THE PHILIPPINE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMFRANKIE A. FRAN

Presenter

An education system may be conceptualized as an institutionalized process of knowledge transmission which takes place within a structure of power relationships through which constraints are operated. (Smith, 1971)

STAGES OF EDUCATIONAL EVOLUTION

PRE-SPANISH PERIOD SPANISH PERIOD AMERICAN PERIOD JAPANESE PERIOD PRESENT

Pre-Spanish Period• Education was informal and unstructured.• Provided with more vocational training and less

academics by their parents and tribal tutors.• Promote reverence for Bathala, respect for laws,

customs and authorities are the main objectives.• Stories, songs, poetry and dances were passed from

generation to generation mostly through oral tradition. There was a writing system known as Baybayin.

• Writing in bark of trees, leaves and bamboo tubes using knives daggers, pointed sticks or irons as pens or colored sap of trees as ink.

Spanish Period• Education was formal.• The schools focused on the Catholic Doctrines.• Tribal Tutors were replaced by Spanish

missionaries.• There was a separate school for boys and girls.• The first educational system for students in the

country was established by virtue of the Education Decree of 1863.

• The Religious congregations established schools from the primary level to the tertiary level.

• The Normal School was also established.

American Period • In accordance to 1935 constitution,

Commonwealth provided free education in public schools all over the country.

• Education also emphasized nationalism.• Vocational education and some household

activities like sewing, cooking, and farming were also given importance.

• Good manners and discipline were also taught to the students.

• "Adult Education“ was also implemented in order to give formal education even to adults.

Japanese Period• Education was formal.• Promoted and enriched the Filipino culture.• Educated Filipinos to be aware of materialism

to raise the morality of the Filipinos.• Taught and adopt Nippongo and stopped using

the English language.• Strengthened spread of elementary and

vocational education.• Inculcating love for work.

Before the K to 12 Program Implementation

• Philippine education is patterned after the American System.

• English as the medium of instruction.• Schools are classified into public (government) or

private (non-government).• The general pattern of formal education follows four

stages: Pre-primary level (nursery, kindergarten and preparatory) offered in most private schools. Six years of primary education, followed by four years of secondary education and (no. of years depend on the course) tertiary education.

• Trifocalization (DepEd, CHED, TESDA)

Basic Education Curricular Reforms (Bilbao et al., 2012)

Grade Level 1946-1956 1957-1972 1973-1988 1989-2001 2002-2011 2012-present

Year IV Grade 10

General EducationCurriculum

(Education Act of 1940

Magna Carta)

2 – 2 Plan(College Prep

Curriculum and Vocational

Curriculum)

Revised Secondary Education Program

(Hour Programming and Bilingual Education)

New Secondary Education Curriculum

(NSEC)(SEDP)

2002 Basic Education Curriculum

(MAKABAYAN)2010 Secondary

Education Curriculum

(UBD)

Roll-out implementation of Grade 1 and

Grade 7 of the K to 12 Curriculum

Year II Grade 9

Year II Grade 8

Year I Grade 7

Grade 6 1957-1982 1983-2001 2002-2011 2012

Grade 5Revised

Elementary Education Curriculum(Continuous Progression

Scheme)

New Elementary

School Curriculum

(NESC)(PRODED)

2002 Basic Education Curriculum

(MAKABAYAN)

R.A. 10157Kindergarten Education Act

Grade 4Grade 3Grade 2Grade 1

Kindergarten 2011 Kindergarten

PERIOD FOCUS IMPLICATION

SPANISH

AMERICAN

JAPANESE

Understanding the past, make us understand the present

better.

SECRETARY OF EDUCATION CHAIRWOMAN OF HIGHER EDUCATION DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT

Bro. ARMIN LUISTRO Hon. PATRICIA LICUANAN Sec. JOEL VILLANUEVA

NATIONAL EDUCATION BUDGET (2014) BUDGET ₱ 309.43 billion [(US$ 7.07 billion)

PER STUDENT Around ₱ 12 thousand (around US$ 284)GENERAL DETAILS

PRIMARY LANGUAGES Filipino, English, Philippine regional languages

SYSTEM TYPE Centralized National

ENROLLMENT (2012–2013)

TOTAL 23,864,801(total of public and private schools)

PRIMARY 2,213,973 Kindergartens plus 14,523,353

(total of public and private schools)

SECONDARY 7,127,475 (only junior high school)

THE PHILIPPINE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM AT PRESENT

Year Official Name of Department Official Titular Head Legal Bases

1863 Superior Commission of Primary Instruction Chairman Educational Decree of 1863

1901-1916 Department of Public Instruction General Superintendent

Act. No. 74 of the Philippine Commission, Jan. 21, 1901

1916-1942 Department of Public Instruction Secretary Organic Act Law of 1916 (Jones Law)

1942-1944 Department of Education, Health and Public Welfare Commissioner Renamed by the Japanese Executive

Commission, June 11, 1942

1944 Department of Education, Health and Public Welfare Minister Renamed by Japanese Sponsored Philippine

Republic

1944 Department of Public Instruction Secretary Renamed by Japanese Sponsored Philippine Republic

1945-1946 Department of Public Instruction and Information Secretary Renamed by the Commonwealth Government

1946-1947 Department of Instruction Secretary Renamed by the Commonwealth Government

1947-1975 Department of Education Secretary E.O. No. 94 October 1947 (Reorganization Act of 1947)

1975-1978 Department of Education and Culture Secretary Proc. No. 1081, September 24, 1972

1978-1984 Ministry of Education and Culture Minister P.D. No. 1397, June 2, 1978

1984-1986 Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports Minister Education Act of 1982

1987-1994 Department of Education, Culture and Sports Secretary E.O. No. 117. January 30, 1987

1994-2001 Department of Education, Culture and Sports Secretary RA 7722 and RA 7796, 1994 Trifocalization of Education Management

2001 - present Department of Education Secretary RA 9155, August 2001 (Governance of Basic Education Act)

Office of the Secretary at the Central Office

Undersecretaries and Assistant Secretaries•Programs and Projects•Regional Operations•Finance and Administration•Legal Affairs

Five Services•Administrative Service•Financial and Management Service•Human Resource Development Service•Planning Service•Technical Service

Three Staff Bureaus •Bureau of Elementary Education (BEE)•Bureau of Secondary Education (BSE)•Bureau of Nonformal Education (BNFE)

Six Centers•National Education Testing and Research Center (NETRC)•Health and Nutrition Center (HNC)•National Educators Academy of the Philippines (NEAP)•Educational Development Projects Implementing Task Force (EDPITAF)

•National Science Teaching Instrumentation Center (NSTIC) •Instructional Materials Council Secretariat (IMCS)

Four Special Offices •Adopt-a-School Program Secretariat•Center for Students and Co-curricular Affairs•Educational Technology Unit•Task Force Engineering Assessment and Monitoring

Other attached and support agencies•Teacher Education Council (TEC)•Philippine High School for the Arts, Literacy Coordinating Council (LCC)•Instructional Materials Council (IMC)

Sub-National Level•16 Regional Offices•157 Provincial and City Schools Divisions•2,227 School Districts Schools Division Offices•48, 446 schools, broken down as follows:

o 40,763 elementary schools (36,234 public and 4,529 private)

o 7,683 secondary schools (4,422 public and 3,261 private)

K TO 12 CURRICULUM

(An Overview)

The K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years of primary education, four years of Junior High School, and two years of Senior High School [SHS]) to:• provide sufficient time for mastery of

concepts and skills;• develop lifelong learners; and • prepare graduates for tertiary education,

middle-level skills development, employment, and entrepreneurship.

Strengthening Early Childhood Education (Universal Kindergarten)

Making the Curriculum Relevant to Learners (Contextualization and Enhancement)

Ensuring Integrated and Seamless Learning (Spiral Progression)

Building Proficiency through Language (Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education)

Gearing Up for the Future (Senior High School)

Nurturing the Holistically Developed Filipino (College and Livelihood Readiness, 21st Century Skills)

REFERENCESBooks• Agoncillo, Teodoro A. History of the Filipino People (Eight Edition). (nd). • Bilbao, Purita P, Ed. D. et al. The Teaching Profession (Second Edition).2012.Lorimar

Publishing Inc.• Zaide, Sonia M. The Philippines: A Unique Nation (Second Edition). 1999. All Nations

Publishing Co., IncJournals• A Critique of K-12 Philippine Education System by Maria Theresa F. Calderon. International

Journal of Education and Research Volume 2 No. 10. October 2014• Issues and Concerns of Philippine Education Through the Years by Joel M. Durban and

Ruby Durban Catalan. Asian Journal of Social Sciences and HumanitiesWebsitesRetrieved April 27, 2015 from :• http://www.slideshare.net/loreinmay/spanish-period-strategies-of• http://www.slideshare.net/TeacherAdora/curriculum-models-philippines-curriculum-models• http://www.gov.ph/k-12/• http://www.deped.gov.ph