7. tenses of verbs
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English
VERB TENSES
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Simple Present Tense
Otherwise known as the
Timeless Present
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Simple Present Tense is used:When you are referring to habitual actions--actions that
you always or never doWhen you are referring to unchanging truthsWhen you are making general statements of factWhen you talk about scheduled events in the near future
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Examples(habit) He always comes late to class.(unchanging truth) The sun rises in the east.(general statement of fact) They are friendly. (talks about scheduled events in the near future.) The
train leaves tonight at 6 PM.
simple present tense
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IndicatorsAlways Whenever Everyday
Usually Often Frequently
Sometimes Rarely Occasionally
never
simple present tense
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FormI study I wait
You study You wait
S/he/it studies s/he/it waits
We study we wait
They study they wait
simple present tense
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Examples I play tennis.She does not play tennis.Does he play tennis?The train leaves every morning at 8 AM.The train does not leave at 9 AM.When does the train usually leave?
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Note:
ADVERB PLACEMENTThe examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.Examples:You only speak English.Do you only speak English?
ACTIVE / PASSIVEExamples:Once a week, Tom cleans the car. ACTIVEOnce a week, the car is cleaned by Tom. PASSIVE
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Simple Past Tense
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The Simple Past Tense is Used:When an activity or situation began and ended at a
particular time in the past--in other words, when an activity or situation is completed in the past
To refer to past habitscan also be used to describe past facts or generalizations
which are no longer true.
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Examples(Completed action in the past) He was late to class
yesterday. (Completed action in the past) We arrived three weeks
ago.(Past habit) She always wrote a letter to her mother on
Sunday night.(past facts or generalizations which are no longer true.)
She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.
Simple Past Tense
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IndicatorsLast night, week, year, month, Saturday,semester, etc.
Yesterday
ago
Simple Past Tense
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FormI studied I waited
You studied You waited
S/he/it studied S/he/it waited
We studied We waited
They studied They waited
Simple Past Tense
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Examples Sandy studied Japanese for five years.Al studied French when I was a child.Mark played the violin.He didn't play the piano.Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid?He didn't like tomatoes before.Did you live in Texas when you were a kid?People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.
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Future Tense
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The Future Tense is Used:To indicate that an activity or event will take place at a
time in the future
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ExamplesWhen I’m retired, I’m going to travel.Next week, we will work on punctuation.He is going to get his car fixed tomorrow.Our plane departs at noon next Friday.
Future
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IndicatorsTomorrow
Next Saturday, week, month, year, etc.
Future
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Form 1I will stay I'll stay
You will stay You'll stay
S/he/it will stay S/he/it'll stay
We will stay We'll stay
They will stay They'll stay
Future
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Form 2I am going to stay I'm going to stay
You are going to stay You're going to stay
S/he/it is going to stay S/he/it's going to stay
We are going to stay We're going to stay
They are going tostay
They're going to stay
Future
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Form 3Sometimes the simple present tense or thepresent progressive tense are used to express afuture meaning. Usually these tenses are usedwhen scheduled events are being discussed.I arrive I am arriving
You arrive You are arriving
S/he/it arrives S/he/it is arriving
We arrive We are arriving
They arrive They are arriving
Future Tense
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The Present Perfect
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The Present Perfect is Used: When an activity happened at an unspecified time in the past
(before the present) When an activity has been repeated several times before now When an activity was very recently completed before now When an activity is not completed in the past to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity.
We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important.
You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc.
We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.
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Examples(unspecified time before now) They have already seen that movie.(repeated activity before now) We have visited New York City many times.(an action has recently been completed before now) I have just eaten.(action not completed in the past) I have studied Spanish for many years.
Present Perfect Tense
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IndicatorsBefore Ever Never
So far Already Yet
Just Recently For
since
Present Perfect Tense
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Form 1have or has + past participle
I have studied . . . I have seen . . .
You have studied . . . You have seen . . .
S/he/it has studied . . S/he/it has seen . . .
We have studied . . . We have seen . . .
They have studied . . . They have seen . . .
Present Perfect Tense
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Form 2I've walked . . . I've grown . . .
You've walked . . . You've grown . . .
S/he/it's walked . . . S/he/it's grown . . .
We've walked . . . We've grown . . .
They've walked . . . They've grown . . .
Present Perfect Tense
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ExamplesI have seen that movie twenty times.I think I have met him once before.There have been many earthquakes in California.You have grown since the last time I saw you.The government has become more interested in arts education.Man has walked on the Moon.Scientists have split the atom.
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The past perfect Tense
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Past PerfectThis tense is not used a lot. It can often be used
interchangeably with the simple past because these tenses do not differ much in meaning. The past perfect tense refers to activities that happened before a specific time in the past.
Example, He had visited her many times before she died.Form: had + past participle
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Examples (something occurred before another action in the past) I
did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska. She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993
before she moved in with them in 1996. She only understood the movie because she had
read the book.
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ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:You had previously studied English before you moved to
New York.Had you previously studied English before you moved to
New York?
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The future perfect Tense
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Future PerfectThe future perfect expresses the idea that an activity will
occur before some future time.Example: She will have finished dinner before the game
starts. Form: will + have + past participle
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examplesYou will have perfected your English by the time you
come back from the U.S.You are going to have perfected your English by the time
you come back from the U.S.NOTE: It is possible to use either "will" or "be going to"
to create the Future Perfect with little or no difference in meaning.
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ExamplesBy next November, I will have received my promotion.By the time he gets home, she is going to have
cleaned the entire house.I am not going to have finished this test by 3 o'clock.Will she have learned enough Chinese to communicate
before she moves to Beijing?
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The Present Progressive TenseSometimes called the
Present Continuous Tense
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The Present Progressive Tense is Used:When an activity is in progress now at the moment of
speakingWhen an activity began before now and continues into
the future without stopping.When an activity is temporary.When an activity is developing and changing.
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ExamplesI’m explaining something to the class right now.He’s taking 16 credits this semester.She is understanding English more and more because she
moved into the dorm.
Present Progressive Tense
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IndicatorsRight now, at thismoment
Still
This year, week,month, etc.
As we speak
Present Progressive Tense
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FormI am studying I'm studying
You are studying You're studying
S/he/it is studying S/he/it's studying
We are studying We're studying
They are studying They're studying
Present Progressive Tense
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Other tenses
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Past ProgressiveThis tense is used to refer to activities continuously in
progress around a time in the past.Example: They were eating when the taxi arrived.Form: was or were + verbing
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Past Perfect ProgressiveThis tense is used when an activity was continuously in
progress before a specific time in the past. Example: I had been thinking about her before she called.Form: had + been + verbing
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Present Perfect ProgressiveThis tense is used to describe actions that have been
continuously in progress before now. These actions are not completed.
Example: I have been waiting here for the last two hours.Form: have or has + been + verbing
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Future Progressive TenseThis tense is used to refer to activities that will be
continuously in progress around some future time.Example: We will be flying over New York at noon
tomorrow.Form: will + be + verbing
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Future Perfect ProgressiveThis tense is used to refer to activities that will be
continuously in progress before a future time.Example: He will have been working for 3 hours before
you arrive.Form: will + have + been + verbing
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PRESENT PERFECT (have or has + past participle of verb)I have studied English.He has studied English.
PAST PERFECT (had + past participle of verb)I had studied English.He had studied English.
FUTURE PERFECT (will or shall + have + past participle of verb)I will have studied English.He will have studied English.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (form of "be" verb + "ing" form of main verb)I am studying English.He is studying English.
PAST PROGRESSIVE (past tense of form "be" verb + "ing" form of main verb)I was studying English.He was studying English.
FUTURE PROGRESSIVE (will or shall +be + "ing" form of main verb)I will be studying English.He will be studying English.
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (have or has + been + "ing" form of main verb)I have been studying English.He has been studying English.
PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (had + been + "ing" form of main verb)I had been studying English.He had been studying English.
FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (will or shall + have + been + "ing" form of main verb)I will have been studying English.He will have been studying English.
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