powerpoint 7a

the age of faith and the renaissance

SAYRE CHAPTERS 18 & 19

the visual record

chapter 18

byzantine and islamic art (475 CE – 900 CE)

characteristics chief artists major works historical context

basilicas; mosaics; drama-less representations;

symbolic, mystical art; mosques; maze-like

patterns and tessellations; Islamic architecture

• Anthemius of Tralles• Isidore of Miletus• most artists in this

period are still not recognized

• Catacomb frescoes • Sarcophagus of Junius

Bassus• "Trinity Sarcophagus“• The Vienna Genesis and

The Rossano Gospels (illuminated manuscripts)

• Umayyad Mosque, also known as the Grand Mosque of Damascus

After the fall of Rome, Justinian I tries to re-conquer the lost, Western half of the classical Roman Empire. The Eastern Roman Empire or the Byzantine Empire was centered around Constantinople and ruled by Emperors of succession after the Western, classical Roman Empire. Christianity spreads throughout the both Roman Empires and the First Council of Nicea is held in 325 CE. Two hundred years later Muhammad is born and by 644 CE the first Qur'an is fully established. Islamic artists were trained in the Byzantine styles.

the visual record

chapter 18

carolingian and ottonian art (780 CE – 1024 CE)

characteristics chief artists major works historical context

illuminated manuscripts; metalwork; small-scale sculpture; minuscules;

mosaics; frescos; predominately Byzantine

architecture utilizing domes, friezes and

basillicas; religious imagery dominates

• most artists in this period are still not recognized

• Lorsch Abbey• Palatine Chapel in

Aachen• Einhard's Basilica• Benedictine Convent of

Saint John• Aachen Gospels• Lorsch Gospels

Charlemagne establishes the Frankish Empire covering most of Northern and Central Europe. After conquering Italy he is crowned Emperor by the Pope. This ushers in the Carolingian Renaissance – a brief period of rebirth of art, religion and culture. This paved the way for the Ottonian Dynasty – a series of successions by Germanic Kings. The Catholic Church serves as the unifying principle and body for the loosely connected kingdoms of Europe.

the visual record

chapter 18

romanesque art (1000 CE – 1200 CE)

characteristics chief artists major works historical context

retained much of the Roman and Byzantine

architectural styles; lavishly decorated manuscripts;

illuminated manuscripts; stained-glass; crucifixes;

metalwork and enameling; religious imagery

dominates

• Nicholas of Verdun• Master Hugo• Meister von Daphni• Byzantinischer Meister• Master of Pedret

• Winchester Bible • Midwives Bathing the

New-born Christ • Christ Pantocrator• The Virgin and Child in

Majesty and the Adoration of the Maji

During this period, Europe was prosperous. As monasteries become increasingly more important, the spread of Catholicism and patronage of art continues throughout Western and Central Europe.

the visual record

chapter 18

gothic art (1100 CE – 1518 CE)

characteristics chief artists major works historical context

monumental sculpture; panel painting; stained

glass; fresco; altarpieces; engravings; oil painting;

cathedrals; gothic architecture; religious

imagery dominates; birth of the International Gothic

Style

• Simone Martini• Jörg Syrlin the Elder • Claus Sluter• Gislebertus • Giotto di Bondone• Gentile da Fabriano

• Church of Saint-Florent in Niederhaslach

• Garden of Gethsemane from the Ulmer Münster

• Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France

• Basilica of St.-Denis, Paris, France

This is the Medieval Period typified by such events as: Crusades I–IV (1095–1204 CE), the Black Death (1347–1351 CE, and the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453 CE).Cities, universities, a money-based economy and trade guilds give rise to a bourgeois class.

the visual record

chapter 19

early & northern renaissance (1400 CE – 1550 CE)

characteristics chief artists major works historical context

Early Netherlandish painting style; realism and

naturalism surfaces in painting methods,

especially concerning proportion, harmony and

compositional balance

• Master of Flémalle (Robert Campin)

• Jan van Eyck• Rogier van der Weyden• Albrecht Dürer • Hieronymus Bosch• Pieter Bruegel the

Elder

• The Mérode Altarpiece• Portrait of a Man in a

Turban • La Madone au

Chanoine Van der Paele

• The Arnolfini Portrait• Melencolia I• The Garden of Earthly

Delights

Much of Germany remains dominated by city-states, but nation-states begin emerging throughout Western and Central Europe. During this time period notable events include: Gutenberg developing the printing-press, Columbus lands in the New World and the Age of Discovery, and Martin Luther ushers in the Protestant Reformation.

the visual record

chapter 19

early italian & high renaissance (1400 CE – 1550 CE)

characteristics chief artists major works historical context

rebirth of classical subject matter; Italian rebirth of

Greek and Roman humanism; study of the

humanities; linear perspective; chiaroscuro;

sfumato

• Brunelleschi• Donatello • Botticelli• Leonardo da Vinci• Michelangelo• Raphael• Titian • Caravaggio

• The Last Judgment• The Creation of Adam • Ghiberti's Gates of

Paradise• The Mona Lisa • The Last Supper • various Davids• The School of Athens • Zuccone

The Italian Renaissances begin in Tuscany and spread from Florence and Siena to the rest of Europe, in varying degrees. It is a period of high cultural achievement as advances are made in: literature, music, art, drama, architecture and engineering. International travel, trade and communication becomes prevalent as there is a rebirth of idealism and humanism from the philosophies of Antiquity.

the visual record

chapter 19

mannerism and the baroque (1527 – 1580 CE, 1600 – 1750 CE)

characteristics chief artists major works historical context

though retaining much of the realism and intellectual

principles applied during the Renaissance, mannerism frees itself from naturalism through color usage and representation of time and space; the baroque emphasized drama, energy and

dynamics in figure and composition

• Jacopo da Pontormo• Rosso Fiorentino• Tintoretto• El Greco• Benvenuto Cellini• Bernini • Peter Paul Rubens• Rembrandt

• The Last Judgment• Perseus with the Head of

Medusa • Susanna and the elders• Ecstasy of St. Teresa• Venus in the Mirror• Adoration (Rubens) • Aeneas flees burning

Troy

The end of the Renaissance is not easily defined. For instance, there were great achievements made in Northern Europe prior to the Italian High Renaissance, however as the Italian Renaissance was fading, many of its philosophies were brought north, giving a new rebirth to the arts in countries like Germany, the Netherlands and Poland. During this time, Copernicus proves the Earth revolves around the Sun, Magellan circumnavigates the globe, and the Thirty Years’ War between Catholics and Protestants ensues.