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xiii
Contents
Preface vii
List of Abbreviations xxi
List of Tables xxiii
List of Figures xxv
Acknowledgments xxvii
Chapter 1 Knowledge in an Organizational Context 1
Knowledge Objectives 1
1.1 Introducing the Chapter 1
1.2 The Notion of Knowledge from a Philosophical 3
Perspective
1.3 Organizational Knowledge Defined 5
1.4 Knowledge Hierarchy 9
1.5 Perspectives on Knowledge in Organizations 14
1.6 The Role of Knowledge in an Organizational Context 18
1.7 Concluding Summary 20
Further Reading 23
References 23
Chapter 2 Strategic Role of Knowledge Management 31
Knowledge Objectives 31
2.1 Introducing the Chapter 31
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2.2 Relevant Topics Associated with Knowledge 33
Management
2.2.1 Organizational Knowledge and Its Typology 342.2.2 Knowledge Transfer 35
2.2.3 Knowledge Creation 36
2.2.4 Knowledge Storage 37
2.3 Knowledge Management Defined 38
2.4 Knowledge Management Process 45
2.4.1 Acquisition of Organizational Knowledge 47
2.4.2 Creation of Organizational Knowledge 482.4.3 Storage of Organizational Knowledge 49
2.4.4 Transfer of Organizational Knowledge 49
2.4.5 Application of Organizational Knowledge 51
2.5 The Role of Knowledge Management in 51
Organizations
2.6 Concluding Summary 56
Further Reading 59
References 59
Chapter 3 Debates in the Knowledge Management Field 71
Knowledge Objectives 71
3.1 Introducing the Chapter 71
3.2 Lack of a Homogeneous Definition for 74
Organizational Knowledge3.3 Lack of a Universal Definition for Knowledge 75
Management
3.4 Knowledge Management: A Multidisciplinary Subject 76
or a Specific Ideology?
3.5 Knowledge Management: A Universal Paradigm or a 79
Management Fad?
3.6 Perspectives on Knowledge Management: A 86
Technical-Centric or Social-Centric View?3.6.1 Perspectives on Knowledge Management: 88
The Social-Centric View
3.6.2 Perspectives on Knowledge Management: 88
The Technical-Centric View
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3.6.3 Combined Approach to Knowledge 89
Management: The Socio-Technical Approach
3.7 Concluding Summary 90Further Reading 93
References 93
Chapter 4 The Sources of Organizational Knowledge 99
Knowledge Objectives 99
4.1 Introducing the Chapter 99
4.2 Existing Theories of Organizational Knowledge 100
4.2.1 Polanyis Theory of Knowledge 101
4.2.2 Nonakas Theory of Knowledge 102
4.2.3 Spenders Theory of Knowledge 106
4.2.4 Blacklers Theory of Knowledge 107
4.3 Gaps in Theories of Organizational Knowledge 109
4.3.1 Sources of Organizational Knowledge 111
4.3.2 The Role of External Sources of 112Organizational Knowledge
4.3.3 The Organizational Knowledge of Various 113
Stakeholders Outside an Organization
4.4 Alternative View of Knowledge Typology 116
4.5 Concluding Summary 120
Further Reading 121
References 121
Chapter 5 Organizations in the Knowledge-Based 125
Economy
Knowledge Objectives 125
5.1 Introducing the Chapter 125
5.2 The Notion of the Knowledge-Based Economy 128
5.2.1 Features of the Agrarian, Industrial and 129Knowledge Societies
5.3 Organizations in the Knowledge Economy 133
5.3.1 Typology of Organizations Based on 134
Knowledge Intensity
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5.3.2 Knowledge-Based Organization (KBO) 134
5.3.3 Knowledge-Intensive Firm (KIF) 135
5.3.4 Professional Service Firm (PSF) 1405.3.5 Knowledge-Creating Company (KCC) 141
5.4 Knowledge Intensity Continuum 142
5.4.1 The Notion of Hybrid Organizations in the 145
Knowledge Economy
5.5 Concluding Summary 147
Further Reading 148
References 148
Chapter 6 Disciplinary Roots of Knowledge 155
Management
Knowledge Objectives 155
6.1 Introducing the Chapter 155
6.2 Genesis of the Knowledge Management Field 157
6.3 Knowledge Management: An Offshoot of a Single 158Discipline or Many Disciplines?
6.4 Connections Between Knowledge Management 164
and Other Disciplines
6.5 Concluding Summary 169
Further Reading 170
References 170
Chapter 7 Knowledge Management and Information 175
Management
Knowledge Objectives 175
7.1 Introducing the Chapter 175
7.2 The Notion of Information Management 177
7.3 The Origin of Information Management 178
7.4 Scholars Views on the Connection Between 182Knowledge Management and Information Management
7.4.1 Knowledge Management as an Offshoot 183
of Information Management
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7.4.2 Information Management and Knowledge 185
Management as Complementary to
Each Other7.5 The Intersection Between Knowledge Management 187
and Information Management
7.6 Concluding Summary 197
Further Reading 199
References 200
Chapter 8 Knowledge Management and Organizational 205Learning
Knowledge Objectives 205
8.1 Introducing the Chapter 205
8.2 Organizational Learning Defined 209
8.3 Origins of Organizational Learning 213
8.4 The Role of Organizational Learning 213
8.5 Properties of Organizational Learning 2158.6 Scholars Views on the Connection Between Knowledge 218
Management and Organizational Learning
8.6.1 Knowledge Management as an Outcome 220
of Organizational Learning
8.6.2 Knowledge Management and Organizational 221
Learning as Two Distinct Disciplines
8.6.3 Knowledge Management and Organizational 222
Learning as Complementary to Each Other8.7 Linkage Between Knowledge Management and 224
Organizational Learning
8.8 Concluding Summary 232
Further Reading 234
References 235
Chapter 9 Knowledge Management and Strategic 245Management
Knowledge Objectives 245
9.1 Introducing the Chapter 245
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9.2 Strategic Management Defined 249
9.3 The Origins of Strategic Management 252
9.4 Key Areas of Strategic Management Research 2549.5 Scholars Views on the Connection Between 261
Knowledge Management and Strategic Management
9.5.1 Knowledge Management as a Key Element 262
of Strategic Management
9.5.2 The Strategic Management Role for 264
Knowledge Management Implementation
9.5.3 Strategic Management and Knowledge 266Management as Complementary to
Each Other
9.6 Linkage Between Strategic Management and 267
Knowledge Management
9.7 Concluding Summary 273
Further Reading 274
References 275
Chapter 10 Knowledge Management and Innovation 285
Management
Knowledge Objectives 285
10.1 Introducing the Chapter 285
10.2 Innovation Management Defined 287
10.3 Terminology Associated with Innovation Management 289
10.4 Typologies of Innovation 295
10.4.1 Typology of Innovation Based on the Nature 295
of Innovation
10.4.2 Typology of Innovation Based on the Form 297
of Innovation
10.5 The Role of Innovation Management 298
10.6 Key Areas in Innovation Management 301
10.7 Scholars Views on the Connection Between 303Knowledge Management and Innovation Management
10.8 Linkage Between Knowledge Management and 308
Innovation Management
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Contents xix
10.9 Concluding Summary 313
Further Reading 316
References 317
Chapter 11 Knowledge Management Challenges 325
Knowledge Objectives 325
11.1 Introducing the Chapter 325
11.2 A Brief Overview 326
11.3 The Challenges of Knowledge Management 329
11.4 Epilogue 342Further Reading 343
References 344
Bibliography 349
Index 397