a journey through the secret life of models - umaav/publicaciones/08/dagstuhl-avallecillo.pdf ·...
TRANSCRIPT
E01-EDI
Data Warehouse(Interfaces to and from the
Data Warehouse are notdisplayed on this diagram)
G02 -
GeneralLedger
A05 -
AP
S01 -
SalesCorrections
I01 POReceiving
I03 Return toVendor
I06 WarehouseManagement
MaininframePC/NT apps Unix apps3rd Party Interface
S06 -
Credit App
P15 EES EmployeeChange Notice
OTHER APPS -
PCAP -
Collections/CreditTM -
Credit Card DB
ACCTS REC APPS -
PC990CORBad Debt
Beneficial FeesBeneficial Reconcile
JEAXFJEBFAJEBKAJEDVAJESOAJEVSAJEVSF
NSFTeleCredit Fees
INVENTORY CONTROL APPS -
PCCode Alarm
Debit ReceivingsDevo Sales
Display InventoryIn Home
JunkoutsMerchandise Withdrawal
Promo CreditsRTV Accrual
ShrinkAP Research -
Inv CntrlAP Research-Addl Rpts
Book to Perpetual InventoryClose Out Reporting
Computer Intelligence DataCount Corrections
Cross Ref for VCB DnldsDamage Write OffDebit Receivings
DFI Vendor DatabaseDisplay Inventory ReconcileDisplay Inventory Reporting
INVENTORY CONTROL APPS -
PCDPI/CPI
IC BatchingInventory Adj/Count CorrectInventory Control Reports
Inventory LevelsInventory Roll
Merchandise WithdrawalOpen ReceivingsPI Count Results
PI Time Results from InvPrice Protection
Sales Flash ReportingShrink Reporting
SKU Gross MarginSKU Shrink Level Detail
USMVCB Downloads
Journal Entry Tool Kit
Scorecard -
HR
L02-ResourceScheduling
P09 -
P17Cyborg
M02 -
Millennium
M03 -
Millennium 3.0
Banks -
ACH and Pos toPay
Cobra
B01 -
StockStatus
S03-Polling
P14 On-line NewHire Entry
CTS
Plan Administrators(401K, PCS, Life,
Unicare, SolomonSmith Barney)
D01 Post LoadBilling
I04 HomeDeliveries
I02 -Transfers
Arthur Planning
I07 PurchaseOrder
I12 EntertainmentSoftware
I05Inventory Info
E13E3 Interface
S04 -
Sales Posting
V01-Price ManagementSystem
I10 Cycle PhysicalInventory
I55 SKUInformation
K02Customer Repair
Tracking I35 Early WarningSystem
B02 MerchandiseAnalysis
I13-
AutoReplenishment
U18 -
CTO
Intercept
I09 Cycle Counts
E02-EmployeePurchase
Texlon 3.5
ACH
Stock Options
I17 Customer PerceivedIn-Stock
U16-Texlon
SiteSeer
C02 -
CapitalProjects
F06 -
FixedAssets
US Bank ReconFile
Star Repair
EDICoordinator
Mesa Data
NEW SoundscanNPD Group
AIG Warranty Guard
Resumix
Optika
Store BudgetReporting
P16 -
Tally Sheet
Cash Receipts/Credit
S05 -
HouseCharges
Ad Expense
L01-PromoAnalysis
V02-PriceMarketingSupport
BMP -
Busperformance Mngt
StoreScorecard
I11 PriceTesting
Valley Media
P09Bonus/HR
I15 Hand ScanApps
Roadshow
POS
S08 -
VertexSalesTax
A04 -
CustRefund Chks
Equifax
ICMS Credit
CellularRollover
S09 -
DigitalSatelliteSystem
NPD,SoundScan
Sterling VANMailbox (Value)
I18SKU Rep
X92-X96Host to AS400
Communication
S02 -Layaways
Washington,RGIS,
Ntl Bus Systems
V04-SignSystem
I14 Count CorrectionsNARM
P01-EmployeeMasterfile
I06 -
CustomerOrder
FrickCo
UAR -
Universal AccountReconciliation
DepositoryBanks
S07 -
CellPhones
S11 -
ISPTracking
AAS
Fringe PO
Cash Over/Short
L60 MDFCoop SKU Selection
Tool
SKUPerformance
SupplierCompliance
1
I35 -
CEIASIS
Misc Accounting/Finance Apps -
PC/NTCOBA (Corp office Budget Assistant)
PCBS(Profit Center Budget System)Merchandising Budget
AIMSMerch Mngr Approval
Batch ForecastingAd Measurement
AIMS Admin
AIMSReportingAd
Launcher
V03-
MktReactions
SpecSource
CTO2
RebateTransfer
SignSystem
CopyWriter'sWorkspace
ELTPowerSuite
StoreMonitor
AIS Calendar
Stores & Mrkts
Due Dates
Smart Plus
InsertionsOrders
BudgetAnalysis Tool
Print CostingInvoice App
AIS Reports
BroadcastFilter
Smart PlusLauncher
GeneralMaintenance
Printer PO
PrinterMaintenance
VendorMaintenance
Vendor Setup
Connect 3
Connect 3Reports
Connect 3PDF Transfer
Spec SourceSKU Tracking
S20-SalesPolling
Prodigy
PSP
In-HomeRepair
WarrantyBillingSystem
Process Servers(Imaging)
Design of a real Retail application
Complexity (ii)
Different stakeholders’
viewpoints (SoC)
SystemSystem
OwnerOwner
ProgrammerProgrammer
EndEnd--useruser
MaintainerMaintainer
TesterTester
Multiple aspects of a system. Consistency
[Borrowed
from
Dov
Dori’s
Tutorial
on
SysML Modeling
at
TOOLS 2008]
Lack of (integrated) analysis tools
Material Model ABB:
Continuum ABBs:
E
α
One D LinearElastic Model
ΔT
σ
τ
ν
γ
G
ε
εe
εt
material model
polar moment of inertia, Jradius, r
undeformed length, Lo
twist, ϕ
theta start, ϕ1
theta end, ϕ2
r1
12 ϕϕϕ −=
r3
0Lrϕγ =
JrTr
=τ
torque, Tr
xTT
G, r, γ, τ, φ, φ1, φ2 ,J
Lo
y
material model
temperature, T
reference temperature, To
force, F
area, A
undeformed length, Lo
total elongation, ΔL
length, Lstart, x1
end, x2
E
α
One D LinearElastic Model
(no shear)
ΔT
εσ
εe
εt
r1
12 xxL −=
r2
oLLL −=Δ
r4
AF
=σ
edb.r1
oTTT −=Δ
r3
LLΔ
=ε
xFF
E, A, α
ΔLLo
ΔT, ε , σ
yL
Torsional Rod
Extensional Rod
temperature change, ΔT
cte, α
youngs modulus, E
stress, σ
shear modulus, G
poissons ratio, ν
shear stress, τ shear strain, γ
thermal strain, εt
elastic strain, εe
strain, ε
r2
r1)1(2 ν+= EG
r3
r4Tt Δ= αε
Eeσε =
r5
Gτγ =
te εεε +=
σ
ε
1D Linear Elastic Model
material
effective length, Leff
linear elastic model
Lo
Extensional Rod(isothermal)
F
ΔL
σ
A
L
ε
E
x2
x1
youngs modulus, E
cross section area, A
al1
al3
al2
linkage
mode: shaft tension
condition reaction
allowable stress
stress mos model
Margin of Safety(> case)
allowableactual
MS
Analysis Templatesof Diverse Behavior & Fidelity
(CBAMs)MCAD Tools
Materials LibrariesIn-House, ...
FEAAnsys
Abaqus*
CATIA Elfini*MSC Nastran*
MSC Patran*
NX Nastran*
...
General MathMathematica
Matlab*
MathCAD*
...
Analyzable Product Model(APM)
Extension
Torsion
1D
1D
Analysis Building Blocks(ABBs)
CATIA, NX,Pro/E*, ...
Analysis Solvers(via SMMs)
Design Tools
2D
flap_link
critical_section
critical_simple
t2f
wf
tw
hw
t1f
area
effective_length
critical_detailed
stress_strain_model linear_elastic
E
ν
cte area
wf
tw
hw
tf
sleeve_1
b
h
t
b
h
t
sleeve_2
shaft
rib_1
material
rib_2
w
t
r
x
name
t2f
wf
tw
t1f
cross_section
w
t
r
x
R3
R2
R1
R8
R9
R10
6R
R7
R12
11R
1R
2
3
4
5
R
R
R
R
name
linear_elastic_model ν
wf
tw
tf
inter_axis_length
sleeve_2
shaft
material
linkage
sleeve_1
w
t
r
E
cross_section:basic
w
t
rLws1
ts1
rs2
ws2
ts2
rs2
wf
tw
tf
E
ν
deformation model
σx,max
ParameterizedFEA Model
stress mos model
Margin of Safety(> case)
allowableactual
MS
ux mos model
Margin of Safety(> case)
allowableactual
MS
mode: tensionux,max
Fcondition reaction
allowable inter axis length change
allowable stress
ts1
B
sleeve1
B ts2
ds2
ds1
sleeve2
L
shaft
Leff
θs
rib1 rib2
material
effective length, Leff
deformation model
linear elastic model
Lo
Torsional Rod
G
ϕ
τ
J
γ
r
θ2
θ1
shear modulus, G
cross section:effective ring polar moment of inertia, J
al1
al3
al2a
linkage
mode: shaft torsion
condition reactionT
outer radius, ro al2b
stress mos model
allowable stress
twist mos model
Margin of Safety(> case)
allowableactual
MS
Margin of Safety(> case)
allowableactual
MS
allowabletwist
Linkage Extensional Model
Linkage Plane Stress Model
Linkage Torsional Model* = Item not yet available in toolkit—all others have working examples 2007-04
Parts LibrariesIn-House*, ...
LegendTool AssociativityObject Re-use
[Borrowed
from
Russell
Peak
presentation
at
OMG, 2007]
We need to be able (at least) to:
Deal with both the accidental
and the essential complexity of large-scale software systems
Use separate viewpoints
to specify systems (each viewpoint
uses its corresponding DSL)Check the consistency
of multi-viewpont
specifications
Animate
models Explicitly define behavioral semantics
of DSLs
so that models
can be understood, manipulated and maintained by both users and machinesDefine different
semantics (separate concerns)
Analyse
modelsAdd Non-Functional Properties
(Time, Probabilities,…) to DSLs
Connect DSLs
to Analysis tools
An example of a (more useful) DSL
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZNTgglPbUA
Use of models to connect the tools
Simulation Templatesof Diverse Behavior & Fidelity
ECAD & MCAD Tools
Libraries & DatabasesClassification Codes, Materials,
Personnel, Procedures, …
CFDFlotherm, Fluent, …
General MathMathematica,
Maple, Matlab,…
Augmented Descriptive Models
EvacuationMgt.
DamagedStability
2D
Simulation Building Blocks
Tribon, CATIA, NX, Cadence, ...
Simulation Solvers
System DescriptionTools & Resources
3D
FEAAbaqus, Ansys,
Nastran, …
Operation Mgt. Systems …Propeller
Hydro-dynamics
Evacuation CodesEgress, Exodus, …
NavigationAccuracy
Systems & Software ToolsDOORS, Studio,
MagicDraw,Eclipse, …
…
Optimization Templates
…
Discrete EventArena, Quest, …
Tool AssociativityObject Re-useLegend Tool AssociativityObject Re-useLegend
[Borrowed
from
Russell
Peak
presentation
at
OMG, 2007]
Q2. How do we add behavior?
…to animate models (i.e., execute them)
…to be able to conduct simulations
…to be able to perform different kinds of (automated) analysis
Semantic bridges between Semantic Domains
Precise semanticsA set of (equivalent) notationsA set of Analysis ToolsUnderlying logic
Q3. How to implement Semantic Mappings?
As Model Transformations!!!
TypesDomesticHorizontalVerticalAbstractingRefiningPruningForgetful…
Q5. How to add time
Using in-place model transformationsBut adding the duration of the action
l:[NAC] x LHS → RHSt
Precise Semantics of Timed Rules
Defined by a Semantic Mapping to Real-Time Maude
This makes models amenable to formal analysis using the Real-Time toolkit!
More NFP required
In addition to time…
ProbabilitiesResource consumptionSLAs…
How to add them to our behavioral specifications?How to connect them to existing analysis tools?
Q6.What is a Multiviewpoint
Specification
This is the approach used by most EAFs
No correspondences between the viewpoint elements… …
or trivially based on name matching
Others assume the existence of a global metamodel
A global metamodel
Easier to manipulate from a theoretical point Simplifies reasoning about consistency
BUT…
The granularity and level of abstraction of the viewpoints can be arbitrarily different The viewpoints may have very different formal semanticsShould it consist of the intersection or of the union of all viewpoints elements?
Both approaches have serious problems with extensibility and expressiveness (not to mention complexity of the second approach –
think in the UML 2.0 metamodel).
A global metamodel (i.e., Sauron’s
approach to UML)
The lord of the Metamodels(obviously, adapted)
Three notations for the Structure modelers under the sky,
Seven for the Behavior modelers in their halls of stone,
Tree for Mortal Men doomed to die,
One for the Designer of the Whole system on his dark throne
In the Land of Mordor
where the Shadows lie.
One Metamodel to rule them all, One Metamodel to find them,
One Metamodel to bring them all and in the darkness bind them
In the Land of Mordor
where the Shadows lie.
Expressing correspondences
As Model Transformations
Possible if correspondences can be expressed as functionsPairwise
consistency can be formally studied
One form of consistency involves a set of correspondence rules to steer a transformation from one language to another. Thus given a specification S1
in viewpoint language L1
and specification S2
in viewpoint language L2
, a transformation T
can be applied to S1
resulting in a new specification T(S1
) in viewpoint language L2
which can be compared directly to S2
to check, for example, for behavioral compatibility between allegedly equivalent objects or configurations of objects [RM-ODP, Part 3]
As Weaving ModelsPossible if correspondences are just mappings
A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Metamodels
Use multiview
specifications of systemsComposed by a set of ViewsEach view focuses on one concernEach view is expressed using a Viewpoint Language (DSL)
Views are related using correspondences for consistency checking
Correspondences
can be defined either as model
transformations or as model weavingsWell-formed rules should be defined for the set of Correspondences, too
Viewpoint DSLsDefined by an abstract syntax, a concrete syntax, and a set of semantic specificationsBridges
provide mappings to different semantic domains where
models can be analyzed (using the logics and tools available at the target semantic domains)
Some more challenges
Addition of more Non-Functional Properties for enhanced analysis capabilities
Specification and development of more Semantic Bridges
Specially to semantic domains with powerful analysis tool support
Modularity and composition mechanismsRule-based specifications become unmanageable very soon
Global consistency checking of specificationsPairwise
viewpoint consistency is not enough...