Global Perspective

Jennifer Morgan, DirectorWRI Climate and Energy Program

To move human society to live in ways that protect Earth's environment and its capacity to provide for the needs and aspirations of current and future generations.

WRI’s Mission

Source: Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the United States Using Existing Federal Authorities and State Action, World Resources Institute, 2010

U.S. GHG Emissions Target for 2020

Pres. Obama calls for clean energy standards

Offshore drilling expanded

EPA ozone rules delayed

National vehicle rules established

EPA Mercury &Air Toxics Rules

U.S. Climate Policy - 2011

CA Air Resources Board adopts final cap-and-trade regulation

Jan. Mar.

Jul.

Keystone decision delayed

Nov.

Oct.

Dec.

NREL, Break-Even Cost for Residential Photovoltaics in the United States, 2009, Figure 8.

Residential Solar Power by 2015 (U.S.)

China: Wind energy competitive in two years and solar PV by 2015.

Germany: Wind electricity spot prices cheaper than fossil fuels some days in 2011.

FL, NC, NJ, Southwest: Solar PV close to competitive with fossil fuels.

Italy, Spain, Greece & Portugal: Solar PV competitive within two years.

Island Nations, Japan & Hawaii: Solar PV competitive within two years.

And competitively priced renewables are not just taking off in the U.S…

India: Solar PV competitive with on-grid diesel generation.

Brazil: In 2011, Wind energy auctions undercut price of natural gas.

China’s 12th Five Year Plan: New Environmental Targets

Renewables (GW total installed capacity)

2016

Hydro 260

Wind 100

Solar 15

Bio-energy 13 Air and Water Quality Reduction by 2016

SO2 8%

Chemical Oxygen Demand 8%

NOx 10%

Ammonia Nitrogen 10%

Climate Goals by 2016

Carbon Intensity 17% reduction

Energy Intensity 16% reduction

Domestic Forest Cover1.25 mil. hectare increase

600 mil. m3 stock volume increase

Non-fossil share of primary energy 11.4%

Sources: Deborah Seligsohn on ChinaFAQs; The Climate Group; Reuters

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Total Primary Energy Consumption 2010

REHydroNuclearGasOilCoal

China’s 12th Five Year Plan: Sub-national Initiatives

• Carbon Trading Pilots in 7 Provinces & Cities:

BeijingShanghai

TianjinGuangdong

ChongqingHubei

Shenzhen

• Low-carbon plans for designated provinces and cities

• Allocated Energy Intensity Reduction Targets for all provinces and municipalities

• Official “Barometer” for progress on regional energy goals

Carbon Trading Pilots

Low-Carbon Provinces &

Cities

Looking Ahead:National Energy or Coal Cap

Source: Angel Hsu on ChinaFAQsPhoto: Petteri Sulonen

• China is considering setting a national cap on energy or coal consumption

• Ultimate aim is to limit the use of coal.

• In addition to considering a cap, there is already a volume-based resource tax on coal

• Consequences for coal consumption and CO2 emissions will depend on how stringent the cap is

Jobs in the renewable energy sources sector in Germany

3,400

9,500

56,800

63,900

4,500

8,100

119,500

85,700

6,500

14,500

7,800

102,100

7,500

13,300

7,600

120,900

122,000

96,100

1,800

25,100

10,300

49,20080,600

128,000

0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000

Geothermal energy

Hydropower

Solar energy

Biomass

Wind energy

Increase: approx. 129 %

Figures for 2009 and 2010 are provisional estimate; deviations in totals are due to rounding;Source: O’Sullivan/Edler/van Mark/Nieder/Lehr: "Bruttobeschäftigung durch erneuerbare Energien im Jahr 20010 – eine erste Abschätzung", as at: March 2011; interim report of research project „Kurz-

und langfristige Auswirkungen des Ausbaus erneuerbarer Energien auf den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt“; image: BMU / Christoph Busse / transit

Publicly funded research /

administration 2004 2007 2009 2010

160,500 jobs

277,300jobs

367,400 jobs

339,500jobs

BMU- KI III 1 Renewable Energy in Germany, 2010

Moving forward from Durban