8th Grade Final Exam Review

Review 13-16

Compromise- Settlement in which each side gives up some of their demands in order to reach an agreement

Secede-To withdrawUnderground Railroad- Secret network

of people who helped runaway slaves to reach freedom in the North or Canada

Abolition- Anti-Slavery

Review

Popular Sovereignty- Control by the people, allowing each territory to decide for itself whether or not to allow slavery

Uncle Tom’s Cabin- Anti-slavery book written by Harriet Beecher Stow

Review

What was a negative result from the invention of the Cotton gin? Increase in slavery

What was Lincoln's main goal during the Civil War? Preserve the Union

What were three advantages of the North at the start of the Civil War? More citizens, more factories, more railroads, more

materials

Review

What were two advantages of the South at the beginning of the Civil War?They were fighting a defensive war, the

citizens had good skills for soldiers Why did the North blockade southern

ports during the Civil War?To prevent the South from getting goods

Review

What were two southern strategies during the Civil War?Wait to be attacked and rely on Europe for

goods What was the turning point of the Civil

War?Gettysburg, the war changed from

preserving the Union to an Anti-slavery campaign

Review-Chapter 17

Reconstruction- Period after the Civil War when the South was rebuilt-Also a federal program to rebuild the South

Ku Klux Klan- Secret groups first set up in the South after the Civil War, terrorized African Americans and other minorities

Freedmen’s Bureau- Agency to help former slaves

Review

“Pull Factors”- Condition that attracts people to a new area

“Old Immigrants”-People who came from Northern and Western Europe- England, France, Spain, Germany and Scandinavia

“New Immigrants”- People who came from Southern and Eastern Europe- Italians, Poles, and Eastern European Jews

How have many people throughout history sought to limit immigration? Immigration laws and restrictions

Review

Muckraker- Person who reported on corrupt politicians and other problems of cities

Reform- To changeThe Jungle- Book written by Upton

Sinclair about the corruption of the American meatpacking industry during the early 20th century

Review

Primary- Election held before a general election in which voters chose their party’s candidate for office.

Suffrage- Right to vote

Review- Chapter 22

Yellow Journalism- Sensational style of reporting used by some newspapers in the late 1800’s

Spanish American War- War between Spain and the US over the freeing of Cuba. –Result- Spain gave up land to the US.

Big Stick Policy- The idea that you should peacefully negotiate while also making sure to threaten the government.-Theodore Roosevelt

Review

Panama Canal- Canal that connects the Atlantic to the Pacific- Paid for by the United States

Imperialism- Policy by which one country takes control of the economic and political affairs of another country or region

Open Door Policy- Policy toward China that allowed a nation to trade in any other nations “Sphere of Influence”

Review- Chapter 23

“Main” causes of WWI-The Alliance System in Southern Europe

and the Assassination of Archduke Fredrick Ferdinand

Neutral- Choosing not to fight on either side in a war

Review-Chapter 25

Great Depression- Period of Economic hard times from 1929-1941

Dust Bowl- Severe drought and high winds caused blinding dust storms in the Great Plains causing people to move away

“Okies”-Farmers from Oklahoma who had to move farther West because of the Dust Bowl

Review

New Deal- Programs made by FDR during the Depression- Relief, Reform and Recovery

Alphabet Agencies- Programs made by FDR part of the New Deal, for recovery

Social Security Act- Law that provided for the elderly and unemployed

Review

What were two causes of the Great Depression?Speculation, Stock market, Buying on

marginHow did Hoover and Roosevelt differ in

their response to the Great Depression?Hoover was hands off by the government,

FDR believed the government should help the citizens

Review-Ch 26

Appeasement- Practice of giving into aggressor nations demands in order to maintain peace

Neutrality- Not joining any side during a war

“Rosie the Riveter”- Woman propaganda during WWII to tell women to do their part

Review

Kamikaze- Japanese suicide killer Blitzkrieg- German word for lighting war- or

fast attacks to win the war Holocaust- Hitler's mass killing of Jews D-Day- Day the Allies began the invasion of

Europe in WWII Axis powers- Nations that fought against the

Allies in WWII- Germany, Italy and Japan

Review

Island Hopping- Allied WWII strategy to capture some Japanese held islands and going around others

What caused the U.S. to become involved in WWII? Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

What role did American industry play during WWII?Backed up allies, troops, supplies, etc

Review

Cold WarBetween the United States and the Soviet

UnionThe United States is DemocraticThe Soviet Union was CommunistThese two countries fought indirectly