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CellsCells

W Richards

Worthing High School

Please note – some of the animation effects used here only work in PP XP

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Using a microscopeUsing a microscope

1. Eyepiece

3. Focus adjustor

2. Arm

4. Base5. Mirror

6. Stage

7. Lenses

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4)1)

5)

6)

2)

3)

Plant cells vs. Animal Plant cells vs. Animal cellscells

Both types of cell have these: Only plant cells have these:

Cell wall – provides support

Large Vacuole – contains sap

Chloroplasts – contain chlorophyll

Cell Membrane – holds the cell together

Cytoplasm - this is where the reactions happen

Nucleus – The “brain” of the cell

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Specialised cellsSpecialised cellsConsider the root hair cell:

It is “suited” to its job of taking in water and nutrients in 2 ways:

1) It has a large surface area

2) It has a thin cell membrane

The sperm cell is another example of a specialised cell:

Strong tail for swimming

Vacuole containing enzymes

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More specialised animal More specialised animal cellscells

Red Blood Cell

Carries oxygen around the body

No nucleus and large surface area

I.D:

Function:

Features:

White blood cell

Egg cell (ovum)

Ciliated epithelial cell

Nerve cell (neurone)

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Cells, tissues, organs and Cells, tissues, organs and systemssystems

Basically, all living things are made up of cells…

A group of CELLS makes up a TISSUE

A group of TISSUES makes up an ORGAN

A group of ORGANS makes up a SYSTEM

A group of SYSTEMS make up an ORGANISM

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Another exampleAnother exampleHere’s another example in humans:

Muscle cells

Muscle tissue

Organ

System

Organism

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Cell growthCell growthAnimal cells:

Plant cells:

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Plant reproductionPlant reproductionFor a plant to reproduce two stages must happen:

Stage 1: Pollination – pollen from one plant is taken to another by insects or the wind:

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Plant reproductionPlant reproductionStage 2: Fertilisation – a pollen tube grows down through the style and the pollen grain (which contains the male sex cell) travels down the tube to fertilise the female egg cell:

Ovaries