9th meeting

October 30. 2014

Future Emission Road Map (Being Discussed in India)

S/W group 1Vehicle Emissions

S/W group 2Auto exhaust

S/W group 3Refinery

S/W group 4Logistics

ChairmanAuto Fuel Policy 2025 Committee

Expected Release of Auto Fuel Policy 2025 (2014 end)

Final Report Submitted to Minister of Planning for approval.

Member

Uploaded for stake holders comments

(July 2014 )(May 2014 )

Status of Auto Fuel Policy 2025

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Auto Fuel Policy 2025 – Brief

1. April 2015 : BS IV Extension to 50 Cities

2. BS IV+ being considered by Oil companies (~ 40 ppm S Fuel)

3. 2017 : BS IV fuel across the country

4. 2021 : BS V Fuel across the country

5. BS VI : 4 years after BS V Countrywide

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Bharat Stage IV Emission Norms Extension

Since 2010 : 13 cities (Delhi NCR, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Hyderabad, including Secunderabad, Agra, Pune,

Ahmedabad, Surat, Kanpur, Lucknow & Sholapur).

By 2014 : Proposed to be extended to 20 more cities (Puducherry, Mathura, Vapi, Jamnagar, Ankaleshwar, Hisar, Bharatpur, Daman, Diu,

Silvassa, Unnao, Rae Barielly, Aligarh, Karnal, Valsad, Yamuna Nagar, Kurukshetra,

Nizamabad, Medak & Mehboobnagar)

Year 2015 : Northern India, Except Eastern UP & Madhya Pradesh

Year 2016 : Southern India Some regions in Tamil Nadu & Kerala may not get covered.

Year 2017 :Rest of the country Note : It is also learnt that Government is considering to introduce BS IV + fuel,

i.e fuel with 40 ppm Sulphur (instead of 50 ppm Sulphur fuel in BS IV).

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Bharat Stage V Emission Norms

- As BS-V Emission norms proposed - Year 2021,

across the country.

- BS V Fuel produced from 2017 (30%)

- AFP requested for possibility introducing BS-V enabled

from 2017 with after treatment retrofit option for old 4 wheelers

SIAM does not support sporadic introduction of BSV

Emission norms in select cities & retro fitment option

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Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028

BS VI New Models

Fuel

Intr

oduc

tion

VEhi

cle

Intr

oduc

tion

BS IV Fuel Phase in

BS V Fuel Phase in

BS IV All Models

BS V Existing Models

BS V New Models

BS VI Existing Models

SIAM Proposed to Roll Out BS IV, BS V & BS VI Countrywide as follows

SIAM proposal to AFP 2025

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BS V & BS VI Emission Norms for Positive Ignition (PI) Engine Vehicles < 3.5 tons GVW

Norms Category

Class RW in kg CO THC NOx NMHC PM

mg / km

BS V (Euro Vb)

M   All 1,000 100 60 68 4.5

N1 I RW< 1305 1,000 100 60 68 4.5II 1305< RW < 1760 1,810 130 75 90 4.5III 1760 < RW 2,270 160 82 108 4.5

BS VI (Euro VI)

M   All 1,000 100 60 68 4.5

N1 I RW< 1305 1,000 100 60 68 4.5II 1305< RW < 1760 1,810 130 75 90 4.5III 1760 < RW 2,270 160 82 108 4.5

Particulate Matter (PM) standards shall apply to vehicles with Gasoline direct injection engines only

BS V & VI Norms

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Class RW in kg CO NOx THC + Nox PM PN

mg/kmBS V

(Euro Vb)M   All 500 180 230 4.5 6.0 X 1011

N1 I RW< 1305 500 180 230 4.5 6.0 X 1011

II 1305<RW< 1760 630 235 295 4.5 6.0 X 1011

III 1760 < RW 740 280 350 4.5 6.0 X 1011

BS VI (Euro VI)

M   All 500 80 170 4.5 6.0 X 1011

N1 I RW< 1305 500 80 170 4.5 6.0 X 1011

II 1305<RW< 1760 630 105 195 4.5 6.0 X 1011

III 1760 < RW 740 125 215 4.5 6.0 X 1011

BS V & VI Norms

BS V & BS VI Emission Norms for Compression Ignition (CI / Diesel ) Engine Vehicles < 3.5 tons GVW

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Emission Driving Cycle

COg/kWh

NMHC#

g/kWhCH4g/kWh

NOxg/kWh

NH3ppm

PMg/kWh

P No./kWh

BS V(Euro V)

ETC 4.0 0.55 1.1 2.0 --- 0.03 ---

BS VI (Euro VI)

WHTC 4.0 0.16 0.5 0.46 10 0.01 6X1011

        For CNG only

    For diesel only

For diesel only

Emission Norms for Diesel engines

# A manufacturer may choose to measure the mass of total hydrocarbons (THC) instead of measuring the mass of non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC). In this case, the limit for mass of THC should be same as for NMHC

Emission Driving Cycle

COg/kWh

HCg/kWh

NOxg/kWh

NH3

ppm

PMg/kWh

P No. /kWh

BS V (Euro V) ESC 1.5 0.46 2.0 --- 0.02 ---BS VI (Euro VI) WHSC 1.5 0.13 0.4 10 0.01 8X1011

BS V and BS VI Emission Norms Vehicles > 3.5 t GVW

Emission Norms for Diesel, CNG or LPG engines

BS V & VI Norms

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Key Fuel Specifications – BS V

S. No Gasoline   Euro V Proposed BS V

1. Sulphur ppm max 10 10

2. RON Min. 91 91

3. MON Min. 81 81

4. Benzene % vol. max 1

5. Aromatics % vol. max 35 35

6. Olefin % vol. max 18 21

7. Lead g / l max 0.005 0.005

S. No Diesel   Euro V Proposed BS V

1. Density @ 15°C Kg/m3, max 820-845 Report or 860

2. Sulphur ppm max 10 10

3. Cetane No. Min. 51 51

4. T95 °C max 360 370

5. PAH % vol. max 8 11

6. Viscosity @ 40°C

cst 2-4.5 1.8-5.0

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Proposal of Fuel specs

Diesel

Gasoline

Parameter BS-III & IV BS-V Proposed

EU-5

Density @15 , kg/m℃ 3 820-845 860,max 820-845

Kinematic viscosity,@40 , ℃cSt

2.0 - 4.5 1.7 - 5.5 2.0 - 4.5

Min distill recovery v/v, T95 ℃ 360 370 360

Reference for proposed Spec: Japan, China & Korea fuel spec

Parameter BS-III & IV BS-V Proposed

Euro-5

Olefin, % vol. max 21 21 18

RON, Min 91 91 95

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History of Fuel specs

- Auto fuel policy mandate – YR 2000

- Diesel specs mandated for meeting emissions regulations

Parameter BS-II BS-III & IVBS- V & VI (Proposal)

Density @15 , Kg/m℃ 3 820 - 860 820-845 860,max

Kinematic viscosity,@40 , ℃cSt

2.0 - 5.0 2.0 - 4.5 1.7 - 5.5

Min Distill recovery v/v, T95 ℃ 370 360 370

Last AFP recommendation implemented in 2005

Previous AFP stressed on improving Fuel spec to meet stringent regulation

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Findings of Expert Committee on T95

- During the AFP 2025 meetings it was explained that existing data studies were on EURO 1 & EURO II vehicles.

- Data can be extrapolated to EURO IV & beyond because EURO IV & V engine systems are much more severe than EURO I & II engines - Use of CRDI system of higher generations & more close tolerances within engine.

- All the findings done earlier would be even worse for

modern engines.

- Hence Europe has not changed the specifications

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Why Limits of T95, Density & Viscosity important

- Engines are calibrated with Reference fuel with - Density : 833 ~ 837 kg/m3 - T95 : 345oC to 350oC - Viscosity : 2.3 to 3.3 mm2/s

- Sub optimum performance & emission if market fuel is drastically different

- Higher T95 & Viscosity results in: - Higher deposits formation - Deposits also affect DPF & DOC – premature failure - Leads to durability problems of engine components - Nozzle choking by heavier fractions

- OBD Failure - glowing of MIL lamp affects the customer adversely

- Difficult to meet emission durability standard which is more severe for BS V compared to BS IV

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ありがとうございました Thank you for your kind attention

2016

20 Cities

13 Cities

BS IV Emission Norms Extension

16

2015