922105 antioxidants
TRANSCRIPT
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!o modern li"e st#les reduce longevit# $
%ur &lan is to lead a long and 'a& li"e, #et 'o(t'is is to )e done ma# not )e clear "or certain age
grou&s, li"e st#les and s&ecial &ro)lems li*e
cultural dis&utes or lac* o" +o) s*ills -'is &lan
includes desira)le (eig't, regular excercise anda)stinence "rom smo*ing, excessive alco'ol and
elicit drug use !iet education can )e one o" t'e
dominant t'emes Es&eciall# )ene"icial "oods are
so#a, unsaturated "att# acids, &'#tosterols and&'#tosterol esters, carotenoids, &ol#&'enols,
&'#toestrogens and "lavanoids, etc, dietar# "i)er,
vitamins E, C and B, "olic acid and selenium,
&otassium, .inc and magnesium
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/ill #ou last longer i" #ou eat less $
%)esit#, dia)etes mellitus, '#&ertension,
'#&erli&idemia, coronar# arter# disease and
some cancers li*e )reast cancer aresometimes considered life style diseases.
-'e A0!S disaster, 'unger and &over# ma# not
allo( a clear vision o" t'e &resent universal-RANS0-0%N "rom "ocus "rom acute in"ectious
diseases to chronic ones
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Antioxidants are &rotective agents t'at inactivate
reactive ox#gen ions and t'us dela# or &revent
oxidative damage Antioxidant en.#mes li*e
su&eroxide dismutase, catalase and glutat'ione&eroxidase are naturall# &resent (it'in 'uman cells
0n addition, antioxidants suc' as vitamins E and C
1ascor)ic acid2, &ol#&'enols and carotenoids are
availa)le in "ood
Current dietar# guidelines to com)at c'ronic
diseases, including cancer and coronar# arter#
disease 1CA!2, recommend increased inta*e o" &lant
"oods -'is includes "ruits and vegeta)les, ('ic' are
ric' sources o" antioxidants -'e role o" dietar#
antioxidants, including vitamin C, vitamin E,
carotenoids and &ol#&'enols in disease &reventionis em&'asi.ed
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Flavanoids
Flavonols, "lavones and iso"lavones )elongto t'e 3 su)classes o" "lavonoids Flavonols
and "lavones 'ave similar C4ring structure
(it' a dou)le )ond at t'e 543 &osition
Flavones, as o&&osed to "lavonols, lac* a
'#drox#l grou& at t'e 34&osition a+or
"lavonols include 6uercetin
13,7,8,39,:94&enta'#drox#"lavone2,*aem&"erol 13,7,8,:94tetra'#drox#"lav4one2
and m#ricetin
13,7,8,39,:9,794'exa'#drox#"lavone2
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Anot'er im&ortant dietar# antioxidant is
l#co&ene o" tomatoes
-'e most (idel# "ound com&ounds are
"lavonols, "lavones, "lavan434ols,
iso"lavones, "lavanones, "lavanols,ant'oc#anidines and &roant'o4c#anidines
Flavonoids are almost u)i6uitous in &lant
"oods 1vegeta)les, cereals, legumes, "ruits,
nuts, etc2 and )everages 1(ine, cider, )eer,
tea, cocoa, etc2 -reat &otatoes as +ust
starc' ;
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Allium sul&'ur lee*s, onions and garlic
com&ounds<
Ant'oc#anins< egg&lant, gra&es and )erries
Beta4carotene< &um&*in, mangoes, a&ricots, carrots,
s&inac' and &arsle#
Catec'ins< red (ine and tea
Co&&er< sea"ood, lean meat, mil* and nuts
Cr#&toxant'ins< red ca&sicum, &um&*in and mangoes
Flavonoids< tea, green tea, citrus "ruits, red (ine,
onion and a&&les
Sources o" antioxidants
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/'at is a serving $
%ne medium4si.ed "ruit or vegeta)le is t'e
sim&lest "orm o" a serving A serving can )e
=57 ml or =>5 a cu& o" ra(, coo*ed, "ro.en or
canned vegeta)les or "ruit A &er"ectexam&le is a small glass o" orange, carrot or
tomato +uice !rin*ing +uice made "rom
concentrate (ill not do 0nstead, )u# real
+uice (it' &ul& ('ic' includes all t'eessential nutrients -'e serving is a
convenient #et vague term, &er'a&s o"
538457? ml A slice o" )read is a serving
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!iet
=> C'oose a VARIETY o" "oods
5> Balance t'e "ood #ou eat (it' &'#sical
activit# aintain or im&rove #our (eig't
3> C'oose a diet (it' &lent# o" grain&roducts, vegeta)les and "ruit
:> C'oose a diet lo( in "at, saturated "at and
c'olesterol
7> @et a diet moderate in sugars, salt and
sodium
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Lo(er oderate ig'er
=,?? 5,5?? 5,?? calories
@rain @rou& Servings D ==
egeta)le @rou& Servings
3 : 7
il* @rou& Servings543= 543= 543=
eat @rou&5 1ounces2
7 8
-otal Fat3 1grams2
73 83 D3
-otal Added Sugars: 1teas&oons2
=5 =
Fruit @rou& Servings
5 3 :
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Some use"ul lin*s
Antioxidant vitamin t'era
Nutrition and 'ealt' 1in Russian2 'tt&>(((&ittedu>Hsu&er=>lecture>lec=?7:=>index'tm
editerranean diet and cardiovascular disease
&revention'tt&>(((&ittedu>Hsu&er=>lecture>lec35=>index'tm
Li&ids and cardiovascular disease &revention'tt&>(((&ittedu>Hsu&er=>lecture>lec75=>index'tm
and
'tt&>(((&ittedu>Hsu&er=>lecture>lec758=>index'tm
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%)esit# is measured )# t'e Body Mass Index
(BMI). -'e B0 (as invented )# t'e Belgianmat'ematician Iuetelet 1=8D4=8:2 ('o (as
"ortunate enoug' to )e a student o" both La Place
and Fourier -'is universall# a&&lied index is
(eig't in *g over 'eig't in m s6uaredB0 is one o" t'e "e( "actors 1varia)les2 t'at
a&&lies e6uall# to men and (omen
Anot'er measure is t'e Basal Metabolic Rate
(BMR). -'e )asal meta)olic rate is calculated in*ilocalories>da# according to e6uations given )#
arris J Benedict in =D=D But see /eir, K P'#siol
=D:D=?Dmin or *K>da#
Bod# ass 0ndex J Basal eta)olic Rate
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C'olesterol
/'en t'ere is too muc' c'olesterol in t'e)lood, it )uilds u& in t'e (alls o" t'e arteries
to )ecome at'erosclerosis or 'ardening o"
t'e arteries /'en )lood cannot circulate
normall#, t'ere ma# )e c'est &ains and evena 'eart attac*
-'ese values are< -otal c'olesterol L!L 1lo(
densit# )ad ; c'olesterol2 M t'e main source
o" c'olesterol )uildu& and )loc*age in t'e
arteries, !L 1'ig' densit# good ;
c'olesterol2 M 'el&s sto& c'olesterol "rom
)uilding u& in t'e arteries -rigl#cerides areanot'er "orm o" "at in )lood
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%)esit#
-'e central issue mig't )e lac* o" disci&line to
control overeating, )ut t'is conclusion ma# )e(rong Still, eating can )e vie(ed as one more
addiction, and next our societ# ma*es t'is a
moral issue t'us ma*ing it too eas# to insult
"at &eo&le Nevert'eless, t'e "ood addict lives
in 'is own (orld and (ill 'ave to )rea* 'is
o(n c'ains
%)esit# 'as 3?? or more B0, ('ereasover(eig't is 57?45D7 B0 -'e normal range
is =745:D B0 Belo( =7 B0 is t'e
condition anorexia nerviosa in #oung (omen
('o grievousl# undereat
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!ia)etes
0nsulin is not &roduced in -#&e = and not
&ro&erl# used in -#&e 5 dia)etes
ig' car)o'#drate, 'ig' "i)er diets can
reduced insulin dosage )# :? G, "asting )loodglucose )# 458 G and serum c'olesterol )#
=?435 G See also Ken*ins et al, N Engl K ed
=DD3< 35D< 5=45
Li*e o)esit#, dia)etes is an extremel# active
"ield t'at is ex&ected to ta*e great strides
no( Nonet'eless, dia)etes (ill *ill t'ose ('o
do not "ollo( t'eir diet
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At'erosclerosis
At'erosclerosis ta*es &lace in t'e ma+orarteries and is t'e underl#ing cause o" 'eart
attac*s, stro*e and &eri&'eral arter#
disease -'e earliest detecta)le lesions,
called "att# strea*s, contain macro&'age"oam cells t'at are derived "rom recruited
monoc#tes ore advanced lesions, called
"i)ro4"att# &la6ues, are t'e result o"
continued monoc#te recruitment andsmoot' muscle cell migration and
&roli"eration
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#&ertension
%ne central t'eme is enoug' ox#gen "or normalcardiac "unction
Angina &ectoris 'as c'est &ain arising "rom t'e
'eart due to a lac* o" ox#gen to t'e 'eartmuscle 0t can )e )roug't on )# exercise,
emotional u&set or 'eav# meals Normall# t'e
arteries t'at su&&l# )lood to t'e 'eart can co&e
(it' an increased demand, )ut i" coronar# arter#
disease 1CA!2 is &resent or 'ig' )lood &ressure,
t'e )lood "lo( is restricted CA! a""ects men
over age 37 and &ostmeno&ausal (omen
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Stro*e
A stro*e or )rain attac* occurs ('en a )lood
clot )loc*s an arter# or a )lood vessel )rea*s,interru&ting )lood "lo( to an area o" t'e )rain
Brain cells )egin to die, and damage occurs
A)ilities controlled )# t'at area o" t'e )rain are
lost -'ese a)ilities include s&eec', movement
and memor# Some &eo&le recover com&letel#
"rom stro*es, )ut more t'an 5>3 o" survivors (ill
'ave some t#&e o" disa)ilit#-'e ris* o" 'aving a stro*e is &er'a&s = G &er
#ear Reduce c'olesterol -r# an as&irin a da#,
)ut t'is is surel# not "or ever#one
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acular degeneration o" t'e retina
acular degeneration damages and
destro#s t'e central vision o" u& to one in 3
&ersons in t'eir li"etime and 'as no *no(ncause or cure 0t can a""ect an#one,
regardless o" age or sex
See 'tt&>(((e#esig'torg>
http://www.eyesight.org/http://www.eyesight.org/
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Cancer
ore "ruit less meat and ot'er advice "or
general dietar# im&rovement are sim&l#
re&eated "or cancer &revention !ecisive
"acts seem illusive
ore mutations t'an*s to ex&osure o" !NA
to more "ree radicals can lead to various
cancers Still, i" OKust give us t'e "acts is
a&&lied, little mig't )e "ort'coming
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Conclusions
-'e re&lacement o" animal )# &lant &roteins
'as )een reeatedly suggested 0t seemso)vious t'at t'e 'eavil# adverti.ed "oods
are t'e 'ig' calorie ones -'ese tast# 'ig'4
energ# "oods are t'e ones to avoid! ore
"ruits, vegeta)les and "i)er in t'e diet can
com)at t'e o)esit# e&idemic As t'e
develo&ment o" c'ronic li"est#le diseases are
strongl# in"luenced )# diet, and as (eC%N-R%L our diets, t'e timel# dissemination
o" nutritional *no(ledge seems im&erative
U& (it' so# and do(n (it' "ried c'ic*en;
%t'er(ise +ust )lame t'e genes