a new look at animals

8/19/2019 A New Look at Animals

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A NEW LOOK AT ANIMALS

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If you’ve always thought of kangaroos as being adorable and koala bears as cute, you

may be in for a shock. New fossil discoveries are changing the way some of the world’s animals

are being erceived today.

!ifty million years ago, some familiar animals e"isted, but in almost unrecognisable

forms. !or e"amle, whales, which today live in the water, had legs and lived on land, and robably

looked like large dogs. #uring a eriod of fifteen million years, they gradually moved to living in the

sea full$time. %heir bodies became sleeker, enabling them to swim more efficiently, and their front

legs evolved into fliers. %he back legs finally disaeared comletely, although this robably did

not occur until well after they had moved into the sea. &cientists are uncertain why this transition

occurred' maybe whales were trying to escae from redators, or erhas they needed more food

or more sace than was available on land.

(ore recently, it aears, some whales were ferocious killers. %wenty$five million years

ago, ancestors of today’s eaceful blue whale had ra)or$shar teeth, earning it the nickname *%$re"

of the ocean+. &ome even more unusual animals also lived in ustralia- for e"amle, 20 million

years ago, there were killer kangaroos, and 12 million years ago, there were flesh$eating ducks,

nicknamed *%he #emon #uck of #oom+. nd a *mere+ 50,000 years ago, ustralia was home to

giant versions of koala bears and kangaroos, in addition to some animals that have sincedisaeared, such as crocodiles that climbed trees.

&o the ne"t time you cuddle u to a fluffy stuffed animal, you may want to reconsider.

ho knows what we will discover ne"t about bears, or mice like (ickey/

(A) COMPREHENSION oints

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oints G !ind in the te"t the word which has the following definition-

*don’t know for sure+ adEective 0.25 oints

10 8omlete the series with another word of the same semantic grou-

4I;34, &3, >H3, 0.25 oints

11 ?oin the following sentences using an aroriate linker do not use

N# or D6%. (ake changes if necessary.

%heir bodies became sleeker. %hey were able to swim

more efficiently. 0.5 oints

12 !ill in the ga with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

!ifty million years ago, whales may look like dogs. 0.5

oints


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1A 4ewrite the sentence without changing its meaning. Degin as indicated.

ho knows what we will discover ne"t about bears/

ho knows what will 0.5 oints

1 9ive a Juestion for the underlined words.

&ome very unusual animals lived in ustralia. 0.5 oints

(C) PRODUCTION A oints

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a 3ndangered animals should be rotected in )oos.

b #escribe your favourite kind of animal and what you think should be done to

rotect it.

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(B) USE OF ENGLISH A oints

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4I;34, &3, >H3, OCEAN 0.25 oints

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%heir bodies became sleeker. %hey were able to swim

more efficiently. 0.5 oints

T#ei" %odies %e$'e slee-e"2 so ; *#e"efo"e *#e+ we"e $%le *oswi' 'o"e effiie&*l+


!ifty million years ago, whales may #$!e loo-ed look like dogs. 0.5

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ho knows what we will discover ne"t about bears/

ho knows what will %e diso!e"ed &e/* $%o* %e$"s


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Dut does this mean that athletes are no longer cometing against

each other/

Dut does this mean that there is no longer 0.5 oints


3"ensive innovations are sometimes banned in order to kee

cometitions fair. 0.5 oints


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a %he advantages and disadvantages of technological devices to enhance

erformance.

b #escribe your favourite sort and how you try to enhance your erformance.

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new fabric called !astskin is worn by many swimmers today. It is

believed to enhance erformance. 0.5

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each other/

Dut does this mean that there is no longer o',e*i*io&

%e*wee& $*#le*es


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deressant drugs and this roves that their brain chemistry, which is affected by the drug, must be

similar to ours. 3"erts believe that their emotions must therefore be similar, too.

:owever, if animals really do have human$like emotions, there are some serious issues

to consider- how fair is it, for e"amle, for humans to kee animals in cages, or use them for

harmaceutical testing/


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12 4ewrite the sentence without changing its meaning. Degin as indicated.

It seems that many animals can e"erience human$like emotions.

It seems that many animals are 0.5 oints

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e are the owners three dogs. 0.5 oints

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a 6sing animals in testing harmaceutical roducts is entirely Eustified.

b nimals are incaable of e"eriencing human$like emotions.

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&cientists are beginning to believe that animals have got feelings.

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5 7nly humans e"erience both ositive and negative emotions.

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B #ogs often *laugh+ when they see other dogs laying.

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BOOK TREATMENT

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(any eole like to lose themselves in a good book if they feel deressed, or turn to

great literature for insiration and insight. Dut a new techniJue called bibliotheray consciously

tries to use literature as a way of heling individuals deal with emotional roblems.

6sually, the theraist starts by recommending reading material, usually fiction, which is

thought to be relevant to the client’s situation. t the most assive level, the book can rovide an

escae from a difficult reality. 4eaders may also identify with a novel’s rotagonist, and learn that

they are not alone in having a secific roblem. book’s lot may also suggest ways of

aroaching a situation that may not have occurred to the reader.

:owever, the novel is also often used as a sringboard for more active communication

between clients and bibliotheraists, who may be mental health rofessionals, teachers or librarians. 8lients are able to discuss the characters’ situations if revealing their own roblems is


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too ainful. %hey may also roduce a drawing or ainting in resonse to the book, or write

something themselves. lthough used on its own, bibliotheray has been rated most successful

when used in conEunction with other forms of theray.

%he techniJue may be used to enhance self$awareness in eole with no secific

roblems, but it is commonly used in a theraeutic setting. In one government$funded roEect in

3ngland, doctors direct deressed or an"ious atients to the library for a course of bibliotheray.

&ome ractitioners use this theray to hel rae victims and drug addicts, among others.

&o if you feel a bit low, why not try a soonful of &hakeseare with a dro of #ickens/ It

may hel, and certainly can’t hurt.


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8lients often discuss the book with the theraist. 0.5 oints



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a hat kind of books do you refer reading/ 3"lain why.

b 8an watching %; rovide the same benefits as reading a book/

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LIKE ON MARS

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ould you agree to be locked into a small, confined sace for 520 days, with virtually no

access to the outside world/ (ost eole would consider this to be a unishment, but at least C0

eole have volunteered to undergo this e"erience.

s art of the rearations for a manned sace flight to (ars, 4ussian scientists have

outfitted a secial *saceshi+ in (oscow. %hey want to study how human beings will react

hysically and sychologically when living in conditions that mimic those of a mission to (ars.

#uring the e"eriment, volunteers will live in the same conditions as astronauts. ir willbe recycled, food will be rationed, and no tobacco or alcohol will be available. 8ontact with the


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outside world will also be limited by the scientists' although the *astronauts+ will have radios and e$

mail, communication will be artificially routed to simulate the delay e"ected with a real (ars

mission.

%he (ars$500 roEect will have a multi$national crew of si". ;olunteers must be between

25 and 50, seak 3nglish and 4ussian, and have a university degree, referably in medicine,

biology, engineering or comuter science. %hey must also be in good hysical and mental health,

and be able to get along well with other eole. &o far, C0 alications have been received from

men and women in 1C different countries.

&o, if you know someone who Jualifies for the e"eriment, and doesn’t mind the gruelling

conditions, he or she should move fast. %he e"eriment should be comleted by the end of the

decade, and a real manned mission to (ars could, scientists believe, take lace within the ne"t 20

years.


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&cientists will carry out more detailed roEects in the future. 0.5 oints

12 8omlete the following conditional sentence.

If I had the oortunity to travel to sace, 0.5 oints


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(ost eole consider this to be a unishment.

(ost eole think 0.5 oints

1 !ill in the ga with a correct reosition.

%he fear travelling to sace is greater than the danger. 0.5 oints


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a &hould countries be investing a lot of money in sace e"loration rogrammes/

b re stories of 6!7s and alien landings fabrications/ 3"lain your reasons.

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B %he crew must include volunteers from 3ngland and 4ussia.

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If I had the oortunity to travel to sace, I wold !isi* ;

wold 3o *o ; wold *"$!el *o M$"s 0.5 oints

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%he fear of travelling to sace is greater than the danger. 0.5 oints

PLASTIC SURGERY: BEAUTY OR BEAST

Some psychologists are worrie a!o"t the psychological impact o# those who "#ergo rastic

cosmetic s"rgery$a# also o# those who o#%t a#& co#se'"e#tly& may (eel i#ae'"ate)

Altho"gh raical tra#s(ormatio#s are rare& somepsychologists pla# to i#*estigate the s"rge i#

cosmetic proce"res a# whether these s"rgeries ha*e a#y lasti#gpsychological

co#se'"e#ces) The #"m!er o( cosmetic operatio#s i#crease !y ++ perce#t (rom ,--. to

,--+& accori#g/ to the America# Society (or Aesthetic Plastic S"rgery) Plastic s"rgeo#s

co#"cte a recor 00)1 millio# proce"res lastyear& !oth #o#2s"rgical 3li4e Boto56 a#

s"rgical 3li4e !reast a"gme#tatio# or lipos"ctio#6)

7ow o s"ch practices a((ect patie#ts psychologically8 Social wor4ers ha*e mae a rece#t

a#alysis o( .9 st"ies o#patie#ts% psychological a# psychosocial ("#ctio#i#g !e(ore a# a(ter

cosmetic s"rgery) It s"ggests positi*e o"tcomes i# patie#ts& i#cl"i#g impro*eme#ts i# !oyimage a# possi!ly a '"ality2o(2li(e i#crease too) B"t the same research$0- p"!lishe i#

April ,--/$also (o"# se*eral eleme#ts o( poor o"tcomes& especially (or those who hol

"#realistice5pectatio#s or ha*e a history o( epressio# a# a#5iety) The researchers (o"#

that patie#ts who are issatis(ie with s"rgery may re'"est repeat proce"res or e5perie#ce

epressio# a# a"stme#t pro!lems& social isolatio#& (amilypro!lems& sel(2estr"cti*e

!eha*io"rs a# a#ger towar the s"rgeo# a# his or her sta(()

3A6 CO;PRE7E


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+6 Boto5 is a cosmetic tech#i'"e "se !y s"rgeo#s

/6 Plastic s"rgeo#s co#"cte the a#alysis o( .9 st"ies o# patie#ts psychological reactio#s

D6 People s"((eri#g (rom epressio# "s"ally react well a(ter s"rgery

3B6 USE O@ EUEST& SOLICIT& I;PLORE& BEG H

006 oi# the (ollowi#g se#te#ces "si#g a relati*e pro#o"#) ;a4e cha#ges i( #ecessary)

;arti#Js mother is Spa#ish) She spea4s !oth Spa#ish a# E#glish (l"e#tly

0,6 @ill i# the gap with a correct (orm o( the *er! i# !rac4ets: 3-)/ poi#ts6

Someo#e 3hit6 KKKKKKKKK me as I came i#to the room)

0.6 Gi*e a '"estio# (or the "#erli#e wors: 3-)/ poi#ts6

The ;em!ers o( Parliame#t met the Prime ;i#ister last @riay)

0+6 Use the wors i# the !o5es to ma4e a mea#i#g("l se#te#ce) Use all a# o#ly the wors i#

the !o5es witho"t cha#gi#g their (orm) 3-)/ poi#ts6whole with i#(ecte the her she e#th"siasm class

3C6 PRO?UCTIO< 3. poi#ts6

0/6 =RITE A CO;POSITIO<

a6 =hat is yo"r opi#io# a!o"t cha#ges i# physical appeara#ce8

!6 The importa#ce o( !ei#g !ea"ti("l) ?isc"ss

EY

3A6 CO;PRE7E


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6 Gi*e o#e opposite (or AUG;E


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4esearchers are now e"amining these deosits. 0.5 oints


%he burglar didn’t realise that he leave his earrinton the door of the museum. 0.5 oints


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New discoveries may hel in crime detection.

New discoveries may hel to 0.5 oints


!ingerrints were first used to convict a criminal in 1FG2. 0.5 oints


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a &toring tissue for #N identification is an invasion of ersonal rivacy.

b &hould more money be sent on crime revention or on crime detection/

3"lain your reasons.

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New discoveries may hel in crime detection.

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ROB THE RUBBISH

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(ost mountaineers will robably tell you that they climb mountains because of the

challenge. Dut 4ob the 4ubbish climbs mountains to collect the rubbish.

4obin Hevan, aged BA, was horrified by the litter in the streets of his hometown,

>lanwrtyd ells in ales. :owever, instead of comlaining, he started to ick u the rubbish and

most days filled a large lastic sack, or bin bag, by breakfast. 7ne day, his wife wrote *4ob the

4ubbish+ on his Eacket, and the name stuck.

In November 2005, 4ob heard about the litter on Den Nevis, the 6nited Hingdom’s

highest mountain. In a two$day visit, he filled si" bin bags with rubbish. earing his yellow Eacket

and two airs of gloves because, he e"lains, you never know what you may encounter in other

eole’s rubbish, he has since climbed other mountains in the 6H. :e finds aer wraers,

lastic bags, soft drinks cans and bottles. %hese are the worst, because glass takes a million yearsto degrade.


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4ob believes that tackling the roblem of rubbish involves the re$education of a whole

generation. 6ntil then, he wants to do what he can to hel restore the urity of natural beauty

sots. In addition, his self$imosed task brings him other advantages- a healthy outdoor hobby, a

sense of urose and a feeling of satisfaction.

s a result of the ublicity he had received, in autumn 200B 4ob climbed (t 3verest to

collect rubbish from the base cam. Now he wants to visit (t HilimanEaro in east frica. 4ob hoes

that he is raising awareness of the litter roblem with his work. &o, the ne"t time you go hiking,

make sure you don’t leave your rubbish behind.


a N&34 63&%I7N& 1$2 8874#IN9 %7 %:3 IN!74(%I7N 9I;3N IN %:3

%3&3/ ?6&%I!= =764 N&34& I%:

74#& 74 @:4&3& !47( %:3

%3>38% verb, line 2. 0.25 oints


4ob finds all kinds of rubbish on mountains in the 6H. 0.5 oints


if necessary-

In 200B, 4ob climbed (t 3verest. :e collected rubbish from

the base cam there. 0.5 oints


22/32


(any mountaineers climb mountains because the mountains resent a

challenge.

%he mountains resent a challenge, 0.5 oints

1 9ive a Juestion for the underlined word.

In a two$day visit, 4ob filled si" bin bags with rubbish. 0.5 oints


15 4I%3 87(@7&I%I7N F0$100 74#&. 8:77&3 7N3 7! %:3 !7>>7IN9

7@%I7N&. &@38I!= =764 7@%I7N.

a In your oinion, what is a suitable unishment for eole who litter/

b hat do you think can be done to hel reduce litter in your region/

H3=


a N&34 63&%I7N& 1$2 8874#IN9 %7 %:3 IN!74(%I7N 9I;3N IN %:3

%3


23/32


C !ind in the te"t a synonym for DI9 adEective. 0.25

oints

l$"3e (li&e 5)

F 9ive one oosite for !I>>3# verb, line 5. 0.25oints

e',*ied


*bring back to an original state+ verb. 0.25

oints

"es*o"e (li&e 9?)

10 9ive a noun with the same root as 87>>38% verb, line 2. 0.25

oints

olle*io&


4ob finds all kinds of rubbish on mountains in the 6H. 0.5

ointsAll -i&ds of "%%is# $"e fo&d %+ Ro% o& 'o&*$i&s i& *#e UK


if necessary-

In 200B, 4ob climbed (t 3verest. :e collected rubbish from

the base cam there. 0.5

oints

I& >62 Ro% li'%ed M* E!e"es*2 w#e"e #e olle*ed "%%is# f"o' *#e %$se

$',


(any mountaineers climb mountains because the mountains resent a

challenge.

%he mountains resent a challenge, so ; *#e"efo"e '$&+

'o&*$i&ee"s li'% *#e' 0.5

oints

1 9ive a Juestion for the underlined word.

In a two$day visit, 4ob filled si" bin bags with rubbish. 0.5

oints

How '$&+ %i& %$3s did Ro% fill wi*# "%%is# i& $ *wo.d$+ !isi*<

THE OKE=S ON OU

5

10

If you have ever been fooled by a ractical Eoke or a hoa", your first feeling was robably

anger L at yourself for being misled and at others for misleading you. Dut don’t feel bad. :oa"es

have been around for a long time, and very clever and educated eole have been deceived.

%he word *hoa"+ derives from *hocus+, art of the >atin hrase *hocus$ocus+, meaning

*something that fools your eyes+. It was first used around 1F00, but ranks and hoa"es have

e"isted at least since the time of the ncient 9reeks. %he god :ermes was suosedly *full of

tricks+, and his first rank was directed against his brother, the god ollo. Dy the (iddle ges,

court Eesters were actually e"ected to lay tricks on the king and courtiers to amuse them.

:owever, most hoa"es are eretrated on unknowing subEects, many of them educated

and rational. !or e"amle, &ir rthur 8onan #oyle, creator of &herlock :olmes, was a hysician,

yet he was tricked into believing in the e"istence of fairies after being shown hotograhs of them.#ecades later, the girls who had taken the ictures, who were by then old women, admitted that


24/32

15

20

the *fairies+ were aer cut$outs.

In 1GC1, many anthroologists were led to believe that a eaceful &tone ge tribe, the

%asaday, had been discovered in the @hiliines. :owever, in 1GFB, *tribe members+ confessed

that they were really farmers' in fact they had been aid by a government official to imersonate

cave$dwellers.

%he best ractical Eokes are those where no one is hurt. s long as we stick to this

guideline, erhas a little embarrassment is worth the fun L esecially when you know you are in

good comany.


a N&34 63&%I7N& 1$2 8874#IN9 %7 %:3 IN!74(%I7N 9I;3N IN %:3

%3&3/ ?6&%I!= =764 N&34& I%:

74#& 74 @:4&3& !47( %:3

%33;34 adEective, line A 0.25

oints

G !ind in the te"t the word which has the following definition-*agricultural workers+ noun 0.25

oints

10 9ive an adEective with the same root as !77>& verb, line 5 0.25

oints


If I lay a Eoke on my friends, 0.5

oints

12 %urn the following sentence into reorted seech.

*e found a rimitive tribe,+ announced the anthroologists. 0.5

oints


25/32


=our first feeling was robably anger.

=ou robably 0.5

oints


%he tribe members e"osed the hoa" in 1GFB. 0.5

oints


15 4I%3 87(@7&I%I7N F0$100 74#&. 8:77&3 7N3 7! %:3 !7>>7IN9

7@%I7N&. &@38I!= =764 7@%I7N.

a little embarrassment is worth the fun of a ractical Eoke.

b @hotograhic evidence cannot be trusted, esecially in today’s electronic age.

H3=


a N&34 63&%I7N& 1$2 8874#IN9 %7 %:3 IN!74(%I7N 9I;3N IN %:3

%3


26/32


C !ind in the te"t one synonym for 3N?7=(3N% noun 0.25 oints

f& (li&e 98)

F 9ive one oosite for 8>3;34 adEective, line A 0.25 ointss*,id ; &i&*elli3e&*


*agricultural workers+ noun 0.25 oints

f$"'e"s (li&e 96)

10 9ive an adEective with the same root as !77>& verb, line 5 0.25 oints

foolis#


If I lay a Eoke on my friends, *#e+ will s$ll+ l$3#

(,ossi%le $&swe") 0.5 oints


*e found a rimitive tribe,+ announced the anthroologists. 0.5 oints

T#e $&*#"o,olo3is*s $&&o&ed *#$* *#e+ #$d fo&d $ ,"i'i*i!e *"i%e 1A 4ewrite the sentence without changing its meaning. Degin as indicated.

=our first feeling was robably anger.

=ou robably fel* $&3e";$&3"+ ($*) fi"s* ; fi"s* fel* $&3e";$&3"+ 0.5 oints


%he tribe members e"osed the hoa" in 1GFB. 0.5 oints

W#e& did *#e *"i%e 'e'%e"s e/,ose *#e #o$/<

TIME BANKS

5

10

15

20

e all know about banks for money, and banks for blood, but now it seems there are

banks for time.

%ime Danks, an merican concet which first started in 1GF0, oerate today throughout

the 6nited &tates, 3ngland, &ain and elsewhere. %he idea is simle. !irst, articiants must enrol

in the scheme. %hen, every hour they send erforming services for other articiants is registered

as credit. %hat means that they are entitled to receive an eJual number of hours of service from

others in the lan. ll services have eJual value, so that eole who donate, for e"amle, an hour

of dog$walking can, in return, receive an hour of legal advice. %ransactions are recorded by the

banks’ organisers, who match members with each other.

6nlike traditional barter systems, %ime Danks enable members to receive from oneerson and donate to another. 7ne elderly lady sent time visiting a disabled neighbour, and in

e"change, her kitchen was redecorated. nother woman accumulated time so that she could *buy+

lu"uries, such as massages. &ervices offered range from music and language instruction to

wardrobe reorganisation, eyebrow lucking and lant watering.

7ne obvious advantage of %ime Danks is that they allow eole access to services that

might otherwise be too costly. :owever, there are also other benefits. %hese schemes build

community sirit, which is hard to create today because the oulation is so mobile. %hey also hel

eole who may feel that they have little to offer to realise that they are valuable contributors. (any

eole never use the hours they accumulate, while others donate their time to eole in need.

%here is an old saying in 3nglish that *time is money+. ith %ime Danks, this is truer than

everK



27/32

a N&34 63&%I7N& 1$2 8874#IN9 %7 %:3 IN!74(%I7N 9I;3N IN %:3

%3&3/ ?6&%I!= =764 N&34& I%:

74#& 74 @:4&3& !47( %:3%3= adEective, line 1B 0.25 oints


*to enable something to haen+ verb 0.25 oints 10 9ive a noun with the same root as %4634 adverb, line 20 0.25 oints


%ime Dank member will erform an hour of service. 0.5 oints

12 ?oin the following sentences using an aroriate linker. #o not use


7ne woman accumulated over 100 hours. &he doesn’t want

to receive any services. 0.5 oints


28/32


7ne elderly lady visited her disabled neighbour. 0.5 oints



43874# %:3 3;34= 78864& %4N&8%I7N %:% 749NI&34&


15 4I%3 87(@7&I%I7N F0$100 74#&. 8:77&3 7N3 7! %:3 !7>>7IN9

7@%I7N&. &@38I!= =764 7@%I7N.

a %ime Danks benefit society and its members.

b 8ommunity service should be reJuired of every citi)en.

H3=


a N&34 63&%I7N& 1$2 8874#IN9 %7 %:3 IN!74(%I7N 9I;3N IN %:3

%3


29/32


C 9ive one synonym for IN&%468%I7N noun, line 1A 0.25 oints

*e$#i&3

F 9ive one oosite for 87&%>= adEective, line 1B 0.25 oints

#e$, G !ind in the te"t the word which has the following definition-

*to enable something to haen+ verb 0.25 oints

$llow (li&e 95)

10 9ive a noun with the same root as %4634 adverb, line 20 0.25 oints

*"*#


%ime Dank member will erform an hour of service. 0.5 oints

A& #o" of se"!ie will %e ,e"fo"'ed %+ $ Ti'e B$&- 'e'%e"

12 ?oin the following sentences using an aroriate linker. #o not use


7ne woman accumulated over 100 hours. &he doesn’t want

to receive any services. 0.5 ointsAl*#o3# o&e wo'$& $'l$*ed o!e" 9 #o"s2 s#e does&=* w$&* *o

"eei!e $&+ se"!ies


7ne elderly lady visited her disabled neighbour. 0.5 oints

W#o did o&e elde"l+ l$d+ !isi*<



43874# %:3 3;34= 78864& %4N&8%I7N %:% 749NI&34&

T#e o"3$&ise"s "eo"d e!e"+ *"$&s$*io& *#$* o"s

IDEO GAME TREATMENT

5

10

15

20

=ou have Eust killed the monster and rescued the rincess, and now you are ready for the

ne"t level of your video game. (any eole lay video games also called *gaming+ for fun, but an

increasing number are now using these games as art of their treatment for hysical or emotional

disorders.

&ometimes the content of the games is the imortant theraeutic factor. 9radual

e"osure through video games is being used by sychiatric workers to hel treat atients suffering

from hobias ranging from fear of flying to claustrohobia. 3ven the 6nited &tates (ilitary is now

trying gaming as treatment for @ost$%raumatic &tress #isorder. &ecial rograms allow war

veterans to control simulated combat situations similar to those that had caused distress.

In other cases, game content is less imortant than the hysical maniulation of the

keyboard and mouse. @atients reJuiring hysical rehabilitation find small, reetitive movements of the hands less boring when these are art of a game. nd the concentration of children suffering

from ttention #eficit #isorder ## can be imroved by gaming. &ecial helmets containing

sensors measure brain waves, which are relayed to a system that controls the game. If there is a

lase in concentration, cars may crash or characters disaear.

s the cost of hardware such as sensors decreases, and the availability of suitable

software increases, the use of gaming as theray will e"and. &ome rofessionals are scetical,

claiming that there is insufficient research into the beneficial asects of gaming, and that ignoring

traditional theraies could be harmful. 7thers, however, are enthusiastic about such a fun

treatment, but caution that theray gaming sessions must be suervised by Jualified rofessionals.

ouldn’t it be nice if, one day soon, a visit to the local doctor could roduce a rescrition

for a *dose+ of comuter games/



30/32

a N&34 63&%I7N& 1$2 8874#IN9 %7 %:3 IN!74(%I7N 9I;3N IN %:3

%3&3/ ?6&%I!= =764 N&34& I%:

74#& 74 @:4&3& !47( %:3

%3#43N 87N83N%4%3 9(3& :3>@ D3%%34 ;I#37 %7


15 4I%3 87(@7&I%I7N F0$100 74#&. 8:77&3 7N3 7! %:3 !7>>7IN9

7@%I7N&. &@38I!= =764 7@%I7N.

a #o you think laying video games is a good way to ass the time/

b #octors should try to find interesting ways of treating emotional disorders.

H3=


a N&34 63&%I7N& 1$2 8874#IN9 %7 %:3 IN!74(%I7N 9I;3N IN %:3

%3&3/ ?6&%I!= =764 N&34& I%:

74#& 74 @:4&3& !47( %:3%3


31/32

A %he use of video games to treat disorders is becoming more oular.

T"e (li&es ?.0) 1$& i&"e$si&3 &'%e" $"e si&3 *#ese 3$'es $s ,$"* of *#ei"

*"e$*'e&*4

%he content of the game is imortant when heling atients who need hysical

theray.

F$lse (li&es 9.99) 13$'e o&*e&* is less i',o"*$&* *#$& *#e ,#+si$l

'$&i,l$*io& of *#e -e+%o$"d $&d 'ose4

5 9aming will be used more when the hardware is less e"ensive.

T"e (li&es 96.9@) 1As *#e os* of #$"dw$"e de"e$ses2 *#e se of 3$'i&3 $s

*#e"$,+ will e/,$&d4

B ll health rofessionals believe that gaming is a useful theray.

F$lse (li&e 9@) 1So'e ,"ofessio&$ls $"e se,*i$l4


32/32


C !ind in the te"t a synonym for &;3# verb. 0.25 oints

"esed (li&e 9)

F 9ive one oosite for D74IN9 adEective, line 12. 0.25 oints

i&*e"es*i&3


*enable+ verb. 0.25 oints

$llow line F

10 9ive a verb with the same root as :4(!6> adEective, line 1G. 0.25 oints

#$"'

11 8omlete the sentence with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

Pl$+i&3 lay video games is a lot of fun for many eole. 0.5 oints


%he sychiatrist asked, *:as the treatment heled

her claustrohobia/+ 0.5 oints

T#e ,s+#i$*"is* $s-ed if ; w#e*#e" *#e *"e$*'e&* #$d #el,ed #e"l$s*"o,#o%i$


9radual e"osure through video games is being used by sychiatric workers.

@sychiatric workers $"e si&3 3"$d$l e/,os"e *#"o3#

!ideo 3$'es 0.5 oints



8N 8:I>#43N 87N83N%4%3 9(3& :3>@ D3%%34 ;I#37 %7

ideo 3$'es $& #el, #ild"e& *o o&e&*"$*e %e**e"

a new look at animals

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