a facilitation technique the art of questionning helen wythe
DESCRIPTION
A broad overview of the facilitation technique -questionning. After having completed this session, participants will: Appreciate questioning as a fundamental technique for eliciting, synthesizing, analyzing information and/or decision making. Be familiar with the range of questioning techniques such as: Chunking, Funnel and Probing questions. Understand how to effectively design a questioning process framework.TRANSCRIPT
The Art of QuestioningThe Art of QuestioningBy Facilitrix Helen – Helen Wythe
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 1
After having completed this session, g pparticipants will:◦ Appreciate questioning as a fundamental technique
for eliciting synthesizing analyzing informationfor eliciting, synthesizing, analyzing information and/or decision making.◦ Be familiar with the range of questioning
techniques such as: Chunking, Funnel and Probing questions.◦ Understand how to effectively design a questioning y g q g
process framework.
2Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com
Powerful questions, are the ones for which we d ’ l d hdon’t already have answers are open
invitations to creativity and innovation, calling forth ideas and insights that do notcalling forth ideas and insights that do not
yet exist.
3Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com
Key Facilitation Technique – Questioning
Benefits Of Using Questionsd l G◦ Modulate Group Dynamics
◦ Focus The Group◦ Beyond Recall of InformationBeyond Recall of Information◦ Builds Knowledge - Makes Connections◦ Directed Toward Learning - Evaluative Thinking
Moves Group Forward◦ Moves Group Forward◦ Results In Creative, Critical And Innovative
Thinking.
4Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com
With Any Topic and Process Design◦ Opening A Session ◦ Brainstorming Ideas◦ Synthesizing Large Number Of Ideas◦ Synthesizing Large Number Of Ideas ◦ Analyzing A Situation◦ Identifying Solutions ◦ Making Decisions ◦ Reviewing, Planning, Interpreting
D i A Cl i O A S i◦ Drawing A Closing On A Session
5Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com
Clear and Concise R l T S bj M i l d P i i Relevant To Subject Material and Participants
Inspire Participants To Think And Respond
The quality of the participants’ thinking, and subsequent responses will be influenced bysubsequent responses, will be influenced by the questioning techniques used by the meeting facilitator.
6Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com
Recognizes Wide Possibilities Of Thought
Builds Around Various Forms Of Thinking
Sparks Interest In Seeking Answers
Involves Critical And Creative Thinking
Provides Challenge But Not Too Overwhelming Provides Challenge But Not Too Overwhelming
7Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com
Creating Powerful Questions Thought Th h A d P d P i T M iThrough And Prepared Prior To Meeting
Attention To Three Aspects Attention To Three Aspects
◦ The Construction
◦ Scope
◦ Assumptions.
8Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com
Closed Questionsh C C ld ll ld Sh ll◦ Begin With Do, Is, Can, Could, Will, Would, Shall
Or Should◦ Only One Responsey p◦ Recall Information/Assess Prior Knowledge.
Open Ended Questions Open Ended Questions◦ Begin With Who, What, When, Where, Or How◦ Many Different Responsesy p◦ Responses Build On Group Knowledge◦ Stimulate Group Discussion.
9Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com
Look At The Type Of Question. Is It A Closed Question? (Only One Possible Answer)
U Diff L T Ch I I A Use Different Language To Change It Into An Open Question (With More Than One Answer).
10Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com
Who
WhatWhere
Topic
WhatWhere
WhyHow
When
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Purpose of Gathering, Analyzing, p g, y g,Synthesising And Evaluating Information
Chunking Questions * Funnel Questions Probing Questions * Focus Questions Directing Questions * Clarifying Questions Leading Questions * Process Questions Prompting Questions * Follow-Up
12Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com
Follow – Up Questions Prompt For ◦ Clarification◦ Perspectives◦ Rationale◦ Rationale◦ Options◦ Implications
13Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com
Little boy blue, come blow your horn The sheep's in the meadow, the cow's in the cornWhere is that boy who looks after the sheep?Where is that boy who looks after the sheep? Under the haystack fast asleep Will you wake him? Oh no, not I For if I do he will surely cryFor if I do he will surely cry
14Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com
Knowledge (Remembering): In this picture, what is the colour of the boy’s coat?y
Comprehension (Understanding): How would you describe the picture in your own words?A li ti (S l i ) D k lik Littl Application (Solving): Do you know someone like Little Boy Blue?
Analysis (Reasoning): Why might he have fallen asleep? Synthesis (Creating): How do you think he will explain
to the farmer how the cow got into the corn? Evaluation (Judging): Why do you think it matters if he Evaluation (Judging): Why do you think it matters if he
falls asleep even if no one ever finds out?
15Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com
Meeting Outcome
Process Design Outcome
Information Available
Participants
l bl Time Available
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Aim/Outcome/Deliverable/Objective◦ Information Gathering◦ Reviewing, Analyzing and Interpreting Information◦ Addressing IssuesAddressing Issues◦ Evaluating and Planning ◦ Making A Decision◦ Taking Action◦ Taking Action
Individual, Small Group – Large Group
Natural Thinking Process
17Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com
What/FactsWhat/Facts
Gut Reaction/FeelingsGut Reaction/Feelings
So What?/ImplicationsSo What?/Implications
Now What?/DecisionsNow What?/Decisions
18Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.comAdapted from ICA Associates
Waking Waking Up In the MorningUp In the Morning “What”/ Facts The alarm clock rings
“Gut Reaction” / You groan feel tired Gut Reaction / You groan, feel tired, Feelings want more sleep
“So What” / You remember that So What / You remember that Implications you have an early
morning meeting
“N Wh ” / Y d “Now What” / You get up and get Decisions ready for work
19Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com
People walk in takeOBJECTIVE
People walk in, take things in with their
senses.
Begin to sense, like, don't like emotions
REFLECTIVE
don t like, emotions & feelings stir,
associations are made, memories rise
to the surface
INTERPRETIVE
Make conscious connections,
thoughts arise, words, ideas form, understanding, we
DECISIONAL
think about what's going on
Consider actions, decisions choices
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DECISIONAL decisions, choices, what to do, how to respond, how to
relateAdapted from ICA Associates
Getting To Know One Another
Clarifying Expectations
Building Commitment
Developing Working Guidelines
Decision Making Ground Rules
21Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com
Think, Pair, Square and Share - Design Aim: The Team will create a set of Working Guidelines Aim: The Team will create a set of Working Guidelines. What Working Guidelines does our Team require to create a
productive working environment? – Focus Question Individually – Jot down 2-3 key responses to this focus Individually Jot down 2 3 key responses to this focus
question. Pairs – Share your responses with one another person and
merge your Working Guideline requirements. Square – With another pair – Share your responses and merge
your Working Guideline requirements. Share - All groups share their responses. (Document on Flipchart)◦ Where does there appear to be agreement on Working Guidelines?◦ Where does there seem to be two ideas that are similar? How can we merge them to
create another Working Guideline we can agree to?◦ Read list of Working Guidelines Is this Working Guidelines that our Team needs to
create a productive work environment?create a productive work environment?
22Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com
What?
The Notice Questions
Objective And Reflective ObservationsActionsActions
So What?
The MeaningQ ti
Now What?
The ApplicationQ ti Questions
Interpretive
Questions
Decisional
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ReflectionsHelen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com
Adapted from Making Questions Work Dorothy Strachan
“What” ?R i h t th k d f l b t◦ Raise awareness what they know and feel about something. As we begin this planning session, what is in the front of your
mind with respect to this Project? What have noticed ismind with respect to this Project? What have noticed is different about this Project? What is happening here?
“So What”◦ Three Areas of Focus◦ Three Areas of Focus What patterns do you see here? How do you account for what is happening here? What does all this mean? What does all this mean?
“Now What”◦ The Applications Questions (Actions)
24Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com
1. Understanding the Situation - Objective
2. Clarifying the Issues – Reflective/Interpretive
3 G ti O ti I t ti3. Generating Options - Interpretive
4. Testing Options - Interpretive
5. Making a Decision – Decisional
6. Taking Action - Decisional
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Addressing Issues
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.comAdapted from Making Questions Work Dorothy Strachan
1. What words would you use to describe the issue facing the Team associated with this Project?
2.What recurring patterns do you see here?
3. What do we need to do to get unstuck and address this issue successfully?
4. What are the benefits and drawbacks of each of these options?
5. According to the criteria we agreed upon, which of these three options fits best?
6. What factors do we need to consider that could impact implementation?could impact implementation?
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Addressing Issues
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com
Looking Backward◦ Whole Experience
Looking Forward◦ Celebrating Successp
◦ Learning◦ Productivity ◦ Managing the Process
Celebrating Success◦ Building Ownership◦ Taking Action◦ Future CollaborationManaging the Process ◦ Future Collaboration
27Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com
Enabling Action Design Aim: To clarify the impact of the meeting by providing anAim: To clarify the impact of the meeting by providing an opportunity for participants to debrief the session teasing out the learning’s and insights.
Let’s look back at our experience of this meeting.h d d h d bWhat words and or phrases do you remember?
What is one thing that stood out for you during today’s meeting? What did we get done during this meeting?What were high points of the meeting?
h d d lWhere did we struggle?What was a turning point in the meeting?What new vantage point has this meeting given us?What’s the Team’s next step in implementing what we decided during thi ti ?this meeting?What are you going to focus on in relation to (Topic) as a result ofparticipating in this meeting?This meeting has been a significant step in moving this project forward.
28Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com
Prepare To Draw Range of Responses
Miss Allowing For Individual ThoughtRange of Responses
From Participants Use A Variety Of
Individual Thought Before Allowing ResponsesG Di d If Use A Variety Of
Techniques Provide Feedback
A d R i f
Get Discouraged If Your First Question Bombs – Rephrase
And Reinforcement Spread Questions
Around The Group
p Skimp on the
Questions - Plan for More Than You Need
Do’s Don’ts
Around The Group. More Than You Need
29Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com
After having completed this session, g pparticipants will:◦ Appreciate questioning as a fundamental technique
for eliciting synthesizing analyzing informationfor eliciting, synthesizing, analyzing information and/or decision making.◦ Be familiar with the range of questioning
techniques such as: Chunking, Funnel and Probing questions.◦ Understand how to effectively design a questioning y g q g
process framework.
30Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com
Th F ili i W The Facilitative Way◦ Priscilla H. Wilson◦ 0-9729764-0-x
Making Questions Work◦ Dorothy StrachanDorothy Strachan◦ 0-86571-416-9
The Art of Focused Conversations The Art of Focused Conversations◦ R. Brain Stanfield◦ 0-7879-8727-1
31Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com
The Art of QuestioningThe Art of Questioning
Helen J. Wythe & Associates 2009 www.hjwythe.com 32