a matrix of philippine educational system
TRANSCRIPT
A Matrix of Philippine Educational System
EDUCATIONAL PERIOD
BRIEF HISTORY EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM
EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES
LEGAL MANDATES PROPONENTS
Pre – Spanish The early Filipinos were already civilized, before the Spanish came and conquer our country. They had government, laws, education, writing, literature, religion, customs and traditions, commerce and industries and arts and services.
♪ Rituals and ceremonies are consider as program that time♪ For conformity
♪ Apprenticeship – at home♪ Knowledge and skills♪ Institutionalized – religious and imitation♪ Attending religious rituals and ceremonies
♪ Code of Kalantiaw♪ Based on elderly rule of the chief in the barangay
♪ Parents♪ Elders♪ Babaylan and Katalona
Spanish
Almost 333 years, colonize the Philippines . They are after the 3G’s
God - religion Gold – treasure Glory - power
♪ Elementary Education Parochial Schools Visitas (chapel)♪ Secondary Education Seminarios – religious vocation Beaterios – for girls Institutes Colegios♪ Higher Education UST – Collegio de Sto. Rosario 1995 – World Youth Day - Mass in Quirino Grandstand and UST (Pope John Paul II) Collegio de San Jose
♪ Royal Decree of 1863 (Educational Act of 1863) Establishment of a complete system of education in the country comprising of elementary, secondary and collegiate levels The provision of government supervision and control of these schools The establishment of teacher training institutions
♪ Spanish missionaries
American Regime
Treaty of Paris – December 10, 1898 , terminated the Spanish-American raging in Cuba and the Philippines were ceded to the United States by Spain for the paltry sum of US million.
Public School System♪ Mass Education♪ Elementary Education♪ Secondary Education♪ Higher Education ♪ Vocational Education
♪ English language was used as a medium of instruction.♪ New subject areas were introduced -reading, writing, arithmetic, language, good manners and right conduct, civics, hygiene and sanitation, gardening, domestic science, American History and Philippine History.♪ American textbooks and reading materials were the only educational materials used.♪ Technical/ vocational skills were emphasized.♪ “Thomasites” were the first teacher.♪ Grade seven was included.
♪ First Philippine Commission (President William McKinley, April 7, 1900) Bring about an era of a new form of colonial governance over a long-oppressed people.♪ Educational Act No. 34 (January 21, 1901) Established the Department of Public Instruction♪ Organic Act of 1916 Department of Public Instruction is headed by a secretary.♪ Act No. 74 – Educational Act of 1901 ”Organic School Law” of the Philippines Continuance of public/private schoolsProhibits teacher from teaching religion♪ Act No. 3162 & 3196 - Munroe Survey Commission in 1925
♪ Thomasites♪ President William McKinley
Evaluate the entire educational system they set up♪ Concurrent Resolution No. 17 in the Philippine Legislature in 1925Public schools were designed to promote the establishment of self-governing Philippine state, independent and democratic♪ Act 477 – Bureau of Education♪ Act 2708 – Government inspection and supervision of private school obligatory♪ Act 2957 - Board of Textbook
Commonwealth Period
Commonwealth started in 1935 with Manuel L. Quezon as the president. “Preparatory period” that would enable the Filipinos to deserve independence.
♪ Formal Institution of the Adult Education (called non-formal education) – Transfer the vocational-industrial education program from the formal to non-formal system.
♪ “Filipino” language was used as the medium of instruction♪ Vocational schools were made more similar in curriculum to Academic schools♪ Celebration of National Language Week every August.
♪ Commonwealth Act No. 80 in 1963 – Office of Adult Education♪ Commonwealth Act No. 4 – ROTC♪ Executive Order No. 17 (Quezon Code of Ethics) – Foundation stone of emerging philosophy of the Philippine Education system.♪ 1935 Constitutionmoral characterpersonal disciplinecivic consciencevocational efficiencycitizenship training
♪ Manuel L. Quezon
Japanese Occupation
World War II♪ It started when the naval of bombers attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii in December 1941. The United States declared war against
Japan . As a consequence of this war the Philippines was occupied by the Japanese. Because Philippines is a colony of America . For three years the Filipinos suffered (January 3, 1942 – July 5, 1945).♪ The Fall of Bataan (Death March) – April 9, 1942
♪ re – opening of Elementary Schools♪ re – opening of vocational and normal schools♪ institutions of higher learning giving courses in agriculture, medicine, fisheries and engineering
♪ Japanese language is popularize to terminate the use of English♪ Filipino children went to school to learn Japanese songs & games
♪ there was a strict censorship of textbooks and other learning materials♪ the teachers were to become condescending mouthpieces of Japanese propaganda
♪ Executive Order No. 2 - basic principles of education to make the people understand the position of the Philippines as a member of East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphereto eradicate the old idea of reliance upon the Western nationsto promote friendly relations between Japan and Philippinesto endeavor to elevate the morals of the people giving up the overemphasis on materialismto strive for the diffusion of Japanese language in the Philippines to terminate the use of English in due course
♪ Jose P. Laurelrequired teachers to obtain licenses after undergoing a rigid examinationencouraged the propagation of Tagalog as the national language
require that majority of the governing board of any school, college or university be Filipino citizens
The march started from Mariveles, Bataan to San Fernando , Pampanga where many Americans and Filipinos died.♪ The Fall of Corrigedor – May 6, 1942Corrigedor fell in the hands of the Japanese♪ Puppet Government – where Japanese Military Chief governs Jose P. Laurel is he president of the Philippines during that time
to put an importance to the diffusion of elementary education and to the promotion of vocational educationto inspire the people with the spirit to love labor
Third Republic
Manuel Roxas is the first president of the Third Republic . During his administration he granted general amnesty to those who had collaborated with
♪ the concept of academic freedomonly universities established by the State♪ religious instruction in the public schoolsoptional and its implementation would have
♪ moral character the quality of a person that guides his thinking, behavior and relationships with others♪ personal disciplinean inner force that
♪ Article XIV, section 5 of the 1935 Constitution♪ Commonwealth Act No.586 (Educational Act of 1940)meet the increasing demand for public school teacher
♪ Manuel Roxas♪ Elpidio Quirino♪ Ramon Magsaysay♪ Carlos Garcia♪ Diosdado Macapagal
the Japanese in World War II. Elpidio Quirino was elevated to the presidency when Roxas died of heart attack in 1948. in 1953, Ramon Magsaysay was elected. He is known as the “Man of the Masses”. He died in an airplane crash in March 1957. carlos Garcia succeeded to the presidency after Magsaysay’s death.
His administration emphasized the nationalist theme of “Filipino First”, arguing that the Filipino people should be given the chance to improve the country’s economy. Diosdado
to be in accordance with what was already authorized by the existing law♪ the creation of scholarships in the arts, sciences and letters was for specially gifted citizensfor those who posses a certain level of capability for academic studies and are unable to afford the cost of college education
inhibits a person from doping what is right to his welfare as well as to the welfare of others♪ civic consciencesocial concern and involvement in the society♪ vocational efficiencyproductivity♪ complete and adequate system of public educationchanges with the changing time and the changing needs of changing human beings
shifting morning and afternoon class
Macapagal was elected president in the 1961 election. He changed the celebration of Independence Day from July 4 to June 12, to honor the day Emilio Aguinaldo declared independence from Spain in 1898.
New Society
♪ First Terminfrastructure development (road construction, bridges, MERALCO, PNR, Nawasa, PLDT)convention centers (CCP, PICC, Folk Arts Theatre, PhilTrade, National Arts Center )successful drive against smugglingin 1968, Philippines become self-sufficient in rice productionLand reform was given to 3,739 farmers Philippines became a
♪ Individual as a useful member of societyGovernment’s book program♪ Education for all♪ Integrated System of Education National College Entrance Examination (NCEE)Youth Civic Action Program (YCAP)Bilingual Policy Program♪ Productivity♪ Emphasis on Research♪ Responsiveness to changing needs and conditions♪ Quality education
♪ Elementary/Primary – 6yrsBoys and girls (6-12 y/o) 7-5pm weekdays♪ High School/SecondaryBoys and girls (12-16 y/o) 7-5pm weekdays♪ College/University/TertiaryBoys and girls (16/up)♪ Vocational
♪ Executive Order No. 202in 1969 – Presidential Commission to Study Philippine Education (PCSPE)♪ Presidential Decree 6-a (amended by PD 12350 – EDPITAF (Educational Development Projects Implementing Task Force)♪ Batas Pambansa Blg. 232♪ PD 1139 – expanded from Commonwealth Act No. 80♪ 1973 Constitution Article XV Sec. 8♪ Educational Act of 1982♪ PD 1 – Integrated
♪ Ferdinand Edralin Marcos
member of ASEAN
♪ Second Termcriticisms followed his victory (human rights violation, corruption, high student tuition fees, military abuse)
January 1970: Battle of MendiolaJune 1971: ConCon is held to review the 1935 ConstitutionPlaza Miranda BombingThe 1973 Constitution was broughtProclamation of 1081
♪ Non-formal education♪ Optional Religious instruction
♪ State Supervision and Control of Schools – Minister of Education Culture and Sports (MECS)♪ NESC – New Elementary School Curriculum
♪ NSEC – New Secondary Education Curriculum♪ PRODED – Program for Decentralized Educational Development
Reorganization Plan of 1972Bureau of Elementary EducationBureau of Secondary Education
Bureau Of Technical And Vocational EducationBureau of Higher EducationBureau of Continuing Education
(Martial Law)
Aquino After the Marcos administration, the events that followed happed one after another with lightning speed. Since Marcos and his family left the State, and no one will lead the country, Gen. Ramos and Sec. Enrile declared their new choice of president to succeed Marcos, Corazon Aquino, the widow of Benigno Aquino. She took her oath of office to become the new leader of the country in Club Filipino at Greenhills. She immediately set up a new constitution that was speedily written and reorganized. It was ratified on February 2, 1987 .
♪ Adult Education Program♪ Non formal Education♪ Technical and Vocational Education♪ Physical Education and School Sports♪ Scholarships and incentives♪ Free Public Education in Elementary and High school♪ ESCS – Educational Service Contracting Scheme♪ SEDP - Secondary Education Developmental Program
♪ To improve the quality and increase the relevance of education and training♪ To increase access of disadvantaged groups in all educational areas♪ To accelerate the development of middle and high level manpower required by economic recovery and sustainable growth as well as enhance their employability, productivity, and self-reliance
♪ R.A 6728 – Act providing Government Assistance to Students and Teachers in Private education – July 10, 1989♪ E.O No. 27 – July 4, 1986♪ E.O No.189 – June 10, 1987♪ Philippine Constitution 1987 – Article XIV; Sec. 1-2♪ R.A 7104 – Comm. On Filipino Language♪ R.A 6959 – Provincial Centers for Science and Technology
♪ Corazon C. Aquino
Even the entire government was changed. New set of senators and congressmen were elected on May 11, 1987 . a new minister was chosen by the president in the person of Lourdes R. Quisumbing. She reorganized the education ministry.
Fidel V. Ramos
National election was held on May 11, 1992 under the Saligang Batas 1986. It was the first time in the Philippine history to have many candidates in all positions and political parties who wanted to serve the country. Miriam Santiago was one of them. She was
♪ Early Childhood Care and Development program♪ TEEP – Third Elementary Education Project ♪ NEAT – National Elementary Achievement Test ♪ NSAT – National Secondary Assessment Test ♪ Ten-Year Master plan for Basic Education♪ CET♪ PROBE – Program on
♪ grade 1-6 years old♪ National School Enrolment day♪ Increase in number of schooldays♪ Science / Science and Technology♪ Computer-base information
♪ R.A 8047 – Book Publishing Industry Development Act – June, 1995♪ R.A 7722 – CHED – May 18, 1994♪ R.A No. 7743 – June 17, 1994 – establishing municipal libraries and brgy. reading centers♪ R.A 7731 – abolishing NCEE (NSAT to NAT)♪ R.A 7784 – Act
♪ Fidel V. Ramos
supported and loved by many of her constituents, especially the youths in Manila . But when the votes from Mindanao were counted, Pres. Aquino declared the hero of People’s Revolution and former Chief of Constabulary, Fidel V. Ramos as the new president to succeed her. It was June 22, 1992 .
He took his oath of office on June 30, 1992 in the Freedom Grandstand at Luneta. Under his term, a flurry of education reforms were being rushed to completion
Basic Education♪ Book Publishing Industry
Strengthen Teacher Education by Establishing Centers of Excellence, Creating a Teacher Education Council for the purpose, Appropriating Funds Thereof, and for other purposes – Aug. 4, 1994♪ R.A 7796 – TESDA – Aug. 25, 1994♪ R.A. 7836 – Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994
♪ R.A 7877 – Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995♪ R.A 8190 – Granting priority appointment or assignment to public school teacher who reside in a brgy., municipality or city near the school♪ R.A 8491 – Prescribing the code of the national flag, anthem, motto, coat of arms and other heraldic items and devices♪ R.A 8492 – Establishing the national museum
system and providing for its permanent home♪ R.A. 8496 – Establishing the Philippine Science High School System♪ R.A. 8525 – Establishing adopt-a-school program♪ School for the Future (SOF) – school using multimedia technology
Joseph Estrada
♪ “Erap para sa Mahirap”♪ Philippine Daily Inquirer♪ Corruption charges and Impeachment♪ EDSA II Revolution
♪ Bureau of Elementary EducationMultigrade Program In Philippine Education Preschool Service Contracting ProgramSPED Personnel Enhancement ProgramResource Materials Development for Children with Special Needs (CSNs)Early Intervention Program for Children with DisabilitiesStandards for Quality Elementary Education (SQEE)♪ Bureau of Secondary EducationThree Division
♪ Starts from June and ends in March♪ Nursery up to Kindergarten (age 4)learn basic things through drawing and other playful activities1-3 hrs of school and usually in morning♪ Primary or Elementary Schools (age 6-12)usually 6 years of schooling but some school adds an additional levelaverage hours spent in school is 6the level of primary school are grouped into
♪ R.A 9155 – Governance of Basic Education Act♪ D.O No. 56, s. 2001 – Policy on Educational Field Trips♪ D.O No. 54, s. 2001 – Revision of “Panatang Makabayan”♪ D.O No. 51, s. – Collection of School Publication Fees♪ D.O No. 45, s. 2001 – revision of Alphabet and Guide in Spelling of Philippine Language♪ D.O No. 35, s. 2001 – Payment of Teachers♪ PCER – Presidential Commission on Educational reform
♪ Joseph Ejercito Estrada
1.Curriculum Development2. Staff Development Division3. Population Education UnitCS-PST (Community Service and Public Safety Training)
TSD-MSP (Thinking Skills Development for Maximized Cognitive Development)Teacher Training ProgramAdopt-A-School ProgramSIP (Self-Instructional Packages) in SRA (Social Reform Agenda) ProvincesBP-OSA (Balik-Paaralan para sa Out-of-School Adults)Project EASE (Effective and Affordable Secondary Education)School Based EducationIndigenized/Localization of the Secondary Education CurriculumRHGP (Revitalized Homeroom Guidance Program)
two primary subdivisions: the Primary Level and the Intermediate Levelshifting of classes is done by subdivisions or by alternate (odd/even) levels
curriculum includes the core subjects (Math, English and Makabayan) and other subjects (Science, Music, Arts and PE)international schools/ Chinese schools have additional subjectsEnglish in the teaching mediumNEAT♪ Secondary School or High School (age 12-17)4 years of schooling and has 4 levelsschooling is compartmentalizedhours spent in school ranges from8-12 including vacant
Population Education Program; PEPTALK ♪ Bureau of Physical Education and School Sports
School Sports Competition ProgramPhysical Education Curriculum Materials Development ProgramTeachers/Coaches/Trainors/ Officiating Office Training ProgramSpecial Project and International Participation♪ National Education Testing and Research CenterNational Elementary Achievement Test (NEAT)National Secondary Achievement Test (NSAT)
Philippine Validating Test
periodsNSAT
♪ Tertiary School (age17-21)either colleges or universitiesamount of time spent in school varies depending on how many subjects will be taken up each day and how long will each takeschooling is cosmopolitansubjects that will be taken up depends on the academic degree program chosen by the student
Arroyo ♪ Succession in 2001♪ Oakwood Mutiny♪ The 2004 Election and Subsequent Rigging
♪ R.A 9155 – Governance of Basic Education ♪ D.O No.1, s. 2006 – Creation and Composition of the Student Crime Prevention Committee♪ D.O No.7, s. 2006 – Reiterating the Prohibition of
♪ Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
Allegations♪ Foreign policy and “war on terror”♪ Charter Change♪ State of Emergency
(PVT)Accreditation and Equivalency Program (AEP)Accelerated Learning Program for Elementary Schools (ALPES)♪ School Health and Nutrition CenterHealth and Nutrition EducationNational Drug Education ProgramTB Prevention and Control ProgramSchool Milk ProjectBreakfast Feeding Program
the practice of hazing and the operation of fraternities and sororities in elementary and secondary schools♪ D.O No. 48, s. 2006 – Observance of safety Measures in Science Laboratories
♪ D.O No. 41, s. 2007 – Guidelines on the utilization and Liquidation of school based repair and maintenance fund under CY. 2007 Budget♪ D.O No. 43, s. 20002 – The 2002 Basic Education Curriculum
ANALYSIS:
The Educational system of the Philippines was influenced by the colonializations of Spanish, Americans and from the previous presidents up to the present. The educational programs and practices in every period have their own approach in teaching though others are the same in such aspects. The colonializations of Spaniards to the Philippines have brought structure and order not only to the educational system but also to the country itself. The religion was brought. The learning was transferred to generation and up to now. The Americans contributed more in making laws and restructuring the educational practices. As different periods and president comes, the curriculum is getting intensive and comprehensive that brought us new subjects and strategies on how to improve the educational system.
IMPLICATION: Since the colonialization of the Spaniards, Americans up to Japanese until the different president comes, I could say that little by little, the education has evolved. Different educational program arose: ♪ Elementary Education Parochial Schools♪ Mass Education
♪ Elementary
Education
♪ Secondary
Education
♪ Higher Education
♪ Vocational Education Visitas (chapel)♪ Secondary Education Seminarios – religious vocation Beaterios – for girls Institutes Colegios
♪ Higher Education♪ Early Childhood Care and Development program ♪ TEEP – Third Elementary Education Project ♪ NEAT – National Elementary Achievement Test ♪ NSAT – National Secondary Assessment Test ♪ Ten-Year Master plan for Basic Education ♪ CET ♪ PROBE – Program on Basic Education ♪ Book Publishing Industry
All of that are still use today and still be using for the next generation.
