a 3g femtocell radio - analog devices von boston networking conference oct 29 2007
DESCRIPTION
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The World Leader in High Performance Signal Processing SolutionsThe World Leader in High Performance Signal Processing Solutions
3G Femtocell Radio
VON BostonDavid J. Donovan
Wireless Infrastructure Business DevelopmentAnalog Devices, October 29, 2007
2
Agenda
Brief Overview of ADIFemtocell Identity Crisis Market Drivers & Deployment RisksSpecification Issues & ChallengesOperator expectationsSemiconductor RF-IF SolutionBOM Costs
Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
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PLATFORMS
AudioAudioAudio
ControlControlControl
Video Video Video
DataDataData
CORE TECHNOLOGYCORE TECHNOLOGY
Application Expertise ● Development Tools
Portable Media D
evices
Wireless Infrastructure
Com
puting & G
aming
Digital Entertainm
ent
Advanced TV
Medical
AudioAudioAudio
ImagingImagingImaging
MonitoringMMonitoringonitoring
EXPERTISE
Autom
otive
Industrial ProcessingPProcessingrocessing
ADI At A GlanceA leadership portfolio of core technology and signal processing systems
expertise that is leveraged to create competitive advantage for our customers
SensingSensingSensing SensorySensorySensory
AlgorithmsAAlgorithmslgorithms
A P P L I C A T I O N S
MEMSMEMS
DSPDSPAmplifierAmplifierDataDataConverterConverter
PowerPowerManagementManagement RF ICRF IC
InterfaceInterfaceInterfaceCommunicationCommunicationCommunication
WirelessWirelessWireless
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Femtocell Identity Crisis?
BasestationHigh performanceHigh reliabilityMedium cost Low volumeSingle standardFemtocell
High performanceHigh reliabilityLow cost High volumeMulti-standardHandset
Lower performanceVery low cost Very high volumeMulti-standard
Cost
Perf
orm
ance
Photo Sources: Ericsson, Alcatel-Lucent, Nokia Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
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Meeting Market Expectations & Cost
Photo Source: unknownAnalog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
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Femtocell
<$100 BOM
Femtocell
<$100 BOM
Simplified Femtocell Network Integration
RF-IF DSLRouter IP
NetworkIP
Network
RNC functions for Radio Resource Management shifted to Femtocell
BB
Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
Home Core Network
7
Market Drivers
Consumer Benefits--- Better Indoor CoverageInadequate in-door coverage - top consumer complaint of their cellular service providerLower PA power levels in handset
Operator Benefits--- Reduces Capex & OpexImproves network capacity and coveragePushes backhaul service to consumer BB IP networkConsolidate services – Especially attractive to combined broadband/wireless providerReduce churn rate by increased service and user capital investment
Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
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Deployment Risks & Challenges
Location/RegistrationE911/GPS adds cost and complexity
Radio Network managementNarrowband GSM signals are blockers to adjacent cellsPotential network interference(W)CDMA systems are easier to manage
VOIP WiFi ThreatSimilar operator objectives – different model
More expensive dual mode phone vs. CAPEXChallenges above are similar
Repeaters & DAS can address the critical coverage issue, but does nothing for capacity, bundling service
Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
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Deployment Risks & Challenges cont.
Backhaul architecture – several optionsIP protocols skip the traditional cellular networkOptimum solution an unknown but will impact the degree of the problems below…..
Network SynchronizationBTS needs accurate clock and sync to networkTiming module could have negative impact on BOMIEEE 1588 scheme for sync to IP backhaulNeeds further study
QoS risksBackhaul (Broadband pipe) management to arbitrate users/data rate may not be simpleBigger issue for wireless operator with no ties to broadband provider
Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
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3GPP Base Station Classes: First specified in Release 6
Wide Area Base Stations: Macro Cell Scenario<20km cell, 70 dB coupling loss UE-MS
Medium Area Base Stations: Micro Cell Scenario1km – 3km, 53 dB coupling loss UE-MS, <38dBm
Local Area Base Station: Pico Cell Scenario100m – 300m, 45 dB coupling loss UE-MS, <24dBm
Home Base Station / Access Points have not been considered in Release 6 and onwards yet
Home Access Scenario (20m), 10dBm – 20dBmRadio Requirements still depend on system simulations & trials
Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
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Base Station Definitions
Femtocells are also referred to as Home Access Points and may be part of a broadband gateway platform.
Picocell Basestation Femtocell BasestationVoice & Data Service
250 mW / 6 kg~80 Voice UsersHSDPA 14.4 MbpsHSUPA 7.2 Mbps
10mW – 100mW / 1 kg20mW typical (+13dBm)4 Voice & Data UsersHSDPA 14.4 MbpsHSUPA 7.2 Mbps
Form Factor & User Capacity
Photo Sources: Andrew, Ubiquisys
Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
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3GPP WCDMA UE vs. BS RF Specifications3GPP Rx Specification Unit UE 25.101 BS 25.104Reference Sensitivity 12.2kbps dBm -117 -107Maximum Channel Power dBm -25 ----Dynamic Range Test Level (AWGN 18dB above wanted) dBm ---- -77Adjacent Channel WCDMA 5MHz Offset dBc 39 63In Band WCDMA Blocking 10 MHz Offset dBc 48 71Out of Band CW Blocking 20 MHz Offset dBc ---- 86Out of Band CW Blocking 60 MHz Offset dBc 74 ----Out of Band CW Blocking 85 MHz Offset dBc 89 ----Narrow Band GMSK Blocking 2.7MHz Offset dBc 41 64Wide Band Intermodulation CW 10MHz + WCDMA 20MHz dBc 58 63Narrow Band Intermodulation CW 3.5MHz + GMSK 5.9MHz dBc 54 64
3GPP Tx Specification Unit UE 25.101 BS 25.104Maximum Power dBm 24 <24Maximum Power Accuracy +/- dB 2 2.5Minimum Power Control Step dB 1 0.51dB Step Accuracy +/- dB 0.5 0.510dB Step Accuracy +/- dB 2 2Power Control Range dB 74 18ACLR 5MHz dB 33 45ACLR 10MHz dB 43 50Tx Noise in own Rx band dBm/Hz -132EVM % 12.5 17.5Peak Code Domain Error dB -15 -33Phase Discontinuity deg 30 ----
Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
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No formal spec for this platformThe femtoforum.org was organized to promote deployment of Femtocells worldwide through collaboration and interoperabilityWhole wireless infrastructure eco-system participatesGoal is to make a spec recommendation to 3GPP specific to home base stations
Femtocell Specifications
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Operator Expectations
Operators require a self-managed plug & play femto layer at typical mobile subscriber acquisition cost points
BOM COST TRX + BB IC BOM<$70
Roadmap to<$40
Ease of NetworkIntegration
2G & 3G bandsscanning
AutonomousPower Control &
Self-Configuration
Manufacturability Single-PointRadio Calibration
MinimumProduction Time
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Considerations for a Low FemtoCell BOM
Minimal manufacturing costs (radio calibration)Highly integrated silicon functionalityMulti-band operationLeverage existing market economy components (eg handset)Multiple functions in one packageMinimizing component count (glue-less interfaces, integrated passives)Power consumptionFootprint
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Radio Calibration
Single point calibration is possible and results in an accuracy better than the competitionMulti-point calibrations [2 - 6 points] add to TCOAn integrated RMS power detector is designed to meet the stringent power control requirements of WCDMA systems
Representative Output Power Curve
-50-40-30-20-10
010203040
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Vset (Volts)
Out
put P
ower
(dB
m)
Representative1-Point Calibration Error
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Output Power (dBm)
Erro
r (dB
)
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TRX Band Coverage Requirements-UMTSUMTS Bands Uplink Downlink Tx/Rx Data
SupportBand Monitor Support
I 1920 - 1980 2110 - 2170ADF4602, ADF4602-5
ADF4602,ADF4602-5
II 1850 - 1910 1930 - 1990ADF4602, ADF4602-5
ADF4602, ADF4602-5
III 1710 - 1785 1805 - 1880ADF4602, ADF4602-5
ADF4602 ADF4602-5
IV 1710 - 1755 2110 - 2155 No No
V 824 - 849 869 - 894ADF4602, ADF4602-5
ADF4602 ADF4602-5
VI 830 - 840 875 - 885ADF4602, ADF4602-5
ADF4602 ADF4602-5
VII 2500 - 2570 2620 - 2690 No No
VIII 880 - 915 925 - 960ADF4602, ADF4602-5
ADF4602, ADF4602-5
IX 1749,9 - 1784,9 1844,9 - 1879,9ADF4602, ADF4602-5
ADF4602, ADF4602-5
X 1710 - 1770 2110 - 2170 No No
Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
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2007 Development Platform:Integrated Converter MxFE & Integrated Radio
DATAMUX
&LATCH
SPIREGISTERS
AUX DAC
AUX ADC
DAC
DAC
2XInter-
polation
LATCH&
DEMUX
ADC
ADC
I/O Interface Configuration
AUX DAC
AUX ADC
CLOCK DISTRIBUTION
PLL
.. .
.. .AUX DAC
.. .
DCDC
PA
DAC
DAC
ADC
÷2
ADF TRX
GainControl
PDLO
PDLO
Attn
I+Q
÷2
I+Q
4 Bit GPIO
MxFE
Synth-esizers
VCTCXO
AFC
I
I
Q
Q
3 Wire Bus
DigitalBaseband
ADFTRX Radio TechnologyHighly integrated TransceiverNo external SAW filters (apart from Duplexer)4 Code Transmit compatible (4+ users)Accurate Integrated power controlLow Power RF CMOS6x6mm 32 pin package
MxFE AD986xHigh Performance ADCs – DACs optimized for base station applicationsHighly Integrated Smart Partitioning64 pin LFCSP
26MHz Clock Buffer
IP LinkADL5320ADL5541
CLK
Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
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UMTS Radio Transceiver
Single Chip Tri-band 3G Transceiver3GPP 25.104 Release 6 WCDMA/HSDPALocal Area Class BS in Band 1-3,5,6,8,9WCDMA &GSM Monitoring of Bands 1-3,5,6,8,9
Minimal external componentsNo Tx SAW or Rx Inter-stage SAW filtersIntegrated Fast RMS power detectorIntegrated Power Management (3.2-5.5V input)Integrated Synthesizers incl. PLL loop filtersIntegrated PA bias control DACs/GPOs
Easy to use with minimal calibrationAutomatic fast Tx power controlAutomatic Rx offset controlSimple gain, frequency, mode programming
Low supply current35mA typical Rx current40-100mA Tx current (varies with Pout)
6x6mm LFCSP package
DC Offset Correction
DC Offset Correction
ADF4602
LO Generator
RMSDetector
Gain Control System
Loop Filter
Frac N Synth
LO Generator Loop Filter
Frac N Synth
TX_Pwr_Control
TX_Pwr_Control
TX_Pwr_Control
TX_Pwr_Control[Bus]
Serial InterfaceLDO1 LDO2 LDO3 LDO4 LDO5
TX_Pwr_Control
TX PLL
RX PLLTX Power Management System
RX_LO_LB
RX_LO_LB
19.2MHz
26MHz
TXRF
Selectable Bandwidth baseband filters
TXBBIBTXBBI
TXBBQ
TXBBQB
RXBBI
RXBBIB
RXBBQ
RXBBQB
REFIN
RXLBRF
RXHB2RF
RXHB1RF
PDET
VDD1 VSUP8
I Chan
Q Chan
VSUP6
VSUP7
Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
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IOUT+ B
IOUT- A
IOUT+ A
IOUT- B
VIN- B
VIN+ B
VIN- A
VIN+ A
CLKOUT1
DATAMUX
&LATCH
SPIREGISTERS
AUX DAC
AUX ADC
SPI
DAC
DAC
2XInter-
polation
LATCH&
DEMUX
ADC
ADC
I/O Interface Configuration
AUX DAC
AUX ADC
TX Sync
RX Syc
FlexibleI/OBus
[0:23]
OSC 1CLOCK
DISTRIBUTION
PLL
.
..
.
..
AUX DAC
.
..
Single Chip Dual Rx ADC & Tx /DAC
Dual 10b/12b, 65MSPS ADCDual 10b/12b, 130MSPS DAC3 Channels of Analog Auxiliary I/OADC 65MSPSDAC 130MSPSDigital Test ModesPower Down ModesAdjustable Interface TimingSmall footprint 64 Lead LFCSP
lead-free package
UMTS IF Converter
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ADFTRX Transceiver
Power Detect
3GPP Band 1 DL
Monitor 850-900
Monitor 1800-2100
3GPP Band 1 UL
3G Local Area / Home Area BTSRadio – Proposal
B1 UL
1900 Rx
1800 Rx
900 Rx
850 Rx
B1 DL
B1 DL
PA
match
attn
match
match
ADC
ADC
DAC
DAC
AD9862/AD9863
Complete Radio Module including PA optionsLevel plan depends on required antenna output power
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Femtocell Demonstrator
HardwareADF4602AD9863ADL5541ADL5320RegulatorFront-End Duplexer, Isolator and Coupler.TCXO (26MHz)
Control Software via GUIFIFO data interface board
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WiMAX Femtocell
Highly integrated CPE radio transceiverExternal LNA and PA allow flexibility in system designDigital baseband complexity similar to the UMTS Femtocell
ADL5523
Balun
Balun
FPGAASIC
Pusle ShapeFilters
SampleRate
Conversion
FEC
NetworkProcessor
TigerSHARCInterface
IP Backhaul
ADL5571
AD9352
DSP/FPGA
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Multimode Femtocells
UMTS/GSM, CDMA Femtocells designed to pico or macro BTS specsReceive band blocking spec in GSM is challengingIs the business case sound for investments in multimode Femtocells?
ADC
DAC
DAC
Pusle ShapeFilters
SampleRate
Conversion
FEC
NetworkProcessor
TigerSHARCInterface
ASIC
AD9862
ADL5350
VCO
ADC
DAC
DAC
DAC
ADC
ADC
DACDAC
ADC
÷2
ADFTRX
GainControl
PDLO
PDLO
I+Q
÷2
I+Q
4 Bit GPIO
Synth-esizers
3 Wire Bus
26MHz Clock Buffer
VCTCXO
SAW
ADC
AD9874
GSM 850
GSM 900
DCS
PCS
UMTS
ADL5523
ADL5525
ADL5541
GSM 850
GSM 900
DCS
PCS
UMTS
ADC
DAC
DAC
Pusle ShapeFilters
SampleRate
Conversion
FEC
NetworkProcessor
TigerSHARCInterface
ASIC
AD9862
ADL5350
VCO
ADC
DAC
DAC
DAC
ADC
ADC
DACDACDACDAC
ADC
÷2
ADFTRX
GainControl
PDLO
PDLO
I+QI+Q
÷2
I+QI+Q
4 Bit GPIO4 Bit GPIO
Synth-esizers
3 Wire Bus
26MHz Clock Buffer
VCTCXO
SAW
ADC
AD9874
GSM 850
GSM 900
DCS
PCS
UMTS
ADL5523
ADL5525
ADL5541
GSM 850
GSM 900
DCS
PCS
UMTS
AD8349
DAC
DAC
FPGAASIC
Pusle ShapeFilters
SampleRate
Conversion
FEC
NetworkProcessor
TigerSHARCInterface
Dual 10 bit 125 MSPS
ADL5541
Main
Diversity
PLL
0o
90o
AD8342ADL5350
ADL5221
ADL5523
ADL5523
ADF4360
ADF4360
ADL5530
IF ~ 100 to 200 MHz
AD9510Clock dist
PLL
AD9549Clock synch
Network clock in26 MHzVCXO
ADC
ADC
AD6652-65
ADL5322/23
Pout ~ 24 dBm
ADL5521
AD9763
Diversity IF to Baseband Receiver
IP Backhaul
ADSP- BF536
ADL8362ADL5500
ADuC70XXPrecision Microcontroller
RX Gain
PA
AD8349
DAC
DAC
FPGAASIC
Pusle ShapeFilters
SampleRate
Conversion
FEC
NetworkProcessor
TigerSHARCInterface
Dual 10 bit 125 MSPS
ADL5541
Main
Diversity
PLL
0o
90o
AD8342ADL5350
ADL5221
ADL5523
ADL5523
ADF4360
ADF4360
ADL5530
IF ~ 100 to 200 MHz
AD9510Clock dist
AD9510Clock dist
PLL
AD9549Clock synch
AD9549Clock synch
Network clock in26 MHzVCXO
ADC
ADC
AD6652-65
ADL5322/23
Pout ~ 24 dBm
ADL5521
AD9763
Diversity IF to Baseband Receiver
IP Backhaul
ADSP- BF536
ADL8362ADL5500
ADuC70XXPrecision Microcontroller
RX Gain
PA
DSP/FPGA
Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
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Semiconductor BOM Cost v. Data Rate
Cost
Dat
a R
ate
GSM/EDGE
HR UMTS
HR UMTS/EDGE
WiMAX
EVDO
FR UMTS
FR UMTSEV-DO
WiMAXEV-DO
CDMA 1X
FR UMTS / EDGE
Sing
le ra
dio
Mul
tiple
radi
os
Half Rate
Full Rate
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Summary
Semiconductor vendors can play a key role in the cost reduction and migration of Femtocells
Future proofing solutions, integrationsDesign for manufacturing, radio calibration
Operators can influence their own cost baseBe reasonable in requirementsA Femtocell spec will help, e.g. output power requirements varyTrials will help codify the specs
Work with semi vendors to achieve best performance at most reasonable cost and mitigate risk
Next phase is cost reduction and spec rationalizationADI solutions
Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007