a position-based routing module for simulation of vanets in ns-3 · 2018-10-27 · introduction...

IntroductionCLWPR Protocol

EvaluationSummary

A Position-based Routing Module forSimulation of VANETs in NS-3

K. Katsaros1, M. Dianati1, K. Roscher2

1Centre for Communication System ResearchUniversity of Surrey, United Kingdom

2Fraunhofer ESKMunich, Germany

Workshop on NS-3, 2012

Katsaros et al. CLWPR module for NS-3

EvaluationSummary

Outline

1 IntroductionVANETs Vs. MANETsRouting Protocols

2 CLWPR ProtocolIntroductionNeighbor DiscoveryRepositoriesForwardingEnhancements

3 EvaluationUsing CLWPRPerformance Evaluation

EvaluationSummary

VANETs Vs. MANETsRouting Protocols

Differences between VANETs and MANETs

Lack of strict energy constraintsHigh but predictable mobility, constraint by the roadtopologyRelatively short lived communication linksUnique characteristics of communication channel

EvaluationSummary

Routing protocols for VANETs

NS-3 has currently ONLY routing protocols for MANETs(OLSR, AODV, DSDV)Position-based routing protocols perform better in VANETenvironments1

Enhance performance of the protocol with the use ofmobility and cross-layer information

1K. C. Lee et al., “Survey of Routing Protocols in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks”, inAdvances in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks: Developments and Challenges, IGI Global,Oct, 2009.

EvaluationSummary

Position-based routing protocols

Select the next hop among the neighbors using a metricbased on the position of that node

Problem faced when current node lays closer to destinationthan any other neighbor; known as local maximumproblem.Use additional information, such as map information, tominimize the effect of local maximum. Use a recoverystrategy to cope with this problem (e.g., perimeterforwarding, carry-n-forward)

EvaluationSummary

Select the next hop among the neighbors using a metricbased on the position of that nodeProblem faced when current node lays closer to destinationthan any other neighbor; known as local maximumproblem.

Use additional information, such as map information, tominimize the effect of local maximum. Use a recoverystrategy to cope with this problem (e.g., perimeterforwarding, carry-n-forward)

EvaluationSummary

Select the next hop among the neighbors using a metricbased on the position of that nodeProblem faced when current node lays closer to destinationthan any other neighbor; known as local maximumproblem.Use additional information, such as map information, tominimize the effect of local maximum. Use a recoverystrategy to cope with this problem (e.g., perimeterforwarding, carry-n-forward)

EvaluationSummary

IntroductionNeighbor DiscoveryRepositoriesForwardingEnhancements

Cross-Layer, Weighted, Position-based RoutingModule

A module for realizing position-based routing in VANETsEnhances routing decisions with nagivation informationExploits cross-layer information to make more effectiverouting decisionsSupports carry-n-forward mechanism

EvaluationSummary

Neighbor Discovery Mechanism

Is based on 1-hop periodic “HELLO” messages carryingmobility, link and utilization information

EvaluationSummary

Repositories

Neighbor Set is the list of directly accessible (1-hop) nodes.Includes mobility, link and utilization relatedinformation of the node

Position Association Set is the list of destination nodes.Includes mobility related information of destinationnode.

EvaluationSummary

Repositories

Neighbor Set is the list of directly accessible (1-hop) nodes.Includes mobility, link and utilization relatedinformation of the node

Position Association Set is the list of destination nodes.Includes mobility related information of destinationnode.

EvaluationSummary

Forwarding Mechanism

Forwarding metric in CLWPR is the result of joint weightingfunction:

Weight = f1Distance + f2NormAngle+f3NormRoad + f4Utilization+

f5MACinfo + f6CnFinfo+

f7SNIRinfo

The node with the least weight will be selected as nexthopIf current node has least weight (local maximum problem),then the packet is cachedCurrently fi parameters are fixed, no optimizations

EvaluationSummary

f7SNIRinfo

EvaluationSummary

f7SNIRinfo

EvaluationSummary

f7SNIRinfo

EvaluationSummary

How packets flow through the Protocol Stack in NS-3

EvaluationSummary

RouteOutput

EvaluationSummary

RouteInput

EvaluationSummary

Other Enhancements Used in CLWPR Module

ns3::GridMap is a class that provides information relatedto navigation, such as road id and courvemetric distanceUse of packet Tags to get SINR values from PHY for“HELLO" messagesUse the DeferredRouteTag as per AODVimplementation to cache packets in local maximum

EvaluationSummary

Using CLWPRPerformance Evaluation

How to use CLWPR

CLWPR comes with a helper class in order to be installedto the nodesMultiple attributes for configuration and optimizationCurrent Limitations

GridMap is the only “navigation system"Only IPv4 compatibleWorks with single interface

EvaluationSummary

Comparison with AODV, OLSR and DSDV

EvaluationSummary

Summary

We have introduced a novel cross-layer, position-basedrouting protocol for VANETs.The performance evaluation results suggest it can providehigher PDR than the protocols already implemented inNS-3, without compromizing end-to-end delay.

OutlookOptimization of fi parameters.Extend navigation class to real scenariosExtent support for IPv6 and multiple interfaces

AppendixAcknowledgementFor Further Reading

Acknowledgements

The work was done within the joint research projectDRIVE-C2X, which is funded by the European Union’s SeventhFramework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grantagreement no 270410.

www.drive-c2x.eu

AppendixAcknowledgementFor Further Reading

For Further Reading

K. Katsaros, M. Dianati, R. Tafazolli, and R. Kernchen.CLWPR - A Novel Cross-Layer Optimized Position BasedRouting Protocol for VANETs.In IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference, pages 139 –146 , doi 10.1109/VNC.2011.6117135, 2011.

The source code is available for review athttp://codereview/appspot.com/5343044

a position-based routing module for simulation of vanets in ns-3 · 2018-10-27 · introduction...

Documents