1

Rohingya Children witness crimes

against humanity: Orphans are

traumatised after Burmese (Myanmar)

Security Forces Abuses

Two brothers, "Abdulaziz" (age 9) and

"Zahid" (age 6), watched from across the

river as their family was massacred.

They watched the attackers execute their

father along with the other men in the

village, and then take their mother and

three siblings to a house which was set

on fire. Kutupalong camp, September

25. © 2017 Anastasia Taylor-Lind for

Human Rights Watch

Video: Rohingya describe military

atrocities in Myanmar

https://www.hrw.org/asia/burma

Source: https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/09/29/rohingya-children-witness-crimes-against-humanity

A. A. MYANMAR-ROHINGYA CRISES

2

Source photograph https://www.fairfaxstatic.com.au/content/dam/images/g/y/g/z/d/o/image.related.articleLeadwide.620x349.gyh3t5.png/1505392816739.jpg

GEOGRAPHY HISTORY ECONOMICS SOCIETY AND

CULTURE Maps (Rakhine State, flow of

refugees), graphs (change over

time), human wellbeing, human

rights, inequality, international

aid, refugees

Government,

military atrocities,

violations of

human rights,

refugees

Inequality- GDP,

GDP per person,

HDI, poverty,

sanctions

Religion, human rights,

human wellbeing,

refugees, laws

ICT Myanmar country profile http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-12990563

Aung San Suu Kyi profile http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-11685977

People smugglers pounce on fleeing Rohingya, charging a fortune for passage to Bangladesh

http://www.smh.com.au/world/people-smugglers-pounce-on-fleeing-rohingya-charging-a-fortune-for-passage-

to-bangladesh-20171005-gyupfm.html

'The violence must stop': Diplomats see only devastation in Rohingya villages

http://www.smh.com.au/world/the-violence-must-stop-diplomats-see-only-devastation-in-rohingya-villages-

20171003-gyt8pn.html

Bangladesh destroys boats ferrying Rohingya from Myanmar https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/bangladesh-

destroys-boats-ferrying-rohingya-from-myanmar-1758772

Rohingya crisis: UN 'suppressed' report predicting its shortcomings in Myanmar

https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/oct/05/rohingya-crisis-un-suppressed-report-

predicting-its-shortcomings-in-myanmar

Who will help Myanmar's Rohingya? http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-38168917

Why the Rohingya will never be welcome in Myanmar http://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/long-

reads/article/2113253/why-rohingya-will-never-be-welcome-myanmar and YouTube

The Truth about Myanmar’s Rohingya Issue-It is much more complex than is often portrayed.

https://thediplomat.com/2016/03/the-truth-about-myanmars-rohingya-issue/

The Rohingya in Myanmar: How Years of Strife Grew into a Crisis

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/13/world/asia/myanmar-rohingya-muslim.html

YouTube The “ethnic cleansing” of Myanmar’s Rohingya Muslims, explained

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=04axDDRVy_o

Myanmar releases report rejecting allegations of human rights abuses against Rohingya

Muslimshttp://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/burma-rohingya-muslim-minority-human-rights-

abuses-a7879726.html

Live update https://www.hrw.org/blog-feed/rohingya-crisis

CURRICULUM-MYANMAR

INTEGRATION OF CIVICS AND CITIZENSHIP

B.

3

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohingya_persecution_in_Myanmar_(2016%E2%80%93present)

‘The Rohingya persecution in Myanmar refers to the

ongoing military crackdown by the Myanmar Army

and police on Rohingyas in Rakhine State. While the

majority of Rohingyas are Muslim, attacks have

also occurred against Hindu Rohingyas. The

crackdown was in response to attacks on Myanmar

border posts in October 2016 by Rohingya

insurgents.’

‘The Myanmar army has been accused of wide-scale

human rights violations, including extrajudicial

killings, gang rapes, arson and infanticides, claims

which the government dismisses as "exaggerations".’

‘The Rohingya people have been described as

"amongst the world's least wanted" and "one of the

world's most persecuted minorities”.’

‘The Rohingya are deprived of the right to free

movement and of higher education. They have been

denied Burmese citizenship since the Burmese

nationality law was enacted. They are NOT allowed

to travel without official permission and were

previously required to sign a commitment not to have

more than two children, though the law was not

strictly enforced. They are subjected to routine

forced labour where typically a Rohingya man will

have to give up one day a week to work on military

or government projects and one night for sentry

duty. The Rohingya have also lost a lot of arable

land, which has been confiscated by the military to

give to Buddhist settlers from elsewhere in Myanmar.

Source photograph: Anger is building in Myanmar's Muslim-majority neighbourshttp://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-38168917

C. HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS-MYANMAR

D.

4

Infographic http://endgenocide.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/8-signs-of-genocide-infographicv2.png

HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS-MYANMAR

E.

5

http://www.rvisiontv.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/1625654_454171591377379_594170324_n-890x395.jpg

http://www.maryscullyreports.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Rohingya-fire-REUTERSSoe-Zeya-Tun-May-4-2016.jpg

‘Amnesty International (AI) reveals

a mass-scale scorched-earth campaign across northern Rakhine State, where

Myanmar security forces and vigilante mobs burnt down entire Rohingya villages and shot

people at random as they tried to flee.

AI analysed fire-detection data, satellite imagery, photographs and videos from the ground,

as well as interviews with dozens of eyewitnesses in Myanmar and across the border in

Bangladesh. It showed an orchestrated campaign of systematic burnings targeting Rohingya

villages across northern Rakhine State for almost three weeks.

More than 80 sites were set ablaze 25 August-11 September 2017

More than 370,000 Rohingya fled across border in less than three weeks

Personal testimonies verified that attacks were planned, deliberate and systematic In legal terms, these are crimes against humanity – systematic attacks and forcible deportation of civilians.’ https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2017/09/myanmar-scorched-earth-campaign-fuels-ethnic-cleansing-of-rohingya-from-rakhine-state/

Map: http://en.prothom-alo.com/contents/cache/images/643x0x1/uploads/media/2017/09/15/c0f72a14170ee689f42f438463558765-

Rohingya.jpg

ICT Map: Refer to satellite map showing mass scale targeted burning over time https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2017/09/myanmar-scorched-earth-campaign-fuels-ethnic-cleansing-of-rohingya-from-rakhine-state/

Video https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/sep/14/myanmar-new-footage-reveals-scorched-earth-campaign-against-

rohingya October 2017 http://www.smh.com.au/world/people-smugglers-pounce-on-fleeing-rohingya-charging-a-fortune-for-passage-to-bangladesh-

20171005-gyupfm.html

SCORCHED-EARTH CAMPAIGN FUELS ETHNIC CLEANSING-

MYANMAR

6

Rohingya fleeing ethnic cleansing in Myanmar's northern Rakhine State arrive on a beach on Cox's Bazar,

Bangladesh. © Amnesty International https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2017/09/myanmar-scorched-earth-campaign-fuels-

ethnic-cleansing-of-rohingya-from-rakhine-state/

More than half a million new refugees have crossed into *Cox's Bazar since 25 August 2017. *Cox's

Bazar is a city and fishing port in Bangladesh. The beach at Cox's Bazar is an unbroken 120km of sand

with a gentle slope-and is the longest unbroken sea beach in the world. In Cox's Bazar, the humanitarian

response to the influx of Rohingya refugees from Myanmar is coordinated by the Inter-Sector Coordination

Group (ISCG) which is led by the International Organisation for Migration (IOM)

Total amount of land occupied by refugees is 9.6 million square metres-equivalent to 889 football fields

Up to 60% of the new arrivals are children, and 30% are children under five years old

3% of the newly arrived refugees are pregnant, and 7% are breastfeeding women

Up to one in five refugee households are headed by women, and 5% by children

Up to 90% of new arrivals have reported eating just one meal a day

One out of five children under the age of five suffers from acute malnutrition

Over 1600 unaccompanied and separated children provided with support

More than 200,000 newly arrived Rohingya children need access to education

Over half the refugees are living in sites with no access to healthcare

320,000 refugees need immediate access to clean water and sanitation

diarrhoea is prevalent and fear of a potential outbreak of cholera

Over half of the gender-based violence reported by Rohingya refugees in Cox's Bazaar, are sexual assault

Since the start of the crisis, the UN and partners have delivered 9 million food rations, provided 190,000

people with emergency shelter kits, and provided 159,000 people with access to healthcare

Over 400 tube wells and 3000 latrines have been constructed

More than 100,000 people have been vaccinated against measles, rubella, and polio Photographshttp://i2.cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/170912125323-myanmar-rohingya-muslims-lacking-humanitarian-aid-field-pkg-

00000424-exlarge-169.jpg

HUMANITARIAN CRISIS IN NUMBERS (UN) MYANMAR

7

http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/interactive/2017/09/rohingya-crisis-explained-maps-170910140906580.html

http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/interactive/2017/09/rohingya-crisis-explained-maps-170910140906580.html

VISUAL LITERACY

ROHINGYA CRISIS EXPLAINED IN MAPS AND GRAPH

8

http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/interactive/2017/09/rohingya-crisis-explained-maps-170910140906580.html

http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/interactive/2017/09/rohingya-crisis-explained-maps-170910140906580.html

9

Where is Myanmar located?

Who are the Rohingya? http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/08/rohingya-muslims-

170831065142812.html

What religion do most Rohingya follow?

How many Rohingya live in Myanmar?

Why are the Rohingya being persecuted?

Why are the Rohingya described as amongst the world’s least wanted people?

How did the 1982 Citizenship Law restrict the rights of Rohingya in Myanmar?

The Rohingya are denied citizenship and smothered by restrictions on their movement and work. Describe

the human rights abuses suffered by the Rohingya.

Discuss the long term historical tensions between the Rakhine and Rohingya communities

Explain the present Rohingya refugee crises

Discuss the global reaction to the crises- United Nations, NGOs and governments

What was Aung San Suu Kyi’s reaction to failing to prevent human rights abuses by the government?

Bangladesh authorities plan to expand a refugee camp at Kutupalong near the border town of Cox’s Bazar to

accommodate the Rohingya. Research its progress and what facilities will be required to improve their

wellbeing

Kutupulung refugee camp in Bangladesh http://www.dorsum.ch/wp-

content/uploads/2012/11/kutupulung_refugee_camp_cox_bazar_small.jpg

Bangladesh is to build one of world's largest refugee camps for 800,000 and log forests to shelter desperate

Rohingya https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/06/bangladesh-build-worlds-largest-refugee-camps-

800000-rohingya; http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/bangladesh-to-build-one-of-world-s-

biggest-refugee-camps-for-9283816; https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-rohingya/bangladesh-

carving-out-forest-land-to-shelter-desperate-rohingya-idUSKBN1CA0ZN. Describe the stress of the

refugees on Bangladesh

Refugees arriving in Bangladesh are mostly women and children who are traumatised, and some have

suffered gunshots, fire and landmines.

o Describe the reasons why Rohingya’s are escaping Myanmar

o Explain how UN and NGO’s are responding to this humanitarian crises caused by escalating

violence causing suffering on a catastrophic scale.

Teaching with the news-Myanmar and Rohingya http://www.choices.edu/teaching-news-lesson/myanmar-and-the-

rohingya/?utm_source=Choices+Newsletter+List&utm_campaign=8057a4fc8f-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2017_08_31&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_af2c96b5f0-8057a4fc8f-

81166825&mc_cid=8057a4fc8f&mc_eid=a397e56864

ACTIVITIES-ROHINGYA

10

Listening, reading and question activity: Breaking News English Lesson on The Rohingya

https://breakingnewsenglish.com/1709/170915-rohingya-2.html

“The human tragedy unfolding in southern Bangladesh is staggering in its scale, complexity and rapidity,” he

said in a statement calling the Rohingya crisis “the world’s fastest developing refugee emergency”

Source: https://breakingnewsenglish.com/1709/170915-rohingya-2.pdf

LITERACY TASK-ROHINGYA

11

Complete the following questions on the six Rohingyas below:

o Name and age

o Describe this person’s life in Myanmar and why they left the country

o Explain their experiences since they left Myanmar

o Discuss the similarities between these Rohingyas

Nasima Khatun

http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth

/features/2017/09/message-world-

nasima-khatun-rohingya-

170917065521470.html

Ahessan

http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth

/features/2017/09/message-world-

ahessan-rohingya-

170912125529116.html

Rashida

http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth

/features/2017/09/message-world-

rashida-rohingya-

170910110303104.html

Arba Khatun

http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth

/features/2017/09/message-world-

arba-khatun-rohingya-

170918112122385.html

Rahimol

http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth

/features/2017/09/message-world-

rahimol-rohingya-

170910105832142.html

Noor Kajol

http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth

/features/2017/09/message-world-

noor-kajol-rohingya-

170912132317427.html

PERSONAL STORIES-ROHINGYA

12

Photograph: https://www.libertyinnorthkorea.org/people-over-

politics/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIvoKXm_Xa1gIVRx9oCh3SSgQiEAMYAiAAEgKbFvD_BwE

CURRICULUM-NORTH KOREA GEOGRAPHY HISTORY ECONOMICS SOCIETY AND

CULTURE

Climate,

landforms, human

wellbeing, human

rights, food

security, unequal

access to food,

international aid

Korean War, Post-

Korean War,

government, political

prison camps, nuclear

tensions, military threats,

violations of human

rights, Kim dynasty

Trade, sanctions,

GDP, GDP per

person, HDI,

poverty,

inequality,

economic growth

Attitudes, family,

human rights,

human wellbeing North Korea's

population is one of the

world's most ethnically

homogeneous

B. NORTH KOREA

USA CONFLICT

HUMAN RIGHTS

HUMAN WELLBEING

13

The North Korean government, called the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

(DPRK), is a repressive authoritarian government ruled for seven decades by the Kim

family and the Worker’s Party of Korea. The DPRK, under its founder President Kim Sung, adopted a policy of diplomatic and

economic self-reliance aimed to eliminate overseas influence. Through propaganda, and

political, economic and military policies the DPRK declared US a threat to its social

system. However, its ideological objective is the eventual unification of North and South

Korea under its control.

In March 2005, North Korea declared itself ‘a full-fledged nuclear weapons state’. In 2010

Kim Jong Un became supreme leader of North Korea, and under his rule he has continued

to develop nuclear weapons.

Using ICT research the following questions:

ICT: Refer to map showing the demilitarised zone: https://juliezhoudotcom.files.wordpress.com/2014/09/img_0110.jpg

Explain the type of government in North Korea

http://www.korea-dpr.com/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_North_Korea

http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-type-of-government-

does-north-korea-have.html

List the causes and outcomes of the

Korean War? 1950-1953

http://www.history.com/topics/korean-war

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War

Explain the Demilitarised zone? What is its purpose?

What is the significance of the 38th parallel?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Demilitarized_Zone

http://www.earthnutshell.com/the-worlds-most-dangerous-

border-a-tour-of-north-koreas-dmz/-border-a-tour-of-north-

koreas-dmz/

Describe the relationship between North

Korea with South Korea over time

http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-08-

21/timeline-of-tensions-between-north-and-

south-korea/6715732

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea%E2

%80%93South_Korea_relations

DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF KOREA (DPRK)

GOVERNMENT-COMMUNIST STATE

14

The missile tests have been followed by sanctions and threats—

threats by President Donald Trump to rain down ‘fire and fury’

and by Kim to ‘strike Guam’.

Guam is the location of the Anderson Air Force base. It is the

largest American munitions depot in the world, supplying bombs

and missiles to US forces everywhere-from Korea to

Afghanistan.

Deep in Guam’s jungle, is the US military’s largest stockpile of

bombs, missiles and bullets. The 36th Munitions Squadron

maintains 150 grass-covered, igloo-shaped structures housing

some 9 million items worth over $1 billion. Published estimates

say over 100,000 of these are bombs and missiles.

If Kim can credibly threaten Guam, he threatens US ability to

fight major wars. As threats go, this one is surprisingly precise,

credible and strategic.

In 2015, the US and South Korea adopted a war plan, OPPLAN

5015, which designed a brief pre-emptive war with North Korea,

focused on destroying nuclear weapons, missiles and killing Kim

Jong Un. There’s just one hitch: The North Koreans appear to

have stolen it along with the larger plan, OPPLAN 5027. http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/08/15/north-korea-guam-nuclear-

weapons-215493

Map: https://www.graphicnews.com/links/gn_swf/swf-35500-

35999/GN35690R_EN/GN35690-Artboard_1.png

Activities Refer to article at http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2013/03/21/article-2296761-

18D5B853000005DC-317_638x548.jpg

What did Trump say to get North Korea to act like this?

Is North Korea likely to carry out this threat?

Could Congress stop Trump from bombing North Korea?

Why does the world fear a North Korean Nuclear attack?

USA

US government states that North Korea’s nuclear program is

unacceptable and that it has to give up its

nuclear weapons. This was the goal of US

policy under Presidents George W. Bush,

Barack Obama and Donald Trump.

However US policy has failed at

accomplishing that goal.

NORTH KOREA

Instead North Koreahas built 60 nuclear

weapons, and developed missiles that

are in theory are capable of hitting USA.

In 2017 North Korea tested its most

powerful bomb—seven times the size of the one US dropped on Hiroshima during

WW2

CONTEMPORARY ISSUE

NORTH KOREA-USA CONFLICT

15

Monitor the confrontation between USA and North Korea using a variety of sources such as articles,

videos, audio and slideshow. News Sources for Monitoring

Al Jazeera—North Korea http://www.aljazeera.com/topics/country/north-korea.html

BBC—North Korea http://www.bbc.com/news/topics/590ec892-07c1-49d5-b7b7-1de0b05d0500/north-

korea

Fox News—North Korea http://www.foxnews.com/category/world/conflicts/north-korea.html

The Guardian—North Korea https://www.theguardian.com/world/north-korea

The Japan Times—North Korea https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/north-korea/

The Korea Times—North Korea https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/sublist_103.html

National Public Radio—North Korea http://www.npr.org/tags/126922963/north-korea

The New York Times—North Korea https://www.nytimes.com/topic/destination/north-korea?8qa

NK News https://www.nknews.org/

Complete the scaffold

Period-month or week

Dates

Sources

Update

What have been the major changed over the period?

What have been the different responses around the world

What do you think is the best outcome to the difficult and escalating situation

NORTH KOREA-USA CONFRONTATION

LITERACY USING THE MEDIA

16

Background https://www.world-affairs.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/resource_packet_nk_web.pdf

http://infographic.statista.com/normal/chartoftheday_8042_the_countries_in_range_of_a_north_korean_h_bomb_n.jpg

https://i1.wp.com/www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/fp_20170517_nk_missile_range.jpg?fit=1920%2C9999px&ssl=1

MAPS ILLUSTRATING EXTENT AND POWER OF NORTH

KOREA’S MISSILES GLOBALLY

17

https://i1.wp.com/www.ocregister.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/focus-l-korean-tension-

map1.png?w=620&crop=0%2C0px%2C100%2C9999px

TENSIONS ESCALATING IN THE REGION

18

http://www.choices.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/choices-twtn-north-korea-cartoons.pdf

http://www.choices.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/choices-twtn-north-korea-cartoons.pdf

POLITICAL CARTOONS-NORTH KOREA-USA CONFLICT

19

Source-Adapted: https://www.vox.com/world/2017/5/2/15518284/9-questions-north-korea-explained-kim-jong-un

1. INTRODUCTION

PRIOR KNOWLEDGE: Ask students: What have they heard about North

Korea’s nuclear program? What are the controversies surrounding North

Korea? What are the US and UN responses to North Korea?

ACTIVITIES: Assign students’ a variety of resources-websites, articles, videos

(e.g. BBC, Vox) on North Korea. Encourage students to find other sources.

Review the resources with the class. Clarify difficult vocabulary or concepts.

Ask students to identify information they believe to be important. What policy

actions are leaders from US and North Korea making in public statements?

2. ANALYSING CARTOONS

Divide the class into groups. Distribute “Political Cartoons” to each student

illustrating the current conflict e.g. https://www.usnews.com/cartoons/north-korea-cartoons

https://townhall.com/notebook/erikahaas/2017/08/19/tk-cartoons-that-expertly-capture-the-current-

situation-between-the-us-and-north-korea-n2316575

Select five cartoons and emphasise the techniques cartoonists use to convey

opinions on political issues. What techniques are being used? What is the

message in the cartoon? How is the cartoon related to North Korea’s nuclear

program and US policy?

3. DRAWING CONNECTIONS

As a class, discuss how cartoonists provide different perspectives on political

issues. Which techniques did students think most effectively gets the message

across? What do these cartoons say about US policy and President Trump’s

responses to North Korea’s nuclear program? Do any of the cartoons represent

North Korea’s point of view? Which country does the cartoonist hold more

responsible for the current crisis? Do the cartoons give favourable or

unfavourable views of the US response to North Korea? Did any cartoons

disagree with each other? Did one cartoon build on another’s message?

4. EXTRA CHALLENGES

Students create their own political cartoons that reflect their opinion on the

current crisis.

POLITICAL CARTOONS-NORTH KOREA-USA CONFLICT

LESSON OUTLINE

20

North Korea on our minds and in our classrooms

https://www.world-affairs.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/resource_packet_nk_web.pdf

Conflict with North Korea http://teacher.scholastic.com/scholasticnews/indepth/north_korea/for_teachers/index.asp?a

rticle=lesson_plans

Free Lesson Plans: Choices Program

In this lesson, students will:

Understand the current threats of a nuclear crisis between North Korea and the United States.

Identify the techniques political cartoonists use to express opinions.

Interpret cartoons about North Korea’s nuclear weapons and the U.S. response.

Monitor the situation over time using various media sources.

Objectives

Students will:

Understand the current threats of a nuclear crisis between North Korea and the United States.

Identify the techniques political cartoonists use to express opinions.

Interpret cartoons about North Korea’s nuclear weapons and the U.S. response.

Monitor the situation over time using various media sources.

Resources

North Korea https://www.state.gov/p/eap/ci/kn/

Political Cartoons http://www.choices.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/choices-twtn-north-korea-cartoons.pdf

Monitoring the Situation http://www.choices.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/choices-twtn-monitoring-the-

crisis.pdf

BBC article—The North Korea Crisis in 300 Words http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-40871848

Wall Street Journal Video: What a War with North Korea Might Look Like http://www.wsj.com/video/what-

a-war-with-north-korea-might-look-like/E7A0370B-6D55-4914-AE97-63CAF07C7DA3.html

TEACHING RESOURCES

21

THE CHALLENGE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS introduces students to the history of

nuclear weapons and the concept of deterrence. It examines arguments for

and against nuclear weapons and looks at three challenges facing us today:

the leftover arsenals of the Cold War, proliferation, and the threat of nuclear

terrorism. http://www.choices.edu/curriculum-unit/challenge-nuclear-

weapons/

TALE OF TWO HEAVENS: ESCAPING NORTH KOREA http://www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/uncategorized/a-tale-of-two-heavens-

escaping-north-korea-lesson-activities/6044/. Wide Angle: Lesson Plan

https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/wa10.socst.global.conn.lpcroshe

av/a-tale-of-two-heavens-escaping-north-korea/#.Wdbf7tFx2Uk .Is it worth

the risk?

Brainwashed

https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/wa10.socst.global.conn.brain

wash/brainwashed-wide-angle/#.WdbgQNFx2Uk

Flight to freedom

https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/wa10.socst.global.conn.flifre

e/flight-to-freedom/#.WdbgYtFx2Uk

DECISION POINT: Understanding US’s Dilemma over North Korea

https://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/03/19/decision-point-understanding-

u-s-s-dilemma-over-north-korea/

Overview: Should the US rely on diplomacy, incentives and/or sanctions or

military confrontation to deal with a nuclear-armed North Korea? In this

lesson, students will play the role of White House advisers, exploring policy

options and recommending the best strategy for preventing war in East Asia.

HISTORY RESEARCH: Many communities may have veterans of the

Korean War, or descendants of immigrants living in their midst. Ask students

to find some veterans who are willing to talk about their experiences in North

Korea or other community members with background or ties to North Korea.

TEACHING RESOURCES

22

Answer the following question

Sanctions

What are trade sanctions? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_sanctions

Explain the reasons for trade sanctions to be imposed on North Korea

UN sanctions are unlikely to keep pace with North Korea’s missile development. Give

reasons for this statement http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_northkorea/805840.htmlWhat

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctions_against_North_Korea

https://www.38north.org/2017/09/rfrank091817/

https://www.cnbc.com/2017/09/05/north-korea-nuclear-test-un-sanctions-may-actually-benefit-pyongyang.html

Sanctions time line

From 2006-2017 trade sanctions have been imposed by UN on North Korea. List the dates

sanctions were imposed. Include 2017 on the following page.

What were North Korea’s responses?

Do you think trade sanctions have been ineffective or effective in reducing nuclear tests? Give

reasons for your answer

In a three tiered society who suffers the most from trade sanctions?

Time line: https://cdn.static-economist.com/sites/default/files/images/print-

edition/20160305_ASC924.png

ACTIVITIES-SANCTIONS

IS THIS THE SOLUTION?

23

Table: http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_northkorea/805840.html

What are the latest UN sanctions?

What is the projected effects of the new UN sanctions on North Korean exports?

How will this affect the wellbeing of North Koreans?

Cartoon https://static01.nyt.com/images/2016/03/06/opinion/6heng/6heng-master768.jpg

In a three tiered society, who will NOT be affected by the new UN sanctions?

ACTIVITIES-SANCTIONS

USING VISUAL LITERACY

24

Source:

http://cdn.images.express.co.uk/img/dynamic/78/590x/Kim-Jong-Un-attack-Trump-US-world-war-740550.jpg

Why is US-North Korea relationship so fraught? https://www.vox.com/world/2017/5/2/15518284/9-questions-north-korea-explained-kim-jong-un

Can Trump make a deal with North Korea?

https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/08/trump-deal-north-korea/536958/

Why hasn’t China dealt with North Korea? https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/08/north-korea-the-china-options/535440/;

https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2017/04/economist-explains-2

Mind map-China’s role in dealing with North Korea.

Summarise these thoughts in an oral report https://i1.wp.com/www.insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/China%E2%80%99s-Role-in-Dealing-With-North-Korea.jpg

ACTIVITIES

25

What is North Korea’s relationship with Russia?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93Russia_relations;

https://thediplomat.com/tag/russia-north-korea-relations/; https://thediplomat.com/tag/russia-north-

korea-relations/

Can US live with a nuclear North Korea?

https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/09/north-korea-nuclear-deterrence/539205/

What is the risk of a nuclear war with North Korea?

https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/09/18/the-risk-of-nuclear-war-with-north-korea

Why is North Korea’s latest threats more serious than its typical bluster-“This is not a game,

and these are not just words.” https://www.vox.com/world/2017/9/22/16349966/north-korea-

trump-dotard

Kim Jong-Un’s nuclear ambition: What is North Korea’s endgame? http://theconversation.com/kim-jong-uns-nuclear-ambition-what-is-north-koreas-endgame-83428

Video: Watch the North Korean nuclear threat explained https://www.vox.com/world/2017/5/2/15518284/9-questions-north-korea-explained-kim-jong-un

How does propaganda influence North Korean’s views on US? North Korea, is a world-class innovator when it comes to propaganda. The country continues to roll

out new messages and slogans: "Let us turn the whole country into a socialist fairyland by the joint

operation of the army and people!"

North Korean propaganda posters destroy US Capitol building, show US in range of ICBM

https://i.pinimg.com/564x/48/b4/18/48b4180fa6a1a791fd36bf8af2d4c789.jpg

https://i.pinimg.com/736x/f5/6d/7a/f56d7a8416cf9da077f062c8c42862f9--noord-korea-korean.jpg

ACTIVITIES

26

Adapted content http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/teach/kim/postviewing.html

A. DIVIDE STUDENTS INTO TWO GROUPS One group will represent North Korea and the second group will represent the United States.

Students collect and collate information and data from a variety of sources to ensure authenticity.

GROUP 1 US position on North Korea

especially regarding nuclear

weapons, for example:

State Department Background Note: North Korea: http://www.state.gov/p/eap/ci/kn/

CIA: North Korea: http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factb

ook/geos/kn.html

GROUP 2

Culture, history and politics of

North Korea and its position

regarding nuclear weapons.

North Korea: Facts and Stats: http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/northkorea/facts.html (Frontline World)

North Korean Government

Web site: http://www.korea-dpr.com/

Korean Central News Agency

of DPRK: http://www.kcna.co.jp/index-e.htm

B. STUDENTS GATHER AND COLLATE INFORMATION USING A VARIETY OF

SOURCES The groups representing North Korea and the US meet separately to explore their positions, then

present their research to the class: They provide a statement on the position of the leader or the

country on this contemporary issue.

C. STUDENTS NEGOTIATE Each group suggests how they can negotiate their different views.

Suggest referring to "Five Ways to Handle Conflict," designed for high school peer mediation

teams by Community Mediation Services (http://www.adr-cms.org/).

Compromise: two parties

figure out a

solution wherein

they both give up

something as

well as get

something.

Confrontation: two parties

engage in

verbal

argument or

physical

conflict.

Accommodation: one party allows

the other party to

have its way, even

though it means

disregarding its

own needs.

Avoidance:

one party

chooses to avoid

or neglect the

problem they

have with the

other party.

Collaboration: two parties state

a problem to one

another and work

through to a

mutual solution.

D. ASSESSMENT

After the negotiations, students' discuss reactions to the negotiating process and whether their

findings escalated or de-escalated the conflict.

Each student writes a persuasive essay in the form of a letter to either President of North Korea or

US. Include:

Where the conflict is going

Suggest some possible outcomes to the conflict

Recommend steps to be taken to avoid further escalation of the conflict

TEACHING NORTH KOREA-USA CONFLICT

FROM DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES

27

Source: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/print_kn.html

population 25,248,140 (July 2017)

racially homogeneous-a small Chinese community and a few Japanese

most North Koreans follow Buddhism and Confucianism, however religious activities are almost

non-existent. Government-sponsored religious groups provide an illusion of religious freedom

migration rate-0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017)

urban population-61.2% of population (2017)

life expectancy 70.4 years

access to drinking water 99.7%

access to sanitation 81.9%

literacy 100%

school years 11 years

GDP per capita $1,700 (2015)

GDP $28 billion (2016)

GDP growth 3.9% (2016)

unemployment rate 25.6% (2013)

main industries-military product, mining (coal, iron ore) , textile and processing

exports-minerals, metallurgical products, manufactures (including armaments), textiles, agricultural

and fishery products

main export country-China 76.5% (2015) and main import country China 76.3% (2015)

population without electricity-18,400,000

media-no independent media; radios and TVs are pre-tuned to government stations

North Korea experiencing income inequality and high unemployment. Income inequality is soaring in North Korea, and the country’s wealthiest live in Pyongyang,

where the per capita income is about $2,700 a year. Pyongyang GDP per capita is about three

times the size of incomes in most other regions, https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2016/12/22/North-

Korea-experiencing-income-inequality-high-unemployment-analyst-says/2751482430835/

http://www.abc.net.au/news/image/732456-3x2-940x627.jpg Pyongyang http://www.earthnutshell.com/100-photos-from-

north-korea-part2/

NORTH KOREA

HUMAN WELLBEING-FACTS AND FIGURES

28

ttps://thediplomat.com/2015/05/north-koreas-3-tiered-society/ https://i.pinimg.com/736x/5f/00/9b/5f009be87d0ae68f077e3da8deb2f865--crime-south-korea.jpg

https://danieljmitchell.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/north-korea-v-south-korea.jpg

North Korea's 3-Tiered Society

North Korea is plagued with economic and political inequalities. What was once a relatively

equitable society, albeit at the low end of per-capita GDP, has experienced a rapid

polarisation in wealth.

Three groups of people live in North Korea

Prospering

Struggling

Incarcerated and political untouchables

A large number of North Koreans have slipped back into the 19th century (agricultural

manual labour and subsistence living), while a relatively small elite is living in the 21st

century world of smart phones and espresso drinks.

There are signs of a thriving nouveau riche in Pyongyang (capital city) — fancy pizza places,

more cars on the roads and imported plasma TVs. There is talk of “golden couples,” namely a

husband employed by the government with an entrepreneur wife. The centre of the capital

city is also busy with new high rise construction and the government has put resources into

the IT sector. Despite growth in ICT, North Korea is classified as an Internet Black Hole as

access to the internet is limited and censored. Satellite imagery shows lack of infrastructure

with the difference between North and South Korea and their use of electricity, essential for

economic development

The human rights situation within North Korea remains abysmal, as an estimated 150,000

people languish in political prison camps under atrocious conditions. This represents a third

class of people in North Korea called the political untouchables.

ICT: Describe what is it like to live in a North Korean Labour camp https://www.iol.co.za/capetimes/opinion/surviving-life-in-a-north-korean-labour-camp-11382654

NORTH KOREA

HUMAN WELLBEING-INEQUALITY

29

Flag https://ak3.picdn.net/shutterstock/videos/149053/thumb/1.jpg

Trafficking in persons

North Korea is a source country for men, women and children who

are subjected to forced labour and sex trafficking.

Tens of thousands of North Koreans, including children, held in

prison camps. They are subjected to forced labour.

Many North Korean women and girls, lured by promises of food,

jobs and freedom, have migrated to China illegally to escape poor

social and economic conditions only to be forced into prostitution,

domestic service, or agricultural work through forced marriages

Illicit drugs

From 1970s to 2000s, citizens of

the DPRK, many of them

diplomatic employees of the

government, were apprehended

abroad while trafficking in

narcotics

Police investigations in Taiwan and

Japan have linked North Korea to

large illicit shipments of heroin and

methamphetamine

HUMAN WELLBEING

DISPUTES, ILLICIT DRUGS AND TRAFFICKING

Disputes – International

Tens of thousands of North Koreans have crossed into China to escape

famine, economic privation and political oppression

North Korea and China dispute the sovereignty of certain islands in Yalu

and Tumen Rivers

Military Demarcation Line within the 4-km-wide Demilitarized Zone

separates North from South Korea since 1953

North Korea has experienced periodic incidents in the Yellow Sea with

South Korea, which claims the Northern Limiting Line as a maritime

boundary

North Korea supports South Korea in rejecting Japan's claim to

Liancourt Rocks (Tok-do/Take-shima)

Nuclear weapons

30

In 2010, Kim Jong Un became Leader of North Korea and under his rule he has continued to generate fearful

obedience by:

performing public executions

executing arbitrary detention

implementing forced labour

tightening travel restrictions to prevent North Koreans from migrating Adapted: Violations of human rights https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2017/country-chapters/north-korea#73fccc. Diagram: S. Bliss

Background http://i2.cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/170515211523-north-korea-missile-test-0514-super-tease.jpg

VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS

TIGHTER BORDER CONTROLS

In 2016, Kim Jong-Un’s government increased efforts to stop North

Koreans from crossing into China without

permission.

LACK OF FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND ACCESS

TO INFORMATION

All domestic media and publications are strictly state-controlled, and foreign media allowed inside the country are

tightly controlled as well. Internet and international phone

calls are heavily monitored.

LACK OF LABOUR RIGHTS

North Korea is one of the few nations in the world that

has NOT joined the International Labour

Organization. Workers are systematically denied

freedom of association and the right to organize and

collectively bargain.

DPRK-VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS

31

‘North Korea's human rights record is among the worst in the world and has been globally

condemned, with groups such as the United Nations, Amnesty International, Human Rights

Watch, and the European Union all critical of the country's record. Indeed, most

international human rights organizations consider North Korea to have no contemporary

parallel with respect to violations of liberty’https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_North_Korea

Sources: https://i1.wp.com/stocknewsusa.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/South-Korea-to-inaugurate-center-meant-to-probe-and-collect-

North-Korea%E2%80%99s-human-rights-abuses.jpg?fit=640%2C480&ssl=1

https://internationalcriminallaw.files.wordpress.com/2014/05/19chappatte-master675.jp

DPRK-VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS

32

Describe the state of the North Korean economy compared to the South Korean

economy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_North_Korea

What is GDP, GDP per capita and the poverty level of North Korea?

o https://tradingeconomics.com/north-korea/gdp

o http://www.businessinsider.com/north-korea-2016-gdp-2017-7?IR=T

Do you think this information may be incorrect or biased?

Describe human wellbeing?

o Human Development Index http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/KOR

o Life expectancy

o Education-years of schooling

o Inequality

o Multidimensional poverty

o Access to water, sewage, health services and adequate shelter

o Access to internet

North Korea is considered a ‘failed state’. What does this mean?

https://www.nknews.org/2016/04/north-korea-is-a-failed-state/

Describe the human right violations in North Korea? https://www.hrw.org/world-

report/2017/country-chapters/north-korea

Explain inequality in North Korea and the development of the three tiered society.

North Korea is 30th-highest on the Fragile States Index (score: 93.3). List the indicators

used for this Index https://knoema.com/FSI2014/fragile-states-index-fsi-

2017?country=1000880-north-korea;

http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/https://i.ytimg.com/vi/4pzmc3t8fqw/hqdefault.jpg

https://cdn.thinglink.me/api/image/962592646243549187/1024/10/scaletowidth

ACTIVITIES