a l k into motherboards by amy madden. how it is made the progression that a motherboard goes...
TRANSCRIPT
How It Is MadeHow It Is Made
The progression that a The progression that a motherboard goes through is motherboard goes through is composed of three main composed of three main different processesdifferent processes Design ProcessDesign Process Fabrication ProcessFabrication Process Assembly ProcessAssembly Process
Design ProcessDesign Process
Schematic drawn by design engineersSchematic drawn by design engineers
Schematic contains logic symbols Schematic contains logic symbols representing components and their representing components and their connectionsconnections
Schematic goes to net listSchematic goes to net list
Net List
Net list contains all parts’ and symbols’ electrical info
Net list ran into Computer Aided Design (CAD)
CAD
CAD contains libraries representing the physical part of the logic symbols
CAD designer places components by hand, on the computer, and then connects components
Component Connection
Connected through the interconnects Interconnects use vias to transition
between multiple layers Once all errors are corrected and
specific circuits are routed, art work files are generated for the fabrication (fab) house
The Fab HouseThe Fab House Art work from design process is Art work from design process is
put on fiberglass covered with put on fiberglass covered with copper clad on each sidecopper clad on each side
Image put on board contains Image put on board contains components’ interconnectscomponents’ interconnects
Copper clad is chemically etched Copper clad is chemically etched away based off art work imageaway based off art work image
The Fab HouseThe Fab House
Resin woven cloth are put Resin woven cloth are put between layersbetween layers
Pressure and heat fuse layers Pressure and heat fuse layers togethertogether
Drill stage establishes all holes Drill stage establishes all holes and viasand vias
Assembly ProcessAssembly Process
Board goes on conveyer beltBoard goes on conveyer belt All components are inserted by machineAll components are inserted by machine Component location provided through Component location provided through
CAD rectangular coordinates (x-y axis)CAD rectangular coordinates (x-y axis) Soldering glues all components causing Soldering glues all components causing
good electrical connections on boardgood electrical connections on board Bare board now considered a Bare board now considered a
motherboardmotherboard
What is a Motherboard?
The electronic card which connects all components of a computer together
In other words, it is just a big printed circuit board with various peripherals and components plugged into it
Peripherals and Components
What is a peripheral? Any piece of hardware that is not a resident on the motherboard
What is a component? A computer chip that is used to run a certain function
Transistors
An electronic switch made of semiconductors turning currents on and off
N-type Semiconductors: produces electrons P-type Semiconductors: produces spaces for
electrons
Transistor Current
Current flow management: Controlling signal goes to the central section Controls the flow of current through two outer
sections If signal is positive, transistor is turned on,
represented by a 1. If a negative charge is fed into the base, the
transistor is turned off, representing a 0.
Capacitors A capacitor is an electrical component that
stores an electric charge When the capacitor is holding a charge, it is
represented with a 1 When it is holding no charge, it is represented
by a 0
Voltage RegulatorsVoltage Regulators
Automatically maintains a specific Automatically maintains a specific voltage traveling in an explicit regionvoltage traveling in an explicit region
Can raise voltage or lower voltage Can raise voltage or lower voltage depending on circumstancedepending on circumstance
MicroprocessorMicroprocessor
““The Brain of the Computer”The Brain of the Computer” Component which translates information Component which translates information
and sends it off to the proper areaand sends it off to the proper area Also referred to as the Central Also referred to as the Central
Processing Unit (CPU) Processing Unit (CPU)
Basic Input/Output SystemBasic Input/Output System
• Referred to as BIOSReferred to as BIOS
• Built-in software that determines Built-in software that determines what a computer can do without what a computer can do without accessing programs from a diskaccessing programs from a disk
• Contains all the code required to Contains all the code required to control the keyboard, display screen, control the keyboard, display screen, mouse, and other functionsmouse, and other functions
How it worksHow it works
The motherboard contains data lines The motherboard contains data lines called busescalled buses
These buses transmit data between These buses transmit data between the processor and the componentsthe processor and the components
How it worksHow it works
The front side bus between your The front side bus between your processor and chipset determines the processor and chipset determines the speed of the processorspeed of the processor
Processor interprets binary codeProcessor interprets binary code
How it worksHow it works
Use of binary systemUse of binary system A A bitbit is a is a bb inary dig inary digitit 8 bits = 1 byte8 bits = 1 byte