Human Development Recovery Needs Assessments

(HRNA)

United Nations Development Programme Bureau for Crisis Prevention & Recovery

Bangkok, ThailandNovember 2010

Presentation Aim

To introduce and justify Human Development Recovery Needs Assessments (HRNA) as a key element of PDNAs

To provide examples from Asia of recent approaches to HRNA

Presentation Order

What is HRNA and why is it important?

Who does HRNAs and how are they done?

Where can I find resources on HRNA?

What are examples of HRNA in Asia?

What are the lessons and challenges from recent experiences with HRNA?

What is HRNA?

HRNA is shorthand for Human Development Recovery Needs Assessments

HRNA are assessments that determine the requirements for the full resilient recovery of human development for affected populations, including the restoration of governance systems

Resilient recovery means that disaster risks are reduced (Sometimes called holistic recovery or sustainable recovery)

Recovery of Human Development: Definition

Measures to restore peoples abilities to recover their full potential to lead productive, creative lives in accordance with their needs and interests.

In reference to Human Development

Recovery and Human Development PathsHuman Development Index (HDI)

MDG

Pre-Crisis Development Path

Pre disaster HDI

Recovery Path

Relief

6 to 12 months 5 to 10 years Time

Why recovery of human development?

Development experts have learned importance of multi-disciplinary approaches to twin pillars of economic development and human development.

Neither approach replaces the other; two complimentary streams of analysis (DaLA and HRNA)

HRNA reflects concerns/priorities of individuals and stakeholders viz DaLAs orientation to national accounts

Relationship between DaLA and actual recovery needs not straightforward; governments requesting more analysis to ensure recovery of human development

Why? continued... The needs and priorities identified by the

affected communities themselves are neglected

Insufficient attention is often given to the social impacts of disasters

Local knowledge, resources and experience are not adequately addressed

While macro-level socio-economic data is often collected, much information is missed at the meso- and micro-levels

Important opportunities may be missed

Who does HRNA?

Government led; Government sectoral specialists; Line ministries/departments/offices

PDNA sector teams

Supported by specialised UN agencies as per mandates, global conventions, etc.

Informed by and builds on humanitarian institutions and processes

And, disaster-affected key stakeholders

What is the focus of HRNAs?

Effects of disaster on social/community/ household functions & processes

Priorities for recovery interventions, sequencing and focus areas

Needs for resources for interventions in monetary terms

Capacities required to meet recovery objectives (& measures to address gaps)

Risk reduction measures to ensure resilient recovery

HRNA for each sector:Should estimates impacts and requirements for:

Restoration of governance systems

Measures to ensure access for all to reconstructed infrastructure

Approaches to fully restore livelihood systems

Pressing basic needs and services

Re-establishment of community functioning

Support spontaneous recovery

Post disaster capacity building

Enhancing resilience against & reducing disaster risks

Where to find resources? Guidance is found in Sectoral and Thematic

Methodologies for Assessing Human Impacts and Recovery Needs (coming soon!)

Chapters can be found here: www.recoveryplatform.org/PDNA

For example: Agriculture; Community Infrastructure; Culture; Disaster Risk Reduction; Education; Environment; Gender; Governance; Health; Housing, Land, Property and Human Settlements; Information Management; Livelihoods, Employment and Income; Use of Geospatial Information and Satellite Derived Productsand more

www.recoveryplatform.org/PDNA

Country example, HRNA - Indonesia

HRNA embedded in legal framework

Linked to financing facility

Adapting global guidance for country context

Improved through application and post-crisis learning

Committed government leadership

UN-supported

Country example, HRNA - Myanmar

2008 Cyclone Nargis

Focus on affected communities perspectives through Village Tract Assessment

Part of the Post-Nargis Joint Assessment (PONJA) coordinated by ASEAN* Perceptions of why the disaster was so bad.

* Proportion of deaths by age and gender.

* Support needed by communities.

* Priorities for repairing infrastructure.

* Household expenditure priorities.

VTA: 30 most affected townships

Loss of

food stocks

agricultural income

fisheries income

livestock income

seed stocks

shelter

Levels of destruction

Changing nature of temporary shelter

Salination of ponds

Sanitation situation

Damage to schools

Access to credit

Levels of psychological stress

Reach of humanitarian efforts

Country example, Pakistan

2010 Monsoon Floods

No PDNAbut Damage and Needs Assessment led by IFIs

UN: Focus on impact of floods on human development, using MDGs as proxies

Gross and Net Primary Enrollment

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

110.0%

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Pre-flood NER projection Post-flood NER projection Pre-flood NER level

Pre-flood GER projectoins Post-flood GER projections Pre-flood GER level

GER

NER

Pre-flood pathway

Post-flood pathway

Pre-flood level

MDG 2: Survival Rate (Primary Education)

40.0%

45.0%

50.0%

55.0%

60.0%

65.0%

70.0%

75.0%

80.0%

2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015

Pre-flood projection Post-flood projection Pre-flood level

Survival rate

Post-flood level

Post-flood pathway Pre-flood pathway

Lessons & Challenges of HRNA Best to prepare for recovery planning before disasters

Methodologies evolving rapidly, limited dissemination

An approach versus a single methodology

Different institutions have different expectations/uses of PDNA materials, including DaLA and HRNA; can be challenging to reconcile and prioritise

DaLA can consume most of the available PDNA technical resources; experts must be dedicated to HRNA

Without champions, voices of disaster-affected communities do not inform recovery processes

Without HRNA leaders, PDNAs can be limited to DaLA

Timing is challenging, given humanitarian imperatives

Thank you

Questions, Observations or Comments?