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Today’s AgendaJournal Questions: a. What is the function of the heart?b. How many chambers are there in the

human heart?*1. Lecture on the “Circulatory System”

-Slide 42 2. Homework: Complete Study Guide

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Circulatory Systems By: Dr. Rick Woodward

Transport Systems in Animals

“Circulation”

Heart DiseaseA. The Silent Killer

B. Atherosclerosis: Building up of cholesterol/plaque within the artery walls.

C. Symptoms:

(1) High Blood Pressure

-Increased blood pressure due to the narrow diameter of the

artery.

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Heart Disease: Atherosclerosis

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What is cholesterol?A. Cholesterol is a fatty, waxy non-polar

substance manufactured by the liver.

B. The liver produces about 1,000 mg daily, which is sufficient for cell membrane and hormone development.

C. Because cholesterol is waxy, it doesn't readily dissolve in blood.

D. Cholesterol combines with certain proteins to form lipoproteins, which are more soluble and able to enter the bloodstream

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Cholesterol LevelsA. Levels less than 200 mg/dl =

Low Risk of heart disease

B. 240 mg/dl and above = High blood cholesterol.

(1) A person with this level has more than twice the risk of coronary heart disease as someone whose cholesterol is below 200 mg/dL.

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Causes of Death in the United States

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41.1 41.122.9

57.039.0 31.6

101.5

130.0

0

50

100

150

200

Coronary HeartDisease

Stroke Lung Cancer Breast Cancer

Per

100

,000

Pop

ulat

ion

White Females Black Females

Age-adjusted death rates for CHD, stroke, lung and breast Age-adjusted death rates for CHD, stroke, lung and breast

for white and black females for white and black females ((United States: 2006).United States: 2006).Source: NCHS. Source: NCHS.

Death from Diseases of the Heart 2010

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5117

7

74

14

Coronary Heart Disease

Stroke

HF*

High Blood Pressure

Diseases of the Arteries

Other

Causes of Death in the U.S. 2010

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290,069

59,260

269,819

398,563

78,94136,006

432,709

65,32351,281

42,658

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

A B C D E A B D F C

Dea

ths

Males Females

A CVD (I00-I99; Q20-Q28)A CVD (I00-I99; Q20-Q28)B CancerB CancerC AccidentsC Accidents

D Chronic Lower Respiratory D Chronic Lower Respiratory DiseasesDiseasesE Diabetes MellitusE Diabetes MellitusF Alzheimer’s DiseaseF Alzheimer’s Disease

Symptoms of Coronary Artery (Heart) Disease:

1. Angina (Chest Pain)

– Most Common Sign.

(Can be mistaken for heart burn)

2. Palpitations (Irregular heart beats)

3. Faster Heart Beat.

4. Weakness & Dizziness

5. Nausea

6. Sweating

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Cell Requirements:1. Each cell requires a supply of

oxygen and food molecules.

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Cell Requirements:2. The cells must get rid of

waste products.

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Cell Requirements:3. In all animals that

have a transport system, two parts are essential:

(1) Circulating Fluid

(2) One or more hearts to pump the blood.

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The Circulatory SystemA. The transport system of

animals is called the circulatory system.

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Open Circulatory SystemA. Blood sloshes around freely in

a body cavity.B. Example: Grasshopper’s Open

Circulatory System(1)The blood is pumped toward the head by a dorsal, segmented heart, into the aorta, the only blood vessel in its body. (2) From the aorta, blood empties into the insect’s body cavity.

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Closed Circulatory SystemA. Blood is enclosed at all

times within vessels.

B. Example: Humans

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Closed Circulatory SystemC. Circulation in vertebrates is

made up of:

1. Heart

a. Atrium: Thin-walled chamber receiving and collecting blood.

b. Ventricle: Larger, more muscular, thicker walled chamber, it pumps blood to the body.

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Closed Circulatory System

2. Arteries: Transport oxygenated blood away from the heart.

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Closed Circulatory System3. Veins transport deoxygenated

blood back to the heart.

a. One-way valves keep the blood from flowing backwards.

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Closed Circulatory System4. Capillaries: Consist of a

single cell layer.

a. Function: Exchange of materials

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Types of Hearts

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Different Types of Hearts:

1. Hearts with 2 chambers: Fish (only have one atrium and one ventricle)

a. Low pressure, low energy demands.

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Different Types of Hearts:2. Hearts with 3 chambers:

Amphibians

(Two atria and one ventricle)

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Different Types of Hearts:

3. Heart with 4 chambers: Mammals

a. High Pressure, Double Circulation:

(1) Once through the lungs and once through the body tissues.

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CirculationA. Animals in which body

temperature is determined by the environment are called “ectotherms,” or cold-blooded.

(1) Reptiles, Amphibians

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Circulation in Mammals A. Mammals are endotherms

(warm-blooded)

(1) Maintain a constant body temperature and have high energy demands.

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Circulation in MammalsB. In humans, blood goes to

and from the lungs.

-Called “Pulmonary Circulation”

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Circulation in MammalsC. There is

circulation of blood to and from all the organs, tissues, and cells of the body.

Called “Systemic Circulation”

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Circulation in Mammals

D. Thousands of arteries and veins are linked by capillaries within the tissues to form a closed circulatory system.

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Lymphatic SystemA. Excess fluid in the tissues

moves into tiny vessels of the lymphatic system. -This fluid is called lymph.

B. Lymph is moved by the squeezing of skeletal muscles.

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High Blood Pressure is Called “Hypertension”1. Hypertension is the biggest risk

factor in heart disease.

2. Normal (average) blood pressure is around 120/80.

a. The top number “120” refers to the systolic pressure.

(Ventricles Contract)

b. The bottom number “80” refers to the diastolic pressure.

(Atria fill up with blood)

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The Human Circulatory System

Coloring Activity:

Accurately color the heart diagram: (1) Use the color “blue” for deoxygenated blood.

(2) Use the color “red” for oxygenated blood.

The Human Circulatory SystemA. The heart is the muscular pump

of the blood vascular system.

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The Human Circulatory SystemB. It has four chambers:

(1) Two on the right relate to the lungs (Pulmonary Circulation)

(2) Two on the left relate to the rest of the body (Systemic Circulation)

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The Human Circulatory SystemC. Deoxygenated blood from the body

enters the right atrium and is pumped to the lungs by the right ventricle under relatively low pressure.

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The Human Circulatory SystemD. Oxygenated blood returns to the left

atrium and is pumped to the body tissues by the left ventricle under rather high pressure, a fact reflected in the thicker left ventricular walls.

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The Human Circulatory System

E. The bicuspid and tricuspid valves prevent regurgitation of blood back into the atria.

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The Human Circulatory SystemF. The semi-lunar valves prevent

reflux of blood back into the ventricles.

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Electrical Impulses in the HeartA. An action potential is initiated

by the S-A Node, the impulse spreads out over both atria causing them to contract.

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Electrical Impulses in the HeartB. The S-A Node is located in the right

atrial wall and it initiates each cardiac cycle; consequently, it is also known as the pacemaker of the heart.

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Electrical Impulses in the HeartC. The A-V Node sends an

electrical impulse down the septum and up the ventricle walls.

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Film: Body StoryA. Signs and

symptoms of heart disease.

B. List ten facts from today’s film about heart disease:

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