7/5: Ch. 2 Fundamentals of IS

• What is a system?

• What is an information system?

ENVIRONMENT

What is a system?

• define

• input/processing/output

• feedback & control

• environment

• open, adaptive systems

PROCESSINGINPUT OUTPUT

FEEDBACK &CONTROL

What is an information system?

• people: end users & IS specialists

• data: databases, knowledge bases

• hardware: machines & media

• software: programs, procedures

• networks: media, support (inc. hardware, software, people, data)

What are components of an IS?

• input: data entry

• processing: adding, comparing, sorting, classifying, summarizing, updating

• output: reports, displays

• storage: file type, media

• control: feedback, adjustments

Information Quality

• Time– timeliness, currency, frequency, time period

• Content– accuracy, relevance, completeness, conciseness, scope

• Form– clarity, detail, order, presentation, media

Small Groups• American General Insurance (p. 53)• Creative Computers (p. 69)• Jefferson State University (p. 72)• Office Products Corporation (p. 72)

• In each scenario, identify the people, data resources, hardware, software, and networks. Also, identify the information products.

• In each scenario, identify the input, processing, output, storage, and control activities.

History of (Computer-based) IS• data processing (1950’s)

– record keeping, accounting, transaction processing

• management reporting (1960’s)– predefined reports

• decision support systems (1970’s)– on-the-fly managerial information

• end-user computing (1980’s)– executive information systems,

– expert systems, strategic information systems

• enterprise computing (1990’s)– networked all-of-the-above

Types of IS

• Operations Support Systems– Transaction Processing Systems– Process Control Systems– Enterprise Collaboration Systems

• Managerial Support Systems– Management Information Systems– Decision Support Systems– Executive Information Systems

OSS: Transaction Processing

• purchases

• sales

• inventory changes

• batch processing – do in bulk at one time

• realtime processing – do at the time of transaction– POS systems

image courtesy of http://www.s390.ibm.com/products/tpf/tpfhp.html

OSS: Process Control Systems

• automatic triggers in system– inventory

replenishment– manufacturing

decisions (whichline to run)

image courtesy of http://www.ints.com/washtec.htm

OSS: Enterprise Collaboration Systems

• Communication enhancements

• Resource sharing

• Coordination enhancements

• Virtual teams

• Groupware

MSS: Management Information Systems

• ‘canned’ reports

• timing: 3 options– on demand– when limits are hit– periodically

image courtesy of http://www.ints.com/ws_reports.htm

MSS: Decision Support Systems

• interactive

• ad hoc basis

• unstructured

• spreadsheets

image courtesy of http://rbac.com/index.htm

MSS: Executive Information Systems

• for executives

• graphics-intensive

• easy to use

Expert Systems

• knowledge-based information system

• computer-based expert that helps in– troubleshooting– what-if analysis– problem remediation

                                    

image courtesy of http://www.aiinc.ca/cgi-bin/acqweb.cgi

Knowledge Management Systems

• a way to increase communication of information– Internet/intranets web sites– discussion groups– knowledge bases

image courtesy of http://www.ke.com.au/texpress/index.html

Strategic Information Systems

• products or services that provide market edge