70760 biofuels technologies unido ics miertus
TRANSCRIPT
Technologies for biofuel productionTechnologies for biofuel production
(a brief survey)(a brief survey)
S. MiertusS. Miertus
Pure & Applied Chemistry AreaPure & Applied Chemistry Area
ICS-UNIDOICS-UNIDO
First-High Level Biofuel Conference in AfricaFirst-High Level Biofuel Conference in AfricaAddis Ababa, Ethiopia Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
3030thth July - 1 July - 1stst August 2007 August 2007
INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR SCIENCE AND HIGH TECHNOLOGYINTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR SCIENCE AND HIGH TECHNOLOGYUnited Nations Industrial Development OrganisationUnited Nations Industrial Development Organisation
Biofuel value chain and Biofuel value chain and UNIDO radius of attentionUNIDO radius of attention
Oil bearing plants
Agricultural crops and residues
Woody biomass
Industrial andmunicipal waste
Biomass resources
Harvesting,
collection,
handling,
and storage
Supply systems Conversion
Biochemical(fermentation)
Thermochemical(gasification)
Chemical(transesterification)
End products
Transportation fuels(biodiesel, bioethanol)
HeatElectricity
Solid fuels(wood pellets, charcoal)
High added-value chemicals
(pharmaceuticals, polymers)
Physical chemical(extraction)
byproducts
UNIDO(ICS-UNIDO expertise)
UNIDO and FAOFAO UNIDO and UNCTAD
Biofuel type Specific name Feedstock Conversion Technologies
Pure vegetable oil Pure plant oil (PPO),Straight vegetable oil (SVO)
Oil crops (e.g. rapeseed, oil palm, soy, canola, jatropha, castor, …)
Cold pressing extraction
Biodiesel - Biodiesel from energy crops: methyl and ethyl esters of fatty acids- Biodiesel from waste
- Oil crops (e.g. rapeseed, oil palm, soy, canola, jatropha, castor, …)- Waste cooking/frying oil
- Cold and warm pressing extraction, purification, and transesterification- Hydrogenation
Bioethanol Conventional bio-ethanol
Sugar beet, sugar cane, grain
Hydrolysis and fermentation
Biogas Upgraded biogas Biomass (wet) Anaerobic digestion
Bio-ETBE Bioethanol Chemical Synthesis
Overview of Biofuel Production TechnologiesOverview of Biofuel Production TechnologiesFirst Generation of BiofuelsFirst Generation of Biofuels
Biofuel type Specific name Feedstock Conversion Technologies
Bioethanol Cellulosic bioethanol Lignocellulosic biomass and biowaste
Advanced hydrolysis & fermentaion
Biogas SNG (Synthetic Natural Gas) Lignocellulosic biomassand residues
Pyrolysis/Gasification
Biodiesel Biomass to Liquid (BTL), Fischer-Tropsch (FT) diesel, synthetic (bio)diesel
Lignocellulosic biomass and residues
Pyrolysis/Gasification & synthesis
Other biofuels Biomethanol, heavier (mixed) alcohols, biodimethylether (Bio-DME)
Lignocellulosic biomassand residues
Gasification & synthesis
Biohydrogen Lignocellulosic biomass and biowaste
Gasification & synthesis or biological process
Overview of Biofuel Production Overview of Biofuel Production TechnologiesTechnologiesSecond/Third* Generation BiofuelsSecond/Third* Generation Biofuels
*Use GMO as a feedstock to facilitate hydrolysis / technologies for hydrogen production
Techn. Efforta
Overall efficiencyc
[%]Expected plant
capacityb
[MWbf]
Current stage of development
a regarding system complexity (+ less promising….++++ very promising)b related to biomass feedstockc according state of development (many different concepts) only theoretical values d suitability for current distribution and use (+ less promising….++++ very promising)
Distri-butiond
Used
Comparison of technologiesComparison of technologiesTechnology aspectsTechnology aspects
Biofuel option 2nd generation
Liquid
Bioethanol
FT-Fuels
Methanol
Gaseous
Biogas
Bio-SNG
Dimethylether
Hydrogen
Concept/ Lab
Pilot/Demo
+
++
+++
++
++(+)
++++
++
10.......................1,000 0................................80
++++
++
+++
++
++++
++
+++
++
+ +
+++ +++
+++ +++
Many different concepts for biofuel options of the 2nd generation; associated with appropriate
benefits and bottlenecks along the pathway.
Source: IEE Leipzig, 2007
Overall biorefinery conceptOverall biorefinery concept- a new chemical industry sector - a new chemical industry sector
- equivalent to the petrochemistry concept
Biomass to high added value Biomass to high added value chemicals, an emerging chemicals, an emerging
chemistrychemistry
Biomass
Extraction of chemicals
Biodiesel production
Glycerol
Sugar fermentation
Thermochemicalconversion
• Ethanol• Lactic acid
Chemicals
• Proteins• Vitamins• Fragrances• Pharmaceuticals
Bio-SNG
ChemicalsChemicals
DST conceptDST conceptBiofuel/biofuel production technology selection criteriaBiofuel/biofuel production technology selection criteria
Technological criteria (energy content, non Technological criteria (energy content, non renewable energy consumed, availability, renewable energy consumed, availability, carbon residue, sulfur content, viscosity, carbon residue, sulfur content, viscosity, density, efficiency, scale up, …)density, efficiency, scale up, …)
Financial criteria (static, dynamic, risk)Financial criteria (static, dynamic, risk)
Environmental criteria (COEnvironmental criteria (CO22 , CO, NO , CO, NOxx, SO, SO22, , etc.)etc.)
Socio-economic criteriaSocio-economic criteria
Comparison of technologies Comparison of technologies Economic versus environmental aspectsEconomic versus environmental aspects
Source: IEE Leipzig, 2007
A)A) Awareness and capacity buildingAwareness and capacity building
EGM on “Technologies for Exploitation of Renewable Feedstock and Waste EGM on “Technologies for Exploitation of Renewable Feedstock and Waste Valorisation”, 20-30 May 2006 Trieste, ItalyValorisation”, 20-30 May 2006 Trieste, Italy
Workshop on “Sustainable Plastics and chemical products from renewable Workshop on “Sustainable Plastics and chemical products from renewable resources”, Belgrade, Serbia & Montenegro, June 2006resources”, Belgrade, Serbia & Montenegro, June 2006
Workshop on “Bio-fuels from palm oil: emerging technologies and their Workshop on “Bio-fuels from palm oil: emerging technologies and their assessment” 4 July 2007, Malaysiaassessment” 4 July 2007, Malaysia
Workshop on “Technologies for renewable feedstock exploitation and bio-fuels Workshop on “Technologies for renewable feedstock exploitation and bio-fuels production” Accra, Ghana, December 2007 – in cooperation with UNIDO ECB production” Accra, Ghana, December 2007 – in cooperation with UNIDO ECB branchbranch
Joint event in Senegal, February 2008Joint event in Senegal, February 2008
Promotion of joint pilot projects in Africa (UNIDO + ICS)Promotion of joint pilot projects in Africa (UNIDO + ICS)
Selected ICS-UNIDO activities 2006/2007: Selected ICS-UNIDO activities 2006/2007: Renewables to biofuels and biobased Renewables to biofuels and biobased productsproducts
B) In house development of expertise tools B) In house development of expertise tools
Survey of technologies for exploitation of renewable feedstock for biofuels Survey of technologies for exploitation of renewable feedstock for biofuels (technological, economic, environmental parameters)(technological, economic, environmental parameters)
Decision support tool for assessment of technologies for renewable feedstock Decision support tool for assessment of technologies for renewable feedstock exploitationexploitation
Molecular modelling of chemical processes (catalysis, separation, etc.)Molecular modelling of chemical processes (catalysis, separation, etc.) Strategies for developing countriesStrategies for developing countries
Example 1: Malaysia – ICS-UNIDO-MPOB Example 1: Malaysia – ICS-UNIDO-MPOB cooperation proposalcooperation proposal
Catalytic processes for exploitation of palma biomassCatalytic processes for exploitation of palma biomass
Project 1: TransesterificationProject 1: Transesterification Solid basic catalysts (supported alkali and alkaline earth metal Solid basic catalysts (supported alkali and alkaline earth metal
oxides/salts, modified or pretreated Group II-III metal oxides, oxides/salts, modified or pretreated Group II-III metal oxides, hydrotalcite-like materials, alkali exchanged zeolites and hydrotalcite-like materials, alkali exchanged zeolites and molecular sieve materials, strong organic bases grafted on inert molecular sieve materials, strong organic bases grafted on inert support, super bases)support, super bases)
Project 2: Glycerol based syntheses and productsProject 2: Glycerol based syntheses and products Substitute for polyols (microbiological and catalytic conversion of Substitute for polyols (microbiological and catalytic conversion of
glycerol to 1,3 propanediol) glycerol to 1,3 propanediol) Polymeric materials. Polymeric materials. Glycerol as fuel (bio-transformation of into CO and methane, Glycerol as fuel (bio-transformation of into CO and methane,
synthesis of glycerol tertbutyl ether as gasoline additive, catalytic synthesis of glycerol tertbutyl ether as gasoline additive, catalytic transformation of glycerol into CO/COtransformation of glycerol into CO/CO22 and H and H22))
Carbonatation of glycerol (glycerol carbonate is a good protic Carbonatation of glycerol (glycerol carbonate is a good protic polar solvent)polar solvent)
Project 3: Catalysts for palm oil biomass gasification Project 3: Catalysts for palm oil biomass gasification
Example 2: 2008 – GREENOLYMP (Green Example 2: 2008 – GREENOLYMP (Green Olympics, Beijing) – a Olympics, Beijing) – a project project for green for green
plasticsplastics
Alcaligenes latus Cells for the production of environmentally degradable plastics
1st to 45th day
The general structure of polyhydroxyalkanoates:
The biosynthetic pathway of PHB and P(HB-HV) in Alcaligenes eutrophus:
Agro food waste
(by product of cheese production)
Recent ICS-UNIDO publicationRecent ICS-UNIDO publication
BIO-FUELSBIO-FUELSTechnologies Status and Future Trends Technologies Status and Future Trends
Feedstock and Product ValorisationFeedstock and Product ValorisationAssessment of Technologies and DSTsAssessment of Technologies and DSTs
20072007
Authors:
A. Sivasamy1, P. Foransiero1, S. Zinoviev1, S. Miertus1
F. Mueller-Langer2, D. Thraen2 & A. Vogel2
1 ICS-UNIDO, Trieste, Italy2 IEE, Leipzig, Germany
Available at ICS-UNIDO website: www.ics.trieste.itwww.ics.trieste.it
