A SEMINAR REPORT ON MECHANICAL DESIGNING SOFTWARE/TOOLS

GANDHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

AND TECHNOLOGY, GUNUPUR( MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT )

SUBMITTED BY:MAHAMMAD NAWAB

ROLL NO.- 12ME041

REG. NO. - 1201210822

GIET,GUNUPUR

( MECHANICAL ENGINEERING )

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Here, I would like to extent my heartfelt obligation to the following person for their sincere help and co-operation during the seminar presentation without whose help this report would never have been completed.

Much credit and heartfelt thanks is owed to HOD (head of department) of my institution GIET, GUNUPUR for encouraging and allowing me to present the topic “MECHANICAL DESIGNING SOFTWARE/TOOLS” at the seminar held at our department premises for the fulfillment of requirements leading to the award of B-Tech degree.

I also want to thank our department of in charge Prof. Dr. Kali Charan Rath. I am extremely grateful and indebted to him for his expert, sincere and valuable guidance and encouragement extended to me.

Last but not the least I want to thank all my friends for giving me a helping hand whenever needed and for making the seminar a grand success.

MAHAMMAD NAWAB

Roll No-12ME041

Reg. No- 1201210822

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CONTENTS

1.ABSTRACT 2.INTRODUCTION 2.1.What is Design 2.2.TYPES OF DESIGN 2.3.What Is Designing Software/Tools3.WHAT ARE DESIGNING SOFTWARE/TOOLS4.AUTO-CAD (AUTOMATIC COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN ) 4.1.Uses CAD 4.2.CAD Technology5.CAM (COMPUTER-AIDED MANUFACTURING) 5.1.Typical Areas Of Concern 5.2.Machining Process6. CAM(COMPUTER-INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING) 6.1.Uses Of CIM7. CATIA (COMPUTER AIDED THREE-DIMENSIONAL INTERACTIVE APPLICATION) 7.1.Scope Of Application8. ANSYS(ANALYSIS OF SYSTEM) 8.1.Types Of ANSYS 8.2.ANSYS Application9. MATLAB(MATRIX LABORATORY) 9.1.Typical Uses Include10. PRO-ENGINEER

10.1.Uses Of PRO-E11. SOLIDWORKS 11.1.Modeling Method 11.2.File Format 11.3.SOLIDWORKS Application12. ADVANTAGES OF DESIGNING SOFTWARE/TOOLS13. DISADVANTAGES OF DESIGNING SOFTWARE/TOOLS14. CONCLUSION15. REFERENCES

1. ABSTRACT

The mechanical designing software/tools are place very important role in the field of design .The design sector has vast area of use in design of component, aerospace, infrastructure, industrial purpose. Computer-aided designing and drafting is the use of computer technology for design and design documentation. CAD software replaces manual drafting with an automated process.

If you work in the architecture, MEP, or structural engineering fields, you’ve probably used 2D or 3D CAD programs. These programs can help you explore design ideas, visualize concepts through photorealistic renderings, and simulate how a design will perform in the real world. AutoCAD software was the first CAD program, and it is still the most widely used CAD application

Here in this report we are going to know about the mechanical designing software and its advantages and how these softwares are helpful in manufacturing industry and quicker rate of production. However the cost of production may increases but we get more accurate product with less wastages.

The designing tools and production drafting, greatly reducing the time it takes to implement design changes and evaluate multiple scenarios. A change made in one place instantly updates an entire project, helping

you complete projects faster, smarter, and more accurately. All team members work from the same consistent, up-to-date model, so they stay synchronized throughout all project phases.

Computer Aided Design-CAD is defined the use of information technology (IT) in the Design process. A CAD system consists of IT hardware (H/W), specialised software (S/W) (depending on the particular area of application) and peripherals, which in certain applications are quite specialised. The core of a CAD system is the S/W, which makes use of graphics for product representation; databases for storing the product model and drives the peripherals for product presentation. Its use does not change the nature of the design process but as the name states it aids the product designer. The designer is the main actor in the process, in all phases from problem identification to the implementation phase

2 .INTRODUCTION

2.1.What Is Design?

Design is the human power to conceive, plan, and realize products that serve human beings in the accomplishment of any individual or collective purpose.

Usually considered in the context of applied arts , engineering, architecture, and other creative endeavors. Design is the creation of a plan or convention for the construction of an object or a system (as in architectural blueprints, engineering drawings, business processes, circuit diagrams and sewing patterns).[1] Design has different connotations in different fields (see design disciplines below). In some cases the direct construction of an object (as in pottery, engineering, management, cowboy coding and graphic design) is also considered to be design.

Designing often necessitates considering the aesthetic, functional, economic and sociopolitical dimensions of both the design object and design process. It may involve considerable research, thought, modeling, interactive adjustment, and re-design. Meanwhile, diverse kinds of objects may be designed, including clothing, graphical user interfaces, skyscrapers, corporate identities, business processes and even methods of designing.

Thus "design" may be a substantive referring to a categorical abstraction of a created thing or things (the design of something), or a verb for the process of creation, as is made clear by grammatical context.

2.2:Types Of Design:

Adaptive Design Development Design New Design

Adaptive Design:

In most cases, the designer’s work is concerned with adaptation of existing designs. This type of design needs no special knowledge or skill and can be attempted by designers or ordinary technical training. The designer only makes minor alternation or modification in the existing designs of the product

Example: the commonly used standard-model car is manufactured in different models to obtain high speed, style and various sizes. Similarly the different models of watches, clocks, televisions etc. In this adaptive design the initial product and final product are basically similar in their structures.

Development Design:

This type of design needs considerable scientific training and design ability in order to modify the existing designs into a new idea by adapting a new material or different method of manufacture.

Example: For example, by imposing I.C Engine principle to a cycle, motor cycle is invented. Similarly by combining the properties of some electronic goods, electronic watches are designed, then the motor cycles and electronic watches are developed designers. The final product in developed design may differ quite markedly from the initial product.

New Design:

The type of design needs lot of research, technical ability and creative thinking. Here, whatever be the product which has been designed in the first time is coming under new design.

Example: inventions of cycle, airplane etc. was all considered as new products (i.e. new designs) in their beginning period. Similarly, the invention of any new product in future may also be considered as new design.

2.3.What Is Designing Software/Tools:

Mechanical drafting is a specialist profession based on technical drafting and computer-aided drafting (CAD) that concentrates on blueprints of machines and machine components used by engineers. Mechanical drafting courses can help students develop basic drafting techniques, as well as knowledge of machine components and manufacturing processes. Read on to explore some courses in detail.

3. WHAT ARE THE DESIGNING SOFTWARE/TOOLS:

AUTO-CADCAMCIMCATIAANSYSMATLABPRO-E SOLIDWORKS etc.

4.AUTO-CAD (AUTOMATIC COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN ):

computer systems to aid in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design.CAD software is used to increase the

productivity of the designer, improve the quality of design, improve communications through documentation, and to create a database for manufacturing.CAD output is often in the form of electronic files for print, machining, or other manufacturing operations.

Computer-aided design is one of the many tools used by engineers and designers and is used in many ways depending on the profession of the user and the type of software in question.

CAD is one part of the whole Digital Product Development (DPD) activity within the Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) processes, and as such is used together with other tools, which are either integrated modules or stand-alone products, such as:

Computer-aided engineering (CAE) and Finite element analysis (FEA)

Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) including instructions to Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines

Photo realistic rendering and Motion Simulation. Document management and revision control using Product Data

Management (PDM).

4.1.Uses CAD:

Computer-aided design is used in many fields. Its use in designing electronic systems is known as electronic design automation, or EDA. In mechanical design it is known as mechanical design automation (MDA) or computer-aided design (CAD), which includes the process of creating a technical drawing with the use of computer software.

CAD software for mechanical design uses either vector-based graphics to depict the objects of traditional drafting, or may also produce raster graphics showing the overall appearance of designed objects. However, it involves more than just shapes. As in the manual drafting of technical and engineering drawings, the

output of CAD must convey information, such as materials, processes, dimensions, and tolerances, according to application-specific conventions.

CAD may be used to design curves and figures in two-dimensional (2D) space; or curves, surfaces, and solids in three-dimensional (3D) space.

CAD is an important industrial art extensively used in many applications, including automotive, shipbuilding, and aerospace industries, industrial and architectural design, prosthetics, and many more. CAD is also widely used to produce computer animation for special effects in movies, advertising and technical manuals, often called DCC digital content creation. The modern ubiquity and power of computers means that even perfume bottles and shampoo dispensers are designed using techniques unheard of by engineers of the 1960s. Because of its enormous economic importance, CAD has been a major driving force for research in computational geometry, computer graphics (both hardware and software), and discrete differential geometry.

CAD is also used for the accurate creation of photo simulations that are often required in the preparation of Environmental Impact Reports, in which computer aided designs of intended buildings are superimposed into photographs of existing environments to represent what that locale will be like, where the proposed facilities are allowed to be built. Potential blockage of view corridors and shadow studies are also frequently analyzed through the use of CAD.

4.2. CAD Technology:

Originally software for Computer-Aided Design systems was developed with computer languages such as Fortran, ALGOL but with the advancement of object oriented programming methods this has radically changed. Typical modern parametric feature based modeler and freeform surface systems are built around a number of key C modules with their own APIs. A CAD system can be seen as built up from the interaction of a graphical user interface (GUI) with NURBS geometry and/or boundary representation (B-rep) data via a geometric modeling kernel. A geometry constraint engine may also be employed to manage the associative relationships between geometry, such as wireframe geometry in a sketch or components in an assembly.

Unexpected capabilities of these associative relationships have led to a new form of prototyping called digital prototyping. In contrast to physical prototypes, which entail manufacturing time in the design.That said, CAD models can be generated by a computer after the physical prototype has been scanned using an industrial CT scanning machine. Depending on the nature of the business, digital or physical prototypes can be initially chosen according to specific needs.

Today, CAD systems exist for all the major platforms (Windows, Linux, UNIX and Mac OS X); some packages even support multiple platforms. Right now, no special hardware is required for most CAD software. However, some CAD systems can do graphically and computationally intensive tasks, so a modern graphics card, high speed (and possibly multiple) CPUs and large amounts of RAM may be recommended.

The human-machine interface is generally via a computer mouse but can also be via a pen and digitizing graphics tablet. Manipulation of the view of the model on the screen is also sometimes done with the use of a Spacemouse/SpaceBall. Some systems also support stereoscopic glasses for viewing the 3D model.Technologies which in the past were limited to larger installations or specialist applications have become available to a wide group of users.These include the CAVE or HMD`s and interactive devices like motion-sensing technology.

5.CAM ( COMPUTER-AIDED MANUFACTURING ):

Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of software to control machine tools and relate in the manufacturing of workpieces. This is not the only definition for CAM, but it is the most common;[1] CAM may also refer to the use of a computer to assist in all operations of a manufacturing plant, including planning,management, transportation and storage.

Its primary purpose is to create a faster production process and components and tooling with more precise dimensions and material consistency, which in some cases, uses only the required amount of raw material (thus minimizing waste), while simultaneously reducing energy consumption. CAM is now a system used in schools and lower educational purposes. CAM is a subsequent computer-aided process after computer-aided design (CAD) and sometimes computer-aided engineering (CAE), as the model generated in CAD and verified in CAE can be input into CAM software, which then controls the machine tool. CAM is used in many schools alongside Computer Aided Design (CAD) to create objects.

5.1.Typical Areas Of Concern:

High Speed Machining, including streamlining of tool paths Multi-function Machining 5 Axis Machining Feature recognition and machining Automation of Machining processes Ease of Use

5.2.Machining Process:

1.Roughing :

This process begins with raw stock, known as billet, and cuts it very roughly to shape of the final model. In milling, the result often gives the appearance of terraces, because the strategy has taken advantage of the ability to cut the model horizontally. Common strategies are zig-zag clearing, offset clearing, plunge roughing, rest-roughing.

2.Semi-finishing:

This process begins with a roughed part that unevenly approximates the model and cuts to within a fixed offset distance from the model. The semi-finishing pass must leave a small amount of material so the tool can cut accurately while finishing, but not so little that the tool and material deflect instead of sending. Common strategies are raster passes, waterline passes, constant step-over passes, pencil milling.

3.Finishing:

Finishing involves a slow pass across the material in very fine steps to produce the finished part. In finishing, the step between one pass and another is minimal. Feed rates are low and spindle speeds are raised to produce an accurate surface.

4.Contour milling:

In milling applications on hardware with five or more axes, a separate finishing process called contouring can be performed. Instead of stepping down in fine-grained increments to approximate a surface, the work piece is rotated to make the cutting surfaces of the tool tangent to the ideal part features. This produces an excellent surface finish with high dimensional accuracy.

6. CIM(Computer-integrated manufacturing):

It is the manufacturing approach of using computers to control the entire production process.This integration allows individual processes to exchange information with each other and initiate actions. Through the integration of computers, manufacturing can be faster and less error-prone, although the main advantage is the ability to create automated manufacturing processes. Typically CIM relies on closed-loop control processes, based on real-time input from sensors. It is also known as flexible design and manufacturing.

6.1.Uses Of CIM:

Computer-integrated manufacturing is used in automotive, aviation, space, and ship building industries.The term "computer-integrated manufacturing" is both a method of manufacturing and the name of a computer-automated system in which individual engineering, production, marketing, and support functions of a manufacturing enterprise are organized. In a CIM system functional areas such as design, analysis, planning, purchasing, cost accounting, inventory control, and distribution are linked through the computer with factory floor functions such as materials handling and management, providing direct control and monitoring of all the operations.

CIM is an example of the implementation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in manufacturing. CIM implies that there are at least two computers exchanging information, e.g. the controller of an arm robot and a micro-controller of a CNC machine.Some factors involved when considering a CIM implementation are the production volume, the experience of the company or personnel to make the integration, the level of the integration into the product itself and the integration of the production processes. CIM is most useful where a high level of ICT is used in the company or facility, such as CAD/CAM systems, the availability of process planning and its data.

7. CATIA ( computer aided three-dimensional interactive application):

CATIA enables the creation of 3D parts, from 3D sketches, sheetmetal, composites, molded, forged or tooling parts up to the definition of mechanical assemblies. The software provides advanced technologies for mechanical surfacing & BIW. It provides tools to complete product definition, including functional tolerances as well as kinematics definition. CATIA provides a wide range of applications for tooling design, for both generic tooling and mold & die.

CATIA offers a solution to shape design, styling, surfacing workflow and visualization to create, modify,[11] and validate complex innovative shapes from industrial design to Class-A surfacing with the ICEM surfacing technologies. CATIA supports multiple stages of product design whether started from scratch or from 2D sketches. CATIA v5 is able to read and produce STEP format files for reverse engineering and surface reuse.

7.1.Scope Of Application:

Commonly referred to as a 3D Product Lifecycle Management software suite, CATIA supports multiple stages of product development (CAx), including conceptualization, design (CAD), engineering (CAE) and manufacturing (CAM). CATIA facilitates collaborative engineering across disciplines around its 3DEXPERIENCE platform, including surfacing & shape design, electrical fluid & electronics systems design, mechanical engineering and systems engineering.

CATIA facilitates the design of electronic, electrical, and distributed systems such as fluid and HVAC systems, all the way to the production of documentation for manufacturing.

Product Structure Part Design

Assembly Design Sketcher Drafting (Interactive and Generative) Wireframe and Surface Freestyle Shaper Digital Shape Editor Knowledge ware Photo Studio 4D Navigator (including kinematics) Manufacturing Finite Element Analysis

8. ANSYS(ANALYSIS OF SYSTEM):

It is a general purpose software, used to simulate interactions of all disciplines of physics, structural, vibration, fluid dynamics, heat transfer and electromagnetic for engineers. So which enables to simulate tests or working conditions, enables to test in virtual environment before manufacturing prototypes of products.

Furthermore, determining and improving weak points, computing life and foreseeing probable problems are possible by 3D simulations in virtual environment.

ANSYS software with its modular structure as seen in the table below gives an opportunity for taking only needed features. ANSYS can work integrated with other used engineering software on desktop by adding CAD and FEA connection modules.

ANSYS can import CAD data and also enables to build a geometry with its "preprocessing" abilities. Similarly in the same preprocessor, finite element model (a.k.a. mesh) which is required for computation is generated. After defining loadings and carrying out analyses, results can be viewed as numerical and graphical.

ANSYS can carry out advanced engineering analyses quickly, safely and practically by its variety of contact algorithms, time based loading features and nonlinear material models.

ANSYS Workbench is a platform which integrate simulation technologies and parametric CAD systems with unique automation and performance.

The power of ANSYS Workbench comes from ANSYS solver algorithms with years of experience.Furthermore, the object of ANSYS Workbench is verification and improving of the product in virtual environment.

ANSYS Workbench, which is written for high level compatibility with especially PC, is more than an interface and anybody who has an ANSYS license can work with ANSYS Workbench. As same as ANSYS interface, capacities of ANSYS Workbench are limited due to possessed license.

8.1.Types Of ANSYS:

1.ANSYS Mechanical:

It is a finite element analysis tool for structural analysis, including linear, nonlinear and dynamic studies. This computer simulation product provides finite elements to model behavior, and supports material models and equation solvers for a wide range of mechanical design problems. ANSYS Mechanical also includes thermal analysis and coupled-physics capabilities involving acoustics, piezoelectric, thermal–structural and thermo-electric analysis.

2.Fluid Dynamics:

ANSYS Fluent, CFD, CFX, and related software are Computational Fluid Dynamics software tools used by engineers for design and

analysis.[7] These tools can simulate fluid flows in a virtual environment — for example, the fluid dynamics of ship hulls; gas turbine engines (including the compressors, combustion chamber, turbines and afterburners); aircraft aerodynamics; pumps, fans, HVAC systems, mixing vessels, hydrocyclones, vacuum cleaners, etc.

3.Electronics:

ANSYS HFSS is a Finite Element Analysis tool for simulating full-wave electromagnetic fields. HFSS incorporates finite element, integral equation, and hybrid methods to solve a wide range of microwave, RF and high-speed digital applications.

4.ANSYS Maxwell:

ANSYS Maxwell is a Finite Element Analysis tool for electromagnetic field simulation, primarily for engineers tasked with designing and analyzing electromagnetic and electromechanical devices, including motors, actuators, transformers, sensors and coils. ANSYS Maxwell incorporates finite element method solvers to solve static, frequency-domain, and time-varying electromagnetic and electric fields.

5.ANSYS SIwave:

ANSYS SIwave is a specialized design platform for power integrity, signal integrity and Electromagnetic interference (EMI) analysis of electronic packages and PCBs.

8.2. Ansys Application:

General-purpose finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics software.

Best known for its ANSYS Mechanical and ANSYS Multi physics products .

Including static/dynamic structural analysis (both linear and non-linear), heat transfer and fluid problems, as well as acoustic and electro-magnetic problems.

CFX computational fluid dynamics and Fluent for CFD. Electronic design automation (EDA) software for to simulate high-

performance electronics designs found in mobile communication and Internet devices, broadband networking components and systems, integrated circuits, printed circuit boards.

9. MATLAB(MATRIX LABORATORY):

It is a high-performance language for technical computing. It integrates computation, visualization, and programming in an easy-to-use environment where problems and solutions are expressed in familiar mathematical notation.

It is a multi-paradigm numerical computing environment and fourth-generation programming language. A proprietary programming language developed by MathWorks, MATLAB allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages, including C, C++, Java, Fortran and Python.

Although MATLAB is intended primarily for numerical computing, an optional toolbox uses the MuPAD symbolic engine, allowing access to symbolic computing abilities. An additional package, Simulink, adds graphical multi-domain simulation and model-based design for dynamic and embedded systems.

9.1.Typical Uses Include:

Math and computation Algorithm development Modeling, simulation, and prototyping Data analysis, exploration, and visualization Scientific and engineering graphics Application development, including Graphical User Interface

building

10. PRO-E:

It is called as pro-engineer which is a 3D CAD/CAM/CAE feature-based, associative solid modeling software. It is one of a suite of 10 collaborative applications that provide solid modeling, assembly modelling, 2D orthographic views, finite elemen analysis, direct and parametric modeling sub-divisional and NURBS surfacing, an NC and tooling functionality for mechanical designers. Creo Elements/Parametric compete directly with Solidworks, CATIA, and NX/Solid Edge. It was created by Parametric

Technology Corporation (PTC) and was the first of its kind to market. The application runs on Microsoft Windows. The UNIX version was discontinued after 4.0,except x86-64 UNIX on Solaris. The name changed to Creo 1.0 after Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 5.0 (rebranded PTC Creo Elements/Pro), took place on October 28, 2010, which coincided with PTC’s announcement of Creo, a new design software application suite. Creo Elements/Pro will be discontinued after version 2 in favor of the Creo design suite.

Creo Elements/Pro (formerly Pro/ENGINEER), PTC's parametric, integrated 3D CAD/CAM/CAE solution, is used by discrete manufacturers for mechanical engineering, design and manufacturing. Creo Elements/Pro is a parametric, feature-based modeling architecture incorporated into a single database philosophy with advanced rule-based design capabilities. It provides in-depth control of complex geometry, as exemplified by the trajpar parameter. The capabilities of the product can be split into the three main headings of Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing. This data is then documented in a standard 2D production drawing or the 3D drawing standard ASME Y14.41-2003.

10.1. Uses Of PRO-E:

ProE is a multi-programs software that can be used for design, analysis and manufacturing. In this portion of the course we will be dealing with the first capability of ProE which deals with the model creation and assembly of designs.

11. SOLIDWORKS:

It is a solid modeling computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided engineering (CAE) computer program that runs on Microsoft Windows. SolidWorks is published by Dassault Systèmes.

11.1. Modeling Method:

SolidWorks is a solid modeler, and utilizes a parametric feature-based approach to create models and assemblies. The software is written on Parasolid-kernel. Parameters refer to constraints whose values determine the shape or geometry of the model or assembly. Parameters can be either numeric parameters, such as line lengths or circle diameters, or geometric parameters, such as tangent, parallel, concentric, horizontal or vertical, etc. Numeric parameters can be associated with each other through the use of relations, which allows them to capture design intent.

Design intent is how the creator of the part wants it to respond to changes and updates. For example, you would want the hole at the top of a beverage can to stay at the top surface, regardless of the height or size of the can. SolidWorks allows the user to specify that the hole is a feature on the top surface, and will then honor their design intent no matter what height they later assign to the can. Features refer to the building blocks of the part. They are the shapes and operations that construct the part. Shape-based features typically begin with a 2D or

3D sketch of shapes such as bosses, holes, slots, etc. This shape is then extruded or cut to add or remove material from the part. Operation-based features are not sketch-based, and include features such as fillets, chamfers, shells, applying draft to the faces of a part, etc.

Building a model in SolidWorks usually starts with a 2D sketch (although 3D sketches are available for power users). The sketch consists of geometry such as points, lines, arcs, conics (except the hyperbola), and splines. Dimensions are added to the sketch to define the size and location of the geometry. Relations are used to define attributes such as tangency, parallelism, perpendicularity, and concentricity. The parametric nature of SolidWorks means that the dimensions and relations drive the geometry, not the other way around. The dimensions in the sketch can be controlled independently, or by relationships to other parameters inside or outside of the sketch.

In an assembly, the analog to sketch relations are mates. Just as sketch relations define conditions such as tangency, parallelism, and concentricity with respect to sketch geometry, assembly mates define equivalent relations with respect to the individual parts or components, allowing the eas construction of assemblies. SolidWorks also includes additional advanced mating features such as gear and cam follower mates, which allow modeled gear assemblies to accurately reproduce the rotational movement of an actual gear train. Finally, drawings can be created either from parts or assemblies. Views are automatically generated from the solid model, and notes, dimensions and tolerances can then be easily added to the drawing as needed. The drawing module includes most paper sizes and standards (ANSI, ISO, DIN, GOST, JIS, BSI and SAC).

11.2. File Format:

SolidWorks files (previous to version 2015) use the Microsoft Structured Storage file format. This means that there are various files embedded within each SLDDRW (drawing files), SLDPRT (part files), SLDASM (assembly files) file, including preview bitmaps and metadata sub-files. Various third-party tools (see COM Structured Storage) can be used to extract these sub-files, although th subfiles in many cases use proprietary binary file formats.

11.3. Solidworks Application:

SolidWorks is used by students, designers, engineers, and other professionals to produce simple and complex parts, assemblies, and drawings. assemblies, and drawings.

Designing in a modeling package such as SolidWorks is beneficial because it saves time, effort, and money that would otherwise be spent prototyping the design.

SolidWorks Components -PARTS Before we begin looking at the software, it is important to understand the different components that make up a SolidWorks model.

12. ADVANTAGES OF DESIGNING SOFTWARE/TOOLS:

1. Save time and money and reduce errors with the dynamic engineering model.

2. Reduce purchase, deployment, and support costs with one complete solution.

3. Increase value to client by delivering more design alternatives in less time.

4. Take full advantage of existing AutoCAD skills to get up to speed quickly.

5. Create production sheets faster.6. Be sure that production drafting is always in sync with your

design. 7. Complete projects faster and reduce the chance of coordination

errors using the Civil 3D project environment. 8. Exploit data compatibility. 9. Build a foundation for your custom solution. 10. Clearly communicate design intent and complete final

proposals with realistic 3D rendering.

Introduction of computer has resulted in a better and consistent quality product at reduced costs

CAD has enable creation of assemblies and parts in the computer, there analysis, optimization, stimulating the functionality, aesthetic requirements etc.

It has resulted lead time in the design office.

Easy referencing and material of earlier design, data and information.

Time for changing design and updating document is reduced considerably.

Designer is relived from routine work and is allowed more time for creative tasks.

Dependence on design subcontractors is reduced. Design personal can be used effectively for long term tasks like

creating standard database, preparing parametric designs etc. The data created at design stage can be used in manufacturing

database and other planning and machine control functions. NC programming time is reduced. NC programs can be developed precisely and conveniently due to

onscreen simulation of tool paths. CAD techniques provide the design engineer a new powerful tool

depending on degree of integration with other activities like design verification, finite element analysis, machines, mould flow analysis, solid and surface modelers, documentation, computer aided process planning, shop floor data collection, production control etc.

CAD/CAM has resulted improved productivity in design engineering and manufacturing, and productivity gain results in reduction of cost and cycle time, improvement in quality.

Computer aided inspection utilizes the design database to arrive at the qualitative analysis of the product.

13. DISADVANTAGES OF DESIGNING SOFTWARE/TOOLS:

There are two primary limitations to CAD CAM restorations. (Like Cerec and E4D)It is not yet possible to do multiple unit bridges and the

esthetics is limited. The esthetics has improved dramatically from the early days as the quality of materials has improved. Multi shade material blocks can duplicate dentin and enamel shades. Never the less, CAD CAM is not suited for highly esthetic situations.

It is possible to create a CAD CAM veneer, cut it back and add baked porcelain to create a superior esthetic result. However this requires a skilled technician working in a traditional porcelain studio with lots of time.

The primary limitation for most dentists is the cost. A single system is well over $100,000. That is a huge investment for the typical dentist. However it is possible to justify the investment based on lab savings and time saved with no second appointment. For dentists who are already doing a lot of indirect posterior onlays and crowns it is a natural fit. But it could be a stretch for offices that still do a lot of amalgams.

Application Complexity,Processing Power Limitations and Cost, The stored data maybe lost in cases of computer related errors. Incorrect results may be obtained if the designs are not examined properly.CAD software and hiring of CAD designer is expensive.For proper operation training is required.All the ideas may not be converted into designs due to lack of tools.Introduction of CAD to existing design teams may marginalize talented designers who are not computer savvy.

14. CONCLUSION

From this seminar report, we have got the idea of mechanical designing software/tools and its various types with their advantages and

disadvantages. The largest investment in CAD technology will come not in the initial purchase, but in the time invested after purchase. A successful CAD implementation will change the way a roof consultant works and prepare him or her for the future.

The mechanical designing software/tools in the future will be more easy to use and learn, and geared to enhance concept design and construction planning, will be functional and powerful enough to satisfy the needs of engineering design and integration of all disciplines, and corporate functions, sectors and levels. It will be more than 2D drawings and more than 3D models, it has to handle Object and Symbolic Data with same ease.

It will be a 4D (3D +time) modelling tool for better planning and scheduling. It will allow designers to exploit the best advantages of each CAD Technology 2D -> 3D -> 4D, to progressively refine the design until fully satisfying the customers' needs. It will be efficient to store, locate, visualize, and re-use data for integration of proven designs, and standard parts and equipment. It will enhance simultaneous (collaborative and concurrent) and distributed engineering eliminating all barriers that constrain communications. It will share one "data factory" that creates data needed by all disciplines.

15. REFERENCES:

http://auto.howstuffworks.com

http://www.solidworks.comwww.autodesk.com/civil3dhttp://www.google.com/www.autodesk.com/map3d www.seminarproject.com www.slideshare.comwww.faadooengineers.com/http://www.studymfia.org/ http://wikipedia.org etc. https://www.autocad360.com/http://www.practicalmachinist.com