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A Framework for Water Security Assessment at City Scale: Application to

Bangkok

Informal roundtable on addressing water scarcity through cost effective and innovative responsible business practices

(RBP) in the Resort Industry in ESCAP Countries

25-26 August, 2016

Victor R. Shinde, PhD Senior Specialist in Water Engineering and Management Asian Institute of Technology victorshinde@ait.asia

Content

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Background and context

Conceptual model

City-scale water security assessment framework

Application of the developed framework

Customizing the project concept for the private sector

Water security vs water scarcity

Water Security captures the complex concept of holistic water

management and the balance between resource protection and its use

(GWP, 2000).

Background and Context

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Scale of assessment

Scale is critical in assessing water security. National level assessments

(traditionally done) make it difficult to take action at operationalization

level.

Measuring water security

Water security needs to be represented by indicators to facilitate its

quantification

Conceptual model

4

What are the characteristics of an ideal water-secure city?

Feature Dimension of Water Security

There will be sufficient water for domestic, industrial

and business use

Availability index

Water supplied will be of good quality Quality index

Water will be a valued economic good Water productivity index

The city will be adequately protected from water related

disasters

Disaster control index

The water sources and bodies will be free from pollution

and contamination

Environment protection index

Citizens will be aware of water-related problems and

issues

Public consciousness index

There will be practical, and enforceable, water laws and

acts

Management index

There will be a continuous attempt to “look into the

future” and plan accordingly

Adaptability index

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Conceptual model

Overall Water Security Index (WSI)

Dimension 1

Dimension 2

Dimension i

Parameter 1

Parameter j

Indicator 1

Indicator k

Specific

Measurable

Attainable

Relevant

Time-bound

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Water Security Index

Domestic

water security

(DWS)

Governance &

Management

(GM)

Environmental

water security

(ENWS)

Economic

water security

(EWS)

Water-related

disaster

(WD)

WSI = (DWS + EWS + ENWS + WD + GW

𝟓)

WSI = f (DWS, EWS, ENWS, WD, GM)

City-scale water security assessment

framework

WSI = Water Security Index

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Dimension Parameter No. Indicator Unit

Domestic water

security

Water quantity 1

Proportion of coverage area in piped water

supply system (I11) %

2 Water consumption per capita (I12) l/c/d

Water quality 3 Conforming to water quality standards (I13) %

Economic water

security

Non-agriculture 4 Non-agricultural water productivity (I21) US$/m3

Agriculture 5 Agricultural water productivity (I22) US$/m3

Environmental

water security

Water pollution 6 Ratio of treated to total wastewater (I31) %

Resource

protection 7 Water-body health in the city (I32) 0-100

Water-related

disaster

Flood damage 8 Flood depth (I41) cm

Rainfall variation 9 Deviation from normal rainfall (I42) mm

Governance and

management

Coping Capacity 10 GPP per capita (I51) US$/

capita

Water use

efficiency

11 Leakage in water supply system (I52) %

12 Ratio of water reuse to total wastewater (I53) %

Note: I = Indicator, WS= Water security

City-scale water security assessment

framework

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Representation and interpretation of WSI

1. Representation of WSI

2. Interpretation of WSI

Representation by a numerical value for

interpreting the level of water security

Level of WSI Interpretation

1 water insecure

2 low water security

3 medium water security

4 high water security

5 very high water security

Scoring system from 1 to 5 following

(AWDO, 2013)

City-scale water security assessment

framework

Application of the developed water security framework

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Bangkok was divided into two broad areas (Eastern area and Western area).

Further, water security was also assessed at district level that included five districts

(Sathon, LatPhrao, Nong Chok, Bangkok Noi and Nong Kheam).

Western

Gulf of Thailand

Eastern

Study Area

(Land Development Department, 2009)

Bangkok

Study Area: Bangkok

0

1

2

3

4

5

Eastern Western Whole city

The overall water security of Bangkok

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

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Legend

Overall WSI

0

1

2

3

4

5

Eastern Western Whole city

The overall water security of Bangkok

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

1

2

3

4

5

Eastern Western Whole city

Domestic water security of Bangkok

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

1

2

3

4

5

Eastern Western Whole city

Economic water security of Bangkok

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

1

2

3

4

5

Eastern Western Whole city

Environmental water security of Bangkok

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

1

2

3

4

5

Eastern Western Whole city

Water-related disaster of Bangkok

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

1

2

3

4

5

Eastern Western Whole city

Governance and management of Bangkok

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Domestic WS

Economic WS

Environmental WS

Water-related disaster Governance & management

Application of the developed water security framework

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Comparison of water security status at different spatial scales

0

1

2

3

4

5WSI 2014

Whole city

Eastern

Western

Sathon[E]

Lat Phrao[E]

Nong Chok[E]

Bangkok Noi[W]

Nong Kheam[W]

DW: Domestic WS

EWS: Economic WS

ENWS: Environmental WS

WD: Water-related disaster

GM: Governance & Management

[E]: Eastern

[W]: Western

0

1

2

3

4

5WSI 2014

Whole city

Western

Bangkok Noi[W]

Nong Kheam[W]

EWS

ENWS WD

GM

DWS

0

1

2

3

4

5WSI 2014

Whole city

Eastern

Western

DWS

EWS

ENWS WD

GM

0

1

2

3

4

5WSI 2014

Whole city

Eastern

Sathon[E]

Lat Phrao[E]

Nong Chok[E]

DWS

EWS

ENWS WD

GM

0

1

2

3

4

5WSI 2014

Whole city

Eastern

Western

Sathon[E]

Lat Phrao[E]

Nong Chok[E]

Bangkok Noi[W]

Nong Kheam[W]

DWS

EWS

ENWS WD

GM

Eastern, Western and Whole city Eastern, Districts [E] and Whole city

Western, Districts [W] and Whole city All of different spatial scales

Application of the developed water security framework

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Comparison of water security status at different temporal scale

0

1

2

3

4

5

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Eastern area

0

1

2

3

4

5

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Western area

0

1

2

3

4

5

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Whole city

Overall WSI of Bangkok

Application of the developed water security framework

Concluding Remarks

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Project Title: Developing a Decision Support Tool to enhance

sustainable water supply for industries in Thailand

Duration: 2 years

Core Team: Prof. Mukand S. Babel and Dr. Victor R. Shinde

The main objective of this project is to develop a Decision Support Tool to

enhance sustainable water supply for Japanese industries in Thailand.

Specifically, the project will focus on the following:

1. Develop an inventory of industrial water use and associated statistics.

2. Develop a framework to evaluate water-related risks.

3. Identify, and recommend, measures to enhance sustainable water supply.

Proposal under consideration at Deloitte Tohmatsu

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR

ATTENTION