a. grinbaum – Нанотехнологии в большом мире

Нанотехнологиив большом мире

Alexei GrinbaumFrench Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Saclay

Alexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM

French debates in 2009-2010


www.nanomonde.org

France: debatpublic-nano.org


Netherlands: Nanopodium.nl


UK: nano and me


Nano: a threefold definition

Scientific and technological Observe and understand Construct and use

Economic, industrial and financial Overall Rosnano investment over $3 bn Investment in Russia in 2011: $1bn federal, $1.9bn private Market in Russia ~ $350 mln in 2011

Source: Rosnano annual report for 2011

Societal Hopes, worries, promises, risks…


1 nanometer (nm) = 10-9 m = 0, 000 000 001 m

Nanometer, a scale

Cat1 mVirus

70 nm

Acari200 µmBacterium

1 µm

Hair50 µm

1 m1 cm1 mm1 pm 1 µm1 nm

NANOMONDE

Tennis ball≈ 5 cm

Ant1 cm

DNA2 nm

Carbon atom(graphite)

0,1 nm


What changes at the nanometer scale Some properties of matter are size-dependent:

Chemical properties (catalysis) Optical properties (color) Electric properties (conductivity) Magnetic properties Mecanical properties (strength) Thermic properties (fusion temperature)

Gold and silver nanoparticleschange color as a function of size and shape:


Is nano new?

Nanoscale properties usedsince Antiquity:

Lycurgus cup(IV century BC)

Briti

sh M

useu

m

Nanoscale properties studied for over 100 years:In biology: viruses, proteins…In chemistry: chemical reactions…In physics: atom models…


Getting access to the nanoscale New tools for observation and action


Novelty causes fear

“And he [Tobias] went out to wash his feet, and beholda monstrous fish came up to devour him. And Tobiasbeing afraid of him, cried out with a loud voice, saying:Sir, he cometh upon me. And the angel said to him:Take him by the gill, and draw him to thee. And whenhe had done so, he drew him out upon the land, and hebegan to pant before his feet. Then the angel said tohim: Take out the entrails of the fish, and lay up hisheart, and his gall, and his liver for thee: for these arenecessary for useful medicines.” Tobit 6, 2-5

Filippino Lippi, National Gallery, WashingtonAlexei Grinbaum, CEA-Saclay/SPEC/LARSIM

Energy: example of batteriesPour 150 kg de batteries

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020Années

Aut

onom

ie (k

m)

NiCd(45 km)Plomb

(30 km)

LiFePO4 nano

Nano Silicon

NiMH(70 km)

Li-ion 2010(150 km)

Li-ion 2015(300 km)


Extrait par l’OMNT avec la permission de Small 6, 2336 (2010). Copyright 2010 Wiley-VCH.

Nanomedicine

Imaging and imagining the nanoscale

F. Beron O. Cibois

Electron scanning micrograph to record the overloading of a CoFeB magnetic array



F. Beron



O. Cibois


European regulation of nano Chemical products:

REACH directive, technical guidelines for nanomaterials in 2012

Medical devices: Existing legislation considered adequate

Food products: Novel Foods Act under discussion

Cosmetics: new legislation since november 2009,mandatory labeling from 2014: Titanium Dioxide [nano]

« Soft law » :Code of good conduct in 2008, Communication on responsible research and innovation late 2012-early 2013


Opinion on

Nanosilver: safety, health and environmental effects and role in

antimicrobial resistance


www.nanosmile.org


Responsible innovation

Alexei Grinbaum (CEA/LARSIM)

Инженер рассмотрел грунт и долго, по инерциисамодействующего разума, свободного от надежды и желанияудовлетворения, рассчитывал тот грунт на сжатие идеформацию. Прежде, во время чувственной жизни ивидимости счастья, Прушевский посчитал бы надежностьгрунта менее точно, — теперь же ему хотелось беспрерывнозаботиться о предметах и устройствах, чтобы иметь их в своемуме и пустом сердце вместо дружбы и привязанности клюдям. Занятие техникой покоя будущего зданияобеспечивало Прушевскому равнодушие ясной мысли,близкое к наслаждению, — и детали сооружения возбуждалиинтерес, лучший и более прочный, чем товарищескоеволнение с единомышленниками. Вечное вещество, ненуждавшееся ни в движении, ни в жизни, ни в исчезновении,заменяло Прушевскому что-то забытое и необходимое, каксущество утраченной подруги.

Андрей Платонов «Котлован»

a. grinbaum – Нанотехнологии в большом мире

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