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Establishing a European Phenological Data Platform

for Climatological Applications: overview and

first results Start date 05/04/2004 End date 05/04/2009

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Main ObjectiveMain Objective

establishing a European reference data set of establishing a European reference data set of

phenological observations, to be used for phenological observations, to be used for

climatological purposesclimatological purposes, , especially climate especially climate

monitoring, and detection of changesmonitoring, and detection of changes

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Secondary objectivesSecondary objectives harmonisation and recommendation for harmonisation and recommendation for

monitoring and collection procedures monitoring and collection procedures selection criteria of data for further considerationselection criteria of data for further consideration quality control of observationsquality control of observations commonly used formats of archiving and commonly used formats of archiving and

distribution of datadistribution of data developing application methods of pheno datadeveloping application methods of pheno data

(as(as mapping techniques of phenological mapping techniques of phenological information and otherinformation and other

  increasing the knowledge concerning relations increasing the knowledge concerning relations between climate and phenological phasesbetween climate and phenological phases

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+JRCIspra

Cost725 27 participating countries and institutions

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3 Working Groups3 Working Groups

WG 1:WG 1: Inventory of data and metadataInventory of data and metadataWG 2:WG 2: Guidelines for data selection,Guidelines for data selection,

observations and archiving, observations and archiving, building up the database building up the database

WG 3:WG 3: Applications of phenological dataApplications of phenological data (e.g. in climate change research) (e.g. in climate change research)

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WG 1 WG 1 Inventory Inventory of data of data and and metadatametadata

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WG 1 WG 1 Inventory of data and metadataInventory of data and metadatahistory of the national and international phenological networks in Europe, history of the national and international phenological networks in Europe, example Swedenexample Sweden

The Swedish naturalist Carl von Linnaeus is regarded as ‘the father of phenology’. In his Philosophia Botanica (1751), he advocated that observations of first flowering, leafing, fruiting and leaf-fall should be made all over Sweden, along with local weather. Two subsequent Linnaean dissertations: Vernatio Arborum, defended by Harald Barck in 1753, and Calendarium Florae, defended by Alexander Malachias in 1756, treated phenology. The former is a compilation of results of inquiries made throughout Sweden on the vernalisation of trees and shrubs, together with meteorological data, to aid in determination of times to plant grains and related crops. The latter, the most reprinted of all Linnaean dissertations and based on observations made in Uppsala in 1755, provided an enumeration of the flowering times of plants in each of the four seasons, and by month within each season. According to Schnelle (1955), Linnaeus initiated 18 different phenology stations in Sweden, which where working for several years.

A. Dahl, O. LangvallA. Dahl, O. Langvall

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725WG 1 WG 1 Inventory of data and metadataInventory of data and metadatahistory of the national and international phenological networks in Europehistory of the national and international phenological networks in Europe

Ephemerides Ephemerides

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WG 1 Inventory of data and metadataWG 1 Inventory of data and metadatahistory of the national and international phenological networks in Europe, history of the national and international phenological networks in Europe, example k.k. monarchyexample k.k. monarchy

K. Fritsch, 1857K. Fritsch, 1857

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WG 1 Inventory of data and metadataWG 1 Inventory of data and metadatahistory of the national and international phenological networks in Europe, history of the national and international phenological networks in Europe, example Hoffmann & Ihne (1883-1941)example Hoffmann & Ihne (1883-1941)

Stations Stations with a with a minimum of minimum of 5 years of 5 years of obs. data obs. data stored in the stored in the HPDB of HPDB of DWDDWD(K.Zimmermann, (K.Zimmermann, S. Zach)S. Zach)

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725WG 2:WG 2: Guidelines for data selection, Guidelines for data selection,

observations and archiving,observations and archiving, building up the databasebuilding up the database

Data selectionData selection5 groups of plants:5 groups of plants:Wild growing plantsWild growing plantsFruit trees Fruit trees Winter cerealWinter cerealMaizeMaizeMeadowMeadowNorthern plants / Southern plantsNorthern plants / Southern plantsPhases according to BBCH – scalePhases according to BBCH – scale(B(Biologische Bundesanstalt, iologische Bundesanstalt, BBundessortenamt and undessortenamt and CHCHemical Industry) emical Industry)

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observations and archivingobservations and archiving

cooperation with WMO –CCl 3rd edition ofcooperation with WMO –CCl 3rd edition of GUIDE TO CLIMATOLOGICAL PRACTICESGUIDE TO CLIMATOLOGICAL PRACTICES   PART I: BASIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICESPART I: BASIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES 2.2.1.4.1 Phenological Data2.2.1.4.1 Phenological Data

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WG2 BuildingWG2 Buildingthe databasethe database

present status present status 7687248 data 7687248 data in total from 15 in total from 15 countries plus countries plus IPG from 7285 IPG from 7285 observation observation sitessites

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WG2 WG2 BuildingBuildingthe databasethe database

List of List of plants in the plants in the common common databasedatabase

Table 1: List of plants selected for the common database native plants fruit trees northern plants

Aesculus hippocastanum Malus x domestica (early cultivar ) Calluna vulgaris Alnus glutinosa Malus x domestica (late cultivar ) Cornus suecica Alopecurus pratensis Prunus avium (Cerasus avium) (early cultivar ) Epilobium angustifolium

Ambrosia artemisiifolia Prunus avium (Cerasus avium) (late cultivar ) Fragaria vesca Artemisia vulgaris Vitis vinifera (cultivar ) Geranium sylvaticum Betula pendula (B. verrucosa, B. alba) Prunus domestica (early cultivar ) Juniperis communis

Corylus avellana Prunus domestica (late cultivar ) Vaccinium myrtillus Fagus sylvatica Pyrus communis (early cultivar ) Populus tremula

Forsythia suspensa Pyrus communis (late cultivar )

Picea abies (P.excelsa) Ribes rubrum

Quercus robur (Q.peduncula)

Sambucus nigra agricultural crops southern plants

Dactylis glomerata Hordeum vulgare (spring, cultivar ) Laurus nobilis Tussilago farfara Hordeum vulgare (winter, cultivar ) Olea europea

Acer platanoides Secale cereale (spring, cultivar Prunus amygdalis/dulcis Acer pseudoplatanus Secale cereale (winter, cultivar ) Rosmarinus officinalis

Alnus incana Triticum aestivum (winter, cultivar )

Anemone nemorosa Avena sativa (spring, cultivar ) Betula pubescens Avena sativa (winter, cultivar )

Fraxinus excelsior Beta vulgaris (cultivar ) Galanthus nivalis Helianthus annuus (cultivar ) Larix decidua Solanum tuberosum (early, cultivar )

Prunus spinosa Solanum tuberosum (late, cultivar ) Robinia pseudoacacia Zea mays Salix caprea Meadow

Sorbus aucuparia Syringa vulgaris Taraxacum officinale

Tilia cordata

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12

40

5

10

15

visual control no visual control

visual controlvisual control

4

3

4

1112

5

no control

comparison of the data

use of climatic models

timing check

corr.-infeasivle dates

corect sequence

interphase duration

allowed period (constraints)

logical control: elimination of rough errorslogical control: elimination of rough errors

A. Zust, 2006A. Zust, 2006

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quality quality checks checks in in develodevelopmentpment

2

111

11

no statistical control

expected range of phen. dates

data corelation methods

optimal data fitting

outliers detection (3 sigma)7

2313

0

4

8

12

16

20 nothing

contacting the observer

possibility /doublecheck/idividual/bioclimatological analysisflag

exclude - separate the data

11

11111

spatial coherence / isophenasmapsoptimal data fitting

comparable stations

latitude bands

GIS tools

no control

treatment oftreatment of outliersoutliers

spatial controlspatial control

statistical control: elimination of statistical control: elimination of extreme values – outliersextreme values – outliers

Most frequent used visual and logical, Most frequent used visual and logical, less used statistical and spatial controlless used statistical and spatial control

methods are frequently combined with methods are frequently combined with each other - individual data treatment - each other - individual data treatment - need of very experienced need of very experienced phenologistsphenologists

A. Zust, 2006A. Zust, 2006

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Fitter & Fitter 2002Fitter & Fitter 2002

A B C

average conditions

A‘ B‘ C‘

Freq

uenc

yFr

eque

ncy

Onset[DOY]

Onset[DOY]

recent yearsa b c

A B C

average conditions

A‘ B‘ C‘

Freq

uenc

yFr

eque

ncy

Onset[DOY]

Onset[DOY]

recent yearsa b c

Earlier springs - Earlier springs - larger spatial variabilitylarger spatial variability

Menzel et al. GEB 2006Menzel et al. GEB 2006

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SSW – SSW – NNE North NNE North Atlantic Atlantic Oscillation Oscillation (NAO) (NAO) affects the affects the progress of progress of seasons seasons across across Europe Europe (A.Menzel (A.Menzel et al., in et al., in Global Global Change Change Biology Biology 2005)2005)

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WG 3: WG 3: Applications of phenological dataApplications of phenological data

 

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WG 3: WG 3: Applications of phenological dataApplications of phenological data

 

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WG 3: WG 3: Applications of phenological dataApplications of phenological data

 

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National acitivities: www.zamg.ac.at/phaeno_portal National acitivities: www.zamg.ac.at/phaeno_portal

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OutlookOutlook

Report of history of national phenological networksReport of history of national phenological networksApplication of checking routinesApplication of checking routinesWeb portal (now ftp) of reference dataWeb portal (now ftp) of reference dataPublishing of applicationsPublishing of applications......Final workshop in spring 2009 in GermanyFinal workshop in spring 2009 in Germany

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Dissemination of resultsDissemination of resultsWebsite Website www.cost725.orgFlyerFlyerPublications, Presentations on Publications, Presentations on international conferences and international conferences and workshops workshops Reports in the mediaReports in the mediahttp://news.bbc.co.uk/go/em/fr/-/2/hi/science/nature/5279390.stmhttp://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/erde/0,1518,434003,00.html http://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=EN_NEWS&ACTION=D&SESSION=&RCN=26226 http://news.orf.at/?href=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.orf.at%2Fticker%2F227902.html

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•Thanks for Thanks for your attentionyour attention