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; Re v. 6-72) NATI ONAL PAR K SER VI CE Mary l and COUNT y:

NATI ON AL REGIST ER Of HISTORIC PLACES Baltimore City INVEN TORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY

ENT RY D A T E:

( Type a ll e ntries comple te opplicab/e sections )

jl. NAME .,

COMMON: ~(8-'i.:5 8•) St . Alphonsus ' Church, Re ctorv , Convent and Halle

AND( OR H I S TORIC:

St . Alnhonsus ' Church 12. !,.O~ATION - t

~!_~T~=? N U M BER: (No . 114 Rectory) ( No . 112 116 West Saratoaa Street (Church] Conve ntl, ( NQ . 125- 121 ~

CITY OR TOWN ; C ON GRESSIONAL DISTRICT .

I Baltimore Third as of January 1973

~e ) S T ATE I CODE COUNTY : I C ODE

Maryland I 24 Baltimore City r 510 l;J. CLASSIFICATION

V') CATEGORY OWNE RSH IP STATUS

ACCESSIBLE I ( Check One) TO THE PUBLIC z 0

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0 D;strict [;{ Building 0 Pub li c Publ ic Acquisit i on: 0 Occ upied Yes: l I~ 0 In Process LJ Restricted I 0 Sile 0 Structure Private LJ Unoccupi ed

0 Objec t lo Both 0 Being Considered 0 Preser" ot ion work ~ Unre$trfc1ed I

in proore5" 0 No

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a::: ._ 0 Ag riculturol 0 Government 0 Pork 0 Tronsportotion 0 Comments

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&J Educotiona l 0 Militory U{ Religious i •

V') ' 0 En1ertoinme nt 0 M useum 0 Scienti fic I

... - -----1 z 14 OWt:IER Of PROPERTY

' OWNER ' S NAME: c: Vl

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St. Alphonsus ' Roman Catholic Conoreqation Inc . !-' " -< r ,,,

STREET AND NUMBER : I-' ·

w 114 West Saratoga Street :::::: 0

V'I CI T Y OR TOWN: STATE: ':OOF ~

i . Bal timore Marv land 24 c

. ·' is. LO(::ATION OF .l,.,~G~J- DES~RIPTION . .•

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ST.REET AN O NUMBER: ·< rt-< I-'<~

St. John ' s Colleae Camnus Coll<=>n~~ Av.on no -0 CITY OR TO WN : STATE car E" I Ii

Annapolis Maryland 24 r.

I 1·6. - ~-E.~_RES~N.JA..JJ.ON IN EXISTING SURVEYS ·.· ..

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TITLE OF SURVEY : I m z Baltimore City L andmark List

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D EPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS: I! z -0

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'DES.CR.jSE 'rHE: PFO.£St:N T ..\ N D ORIGl t.s A t.. (i f kn,>wn) PHYS IC I-. !,.. A P PE.ARAt<JCE

St . Alphonsus ' Church is located on t he northeast corne r of the inte r section of Park and Sara toga Stree ts in Ba l t i more .

St . Alphonsus ' Church is a Gothic-Reviva l building that combine s German and English Pe rpendicular Gothic details . St . Alphons us ' is basically a large recta ngular space with a i s les and nave of the same he ight . The uniform he i ght of the ceiling has a f e elihg similar to that of the box-like collegiate chapels in England , e . g . Kings College Chapel , Cambridge . At the same time the open interior space re­semb l es a "hall-church " familiar to the Redemptorists, who commissioned the Church in the Gothic architecture of thei r native Ge r many. The star-shaped vaults , although made of plaster , and the Pe rpendicular-style windows and tracery came from English source s . The effect produced by the duration is reminiscent of the interiors in the British House of Parliament by Charles Barry and Augustus Puzin . The walls and ceilings are stenciled with a strong geld accent . The clust2~cd iron colWJU1S are marbleized .

German Catholic exarr.ples provided the precedent for the apse containing the altar flanked on each side by a n apsidal space containing a side altar. On the exterior , the central tower located over the center door on the south facade has an appearance similar to towers found in many German towns.

The floor plan--notably the vestibule which runs the entire length of the southern end of the church -- is a characteristic of the architect , Robert Cary Long, Jr. The crenelation , the stripped buttresses, the seven bay, east and west, facades, and the box-like shape -- these elements of St . Alphonsus ' appear in Long ' s Franklin Street Presbyterian Church, Baltimore, a National Register of Historic Places property. Unlike the Franklin Street church, Long intended St . Alphonsus ' Church to be painted a warm buff color. In 1968, in a burst of "Colonial" enthusiasm, the church had the paint blasted off. Long did not object to bare brick walls , rather he felt that the quality of brick available to him at the time was not adequate to re­main bare .

In the nineteenth century the Redemptorists showed an appreciation for the architecture of Long ' s church and used similar designs for other church buildings on the same block . The three satellite buildings -- the Rectory, the Convent and the Halle--blend architecturally with St. Alphonsus' Church making a unified urban composition.

(see continuation sheet) . - - - __________________ __,

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--------------===--_""] PERIOD tC!JcLk On .. ~ o r .Hore ns Appro printc-)

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0 15th Ccn ru ry

L 16th Centu ry

L] 17 rh Century

lJ 18th C er.t ur y

.)( , !9 rh Cc~ • vry .=J 20~Cen tury ___ J

~c;EAS OF' S I GNIFICANCE

Abor igino l

(Ch e <: I< One or ,\iorr u~ A p p1upr;B te)

0 Educat i on

l~---'(~H~a~l~l~e~)~~~~~

0 Prehis to r ic

0 H is tor i c

0 Ag f i c u lture

::x A 1ch itecture

0 Art

Cl Comm erce

=i Communic::i tions

0 C onscrvot ion

ST A TEMENT O F S I GNIFICANCE

0 Engineering

0 I ndusHy

0 Inventi on

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Archi 1ec 1urc

lJ Litc101u1 e

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L! Polit ic a l • -~ Ur bon PI onnrng

·x ~e l i g;on Phi- j{: O rhe r ( Spedfr)

lo•oph y U:r:b a n b isto:r:y L"J Seience

[l Sc u lp tu •e

Cl Soc 10 I ' Human ..

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-. T ronspo1 to1 1o n

St . Alphonsus ' Chur ch is a n outstanding example of Americ an Early Got hic Re vival. Cons tru c t e d be twe en 18 42 and 184 4

I I I

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it is one of the f i r st Gothic buildings b a sed on a careful study of medieva l mode ls which is mos t frequently character­ized in the Anglo-American ecclesiological move ment . Phoebe B . Stanton , in The Gothic Re viva l and Ameri can Chu r ch Architecture An Episode in Ta ste , (Baltimore : 196 8, 2 25-23 8) h as given the best asse ssment of the architectura l signi f icanc~ .

Mrs . Stanton ' s book p l aces the Bal t i more architect, Robert Ca ry Lo ng , Jr. , i n t he same rank wi th Frank Wills , John Notrnan a nd John W. Priest . St. Alphonsus ' wa s Long ' s f irst maj o r commission . I n i t ' s design especially the interio r, h e benefited f rom his exposure to English Gothic Reviva l architec ts , notably A. W. Pugin . Long had trave l led in Europe a nd had s t udie d wi th Mar tin Euc l id Thomp s on in New York a nd with his fat her in Ba l timo re . Though his brief care e r was termi nated by h is e arly d e ath i n 1 849 , Long made a n i mpor t1 ant c on tribu tion to Ameri can Arc hitectural Theory , notab ly in a series of article s for The Literary Wo r l d (1848-1 849) and for The Uni t ed States Cat hol ic Maga zine (18~~) . .

St . Alphonsus ' Chu r ch, t he i nstitution , has played an importa nt role in t he h is tory of Baltimore . The Re d emptionist Fat h e rs , a Germa n ord e r of Roman Catholic pri e sts , r a ised t he money to hire Long a nd erect t he church . The Re demptionists had come to Baltimore to minister to the rising number of German immigrants. They erected a school at the same time as the· ·t!hurch and provided education before the public school system h a d r e ache d al l chi ldren . The school burned and was replace d by St . Alphonsus ' Halle (1873) which is still in use . In 1858 the Redemptionists began the St . Alphonsus ' Orphan Asylum for Ge rman orphans . Two years later the Al phonsus H~ll Buildi ng Association, which loaned mortgage money, be came an incor porated l e nding institution in Baltimore· City . I

The Redemptionists h ave severed their ties with Baltimore Citiy .

(see continuation sheet)

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·,

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f 9. --- --- ------ - --- -

MAJOR 616Ll0GRAPHICAL REFERE NCES ------- - -- ------ ---- ---

Baltimore City Land Records . Hal l of Records , Annapolis , Maryland .

Laws of Maryland 1841 . Chapter 26 .

. 1860 . Chapter 151.

Scharf , J . Thomas . History of Baltimore City and County From the Earliest Period to the Present Day : . . ..

110. GEOGRAPHICAL DATA · (see ·- - --- continuation sheet) __ .....:, LATITU C E ANO l ".>NGITUO E COORDINATES

0 L "Tl TUI"'!?' '-NC LC'NG I T "JO E COO.ROI~ AT f;:;

OE FINING A RECTANGLE LOC ATING ,.HE PR0° F P"T"Y DEFINING Th~ L o." T"-R POIN1 OF A ?.-OPERTY

- R,___ 2F L~S THAN TE N ACRES. -CORNER LA Tl TU O E LONGI TUOE L A T ! "rUOE LON GITUDE

Degrees Minu1es Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds Degtee$ M i n utes Seconds Degrees M jnutes Second s

NW 39 0 17' 36 5 76° 37 07 . 0 . 0 . . NE 39 ° 1 7' 36. 5 ' 76 ° 37 '03.5'" SE 39 ° 17' 33 . 76° 37. 03 . SW 3q Q 1 7' 3 2 ") I 76 <>_ 37. 06 . - I.

APP ROXIMATE ACREAGE OF NOMINAT E D PROPERTY: Six_ 1\.. IST "LL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING ST .. TE OR C<_=>UNTY BOUNDARIES

ST " TE: CODE COUNTY CODE

ST AT E : CODE COUNTY: CODE

STATE: CODE COU NT Y: CODE

STATE: CODE COUNTY: CODE

-NL FORM PREPARED BY '-NAME ANO Tl T LE:

Nancy Miller , Historian; Michael Bourne and William Morqan ORGAN IZ. ATION

' D ATE

Maryland Historical Trust Dec. 12 , 1972 S TRE ET ANO NUMBER:

2525 Riva Road CITY OR TOWN: STATE COD E

Annapolis Maryland 24 112. STATE LIAISON OFFICER .CERTIFICAl ION NATIONAL REGISTER VERIFICAT ION

As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na ·

tional Hi storic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public L a w r here by certify that this prope rty is included in the

89-665), r hereby nom inate this property for inclusion Nationa J Register

in the Nationa l Register and cer tify that it has been

Pvaluated accordin'-7; to the c·iteria and procedures set

forth by the Nat ional Park Service. The recomme nded

level of significance of this nomination is: Director, Office of Archeoloay and Historic Preservation

Natio nal ~ State D Local 0 I

{)~CW\&o 12.l'J!~,J D:He

Name

Orlando Ridout, ATTEST:

IV

Title State Liaison Offjcer for Maryland Keeper of The National R etJis ter

'Date December 13, 1972 Date

GPO 931-8!14

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Form 10 - ~00o UNI T FD STATF.5 DEPARTMENT OF THE IN TER I OR ( Dec. 1968) NATIONAL PARK SERVIC E

(Number a ll entries)

NATIONAL RE GISTER OF HISTORIC PLACE S

INVENTORY · NOMINATION FORM

(Continuation Sheet)

St . Alphonsus ' Church

-A~~yl and B-J.~ - ---- . U~ TY

altimore City ---- - -- - - -

[--;::,~: NPS USE ONLY

~~~1~-:-~

#6 - Representation in Existing Surveys (continued )

Maryland Register of Historic Sites and Landmarks 1972 State

Maryland Historical Trust 252 5 Riva Road Annapol i s Maryl and 24

#7 - Description - Continued

St . Alphonsus' Halle , at 125- 12 7 Saratoga Street , is a ~four-and-a-half-story brick structure with a central

~-4?> SI pavilion topped b y a gable . A lancet shaped brick arch frames the central door . The second and third-story windows on the pavilion are lancet shaped . The dormers of the Halle are English Gothic.

The Convent a t 112 W. Saratoga Stree t i s three stories high , set on a high basement. The structure has both common and Flemish bond on its principal (south) facade . There is a molded b r ick cornice. The windows have flat or jack arches and marble sills .

The Rectory at 114 W. Saratoga Street, between the Convent on the east and the Church on the west is a symmetrical, five-bay , four-story structure . Buil t of brick, there is a belt course between the third and f ourth stories .

#8 - Significance - Continue d

However , the independent congregation that owns the church 1s an active inner-city institution ministering to the needy, irrespective of any German extraction . They maintain the Halle , a rectory and a convent .

St. Alphonsus' Church and its satellite buildings on Saratoga Street, the Halle (No . 125- 127) , the rectory (No . 11 ) and the Convent (No. 112) define the urban street scape with an important unified architectural statement.

1 of 2 continuation shee ts ·

_-c.

~-------- ---Form 10-3000 (Dec. 1968}

UNI T CD STA TES DEPARTMENT OF Tiff INT[RIOR NATIONAL PARK SER VICE s~~T;yland 8-JJ ,_ - ~--·~---=-~~

COUNTY NATIONA L R EG ISTER OF HISTOR IC PL A CE S

INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM Baltimore City

-FOR NPS USE ON LY

(Con tinuation Sheet) E: NT RY NU IA E' ~-0-A --::-_ __._

(Number e ll e nt: i<'s)

St . Alphonsus ' Church

#9 - Major Bibliographical Refe rences (continued)

Stanton , Phoebe B . Notes on St . Alphon sus ' Church and on Robert Cary Long , Jr . The Johns Hopkins Univers ity , Baltimore, Maryland.

The Gothic Revival and American Church Architecture An Episode i n Taste 1840-1856 . Baltimore : The Johns -Hopkins Press , 1968 .

(continuation sheet number 2)

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Form 10·301 (July 1969)

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

PROPERTY MAP FORM

(Type all entries - attach to °' enclose with map)

TA T !:

Maryland COUNTY

Baltimore City FOR NPS USE ONLY

ENTRY NUMBER DATE

•, ~ .·

STREIET ANO NUM llER•

Church (No. 114 Rectory) , {No. 112 Convent) (No.125-127 Halle)

CITY OR TOWN1

ITATE: COUNTY : CODIE

Baltimore Cit 510 .·:: ..

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TO alE INCL U DED ON ALL MAPS

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NATION~EGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM

(Type all entries - attach to or enclose with phototrsph)

~--.. - -.------·.--··-land e - ;J:;J,.

Baltimor~~itl._ FOR NPS USE ON-L-Y--- ---f

ENTl'\Y NUMBER DATE

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TREn ANo NuM&ER: (No. 114 Rectory) (No. 112 Convent) 116 West Saratoga Street (Church), (No. 125-127 Halle)

CITY 0111 TOWN1

Baltimore TA TIE :

Maryland

IEGATIVE FILED AT:

Maryland Historical Trust, 2525 Riva Road, Annapolis, Maryland 21401

DESCRIBE VIEW, DllllECTION, ETC .

St. Alphonsus'Church - southwest facade

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(Ty-pe all entries - attach to or enclose with photograph) ENTRY NUMB£.. DATE

T .. Eli'.T AND NUMBER:

116 West Saratoga Street (Church), ec ory o.

125-127 Halle)

Baltimore City CODE

Cit 510

William Morgan June l

ECATIVE FIL.ED ATr

Maryland Historical Trust, 2525 Riva Road, Annapolis, Maryland 21401

DEsc·,.,.E V I EW, DIRECTION. ETC .

St , Alphonsus 1 Halle - north facade

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1. STA T E

COUNTY

Maryland Baltimore City

VICINITY TOWN

STREET NO . Park Ave . & Saratoga St .

ORIGINAL OWNER

0 RIG IN AL USE

PRESENT OWN ER

PRES ENT USE

WALL CONSTRUCTION

NO. OF STORIES

oo 2. 'l HISTORIC AME RICAN BUILDINGS SURVEY

INVENTORY B-~~l,.

2. NAME St . Al phonsus R. c. Church and related buildings

DA TE OR PERIOD

STY LE

ARCHITECT

Bl>ILDER

3. FOR LIBRARY OF CONGRESS USE

4. NOTABLE FEATURES, HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANC E AND DESCRIPTION OPEN TO PUBLIC

5. PHYSICAL CONDI T ION OF ~ T RUCTURE Endangered

6. LOCATION MAP (Pion Optional)

(). PUBLISHED SC>U RCES (Author, Title, Pages)

INT ERVI EWS, RECORDS, PHOTOS, '=TC.

Interior Exterior

7. PHOTOGRAPH

9. NAME, ADDRESS AND' Tl TLE OF RECORDER

DA TE OF RECORD

B-22 Saint Alphonsus Church 114-120 West Saratoga Stret Block 0579 Lot 018A Baltimore City Baltimore East Quad.

.................................. Louise K. Lanh Williams Road

Hydes, Maryland 21082

·································

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Hydes, Maryland 21082

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