.de/~b.humm. Summer semester 2011
Groups of People:foaf:Group
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:English_Monarchy
a foaf:Group ;
foaf:name "English Monarchy" ;
foaf:homepage "http://www.monarchy.com/" ;
foaf:member :William_I, :Henry_I, :Henry_II,
:Elizabeth_I, :Elizabeth_II .
:English_Monarchy foaf:membershipClass :Monarch .
:William_I a :Monarch .
:Henry_I a :Monarch .
:Henry_II a :Monarch .
:Elizabeth_I a :Monarch .
:Elizabeth_II a :Monarch .
Links a group to a class
Prof. Dr. Bernhard Humm, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. www.fbi.h-da.de/~b.humm. Summer semester 2011
Identity in FOAFfoaf:mbox
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lit:Shakespeare foaf:mbox "[email protected]";
foaf:mbox_sha1sum "f964f2dfd4784fe9d68ada960099e0b592e16a95".
SHA-1 encoded email address forpreserving privacy
Email address as identifying key of a person
Prof. Dr. Bernhard Humm, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. www.fbi.h-da.de/~b.humm. Summer semester 2011
FOAF-a-Matichttp://hyperdata.org/foaf-a-matic/
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Agenda
• SKOS
• FOAF
• Ontology Search Engines
• Literature
Prof. Dr. Bernhard Humm, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. www.fbi.h-da.de/~b.humm. Summer semester 201119
Prof. Dr. Bernhard Humm, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. www.fbi.h-da.de/~b.humm. Summer semester 201120
Agenda
• SKOS
• FOAF
• Ontology Search Engines
• Literature
Prof. Dr. Bernhard Humm, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. www.fbi.h-da.de/~b.humm. Summer semester 201121
Prof. Dr. Bernhard Humm, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. www.fbi.h-da.de/~b.humm. Summer semester 2011
Literature
• Dean Allemang, James Hendler:
Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist:
Effective Modeling in RDFS and OWL.
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco,
CA, USA, 2008.
Read
Chapter 8: Using RDFS-Plus in the Wild
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