a review of trade preference schemes for the worlde28099s poorest countries
TRANSCRIPT
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Cttp` Vjv`~ Ka+ >0
J ^`uc`w ae \~jl` V~`e`~`kd`Tdb`i`t ea~ |b` Wa~oltVaa~`t| Dapk|~c`t
Ns Tji Ojc~l
CD\TL V~ag~jii` ak Daiv`|c|cu`k`tt jkl L`u`oavi`k|Ad|an`~ >6:>
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o CD\TL V~a~j a Dav|c|ctt jl Loav|
Ns Tji Ojc~l
J ^cw ae \~jl V~e~dTd`i`t e~ |` W~oltVaa~t| Da|~ct
Ctt Vjv~ >0
Ad|a~ >6:>
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cc T+ Ojc~l J ^`uc`w ae \~jl` V~`e`~`kd` Tdb`i`t ea~ |b` Wa~olt Vaa~`t| Dapk|~c`t
Vpnoctb`l ns
Ck|`~kj|cakjo D`k|~` ea~ \~jl` jkl Tpt|jckjno` L`u`oavi`k| "CD\TL#
Ck|`~kj|cakjo @kuc~aki`k| Bapt` >
7 Db`ick l` Njo`r`~|/ :>:3 G`k`uj/ Twc|x`~ojkl
\ o8 -> 3:7 2 Ejr8 -> 3:7 2634@)ijco8 cd|tlFcd|tl+db Ck|`~k`|8 www+cd|tl+a~g
Vpnoctb`~ jkl Lc~`d|a~8 ^cdj~la I`okl`x)A~|cx
V~ag~jii`t Lc~`d|a~8 Db~ct|avb` N`ooijkk
V~ag~jii` \ ji8 Uckjs` L`s Jkdbj~jx/ Vjaoa Gbctp jkl Jkk`)Mj|~ck Vt|`~+
Jdmkawo`lgi`k|t
\bct vjv`~ bjt n``k v~alpd`l pkl`~ |b` CD\TL V~ag~jii` ak Daiv`|c|cu`k`tt jkl L`u`oavi`k|+
CD\TL wctb`t g~j|`epoos |a jdmkawo`lg` |b` tpvva~| ae c|t da~` jkl |b`ij|cd laka~t/ ckdoplckg8
|b` PM L`vj~|i`k| ea~ Ck|`~kj|cakjo L`u`oavi`k| "LECL#/ |b` Tw`lctb Ck|`~kj|cakjo L`u`oavi`k|
Daav`~j|cak Jg`kds "TCLJ#= |b` K`|b`~ojklt Lc~`d|a~j|`)G`k`~jo ae L`u`oavi`k| Daav`~j|cak"LGCT#= |b` Ickct|~s ae Ea~`cgk Jeejc~t ae L`kij~m/ Ljkclj= |b` Ickct|~s ea~ Ea~`cgk Jeejc~t ae Eck)
ojkl= jkl |b` Ickct|~s ae Ea~`cgk Jeejc~t ae Ka~wjs+
\b` jp|ba~ ct j Daktpo|jk| jkl Uctc|ckg V~ae`tta~/ \^JVDJ/ \jkxjkcj+ B` wjt ea~i`~os j t`kca~
`dakaict| wc|b PKD\JL/ |b` Wa~ol Njkm jkl W\A+ B` `rv~`tt`t bct jvv~`dcj|cak ea~ ujopjno`
daii`k|t e~ai |b~`` jkaksiapt ~`e`~``t jt w`oo jt ck lctdpttcakt wc|b Db~ct|avb` N`ooijkk/
Vjaoa Gbctp jkl Jkk`)Mj|~ck Vect|`~ j| CD\TL+ Jks ~`ijckckg `~~a~t j~` bct ~`tvaktcncoc|s+
Ea~ ia~` ckea~ij|cak jnap| CD\TL V~ag~jii` ak Daiv`|c|cu`k`tt jkl L`u`oavi`k| uctc| ap~
w`ntc|` j| www+cd|tl+a~g
CD\TL w`odai`t e``lnjdm jkl daii`k|t ak |bct ladpi`k|+ \b`t` djk n` ea~wj~l`l |a Vjaoa
Gbctp "vgbctpFcd|tl+db# a~ Jkk`)Mj|~ck Vect|`~ "jvect|`~Fcd|tl+db#+
Dc|j|cak8 Ojc~l/ Tji ">6:>#= J ^`uc`w ae \~jl` V~`e`~`kd` Tdb`i`t ea~ |b` Wa~olt Vaa~`t|
Dapk|~c`t= CD\TL V~ag~jii` ak Daiv`|c|cu`k`tt jkl L`u`oavi`k|= Cttp` Vjv`~ Ka+ >0= Ck|`~)
kj|cakjo D`k|~` ea~ \~jl` jkl Tpt|jckjno` L`u`oavi`k|/ G`k`uj/ Twc|x`~ojkl/ www+cd|tl+a~g+
Davs~cgb| CD\TL/ >6:>+ ^`jl`~t j~` `kdap~jg`l |a zpa|` jkl ~`v~alpd` |bct ij|`~cjo ea~ `lp)
dj|cakjo jkl kak)v~aec| vp~vat`t v~aucl`l |b` tap~d` ct jdmkawo`lg`l+
\b` wa~m ct ocd`kt`l pkl`~ |b` D~`j|cu` Daiiakt J||~cnp|cak)Kakdaii`~dcjo)Ka L`~cuj|cu`
Wa~mt 4+6 Ocd`kt`+ \a uc`w j davs ae |bct ocd`kt`/ uctc| b||v8!!d~`j|cu`daiiakt+a~g!ocd`kt`t!
ns)kd)kl!4+6+
\b` uc`wt `rv~`tt`l ck |bct vpnocdj|cak j~` |bat` ae |b` jp|ba~ jkl la ka| k`d`ttj~cos ~`eo`d|
|b` uc`wt ae CD\TL a~ |b` epklckg ckt|c|p|cakt+
CTTK :330)534>
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cccCD\TL V~a~j a Dav|c|ctt jl Loav|
\JNO@ AE DAK\@K\T
OCT\ AE Jnn^`uCJ\CAkT JkL JD^AksiT c
OCT\ AE \JnO`T
OCT\ AE DBJ^\T c
EA^`WA^L cc
`r`Dp\Cu` TpiiJ^s :
Ck\^ALpD\CAk O`o Ntt kl K|d|k ^`zp~`i`k|t 7
>+ DAu`^Jg` ns V^`E`^`kD`)g^Jk\Ckg DApk\^s/V^ALpD\T JkL \^JL` 2
>+: A~cw ae |b Tod|l Tdbt 2
>+> M Ej|~t ae |b Clccljo Tdbt :>
>+4 Du`~` n \~ Ok`t kl \~l`/ \~ \~`|i`k|/
jl p|coctj|ca ae V~e~dt :0
4+ ^pO`T AE A^CgCk 4663
\jno` 58 IEK V~`e`~`k|cjo ~j|`t jgjckt| civa~|t e~ai l`u`oav`l!l`u`oavckg dapk|~c`t jkl OLDt
"%/ PT, ncoocak#
\jno` 78 Ju`~jg` jvvoc`l ~j|`t ak ~`da~l`l |~jl` c|`it ns t`o`d|`l v~`e`~`kd` g~jk|ckg dapk|~c`t
jgjckt| cklcuclpjo OLDt >6:6 "%#
\jno` 28 ^j|ca ae lp|s)e~`` |a |a|jo |j~cee ock`t wc|b civa~|t e~ai vj~|k`~/ >666 "%#
\jno` 38 ^j|ca ae lp|s)e~`` |a |a|jo |j~cee ock`t wc|b civa~|t e~ai vj~|k`~/ >6:6 "%#
\jno` :68 ^j|ca ae lp|s)e~`` |a |a|jo civa~|t ns vj~|k`~/ >666 "%#
\jno` ::8 ^j|ca ae lp|s)e~`` |a |a|jo civa~|t ns vj~|k`~/ >6:6 "%#
\jno` :>8 OLD `rva~|t/ >666)>6:6 "4 lcgc| TC\D ^`u+ 4# wc|b ujop` `rd``lckg ,066/666 ck >6:6/ ck
l`td`klckg a~l`~ ae g~aw|b ~j|` >666):6 ",666 %#
\jno` :48 @ee`d|t ae epoo lp|s)e~`` |~`j|i`k| ea~ OLDt ns t`o`d|`l v~`e`~`kd`)g~jk|ckg dapk|~c t
"`t|+#
\jno` :
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uc T+ Ojc~l J ^`uc`w ae \~jl` V~`e`~`kd` Tdb`i`t ea~ |b` Wa~olt Vaa~`t| Dapk|~c`t
OCT\ AE DBJ~\T
Dbj~| :8 OLDt GLV v`~ djvc|j ) g~aw|b >666):6/ Dakt|jk| >666 PTL "%#
Dbj~| >8 OLDt Ujop` jll`l!GLV ns Ijha~ T`d|a~t >666):6
Dbj~| 48 OLDt @rva~|t ae Gaalt >666):6Dbj~| 666):6
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uccCD\TL V~a~j a Dav|c|ctt jl Loav|
EA~@WA~l
Ea~|s)`cgb| dapk|~c`t j~` dp~~`k|os dojttc`l ns |b` Pkc|`l Kj|cakt jt o`jt| l`u`oav`l dapk|~c`t
"OLDt#/ l`tcgkj|`l jt tpdb ea~ |b`c~ oaw ckdai`/ bpijk jtt`|t w`jmk`tt jkl `dakaicd upok`~jncoc|s+
Wc|b j~apkl 226 icoocak v`avo` ocuckg ck wbj| j~` |b` wa~olt vaa~`t| dapk|~c`t/ OLDt dakt|c|p|`
j~apkl :> v`~ d`k| ae |b` wa~olt vavpoj|cak/ np| dak|~cnp|` |a akos : v`~ d`k| ae wa~ol |~jl`+
Gcu`k |b` uc~|p`t ae av`kk`tt jkl ae |~jl` jt jk kgck` ae g~aw|b/ |b` dp~~`k| t|j|` ae ij~gckjocxj|cak
ae OLDt ck wa~ol |~jl` dapol n` j d~c|cdjo ejd|a~ baolckg njdm |b`c~ l`u`oavi`k|+ Ck |bct ~`gj~l/
|b` ck|`~kj|cakjo daiipkc|s bjt vp| ck vojd` j kpin`~ ae ckc|cj|cu`t jci`l j| t|cipoj|ckg OLDt
vj~|cdcvj|cak ck |b` ck|`~kj|cakjo |~jlckg tst|`i+ Tai` ae |b`t` ckc|cj|cu`t ckdopl` tpvva~|ckg OLDt
wc|b v~`e`~`k|cjo ij~m`| jdd`tt jkl tv`dcjo jkl lcee`~`k|cjo |~`j|i`k| ~`gj~lckg |b`c~ ck|`~kj|cakjo
|~jl` anocgj|cakt+
Ij~m`| jdd`tt v~`e`~`kd`t `k|c|o` `rva~|`~t e~ai l`u`oavckg jkl o`jt| l`u`oav`l dapk|~c`t |a
oaw`~ |j~ceet a~ |a lp|s) jkl zpa|j)e~`` jdd`tt |a |bc~l dapk|~s ij~m`|t+ Ck g`k`~jo/ OLDt bju`
~`d`cu`l tv`dcjo jkl v~`e`~`k|cjo |~`j|i`k| ea~ j wcl`~ dau`~jg` ae v~alpd|t jkl l``v`~ |j~cee dp|t
|bjk l`u`oavckg dapk|~c`t+ Ck tvc|` ae |b`t` tdb`i`t/ baw`u`~/ OLDt `rva~|t bju` ka| civ~au`l
tcgkcdjk|os au`~ |b` ojt| l`djl`t+
\bct t|pls jkjost`t |b` civo`i`k|j|cak ae v~`e`~`k|cjo |~jl` tdb`i`t ae t`u`k ijha~ ij~m`|t
) Djkjlj/ Dbckj/ @p~av`jk Pkcak/ Cklcj/ Ma~`j/ Hjvjk/ jkl |b` Pkc|`l T|j|`t jkl tcipoj|`t
t`vj~j|`os |b` civjd| ak OLDt `rva~|t ae `r|`klckg epoo LEZE ij~m`| jdd`tt jkl ae dakdoplckg
j KJIJ jg~``i`k| ck |b` Labj ^apkl+: \b` klckgt j~` ck ock` wc|b |bat` ae `j~oc`~ t|plc`t8 |b`
Labj ^apkl/ `u`k wb`k tpdd`ttepoos dakdopl`l/ icgb| ka| bju` j tcgkcdjk| civjd| ak OLDt |~jl`+
Baw`u`~/ jk civa~|jk| dak|~cnp|cak ae |bct t|pls ct |bj| j vattcno` Labj ^apkl td`kj~ca dainck`l
wc|b LEZE ij~m`| jdd`tt dapol l`ocu`~ tcgkcdjk| gjckt |a OLDt+
\b` t|pls v~aucl`t jk au`~uc`w ae |b` v~`e`~`k|cjo |~jl` tdb`i`t ck ejuap~ ae OLDt ns na|b
l`u`oav`l dapk|~c`t jkl `i`~gckg vj~|k`~t/ tpdb jt Dbckj/ Cklcj jkl Ma~`j/ pkl`~tda~ckg |b` ejd|
|bj| |b` oj||`~ dapol bju` ia~` civa~|jk| civjd|t ak OLD `rva~|t jt tap|b)tap|b |~jl` gj|b`~t
g~`j|`~ iai`k|pi+ \b` t|pls jota d~c|cdjoos oaamt j| ~po`t ae a~cgck jkl lctdptt`t baw |b`s dapol
n` civ~au`l+ \b~apgb |bct jkjostct/ CD\TL jcit |a dak|~cnp|` |a |b` ak)gackg lctdpttcakt ck |b` W\A
jkl n`sakl jkl v~aucl`t ckea~ij|cak |bj| OLDt |~jl` jkl l`u`oavi`k| vj~|k`~t dapol daktcl`~ ck
l`tcgkckg ep|p~` v~`e`~`kd` tdb`i`t ea~ |b` dapk|~c`t iat| ck k``l+
^cdj~la I`okl`x)A~|cx
Dbc`e @r`dp|cu`/ CD\TL
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: T+ Ojc~l J ^`uc`w ae \~jl` V~`e`~`kd` Tdb`i`t ea~ |b` Wa~olt Vaa~`t| Dapk|~c`t
@r@Dp\Cu@ TpiiJ~s
B`ovckg OLDt |b~apgb |~jl`
@dakaict|t bju` oakg ~`dagkct`l |b` civa~|jkd` ae |~jl` ea~ `dakaicd l`u`oavi`k|+ \bct bjt|~jktoj|`l ck|a j kpin`~ ae jd|cakt jci`l j| ejdcoc|j|ckg l`u`oavckg dapk|~c`t vj~|cdcvj|cak ck
ck|`~kj|cakjo |~jl`+ Ck jk civa~|jk| ckc|cj|cu` |a naat| |b` |~jl` ae |b` o`jt|)l`u`oav`l dapk|~c`t
"OLDt#/ W\A Lc~`d|a~)G`k`~jo ^`kj|a ^pggc`~a jkkapkd`l ck :335 |bj| b` wapol t``m lp|s)e~``/
zpa|j)e~`` "LEZE# jdd`tt ea~ OLDt+ Bct ckc|cj|cu` wjt `kla~t`l ns |b` ~t| W\A Ickct|`~cjo Dake`~)
`kd` ck Tckgjva~` oj|`~ |bj| s`j~+ \b` ckc|cj|cu` wjt `dba`l ck |b` PK Icoo`kkcpi L`doj~j|cak ae
>666/ wbcdb pkl`~|aam |a jll~`tt OLDt tv`dcjo k``lt/ ckdoplckg |b~apgb lp|s) jkl zpa|j)e~``
jdd`tt ea~ tt`k|cjoos joo |b`c~ rva~|t/ jt w`oo jt l`jockg daiv~`b`ktcu`os jkl ee`d|cu`os wc|b |b`
l`n| v~ano`it ae oaw) jkl icllo`)ckdai` dapk|~c`t+ \b` ~t| av`~j|cakjo tdb`i` wjt jkkapkd`l
ns |b`k @P \~jl` Daiicttcak`~ Vjtdjo Ojis ck |b` ~pk)pv |a |b` >66: N~ptt`ot V~ag~jii` ae
Jd|cak ea~ OLDt+ C| wjt ~`je~i`l ns |b` eap~|b OLD Dake`~`kd`"OLD CU# ck Ct|jknpo ck >6::/ wb`~`
l`o`gj|`tka|`l |bj| |~jl` wcoo ckd~`jtckgos dak|ckp` |a n` ~`oc`l pvak ns OLDt |a g`k`~j|` |b`~`tap~d`t ea~ kjkdckg g~aw|b jkl l`u`oavi`k| |a daivo`i`k| |bat` e~ai Aedcjo L`u`oavi`k|
Jttct|jkd` "ALJ# jkl v~ cuj|` djvc|jo awt+
Tdav` ae |bct ~`va~|
\bct ~`va~| `rjick`t baw ckc|cj|cu`t |a b`ov OLDt |~jl` ia~` `ee`d|cu`os j~` civo`i`k|`l ck
t`u`k m`s ij~m`|t8 Djkjlj/ Dbckj/ |b` @p~av`jk Pkcak/ Cklcj/ Hjvjk/ Tap|b Ma~`j jkl |b` Pkc|`l
T|j|`t+ C| ckdopl`t dapk|~s jkl v~alpd| dau`~jg`= ocic|j|cakt ak |b` tdb`i`t= tai` `t|cij|`t
ae |b`c~ ujop`/ ckdoplckg |b` va|`k|cjo ea~ civ~au`i`k|t= jkl vattcno` `ee`d|t ae dakdoplckg |b`
W\At l`djl`)aol Labj L`u`oavi`k| Jg`klj "LLJ# k`ga|cj|cakt+ Eckjoos/ tai` civ~au`i`k|t |a
|b` tdb`i`t j~` ap|ock`l ta |bj| |b`t` wa~m |awj~lt n`||`~ dak|~cnp|cak ae |~jl` |a |b` `dakaicdl`u`oavi`k| ae |b` OLDt
Dau`~jg` jkl ocic|j|cakt ae LEZE tdb`i`t
\b` t`d|a~jo dau`~jg` ae |b` Djkjlcjk/ @P jkl Hjvjk`t` tdb`i`t ct zpc|` daiv~`b`ktcu`/ wbco`
|b` ijha~ ocic|j|cak ck l`u`oav`l ij~m`|t ct |b` Pkc|`l T|j|`t o`tt r|`ktcu` dau`~jg` ea~ civa~|t
ae |`r|co`t jkl doa|bckg+ L`u`oavckg ij~m`|t |`kl |a bju` oaw`~ ~j|`t/ bcgb`~ civa~|t jkl bcgb`~
dau`~jg` ea~ ep`ot jkl ~jw ij|`~cjot+ Ck a|b`~ wa~lt/ civa~|ckg l`u`oavckg dapk|~c`t t|j~|`l ns
av`kckg pv ij~m`|t ia~` zpcdmos jkl ia~` l``vos ck j~`jt wb`~` |b`s bju` ~`oj|cu`os e`w ~`)
tap~d`t jkl wb`~` civa~|t j~` k``l`l ea~ |b`c~ awk v~alpd|cak jkl |~jl`+ \b`c~ tdb`i`t j~`/
baw`u`~/ n`daickg ckd~`jtckgos daiv~`b`ktcu`+
Wc|b e`w `rd`v|cakt/ ckdoptcak jt j n`k`dcj~s ae jk OLD v~`e`~`kd` tdb`i` ct l`v`kl`k| ak |b`
dapk|~st ckdoptcak ck |b` PK oct| ae OLDt "jkl/ ck j e`w djt`t/ tai` a|b`~ daklc|cakt#+ @rdoptcak
e~ai v~`e`~`kd tdb`i`t ct |b`k ck iat| ae |b` t`o`d|`l dapk|~c`t g~jk|ckg tv`dcjo OLD v~`e`~ kd`t
ockm`l |a g~jlpj|cak e~ai |b` OLD g~apv/ wc|b j |~jktc|cak v`~cal ck tai` djt`t+ \b` @P jkl
|b` PT jota bju` v~auctcakt ea~ |b` `rdoptcak ae OLDt ea~ vaoc|cdjo ~`jtakt/ tpdb jt daivocjkd` wc|b
ojnap~ ojwt a~ v~a|`d|cak ae ck|`oo`d|pjo v~av`~|s+ "\bct ct tai`wbj| lcee`~`k| e~ai v~`e`~`kd`)
g~jk|ckg dapk|~c`t ~`wj~lckg ~`dcvc`k| dapk|~c`t ea~ gb|ckg l~pg |~jedmckg/ a~ v~a|`d|ckg |b`
`kuc~aki`k|/ |b~apgb gcuckg |b`i jllc|cakjo n`k`|t pkl`~ G`k`~joct`l Tst|`i ae V~`e`~`kd`t
tdb`i`t#+
Ck g`k`~jo/ GTV tdb`i`t ckdoplckg |bat` ea~ OLDt la ka| v~`dopl` jd|cak pkl`~ ka~ijo W\A ~po`t/
tpdb jt tje`gpj~lt/ jk|c)lpivckg a~ dapk|`~ujcockg i`jtp~`t+ Baw`u`~/ gcu`k |bj| v~`e`~`kd`t
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>CD\TL V~a~j a Dav|c|ctt jl Loav|
j~` pkcoj|`~joos g~jk|`l jkl djk n` pkcoj|`~joos wc|bl~jwk/ jt w`oo jt |b` ejd| |bj| OLDt vat`
e`w |b~`j|t |a ijha~ `rva~| ij~m`|t/ akos j e`w v~`e`~`kd`)g~jk|ckg dapk|~c`t bju` l`u`oav`l
tavbct|cdj|`l ~po`t ea~ |b` g~jlpj|cak ae OLDt+ Tje`gpj~lt pkl`~ GJ\\ J~|cdo` RCR bju` |a n`
g`k`~joos jvvoc`l/ jkl OLDt wapol n` jee`d|`l ns tpdb i`jtp~`t+ \b`~` ct/ baw`u`~/ ka cklcdj|cak
|bj| |b`s bju` n``k |b` v~ci` |j~g`|t ae tpdb jd|cakt+ \b`~` bju` n``k akos j e`w djt`t ae jk|c)lpivckg jd|cakt jkl ka ~`da~l`l ckt|jkd`t ae dapk|`~ujcockg i`jtp~`t ck |b` W\A+ Ck jllc|cak/
OLDt |`kl |a n`k`| e~ai j kpin`~ ae W\A ~po`t |bj| bju` l` ickcict v~auctcakt v~`doplckg
jd|cakt |bj| icgb| a|b`~wct` n` vattcno`+
Jka|b`~ ocic|j|cak ak civa~|t e~ai OLDt j~ct`t e~ai ~`t|~cd|cu` ~po`t ae a~cgck/ wbcdb `t|jn)octb
|b` o`u`o ae v~ad`ttckg |bj| ct ~`zpc~`l |a an|jck n`k`|t+ Ck Djkjlj/ jkl ia~` ~`d`k|os |b` @P/
~po`t ae a~cgck ea~ OLDt bju` n`dai` o`tt t|~ckg`k| |bjk |bat` ea~ a|b`~ GTV n`k`dcj~c`t+ \b`t`
dapk|~c`t j~` jota ia~` v`~icttcu` ck v`~ic||ckg dpipoj|cak/ c+`+ jooawckg OLDt |a pt` civa~|`l
ij|`~cjot e~ai a|b`~ n`k`dcj~c`t pkl`~ |b`c~ GTV tdb`i`t wc|bap| oatckg v~`e`~`k|cjo |~`j|i`k|+
Uj~capt t|plc`t j~gp` |bj| ia~` ocn`~jo/ |~jktvj~`k| jkl bj~iakct`l ~po`t ae a~cgck wapol n`k`|
OLDt+
V`~ea~ijkd` ae OLDt
\b` ojt| l`djl` bjt t``k tcgkcdjk| civ~au`i`k|t ck ij~m`| jdd`tt avva~|pkc|c`t ea~ OLD `rva~|t/
wbcdb/ dainck`l wc|b ia~` jkl n`||`~ lc~`d|`l jcl ea~ |~jl`/ bju` `kbjkd`l |b` `dakaicd
v`~ea~ijkd` ae OLDt jt j g~apv+ \b`c~ GLV g~`w j| jk ju`~jg` ~j|` ae tai` 5+4 v`~d`k| jkkpjoos
au`~ |b` l`djl` pv |a >663/ np| wjt k`gj|cu`os jee`d|`l ck >6:6 ta |bj| |b` ju`~jg` e~ai >666
|a >6:6 l~avv`l |a 4+< v`~ d`k|+ \bct wjt jddaivjkc`l ns tai` ial`t| t`d|a~jo lcu`~tcdj|cak
"l`dock` ck jg~cdpo|p~`/ g~aw|b ck cklpt|~s jkl t`~ucd`t#+ Ae dap~t`/ tai` OLDt bju` n`k`|`l e~ai
lctdau`~c`t ae aco/ gaol jkl a|b`~ ick`~jot/ wbco` a|b`~t bju` `rv`~c`kd`l k`gj|cu` g~aw|b ockm`l
ijckos |a dcuco pk~`t|/ wj~t jkl kj|p~jo lctjt|`~t+ Baw`u`~/ wbco` |b` g~aw|b ae OLD `rva~|t aekj|p~jo)~`tap~d`)njt`l v~alpd|t ct l~jij|cd/ |b` ejt|`t|)g~awckg rva~|t jota ckdopl` j wcl` ~jkg`
ae jg~cdpo|p~jo jkl ijkpejd|p~`l v~alpd|t/ ckdoplckg uj~capt jvvj~`o c|`it/ e~pc| jkl u`g`|jno`t/
kp|t/ daee` / jkl tb jkl d~pt|jd`jkt+ \b` g~aw|b ae |b`t` `rva~|t ct d~pdcjo |a OLDt |bj| j~` ka|
w`oo `klaw`l wc|b bcgb)ujop` njtcd daiialc|c`t+>
C| ct jota ka|jno` |bj| OLDt bju` tpdd``l`l ck lcu`~tcesckg |b` l`t|ckj|cakt ea~ |b`c~ v~alpd|t
n`sakl l`u`oav`l ij~m`|t+ A|b`~ l`u`oavckg dapk|~c`t kaw |jm` tai` 6 v`~d`k| ae |b` |a|jo+ \bct jdbc`u`i`k| ct vj~|os lp` |a |b`
dakd~`|` t|`vt |jm`k ns a|b`~ l`u`oavckg dapk|~c`t |a v~aucl` civ~au`l ij~m`| jdd`tt ea~ OLDt
|b~apgb ipo|coj|`~jo/ ~`gcakjo jkl ncoj|`~jo ckc|cj|cu`t+ Dapk|~c`t tpdb jt Dbckj/ Ma~`j jkl Cklcj
kaw g~jk| ujopjno` v~`e`~`kd`t ea~ OLD v~alpd|t+
Civ~au`i`k|t ck OLDt |~jl` v`~ea~ijkd` djkka| n` j||~cnp|`l tao`os |a |~jl` v~`e`~`kd`t= |b`s
bju` jota `kbjkd`l |b`c~ v~alpd|cu` djvjdc|c`t jkl |~jl`)~`oj|`l vbstcdjo cke~jt|~pd|p~`/ |bjkmt
ck vj~| |a w`oo)|j~g`|`l jcl ea~ |~jl`+ Baw`u`~/ l`u`oavi`k|t ak |b` l`ijkl jkl tpvvos tcl`t
j~` ka| `k|c~`os ckl`v`kl`k| ae `jdb a|b`~8 ckd~`jt`l l`ijkl ea~ civa~|t e~ai OLDt bjt tvp~~`l
cku`t|i`k|/ wbcdb bjt oce|`l |b`c~ jncoc|s |a i``| |bj| l`ijkl+
\b` ep|p~` ae LEZE tdb`i`t
\bct ~`va~| dak~it |b` klckgt ae j kpin`~ ae t|plc`t cklcdj|ckg |bj| OLDt t|jkl |a ijm` ep~|b`~
gjckt |b~apgb civ~au`i`k|t |a |b` rct|ckg v~`e`~`kd` tdb`i`t+ \b`t` t|plc`t bju` jota dakdopl`l|bj| |b` `ee`d|t ae |b` civo`i`k|j|cak ae |b` Labj k`ga|cj|cakt uj~s jd~att OLDt+
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4 T+ Ojc~l J ^`uc`w ae \~jl` V~`e`~`kd` Tdb`i`t ea~ |b` Wa~olt Vaa~`t| Dapk|~c`t
Va|`k|cjo gjckt ea~ OLDt e~ai civ~au`i`k|t |a LEZE tdb`i`t j~` zpc|` tijoo ck Djkjlj/ Dbckj/
|b` @P jkl Hjvjk+ Baw`u`~/ |b`~` j~` zpc|` civa~|jk| va|`k|cjo gjckt |a n` ijl` ck |b` Ck)lcjk/
Ma~`jk jkl PT ij~m`|t+ \b` iat| tcgkcdjk| ae |b`t` wapol n`k`| |`r|co`t jkl doa|bckg `r)va~|t
|a |b` PT ij~m`| e~ai Njkgojl`tb/ Djinalcj jkl Bjc|c+ C| ct vattcno` |bj| ep~|b`~ gjckt dapol
n` ijl` ns ~`ojrckg ~po`t ae a~cgck/ a~ ptckg jcl ea~ |~jl` |a b`ov OLDt i``| t|jklj~lt ck ijha~`rva~| ij~m`|t+ A|b`~ t|plc`t dc|`l ck |bct ~`va~| tbaw |bj| civ~auckg |b`c~ tdb`i`t wapol bju`
j ickcijo civjd| ak v~`e`~`kd`)g~jk|ckg ij~m`|t+
Daktct|`k| wc|b a|b`~ ~`d`k| t|plc`t/ c| ct `t|cij|`l b`~` |bj| pkl`~ tai` Labj td`kj~cat |b`~`
wapol n` j k`| l`dock` ck OLD `rva~|t |a |b` Djkjlcjk/ @P jkl Hjvjk`t` ij~m`|t lp` |a v~`e)
`~`kd` `~atcak/ wc|b Njkgojl`tb jt |b` ijha~ oat`~+ Ck |b` PT/ |b`~` ct joiat| ka dbjkg` ck |b`
jgg~`gj|`/ np| Njkgojl`tb jkl Djinalcj wapol gjck tcgkcdjk|os/ wbco` tpnt|jk|cjo oatt`t j~`
`t|cij|`l ea~ O`ta|ba jkl Ijljgjtdj~+ \b` `t|cij|`t jota tbaw pt`epo/ jon`c| ial`t|/ gjckt ea~
OLD `rva~|t |a |b` Dbck`t`/ Cklcjk jkl Ma~`jk ij~m`|t+
Dakdoptcakt
C| ct ck`uc|jno` |bj| |b` ujop` ae OLD v~`e`~`kd`t wcoo l`dock` jt |~jl` ocn`~joctj|cak v~ad``lt/
wb`|b`~ pkcoj|`~joos a~ pkl`~ W\A a~ ~`gcakjo jg~``i`k|t+ Baw`u`~/ |b` v~`e`~`kd`t j~` t|coo
j pt`epo |aao ea~ naat|ckg `rva~|t ck |b` tba~| |`~i+ \b`s ijs jota b`ov j||~jd| ea~`cgk lc~`d|
cku`t|i`k| ck dapk|~c`t jkl t`d|a~t dau`~`l ns |b` tdb`i`t+ Jiakg |b` civ~au`i`k|t |bj| djk n`
ijl` j~` `r|`kl`l jkl g~`j|`~ t|jncoc|s ae dau`~jg` "ea~ `rjivo`/ pkl`~ |`k)s`j~ v~ag~jii`t#/
tcivo`~ jkl ia~` ocn`~jo ~po`t ae a~cgck/ wc|b g~`j|`~ tdav` ea~ dpipoj|cak ae a~cgck jd~att OLDt
jkl GTV dapk|~c`t+ \bct wapol jota t`kl j tcgkjo |a cku`t|a~t |bj| wapol naat| `eea~|t |a npcol
tpvvos djvjdc|s ck OLDt
C| wapol jota n` b`ovepo |a |b` v`~d`cu`l |~jktvj~`kds jkl t|jncoc|s ae OLD LEZE v~ag~jii`t ceanh`d|cu` ~po`t/ tpdb jt ckdoptcak ck |b` PK dojttcdj|cak ae OLDt wbcdb |jm`t jddapk| ae wcl`~
d~c|`~cj |bjk ckdai` joak` w`~` pt`l |a dau`~ g~jlpj|cak e~ai |b` tdb`i`t/ ckdoplckg wc|b jk
jg~``l |~jktc|cak v`~cal+
Wbco` LEZE |~`j|i`k| ea~ OLDt ct pkcoj|`~joos gcu`k jkl ijs n` pkcoj|`~joos wc|bl~jwk/ |b`~`
ct j djt` ea~ do`j~`~ ~po`t jkl civ~au`l |~jktvj~`kds ck |b` wjs `rdoptcakt j~` dj~~c`l ap|+
\b`~` tbapol j| o`jt| n` jk avva~|pkc|s |a lctdptt ncoj|`~joos/ jkl j| |b` W\A/ jks v~ano`it jkl
jo|`~kj|cu` i`jtp~`t |a wc|bl~jwjo ae n`k`|t+ Tcicoj~ d~c|`~cj icgb| n` l`u`oav`l ea~ a|b`~ W\A
dak|ckg`kds i`jtp~`t/ tpdb jt tje`gpj~lt/ jk|c)lpivckg jkl dapk|`~ujcockg i`jtp~`t+ C| tbapol n`
vattcno` |a l`u`oav jk anh`d|cu` i`jtp~`/ tpdb jt ^`u`jo`l Daivj~j|cu` Jlujk|jg`/ ak wbcdb |a
njt` j g~jlpj|cak v~auctcak+ \b`~` ct jota j djt` ea~ vbjtckg ap| LEZE v~auctcakt/ ce c| ct ta l`dcl`l/jkl!a~ v~auclckg tai` ea~i ae jlhpt|i`k| jttct|jkd` |a lai`t|cd cklpt|~c`t ck v~`e`~`kd )g~jk|ckg
dapk|~c`t/ wbat` daivj~j|cu` jlujk|jg` ijs n` ak |b` wjk`/ ~j|b`~ |bjk l`ksckg jdd`tt |a OLDt+
Wc|bck |b` W\A/ l`u`oavckg dapk|~c`t bju` jota j~gp`l |bj| |b` wc|bl~jwjo/ a~ |b` |b~`j| ae
wc|bl~jwjo/ ae v~`e`~`kd`t tbapol ka| n` pt`l jt o`u`~jg` |a ep~|b`~ kak)|~jl` anh`d|cu`t+
@rjivo`t ckdopl` ockmckg n`k`|t |a |b` jvvocdj|cak ae kuc~aki`k|jo jkl tadcjo "ojnap~# t|jklj~lt/
v~a|`d|cak ae ck|`oo`d|pjo v~av`~|s ~cgb|t jkl `eea~|t |a gb| l~pg |~jedmckg+
Wbco` |b` eadpt ae |bct ~`va~| ct ak lp|s) jkl zpa|j)e~`` tdb`i`t ea~ OLDt/ c| ct civa~|jk| |a ~`djoo
|bj| civ~au`l ij~m`| jdd`tt jkl eea~|t |a npcol OLD tpvvos djvjdc|s j~` ip|pjoos daivo`i`k|j~s/
jt j~gp`l ns @P \~jl` Daiicttcak`~ Vjtdjo Ojis wb`k b` jkkapkd`l |b` Pkcakt @u`~s|bckg Np|J~it "@NJ# tdb`i` ck >666+
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66:
N~ptt`ot V~ag~jii` ae Jd|cak "NVaJ#/ wbcdb
ka|`l |bj| |~jl` wcoo ckd~`jtckgos dak|ckp`
|a n` ~`oc`l pvak ns OLDt |a g`k`~j|` |b`
~`tap~d`t ea~ kjkdckg g~aw|b jkl l`u`oavi`k|
|a daivo`i`k| |bat` e~ai Aedcjo L`u`oavi`k|
Jttct|jkd` "ALJ# jkl v~cuj|` djvc|jo awt+0 \b`
NVaJ jota l~`w j||`k|cak |a |b` ejd| |bj| OLDt
vj~|cdcvj|cak ck ck|`~kj|cakjo |~jl` wjt t`u`~`os
ocic|`l ns j kpin`~ ae ejd|a~t/ ck vj~|cdpoj~l`ijkl) jkl tpvvos)tcl` dakt|~jck|t/ jt w`oo jt
pkejuap~jno` ij~m`| jdd`tt daklc|cakt jee`d|ckg
|b` v~alpd|t ae g~`j|`t| `rva~| ck|`~`t| |a |b`i+
\bct ~`va~| tbawt |bj| |b`~` bju` n``k civa~|jk|
civ~au`i`k|t ck |b` |~jl` jkl `dakaicd
v`~ea~ijkd` ae OLDt au`~ |b` ojt| l`djl`+ Ea~
ckt|jkd`/ PKD\JL ">6:6n# bjt ka|`l |bj| ~`d`k|
bcgb ~j|`t ae `rva~| g~aw|b bju` n``k m`s ck
l~cuckg |b`c~ t|~akg GLV g~aw|b v`~ea~ijkd`
"vjg` 2#+ Baw`u`~/ |b` v`~ea~ijkd` ae cklcuclpjodapk|~c`t uj~c`t daktcl`~jnos+ Ia~`au`~/ |b`
`rva~| t|~pd|p~`t ae OLDt ~`ijck dakd`k|~j|`l
ak j e`w v~cij~s daiialc|c`t jkl oaw)tmcoo`l
ojnap~)ck|`ktcu` ijkpejd|p~`t "W\A/ >6::d#+
T`u`~jo ejd|a~t bju` dak|~cnp|`l |a |b` v~ag~`tt
ijl` ns OLDt ck ~`d`k| s`j~t/ ckdoplckg kj|p~jo
~`tap~d` lctdau`~c`t jkl n`||`~)|j~g`|`l jcl ea~
|~jl`+ Jo|bapgb |b` `r|`k| |a wbcdb v~`e`~`kd`t
bju` b`ov`l OLDt v`~ea~ijkd` ct bj~l |a
`t|cij|`/ |b`s jvv`j~ |a bju` bjl j vatc|cu` lc~`d|
`ee`d|+ Cklc~`d|os/ v~`e`~`kd`t bju` jota b`ov`l
d~`j|` jk `kuc~aki`k| ck wbcdb cku`t|i`k| ck
|~jl` n`dai`t ia~` jlujk|jg`apt+
Wbco` l`u`oav`l dapk|~c`t j~` t|coo |b` ijckij~m`|t ea~ OLDt ijkpejd|p~`l `rva~|t/
l`u`oavckg `dakaic`t bju` n`dai` |b` ijha~
l`t|ckj|cak ea~ |b`c~ `rva~|t ae ick`~jot/ ep`ot/
davv`~/ waal v~alpd|t/ da||ak jkl tai` eaal
v~alpd|t/ ckdoplckg u`g`|jno`t jkl aco t``lt+
Ck|`~kj|cakjo v~cd`t ea~ |b`t` c|`it bju` n``k
ak |b` ckd~`jt` ea~ |b` vjt| l`djl` "W\A/ >6:>#+
Wbco` l`u`oav`l dapk|~c`t aee`~ doat` |a :66
v`~ d`k| LEZE dau`~jg`/ |b`~` j~` `rd`v|cakt/
ka|jnos ck |b` PT+ Jdd`tt djk n` `kbjkd`l
|b~apgb jttct|jkd` ea~ djvjdc|s)npcolckg |ai``| t|jklj~lt jkl civ~auckg ~po`t ae a~cgck/
vj~|cdpoj~os ck ocgb| ae |b` ~atcak ae v~`e`~`kd t
|bj| ct ocm`os |a addp~ ak |b` daivo`|cak ae |b`
Labj ^apkl+ Ak |b` a|b`~ bjkl/ |b` oj~g`~
l`u`oavckg dapk|~c`t djk tcgkcdjk|os `rvjkl
ij~m`| jdd`tt ea~ OLDt+ "\b`t` dapk|~c`t
v~`e`~`kd`t j~` o`tt ocm`os |a n` jee`d|`l ns
Labj)~`oj|`l ~atcak/ jt lctdptt`l oj|`~+#
V~`e`~`kd`t tbapol jota n` t``k jt vj~| ae j
|wa)v~akg`l jvv~ajdb |a b`ov OLDt civ~au`
na|b l`ijkl jkl tpvvos daklc|cakt+ N`||`~
ij~m`| jdd`tt |b~apgb LEZE v~ag~jii`t b`ovt
oce| l`)ijkl ns ~`lpdckg v~cd`t ae OLD `rva~|t
|a ea~`cgk ij~m`|t+ Baw`u`~/ |bct k``lt |a n`
daivo`i`k|`l ns eea~|t |a kbjkd` OLDt tpvvos
jkl v~alpd|cu` djvjncoc|c`t/ jt w`oo jt |~jl`
cke~jt|~pd|p~` |b~apgb jcl ea~ |~jl`+ Vj~| ae |bct
`eea~| `k|jcot tpvva~| ea~ |b` ~ao` ae |b` v~cuj|`
t`d|a~ jkl `kdap~jgckg ea~`cgk jkl lai`t|cd
cku`t|i`k|+ Civ~au`l |~jlckg avva~|pkc|c`t|b~apgb LEZE tdb`i`t ea~ OLDt djk dak|~cnp|`
|a |b`t` eea~|t ak |b` tpvvos tcl`+
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0 T+ Ojc~l J ^`uc`w ae \~jl` V~`e`~`kd` Tdb`i`t ea~ |b` Wa~olt Vaa~`t| Dapk|~c`t
\bct ~`va~| oaamt ~t| j| |b` bct|a~s jkl o`gjo
njtct ae LEZE tdb`i`t "Dbjv|`~ :#+ Dbjv|`~ >
`rjick`t |b` au`~joo dau`~jg` ae |b` tdb`i`t
ck t`u`k t`o`d|`l ij~m`|t "Djkjlj/ Dbckj/ |b`
@P/ Cklcj/ Hjvjk/ Ma~`j jkl |b` PT#/ ckdoplckgck |`~it ae t`d|a~t jkl tv`dcd OLDt+ C|
jota `rjick`t tai` ae |b` ocic|j|cakt ae |b`
tdb`i`t/ tpdb jt `rdoptcakt ea~ tv`dcd OLDt
a~ t`ktc|cu` v~alpd|t jt w`oo jt g~jlpj|cak+
Dbjv|`~ 4 oaamt j| |b` pt` ae ~po`t ae a~cgck ck
|b` t`o`d|`l ij~m`|t |a l`|`~ick` `ocgcncoc|s
ea~ LEZE tdb`i`t/ ckdoplckg |b` vattcncoc|s
ae dpipoj|cak ae a~cgck ea~ `ocgcno` v~alpd|t+
Dbjv|`~ < j||`iv|t |a v~aucl` jk jtt`tti`k|
ae |b` civjd|t ae LEZE tdb`i`t/ jo|bapgb c| ct
lcedpo| |a t`vj~j|` |b`t` `ee`d|t e~ai |bat`
~`tpo|ckg e~ai a|b`~ vaocds i`jtp~`t+ Dbjv|`~
0 daktcl`~t |b` ep|p~` ae LEZE tdb`i`t |b~apgbepoo`~ ocn`~joctj|cak/ jt w`oo jt |b` va|`k|cjo
civjd| ae civo`i`k|ckg |b` ~`tpo|t ae |b` Labj
^apkl+ \bct l~jwt ak a|b`~ t|plc`t/ jt w`oo jt
djodpoj|cakt ijl` tv`dcdjoos ea~ |bct ~`va~|+
\b` dakdoplckg Dbjv|`~ 5 l~jwt |ag`|b`~ |b`
m`s klckgt ae |b` ~`va~| jkl ijm`t tai`
tpgg`t|cakt |bj| icgb| n` pt`epo ea~ |b` ep~|b`~
l`u`oavi`k| ae LEZE tdb`i`t+
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5CD\TL V~a~j a Dav|c|ctt jl Loav|
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wa~m ae V~`nctdb jkl Tckg`~ ck |b` :356t/
wbcdb pkl`~vckt |b` G`k`~joct`l Tst|`it
ae V~`e`~`kd`t "GTVt#+ \b` j~gpi`k|t w`~`
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>7 T+ Ojc~l J ^`uc`w ae \~jl` V~`e`~`kd` Tdb`i`t ea~ |b` Wa~olt Vaa~`t| Dapk|~c`t
\jno` 7+ Ju`~jg` jvvoc`l ~j|`t ak ~`da~l`l |~jl` c|`it ns t`o`d|`l laka~t jgjckt| cklcuclpjo
OLDt >6:6 "%#
OLD Djkjlj Dbckj @p~av`jk
Pkcak
Cklcj Hjvjk Ma~`j/
^`v+
Pkc|`l
T|j|`t
Jegbjkct|jk 6+6 7+> :+: kj :+6 6+3 :+ :+6 6+6 :3+< >+>
Np~mckj Ejta 6+6 0+3 :+: kj 6+4 :+2 :+2
Np~pklc 6+6 :+: 6+6 kj 6+6 6+6 4+2
Djinalcj 6+6 6+7 6+2 kj 6+0 :>+> 7+2
D`k|~jo Je~cdjk `vpnocd 6+6
Dbjl 6+6 0+> :+> kj 6+6 6+6 6+6
Daia~at 6+6 :6+5 6+6 kj :+0 :6+6 6+6
Dakga/ L`i+ `v+ 6+6 0+5 :+> kj 6+6 4+6 6+5
Lhcnap|c 6+6 7+5 :+> kj 6+6 6+6 6+6
@jt| \cia~ >+2 :+< 6+7 kj 6+6 :+0 kj
@zpj|a~cjo Gpck`j 6+6 6+5 :+0 kj 6+7 6+6 6+6
@~c|~`j 4+4 >+> :+: kj 6+6 6+6 0+6
@|bcavcj"`rdopl`t @~c|~`j# 6+6 5+7 :+6 :4+3 6+6 4:+2 6+0
Gjincj/ \b` 6+6 5+> :+6 kj 6+6 6+6 6+5
Gpck`j 6+6 0+3 :+: kj 6+4 +2 :+0 kj kj 4+4 6+6Bjc|c 6+6 :6+> 6+6 kj 6+6 4+< +0 :+6 kj kj :+4 6+6
Oja VL^ 6+6 >+> 6+5 kj 6+7 : 7++> 6+>
Ocn`~cj 6+6 >+0 :+: kj :+: 6+2 :+5
Ijljgjtdj~ 6+6 7+< 6+6 :4+5 6+6 5+: 6+2
Ijojwc 6+6 2+6 4+:
Ijoc 6+6 0+< :+6 3+5 6+6 :3+7 :+2
Ijp~c|jkcj 6+6 0+4 :+6 kj 6+3 +:
Iaxjinczp` 6+6 4+6 6+6 kj 6+6 ::+7 :+>Isjkij~ 6+6 :+> 5+2 kj 6+> : :+3
K`vjo 6+6 ::+4 6+2 kj 6+> 0+< 0+0
Kcg`~ 6+6 0+3 :+< >5+6 6+6 :+> 6+:
^wjklj 6+6 0+0 6+6 5+7 6+6 6+3 6+4
Tjiaj 6+6 2+7 >+> kj 6+6 7+3 :+5
Tja \ai` jkl V~ckdcv` 6+6 0+3 :+4 kj 6+6 :>+2 6+6
T`k`gjo
Taoaiak Ctojklt 6+6 7+6 :+> kj 6+7 4+0 6+6
Taijocj 6+6 6+0 kj 6+4 kj :+6
Tpljk 6+6 0+: :+> ::+3 6+6 >>+: 6+5
\jkxjkcj 6+6
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>2CD\TL V~a~j a Dav|c|ctt jl Loav|
\jno` 7+ Dak|ckp`l
\b`~` wjt jota j tcgkcdjk| tv~`jl ck |b` ~j|ca ae
lp|s)e~`` ock`t |a |a|jo |j~cee ock`t pkl`~ wbcdb
civa~|t |jm` vojd` ck |b` t`o`d|`l ij~m`|t
"\jno`t 2 jkl 3/ dau`~ckg >666 jkl >6:6/ ~`tv`d)
|cu`os#+45 Jt icgb| n` `rv`d|`l/ l`u`oav`l
dapk|~c`t v~aucl`l bcgb`~ dau`~jg`/ wc|b jk
`rvjktcak au`~ |b` |`k)s`j~ v`~cal+ \b` oaw
dau`~jg` ae d`~|jck OLDt/ tpdb jt Njkgojl`tb ck
|b` PT jkl Djkj)lcjk ij~m`|t/ ct j||~cnp|jno` |a
|b` `rdoptcak ae civa~|t ae |`r|co`t jkl doa|bckg+
A|b`~ `rjivo`t ae oaw dau`~jg` j~` jttadcj|`l
wc|b vaoc|cdjo daktcl`~j|cakt/ jt lctdptt`l `j~oc`~+
Vj~|k`~ Kji` Djkjlj Dbckj @p~av`jk
Pkcak
Cklcj Hjvjk Ma~`j/
^`v+
Pkc|`l
T|j|`t
Jegbjkct|jk 3>+7 >+: 33+4 6+6 :66+6 6+6 :7+3Jkgaoj :66+6 6+6 32+5 6+6 :66+6
Njkgojl`tb 5+3 3>+7 4+2 22+: 6+6 2+5 :66+6 6+6 22+3
Nbp|jk :66+6 ++ :66+6 >+6 75+3 :66+6 4+6
Djinalcj 06+6 :>+7 3:+2 6+6 52+0 :+0 :4+0
D`k|~jo Je~cdjk `vpnocd 7+3 06+6 ++ ++ :66+6
@zpj|a~cjo Gpck`j >>+> 6+6 :66+6 ++ >7+2 6+6 :66+6
@~c|~`j ++ ++ 33+: ++ 73+> 6+6 :0+2
@|bcavcj"`rdopl`t @~c|~`j# 34+2 :6+2 36+: :+:
Gjincj/ \b` 37+5 ++ 33+5 06+6 42+: 6+6 0>+3
Gpck`j 23+5 6+6 37+: 6+6 0:+0 6+6 24+:
Gpck`j)Ncttjp :66+6 6+6 32+2 06+6 ++ 6+6 :66+6
Bjc|c 72+5 6+6 30+2 ++ 22+: 6+6 76+3
Mc~cnj|c :66+6 6+6 :66+6 ++ ::+: ++ :66+6
Oja VL^ 06+2 5+6 73+< ++ 3>+3 6+6 >+4
O`ta|ba 6+6 :66+6 ++ :66+6 ++ 2+2
OLD Djkjlj Dbckj @p~av`jk
Pkcak
Cklcj Hjvjk Ma~`j/
^`v+
Pkc|`l
T|j|`t
\aga 6+6 5+5 6+3 kj 6+: >+7 6+2
\pujop kj 6+6 :+: kj 6+6 6+6 6+6
Pgjklj 6+6 +:
Ujkpj|p 6+6 4+4 :+6 kj 6+> 0+4 6+:
S`i`k 6+6 7+5 :+6 kj 6+7 7+5 >+2
Xjincj 6+6 6+6 5+2 6+6 :+: >++< 6+4 2+2 4+>
Tap~d`8 WC\T \^JCKT+
Ka|`8 kj i`jkt ka |~jl` ~`da~l`l e~ai OLD vj~|k`~+ Ju`~jg` ct tcivo` ju`~jg akos ea~ ock`t wc|b ~`da~l`l |~jl`+ ( Ma~`jciva~|`l tai` ,>/>66 ae aco t``l j| jk ju`~jg` ~j|` ae 546%/ |b`~`ns lct|a~|ckg |b` tcivo ju`~jg`+ Iat| Ma~`jk civa~|te~ai N`kck j~` davv`~ jkl jopicpi td~jv j| x`~a ~j|`+
\jno` 2+ ^j|ca ae lp|s)e~`` |a |a|jo |j~cee ock`t wc|b civa~|t e~ai vj~|k`~/ >666 "%#
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>3 T+ Ojc~l J ^`uc`w ae \~jl` V~`e`~`kd` Tdb`i`t ea~ |b` Wa~olt Vaa~`t| Dapk|~c`t
\jno` 3+ ^j|ca ae lp|s)e~`` |a |a|jo |j~cee ock`t wc|b civa~|t e~ai vj~|k`~/ >6:6 "%#
Vj~|k`~ Kji` Djkjlj Dbckj @p~av`jk
Pkcak
Cklcj Hjvjk Ma~`j/
^`v+
Pkc|`l
T|j|`t
Ocn`~cj :66+6 :6+6 25+5 6+6 +5 0>+4
Ijljgjtdj~ 77+4 4+< 37+: 7>+4 :+7 >:+5
K`vjo 52+3 6+5 32+3 :+4 30+> 5+2 43+0
Kcg`~ 2:+> ++ 32+0 6+6 3>+4 6+6 20+2
^wjklj :66+6 :5+7 :66+6 ++ 26+6 6+6 2+3 6+6
Taoaiak Ctojklt :66+6 6+6 :66+6 6+6 07+3 6+6 22+3
Taijocj :66+6 6+6 37+> 07+: :7+> 6+6 3>+:
Tpljk :66+6 6+6
Pgjklj 35+< 6+6 32+0 >5+7 40+< 6+6 25+7Ujkpj|p :66+6 5+: 35+> 6+6 +: ++ :66+6 5:+0 35+7
Nbp|jk :66+6 27+0 04+2 32+> :66+6 >7+4 22+6
Np~mckj Ejta :66+6 0+3 07+5 ++ 30+0 76+6 22+6
Np~pklc :66+6 34+4 :66+6 ++ :66+6 :66+6 72+5
Djinalcj 33+4 3+4 ++ 30+2 7
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46CD\TL V~a~j a Dav|c|ctt jl Loav|
\jno` 3+ Dak|ckp`l
Djkjlj Dbckj @p~av`jk
Pkcak
Cklcj Hjvjk Ma~`j/
^`v+
Pkc|`l
T|j|`t
Dakga/ L`i+ `v+ :66+6 02+6 ++ :66+6 26+> 3:+0
Lhcnap|c :66+6 0+6 ++
@zpj|a~cjo Gpck`j :66+6 74+4
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4: T+ Ojc~l J ^`uc`w ae \~jl` V~`e`~`kd` Tdb`i`t ea~ |b` Wa~olt Vaa~`t| Dapk|~c`t
\jno` :6+ ^j|ca ae lp|s)e~`` |a |a|jo civa~|t ns vj~|k`~/ >666 "%#
C| ct tai`|ci`t lcedpo| |a n` v~`dct` jnap| |b`
ck|`~v~`|j|cak ae |b` lj|j+ G`ag~jvbs/ ~`)tap~d`
`klawi`k| jkl tbce|ckg vj||`~kt ae l`ijkl j~`
jiakg |b` ejd|a~t |bj| jee`d| |b` vj||`~k jkl
daivatc|cak ae |~jl`+
\b`~` wjt j wcl` tv~`jl ck |b` ~j|ca ae lp|s)e~``
civa~|t e~ai cklcuclpjo OLDt ck|a |b` t`o`d|`l
ij~m`|t ~`oj|cu` |a |a|jo |~jl` ock`t"\jno`t :6
jkl ::/ dau`~ckg >666 jkl >6:6#+ Au`~joo/ dau`~)
jg` ckd~`jt`l ck joo t`o`d|`l ij~m`|t `rd`v| |b`
@P/ wbcdb j tijoo l`dock` e~ai 33+7 v`~ d`k|
|a 35+4 v`~ d`k|+ L`u`oavckg dapk|~c`t ~`da~l`l
g~`j|`~ au`~joo ju`~jg` ckd~`jt`t/ e~ai 6+0 |a
35+3 v`~ d`k| ck Dbckj/ :5+7 |a 02+7 v`~ d`k| ckCklcj jkl >+> |a 73+2 v`~ d`k| ck Ma~`j+ Jgjck/
|b` lj|j ~``d|t t`u`~jo ejd|a~t/ ckdoplckg
dapk|~s jkl v~alpd| dau`~jg` ae |b` tdb`i`t
jkl vj||`~kt ae |~jl`+ Ea~ `rjivo`/ @jt| \cia~
ct ckdopl`l ck |b` lj|j ea~ >6:6 np| ka| ck >666+
Djkjlj Dbckj @p~av`jk
Pkcak
Cklcj Hjvjk Ma~`j/
^`v+
Pkc|`l
T|j|`t
Jegbjkct|jk 3 7>+> 6+6 2+>
N`kck 34+3 6+6 33+3 06+6 :66+6 6+6 33+5
Nbp|jk :66+6 ++ :66+6 6+: 50+3 :66+6 56+:
Np~mckj Ejta :66+6 ++ 32+3 6+6 33+0 6+6 37+7
Np~pklc :66+6 32+7 :66+6 ++ 33+0 ++ 33+3
Djinalcj >+6 6+6 :66+6 6+6 23+: 07+7 6+0
D`k|~jo Je~cdjk `v+ 33+0 6+6 :66+6 ++ :66+6 6+6 4>+:
Dbjl 70+> 6+6 :66+6 ++ :66+6 ++ :66+6
Daia~at :66+6 6+6 :66+6 ++ 34+5 ++ :66+6
Dakga/ L`i+ `v+ ++ >:+0 33+3 6+6 33+5 6+6 :66+6
Lhcnap|c :66+6 6+6 33+2 73+> :0+6 ++ :66+6
@zpj|a~cjo Gpck`j 6+6 6+6 :66+6 ++ ++ 6+6 :66+6
@~c|~`j ++ ++ 33+< ++ :66+6 6+6
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4>CD\TL V~a~j a Dav|c|ctt jl Loav|
\jno` :6+ Dak|ckp`l
Djkjlj Dbckj @p~av`jk
Pkcak
Cklcj Hjvjk Ma~`j/
^`v+
Pkc|`l
T|j|`t
Jegbjkct|jk :66+6 ::+6 >7+< ++ 35+0 +3 4+7
N`kck :66+6 05+< 37+< ++ :66+6 :66+6 32+>
Nbp|jk :66+6 :66+6 76+< :66+6 :66+6 4+> 33+7
Np~mckj Ejta :66+6 4+5 35+4 ++ :66+6
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44 T+ Ojc~l J ^`uc`w ae \~jl` V~`e`~`kd` Tdb`i`t ea~ |b` Wa~olt Vaa~`t| Dapk|~c`t
Djkjlj Dbckj @p~av`jk
Pkcak
Cklcj Hjvjk Ma~`j/
^`v+
Pkc|`l
T|j|`t
Oja VL^ :66+6 3>+< 33+< ++ 36+: 33+0 7+4
O`ta|ba :66+6 >:+> :66+6 ++ :66+6 3 :66+6Ocn`~cj :66+6 26+: 0:+6 ++ 2+< 3:+0 37+:
Ijljgjtdj~ :66+6 36+3 :66+6 >+6 33+3 50+6 33+7
Ijojwc 33+3 >+> 37+3 6+: :66+6 :66+6 >7+:
Ijoc :66+6 47+3 23+2 30+4 :66+6 6+> 37+>
Ijp~c|jkcj 33+3 :66+6 33+5 ++ :66+6 :+4 :66+6
Iaxjinczp` :66+6 32+6 :66+6 ++ :66+6 37+7 37+7
Isjkij~ :66+6 3>+: 5+2 ++ 37+6 06+6 6+6
K`vjo :66+6 27+: ++ 33+2 3>+5 >7+6
Kcg`~ :66+6 34+2 32+3 6+6 :66+6 20+0 :66+6
^wjklj :66+6 32+< :66+6 >+> :66+6 30+< 32+5+4 :4+< ++ 2:+0 74+2 24+0
Tja \ai` V~ckdcv` :66+6 5>+4 34+> ++ :66+6 36+< 25++0
Tc`~~j O`ak` :66+6 32+2 30+7 ++ :66+6 40+6 33+ ++ :66+6 33+2 :66+6
Taijocj :66+6 33+2 33+< ++ 06+: 32+5
Tpljk :66+6 33+5 3 45+0 :66+6 4+6 ++ :66+6 :66+6 :66+6
Pgjklj :66+6 70+: :66+6 :7+> 53+: 3>+5 33+0
Ujkpj|p :66+6 44+0 3:+< ++ 30+5 6+: 34+ :66+6 :66+6 33+0
OLD Ju`~jg` :66+6 35+3 35+4 02+7 32+3 73+2 7:+5
\jno` ::+ Dak|ckp`l
Tap~d`8 Lj|j `r|~jd|`l e~ai WC\T+
Ka|`8 Cklcj |j~cee s`j~ >663/ |~jl` s`j~ >662+ Ma~`j |j~cee s`j~ >6:6/ |~jl` s`j~ >663+ + + Civoc`t ka lp|s)e~`` ock`t+
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4
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40 T+ Ojc~l J ^`uc`w ae \~jl` V~`e`~`kd` Tdb`i`t ea~ |b` Wa~olt Vaa~`t| Dapk|~c`t
OLD n`k`dcj~s dapk|~c`t a~ Djkjlj+42 \b` ~po`t
jooaw ea~ dpipoj|cak jd~att OLD n`k`dcj~c`t+
Ck jllc|cak/ pv |a >6 v`~ d`k| ae |b` `r)ejd|a~s
v~cd` ae |b` gaalt e~ai GTV n`k`dcj~c`t/ a|b`~
|bjk OLDt/ ijs jota n` ck)dopl`l+ Baw`u`~/ jksvj~|t/ ij|`~cjot a~ ckvp|t pt`l ck |b` v~alpd|cak
ae |b` gaalt |bj| bju` `k|`~`l |b` daii`~d`
ae jks dapk|~s a|b`~ |bjk jk OLD n`k`dcj~s a~
Djkjlj oat` |b`c~ O`jt|)l`u`oav`l Dapk|~s \j~cee
"OLD\# t|j|pt+
Djkjljt ~po`t ae a~cgck ea~ |`r|co`t jkl doa|bckg
j~` ia~` daivo`r+ \b`s ckdopl` jddpipoj|cak
~po`t= |b` sj~k jkl |b~`jl ~po` "jooawckg |b`
v~ad`tt ae tvckkckg da||ak ck|a sj~k |a dake`~
a~cgckj|ckg t|j|pt# v~aucl`l |bj| ep~|b`~ v~ad`ttckg|jm`t vojd` ck jk OLD= ejn~cd ~po`t"jooawckg sj~k
e~ai j GTV dapk|~s |a n` v~ad`tt`l ck jk OLD#=
|wa lct|ckd| jvvj~`o ~po`t "jooawckg ejn~cd dp| ck
jk OLD a~ Djkjlj |a pt` sj~k v~alpd`l ck jk OLD/
j GTV dapk|~s a~ Djkjlj= a~ jooawckg ejn~cd e~ai
j GTV dapk|~s ptckg sj~kt e~ai jk OLD/ j GTV
dapk|~s a~ Djkjlj#= |b` a|b`~ ijl`)pv |`r|co`
j~|cdo`t ~po` "jooawckg a|b`~ ijl`)pv |`r|co`t
|a n` dp|/ mkc| |a tbjv` jkl t`wk a~ a|b`~wct`
jtt`ino`l ck jk OLD e~ai ejn~cd v~alpd`l ck jks
OLD a~ Djkjlj e~ai sj~kt a~cgckj|ckg ck jk OLD/ j
GTV dapk|~s a~ Djkjlj#= jkl |b` wbaoos v~alpd`l
~po` "dau`~ckg v~alpd|cak ae sj~k a~ |b~`jl jkl
ijkpejd|p~` ae j kjo gaalt ck jk OLD#+
Djkjlcjk ladpi`k|j|cak v~aucl`t `rjivo`t ae
|b` jvvocdj|cak ae `jdb ae |b`t` ~po`t+43 Baw`u`~/
jt jk `rjivo` ae |b` jddpipoj|cak ~po` ak` ae
|b` ia~` daivo`r jvvj~`o v~alpd|t v~alpd`l ck
jk OLD djk pt` |`r|co` ckvp|t e~ai jks l`u`oavckg
dapk|~s jkl t|coo n` jd)da~l`l lp|s)e~`` jdd`tt |a
Djkjlj+ Djkjlcjk ladpi`k|j|cak t|j|`t8Waao
ae S`i`k ct dainck`l wc|b tvjkl`r ae Bakg Makg
jkl t`wckg |b~`jl ae Cklcj |a ijkpejd|p~` waao
tadmt ck S`i`k+ Pkl`~ |bct tpnt`d|cak/ j |`r|co`
a~ jvvj~`o gaal ipt| dak|jck vj~|t jkl ij|`~cjot
ae OLD a~cgck |bj| ~`v~`t`k| ka o`tt |bjk
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45CD\TL V~a~j a Dav|c|ctt jl Loav|
ct ck|~alpd`l jooawckg |b` @P |a ~jvclos g~jk|
l`~agj|cakt ak c|t awk ckc|cj|cu` ta jt |a ~`tvakl
ia~` zpcdmos |a jks tv`dcjo tc|pj|cak wbcdb ijs
addp~/ tpdb jt j kj|p~jo lctjt|`~+
\b` @P bjt ijl` daktcl`~jno` `eea~|t |a aee`~
ep~|b`~ `rcncoc|c`t |a OLDt+ Ea~ |b` ~t| |ci`/
c| bjt ck|~alpd`l lcee`~`k|cj|cak ea~ |b` n`k`|
ae OLDt j| |b` o`u`o ae jvvocdjno` GTV ~po`t ae
a~cgck+ Ea~ `rjivo`/ ea~ iat| cklpt|~cjo v~alpd|t/
|b` |b~`tbaol ae ujop`l)jll`l ~`zpc~`l e~ai
OLDt ct akos 46 v`~ d`k| "jgjckt| 06 v`~ d`k|
ea~ kak)OLDt#+ Ea~ |`r|co`t jkl doa|bckg/ tckgo`
|~jktea~ij|cak bjt n``k g~jk|`l wc|bap| zpa|jt+
Ck a~l`~ |a n`k`| e~ai Cklcjt OLD v~`e`~`kd`t/civa~|t k``l |a i``| |b` ~`o`ujk| ~po`t ae
a~cgck+ Jvj~| e~ai gaalt wbaoos v~alpd`l a~
an|jck`l ck |b` `rva~|ckg OLD "`+g+ ~jw ij| ~cjo/
ick`~jot/ `|d+#/ ea~`cgk dak|`k| tbapol ka|
`rd``l 76 v`~ d`k| ae |b` ujop` jkl dbjkg` ck
|j~cee dojttcdj|cak+
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47 T+ Ojc~l J ^`uc`w ae \~jl` V~`e`~`kd` Tdb`i`t ea~ |b` Wa~olt Vaa~`t| Dapk|~c`t
ujop` ae ckvp|t+ \b` V~`tcl`k|cjo L`d~`` ae >666
l`td~cn`t baw |b` ujop` ae tpdb ckvp|t ct |a n`
djodpoj|`l+
\b` ijck ~po` ae a~cgck ck |b` Pkc|`l T|j|`t/
wbcdb jvvoc`t |a OLDt ck g`k`~jo/ ct |bj| |b` tpi
ae |b` dat| a~ ujop` ae ij|`~cjot v~alpd`l ck
|b` n`k`dcj~s dapk|~s vopt |b` lc~`d| dat|t ae
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42CD\TL V~a~j a Dav|c|ctt jl Loav|
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43 T+ Ojc~l J ^`uc`w ae \~jl` V~`e`~`kd` Tdb`i`t ea~ |b` Wa~olt Vaa~`t| Dapk|~c`t
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CD\TL V~a~j a Dav|c|ctt jl Loav|
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666j#/
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Djk LEZE Tdb`i`t ea~ OLDt n` Civ~au`l1
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