9419cgroup processes
TRANSCRIPT
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Group Processes
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What is a group?
Group
Two or more individuals, interacting andinterdependent ,who have come togetherto achieve particular objectives
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Classification of Groups
Formal Group: Defined by org.structure
Command Group: Directly reporting
Task Group : For a defined task
Informal Group: For social contact
Interest Group: Specific objective
Friendship : Sharing Common
characteristics
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Why do people join groups ?
Security
Status
Affiliation Power
Goal achievement
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Group Behavior (Positive)
Norms of Behavior the standards that awork group uses to evaluate the behavior ofits members
Group Cohesion the interpersonal gluethat makes members of a group sticktogether
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Group Behavior (Negative)
Social Loafing the failure of a groupmember to contribute personal time, effort,thoughts, or other resources to the group
Loss of Individuality a social process inwhich individual group members lose self-awareness and its accompanying sense of
accountability, inhibition, and responsibilityfor individual behavior
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Group Behavior (Negative)-
Contd.Groupthink phenomenon in which the
norm for consensus overrides the realisticappraisal of alternative course of action
Groupshift a change in decision riskbetween the groups decision and theindividual decision that members within the
group would make; can be either towardconservatism or greater risk
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3Issues Addressed
by Groups
Interpersonal issues(Matters of trust, personal comfort, and security)
Task issues
(Mission or purpose, methods, expectedoutcomes)
Authority issues(Leadership, managing power and influence,communication flow)
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Tuckmans Five-Stage
Model of Group Development
Forming Storming AdjourningPerformingNorming
Intra-
group
Conflict
Increased
clarity ofpurpose
Power
struggles
Coaching
Little
agreement
Unclear
purpose
Guidance
and
direction
Clear vision
and purpose
Focus on
goal
achievement
Delegation
Agreement
and
consensus
Clear roles
andresponsibili-
ties
Facilitation
Task
completion
Good
feeling about
achievements
Recognition
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STAGES IN GROUP DEVELOPMENT
FORMING STORMING
NORMING PERFORMING
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Group Properties shaping
Behaviour of its members
1. Roles
2. Norms
3. Status4. Size
5. Cohesiveness
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1.Roles
A set of expected behaviour
pattern attributed to someoneoccupying a given position ina social unit.
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Role Identity
Certain attitudes and behaviour
consistent with a role
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Role Perception
An individuals view of how he or
she is supposed to act in a given
situation
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Role Expectations
How others believe a personshould act in a given situation
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2.Norms
Acceptable standards of behaviourwithin a group that are shared bythe groups members.
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Hawthrone Studies
Western Electric Co. in Chicago between 1924-32
Three studies
Illumination and other physical factors to studyproductivity-1924-27 (Elton Mayo was invited)
Introduction of control and experiment group-0.06 foot candle (moonlight)
Second study-Relay Assembly test room-1927-
32, 5 women , working conditions were altered,no official supervisor, special privileges-productivity increased
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Hawthrone Studies (contd.)
The Bank Wiring Room Study-1931-32, 14 men,
no intervention from observer, norm emerged as
6600 units per person when the payment was on
unit rate, some wanted to produce more but theybecame victim of harassment
Main criticism is the research design with small
sample size
Foundation of psychological behavior at
workplace
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Common Classes ofNorms
Performance Norms
Appearance Norms Social Arrangement Norms Application of Resource Norms
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Conformity
Adjusting ones behaviour to
align with the norms of thegroup.
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Deviant Workplace Behaviour
Voluntary behaviour that violates
significant organisational normsand, in doing so, threats the wellbeing of the organisation or its
members
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3.Status
A socially defined position or rank
given to group members by others
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Effect ofStatus
1. Status and Norms2. Status and Group Interaction
3. Status and Inequity4. Status and Culture
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4.Size
Affect of size on group performanceis contingent
Social Loafing
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5.Cohesiveness
Degree to which group members are
attracted to each other and are motivatedto stay in the group
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Asian Perspective of Group
Working
Kinship
Adherence to group norms
Less well defined roles Stress on harmony