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16 October 2012 1

Generation of

Electricity from Coal

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In this Presentation

Basic of Power Generation

Basic information on Coal/Fuel Oil

Combustion Process Boilers

Power Plant Cycle

Turbines

Turbogenerator

Transmission of Power

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How generated electricity

reaches customer

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16 October 2012 4

Coal to Electricity .. Basics

Coal

ChemicalEnergy

Super HeatedSteam

Pollutants

ThermalEnergy

TurbineTorque

Heat Loss In

Condenser

KineticEnergy

ElectricalEnergy

Alternating currentin Stator

Mech. Energy

LossASHHeat

Loss

Elect. Energy

Loss

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Simplified Diagram

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Why Coal?

Share of Coal in Power

Generation

Advantages of CoalFuel

Abundant availability

Low cost

Technology for PowerGeneration welldeveloped.

Easy to handle, transport,store and use

Shortcomings of Coal

Low Calorific Value

Large quantity to behandled

Produces pollutants, ash

Disposal of ash isproblematic

Reserves depleting fast

Indias Coal Reserves are estimated to be 206 billion tonnes. Present consumption isabout 450 million tonnes.

Cost of coal for producing 1 unit of electricity (Cost of coal Rs 1000/MT)is Rs 0.75.

Cost of Gas for producing 1 unit of electricity (Cost of Gas Rs 6/SMC)is Rs 1.20.

Coal

55%

Gas

10%

Diesel1%

Hydel

26%

RES

5%

Nuclear

3%

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Knowing more about Coal

CoalTransportation

Rail

Truck

Conveyor

Ship

Coal production

Surface Mining

Underground Mining

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16 October 2012 8

Coal for combustion

Anthracite

Semi-anthracite

Bituminous

Semi-Bituminous

Lignite

Peat

High CV, low VM

High CV, low VM

Medium CV, medium VM

Medium CV, medium VM Low CV, high VM

Very low CV, high VM

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Combustion of coal

Carbon, hydrogen, sulphur are sources ofheat on combustion

Surface moisture removed on heatingduring pulverization.

Inherent moisture and volatiles arereleased at higher temperature, making

coal porous and leading to char/ cokeformation.

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16 October 2012 11

Flame Inside Furnace

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Fuel Oil

Three liquid fuels used in power plants 1. Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) 2. LSHS (Low Sulfur Heavy stock) 3. High speed Diesel (HSD)

Oil firing is preceded by Lowering viscosity and increasing flowability

on heating for better combustion(125oC) Droplet formation on atomization (by steam/

compressed air/ mechanical pressurization) Combustion initiation by High energy spark

ignition

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Types of Boilers

Fire-Tube Boilers

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Types of Boilers

Electric Boilers

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Types of Boilers

Water Tube Boiler

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Tangential Firing System

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Steam Flows from Boiler to turbine

Bypass Turbine

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Impulse and

Reaction Turbine

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Turbines_impulse_v_reaction.png

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Turbine are multistage

The steam turbine is a

form of heat engine that

derives much of its

improvement inthermodynamic efficiency

from the use of multiple

stages in the expansion

of the steam

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Dampfturbine_Laeufer01.jpg

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Generator Transformer

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Electrical Systems in Power Plant

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Transmission Of Electricity

Transmission Voltages:

750KV,400KV,220KV

132KV,33KV,11KV440V

Power= Voltage X Current

Loss = Current^2 X Resistance

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THANK YOU