86 / ENGINEERING JOURNAL / SECOND QUARTER / 2002

Aguardrail system is a building component located nearthe open side of an elevated surface for the purpose ofminimizing the possibility of a fall from the elevated sur-face by people, equipment, or material (ASCE, 2000). Atypical pedestrian guardrail is illustrated in Figure 1. Whilearchitects usually handle the specification of guardrail sys-tems for most buildings, the structural design of these sys-tems is generally within the area of expertise of the projectstructural engineer. Often, the project architect will onlyprovide general guidance on the configuration of theguardrails, leaving the actual structural design to the fabri-cator. This paper is based on years of experience gained bythe author as a consultant to several structural steel and mis-cellaneous metals fabricators designing guardrail systems.

Traditionally, when steel guardrail systems are specified;they have been designed using the AISC Allowable StressDesign Specification (AISC, 1989). Alternate, less fre-quently-used design specifications which are currentinclude other specifications from the American Institute ofSteel Construction (AISC), the American Iron and SteelInstitute (AISI), and the National Association of Architec-tural Metal Manufacturers (NAAMM). Although the moveto Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) (AISC,1994b) methods has been slow, this paper will compare thedesign of steel pipe guardrail systems using five differentdesign specifications, two of which are LRFD specifica-tions and three of which are ASD specifications. The designmethodology discussed here is equally applicable to bothpipe and hollow structural section (HSS) guardrail systems.

LOADS

Design live loads for guardrail systems are specified by thelocally adopted building code, however, most codes use liveload requirements similar to those specified by ASCE 7-98(ASCE, 2000). Those loads are a uniform load of 50 poundsper linear foot, and a concentrated load of 200 pounds.These loads are to be applied in any direction, but need not

A Technical Note:Comparison of Design Specifications for Design of Pipe and Round HSS Pedestrian Guardrail Systems

be applied simultaneously. For the typical guardrail systemshown in Figure 1, the critical direction of the load is hori-zontal. Most building codes require the guardrail to be 42in. high. A conservative design assumption made by manydesigners is to consider the load to be applied at a height of42.5 in., to take into account the fact that the guardrail maybe inadvertently installed slightly higher than intended.

DISTRIBUTION OF LOADS

The NAAMM (1995) manual provides the recommendeddistribution of loads for railing system posts and rails, forboth uniform and concentrated load cases. Design momentsin horizontal rails are based on considering the rail to beeither a simply supported beam (single span condition) or acontinuous beam. Design moments in the posts are based onconsidering the post to be a simple cantilever, fixed at thebase.

Rails under concentrated load:Single Span Rail: M = PL/4Two or More Spans: M = PL/5

Rails under uniform load:One or Two-Span Rail: M = wL2/8Three or More Spans: M = wL2/9.5

Post under concentrated load:All Conditions: M = DPh

Where D is a factor, which considers the distribution ofthe concentrated load to adjacent posts. NAAMM (1995)

THOMAS SPUTO

Thomas Sputo is a structural engineer, Sputo Engineering,Gainesville, FL. Fig. 1. Typical Guardrail.

ENGINEERING JOURNAL / SECOND QUARTER / 2002 / 87

This specification is a combined ASD/LRFD specifica-tion. For most limit states, the specification calculates onenominal strength, which is then either reduced by a factor ofsafety, , for ASD designs, or multiplied by a resistancefactor, , for LRFD designs.

The basic nominal strength, Mn, for circular hollow crosssections, is calculated as

Mn = 1.25FySf

For cross sections that are not fully effective, the sectionmodulus to be used is not the full cross section modulus.For most cross sections used in pedestrian guardrail sys-tems, however, the section is fully effective. The elastic sec-tion modulus is multiplied by 1.25 in recognition of therelatively high shape factor, similar to the NAAMM docu-ment. The resistance factor used by AISI for LRFD designsis 0.95.

1993 AISC-LRFD

This specification calculates the nominal strength of com-pact cross sections as

Mn = FyZ

Using the plastic section modulus, Z, recognizes the ulti-mate strength of the cross section. The resistance factorused by AISC for LRFD designs is 0.90.

LRFD LOAD FACTORS

Neither the AISC (1994b), nor the AISI (1996) specifica-tions, nor ASCE 7-98 (ASCE, 2000) specifically addressesthe proper load factor to use for loads on pedestrianguardrails. Currently, the most defensible practice is to usethe same load factor as for other live loads, 1.6. Somedesigners might consider using a lower load factor in con-sideration of the transient nature of the load. This is not considered to be a prudent option, considering the conse-quences of a guardrail failure in an assembly occupancy situation, such as a stadium. Lower load factors may, how-ever, be reasonable in some situations, such as some indus-trial occupancies. At this time, without more substantialguidance, this decision is best left up to the designer-of-record.

DESIGN EXAMPLE

The different designs generated by the five specificationsare best illustrated by a design example.

Determine the maximum post spacing for the followingguardrail system:

Posts and rails to be 1-in. nominal standard weightpipe (1-in. nominal schedule 40 pipe)

provides graphical solutions for many cases, but for mostpractical cases, D may be estimated as:

End Posts:2-span rail 0.853-span or greater 0.82

Intermediate Posts:2-span rail 0.653-span or greater 0.60

Posts under uniform load:End Posts: M = w(L/2)hIntermediate Posts: M = wLh

For additional information on calculation of designmoments in railing systems, and on calculation of load dis-tribution factors, the reader is referred to the NAAMMmanual (NAAMM, 1995).

DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS

Steel pedestrian guardrail systems can be designed usingone of five design specifications. Each specificationapproaches the calculation of the cross-section strength (orresistance) in a slightly different manner.

1989 AISC-ASD

This venerable specification uses an allowable stress of0.66Fy applied to the elastic section modulus, S, of the crosssection. The allowable stress is reduced if the cross sectionis not compact, but this is not the case for most cross sec-tions used for pedestrian guardrail systems.

1995 NAAMM

This design manual, published by the National Associationof Architectural Manufacturers, is applicable to hollow cir-cular cross sections used as guardrails. The manual uses anallowable stress of 0.72Fy applied to the elastic sectionmodulus, S (Sherman, 1985). The allowable stress isreduced if the cross section is not compact, but this is notthe case for most cross sections used for pedestrianguardrail systems. This higher allowable stress (comparedto the 1989 AISC-ASD) is based on the realization that hollow circular cross sections have a relatively high shapefactor (Z/S) of approximately 1.30, compared to approxi-mately 1.12 for wide-flange sections.

1996 AISI-ASD / AISI-LRFD

The American Iron and Steel Institute specification isintended for cold-formed steel structural members, but isalso applicable to any steel cross section whose thicknessfalls within the limits of this specification, which includesmost cross sections used as guardrail members.

88 / ENGINEERING JOURNAL / SECOND QUARTER / 2002

Rail system continuous over more than 3 spansA53, Grade B steel (Fy = 35,000 psi)Use section property values per AISC (1994a).S = 0.326 in.3

Z = 0.448 in.3

Allowable and reduced nominal moment capacitiesfor this cross section are listed in Table 1 for eachspecification.

1. Determine post spacing based on railing strengthConcentrated Load: M = PL/5 = 200L/5 = 40L in.-lbsUniform Load: M = wL2/9.5 = (50/12)L2/9.5 = 0.439L2

in.-lbs

A. 1989 AISC-ASDConcentrated Load: 7,531 in.-lbs = 40L Lmax = 188.3 in.*Uniform Load: 7,531 in.-lbs = 0.439L2

Lmax = 131.0 in.*

B. 1995 NAAMMConcentrated Load: 8,215 in.-lbs = 40L Lmax = 205.4 in.*Uniform Load: 8,215 in.-lbs = 0.439L2

Lmax = 136.8 in.*

C. 1996 AISI-ASDConcentrated Load: 8,541 in-lbs = 40L Lmax = 213.5 in.*Uniform Load: 8,541 = 0.439L2

Lmax = 139.5 in.*

D. 1993 AISC-LRFDConcentrated Load: 1.6 (40L) = 14,112 in.-lbs Lmax = 220.5 in.*Uniform Load: 1.6 (0.439L2) = 14,112 in.-lbs Lmax = 141.7 in.*

E. 1996 AISI-LRFDConcentrated Load: 1.6 (40L) = 13,549 in.-lbs Lmax = 211.7 in.*Uniform Load: 1.6 (0.439L2) = 13,549 in.-lbs Lmax = 138.9 in.*

2. Determine post spacing based on intermediate poststrength

Concentrated Load: M = D P h = 0.60 (200) (42.5)= 5,100 in.-lbsUniform Load: M = wLh = (50/12)L (42.5) =177.1L in.-lbs

A. 1989 AISC-ASDConcentrated Load:

5,100 in.-lbs < 7,531 in.-lbs OKUniform Load: 7,531 = 177.1L Lmax = 42.5 in.

B. 1995 NAAMMConcentrated Load: 5,100 in-lbs < 8,215 in.-lbs OKUniform Load: 8,215 = 177.1L Lmax = 46.4 in.

C. 1996 AISI-ASDConcentrated Load: 5,100 in-lbs < 8,541 in.-lbs OKUniform Load: 8,541 = 177.1L Lmax = 48.2 in.

D. 1997 AISC-LRFDConcentrated Load: 1.6 (5,100) = 8,160 in-lbs < 14,112 in.-lbs OK

Uniform Load: 1.6 (177.1L) = 14,112 in.-lbs Lmax = 49.8 in.

E. 1996 AISI-LRFDConcentrated Load: 1.6 (5,100) = 8,160 in.-lbs < 13,549 in.-lbs OKUniform Load: 1.6 (177.1L) = 13,549 in.-lbs Lmax = 47.8 in.

3. Determine post spacing based on end post strength.Concentrated Load: M = DPh = 0.82(200)(42.5) =6,970 in.-lbsUniform Load: M = w(L/2)h = (50/12) (L/2) (42.5) =88.6L in.-lbs

A. 1989 AISC-ASDConcentrated Load: 6,970 in-lbs < 7,531 in.-lbs OKUniform Load: 7,531 = 88.6L Lmax = 85.0 in.

B. 1995 NAAMMConcentrated Load: 6,970 in.-lbs < 8,215 in.-lbs OKUniform Load: 8,215 = 88.6L Lmax = 92.7 in.

C. 1996 AISI-ASDConcentrated Load: 6,970 in.-lbs < 8,541 in.-lbs OKUniform Load: 8,541 = 88.6L Lmax = 96.4 in.

D. 1997 AISC-LRFDConcentrated Load: 1.6 (6,970) = 11,152 in.-lbs < 14,112 in.-lbs OKUniform Load: 1.6 (88.6L) = 14,112 in.-lbs Lmax = 99.6 in.

*Per OSHA regulations, the upper limit on post spacing is96 in. (8 ft)

E. 1996 AISI-LRFDConcentrated Load: 1.6 (6,970) = 11,152 in.-lbs < 13,549 in.-lbs OKUniform Load: 1.6 (88.6L) = 13,549 in.-lbs Lmax = 95.6 in.

DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

The results of this design are fairly typical of most pedes-trian guardrails, that the post spacing is determined by thepost strength, most usually the interior post strength. Occa-sionally, a different cross-section (thinner walled or smallerdiameter) will be used for the rails, since the rail strengthusually does not control the design. There are a number ofvariations on guardrail design, including using internalstiffeners in the posts. These variations are adequately cov-ered in the NAAMM manual (NAAMM, 1995), and thereader is urged to refer to that manual for further informa-tion.

Referring to Table 2, it is apparent that the 1997 AISC-LRFD specification provides for the greatest allowable postspacing of 49.8 in. In this example, the allowable spacinggenerated by the AISC-LRFD specification is 17 percentgreater than a design generated by the AISC-ASD specifi-cation. This is a typical outcome, which allows for moreeconomical designs through using fewer posts. Addition-ally, this should be appealing to most architects, who in the

authors experience tend to want to push post spacing tounrealistically large spacings.

CONCLUSIONS

For most situations, the AISC-LRFD specification providesfor greater post spacings than any of the other design spec-ifications considered, creating designs which are more eco-nomical and perhaps more visually appealing.

APPENDIX: NOTATION

b = LRFD resistance factor for flexure= 0.90 (AISC-LRFD)= 0.95 (AISI-LRFD)

= LRFD load factor= 1.6 for live load

b = AISI-ASD factor of safety= 1.67 AISI-ASD

D = distribution factor for concentrated loads(NAAMM, 1995)

Fb = ASD allowable flexural stress, psifb = ASD computed bending stress, psih = height of applied load, in.L = rail span between centerlines of posts (inches)M = ASD design moment, in.-lbs

= service load moment, in.-lbsMn = nominal flexural strength, in.-lbs

ENGINEERING JOURNAL / SECOND QUARTER / 2002 / 89

Design Specification Moment Capacity1989 AISC-ASD Ma = 0.66FyS = 0.66(35,000)(0.326) = 7,531 in.-lbs1995 NAAMM Ma = 0.72FyS = 0.72(35,000)(0.326) = 8,215 in.-lbs

1996 AISI-ASD Ma = Mn/b = 1.25FySf /b = 1.25(35,000)(0.326)/1.67 = 8,541 in.-lbs1997 AISC-LRFD bMn = bFyZ = 0.9 (35,000) (0.448) = 14,112 in.-lbs1996 AISI-LRFD fb Mn = fb 1.25 Fy Sf = 0.95 (1.25) (35,000) (0.326) = 13,549 in.-lbs

Table 1. Allowable Moment Capacity and Reduced Nominal Resisting Moment Capacity

Table 2. Maximum Post Spacing (Based on Post Strength)

Design Specification Maximum Post Spacing (inches)1989 AISC-ASD 42.51995 NAAMM 46.4

1996 AISI-ASD 48.21997 AISC-LRFD 49.81996 AISI-LRFD 47.8

90 / ENGINEERING JOURNAL / SECOND QUARTER / 2002

Mu = LRFD required flexural strength, in.-lbs= M

P = concentrated load applied to top of rail, lbsS = elastic section modulus, in.3

Sf = elastic section modulus for full cross section, in.3

(AISI)w = uniform load applied to rail, lbs/ftZ = plastic section modulus, in.3

REFERENCES

American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. (AISC)(1989), Specification for Structural Steel Buildings,Allowable Stress Design and Plastic Design, AISC,Chicago, IL, June 1, 1989.

American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. (AISC)(1994a), Manual of Steel Construction - Load and Resis-tance Factor Design, 2nd ed., AISC, Chicago, IL.

American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. (AISC)(1994b), Load and Resistance Factor Design Specifica-tion for Structural Steel Buildings, AISC, Chicago, IL,December 1, 1993.

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) (1996), Specifica-tion for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel StructuralMembers, AISI, Washington, D.C.

American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) (2000), Min-imum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures,ASCE 7-98, New York, NY.

National Association of Architectural Metal Manufacturers(NAAMM) (1995), Pipe Railing Systems Manual,ANSI/NAAMM AMP 521-95.

Sherman, D. R. (1985), Bending Equations for CircularTubes, Proceedings of the 1985 Annual Technical Ses-sion, Structural Stability Research Council, pp. 251-262.

Welcome ScreenCopyright InformationEditorsTable of Contents19641st QuarterSteel Cable Creates Novel Structural Space SystemsZetlin, LevDiscussion

Effective Column Length-Tier BuildingsHiggins, T.R.

Lateral Support for Tier Building FramesGalambos, Theodore V.Discussion

Simplifications in the Solution of Column Interaction ProblemsHooper, IraRapp, Robert E.

End Plate Connections in Plastically Designed StructuresCoel, JosephLathrop, R.P.Onderdonk, A.B.

Folded Steel Plate Roof for a Suburban Branch BankShogren, V.E.

2nd QuarterFundamentals of Orthotropic Plate DesignAu, TungChang, Jerry C. L.

AISC Orthotropic Plate Design ManualMilek, W.A.

Wearing Surfaces for Orthotropic DecksGilligan, John A.

The Poplar Street BridgeShields, E.J.

Discussion: Steel Cable Creates Novel Structural Space SystemsGould, Phillip L.

3rd QuarterCurvilinear Grid FramesHutton, Charles R.

Stiffened Thin Shell DomesBuchert, Kenneth P.

The Steel Framed DomeOdom, Gerald SStevens, David E.

Research in Plastic Design of Multi-story FramesBeedle, Lynn S.Driscoll, George C., Jr.

Wind Connections with Simple FramingDisque, Robert O.

Castellated Beams - New DevelopmentsBoyer, J.P.

4th QuarterSteel is Changing the Los Angeles SkylineJohnston, Roy G.

On the Lateral Support of Inelastic ColumnsPincus, George

Tests of Steel Moment ConnectionsBeedle, Lynn S.Christopher, Richard

Space Frame StructuresNaslund, Kenneth C.

The Bridge Delta Girder: Single-Webbed and Double-WebbedHadley, Homer M.

Old Bridges Give Clues to Steel Deck PerformanceWolchuk, Roman

Discussion: Lateral Support for Tier Building FramesHooper, Ira

19651st QuarterBending Under Seated ConnectionsAbolitz, A. LeonWarner, Marvin

Effective Length of Columns in Gable FramesLu, Le-Wu

Live Load Deflections in a Prestressed Steel Beam BridgeWelden, Neil

Lessons from Crane RunwaysMueller, John E.DiscussionDiscussion

Strength of Three New Types of Composite BeamsToprac, A.A.

One Engineer's Opinion (Bolting and Composite)Milek, W.A.

2nd QuarterSplices in Plastically Designed Continuous StructuresHart, Willard H.Milek, W.A.

Failure of Simply-Supported Flat Roofs by Ponding of RainChinn, JamesDiscussion

Design Charts for Bolts with Combined Shear and TensionHagen, Hans WilliamPenkul, Richard C.

Column Stability under Elastic SupportHiggins, T.R.Discussion

Steel Column Bending Amplification FactorLiu, William Y.Discussion

Short Span Highway Bridges with Wide Stringer Spacing and a Two-way Reinforced Concrete DeckGrossman, Stanley

Discussion: Lessons from Crane RunwaysSaxe, Van Rensselaer P.

3rd QuarterShell Shapes Framed in SteelGeiger, David H.

Plastic Design of a Three-Story Steel FrameDe Buen, Oscar

Plastic Design of Multi-Story Buildings-A Progress ReportDriscoll, George C., Jr.Yura, Joseph A.

Method of Combining Mechanisms in Plastic AnalysisPincus, George

Considerations in the Design of Large-Size Welded Tubular Truss JointsBouwkamp, J.G.

Framing Connections for Square and Rectangular Structural TubingWhite, Richard N.

One Engineer's Opinion (Bending of Tees)Milek, W.A.

Discussion: Column Stability under Elastic SupportHiggins, T.R.Zweig, Alfred

Discussion: Failure of Simply-Supported Flat Roofs by Ponding of RainWalsh, Martin P., Jr.

Discussion: Lessons from Crane RunwaysMurray, J.J.

4th QuarterCost Studies of High Strength Bolted ConnectionsGraves, Frederick E.

Thermal Prestressing of Structural SteelWichman, Sven H.Discussion

Buckling of Framed DomesBuchert, Kenneth P.

Structural Lightweight Concrete for Composite DesignJenny, Daniel P.

Composite Beams of Steel and Lightweight ConcreteBenjamin, Irwin A.

Pushout Tests on Lightweight Composite SlabsChinn, James

Composite Design with Lightweight Aggregates on Building ProjectsLeabu, Victor F.

One Engineer's Opinion (Vibration)Milek, W.A.

Discussion: Steel Column Bending Amplification FactorScheiner, Alfred

19661st QuarterSteel Shell Roof StructuresNilson, Arthur H.

Analysis Of Framed Space StructuresBaer, Oliver A.

Measured and Computed Stresses in Three Castellated BeamsBaldwin, James W., Jr.Douty, R.T.

Torsion of Rolled Steel Sections in Building StructuresHotchkiss, John G.Discussion

Torsion in Closed SectionsSiev, Avinadav

2nd QuarterLehigh Conference on Plastic Design of Multi-Story Frames-A SummaryDriscoll, George C., Jr.

Column Stability in Type 2 ConstructionDe Falco, FredMarino, Frank J.Errata

Design of Bolts or Rivets Subject to Combined Shear and TensionZweig, AlfredErrataDiscussionErrata

Stresses and Displacements in Three-Dimensional TrussesGeer, ElihuKushman, Robert L.

Design Aids: Minimum Depth and Allowable Bending StressFroyton, GeorgeDiscussionErrata

One Engineer's Opinion (Lateral Support)Milek, W.A.

Discussion: Torsion of Rolled Steel Sections in Building StructuresBarnoff, Robert M.

Discussion: Thermal Prestressing of Structural SteelBurton, John C.Hotchkiss, John G.

3rd QuarterPonding of Two-Way Roof SystemsMarino, Frank J.DiscussionErrata

Analysis of Curved Steel Girder BridgesLavelle, Francis H.

Testing of a Model Curved Steel Girder BridgeClarke, C. Bernard

Small Scale Models for Steel FrameworksLitle, William A

Plastic Design of Eccentrically Loaded FastenersAbolitz, A. LeonDiscussion

Vibration of Steel Joist-Concrete Slab FloorsLenzen, Kenneth H.

Errata: Design of Bolts or Rivets Subject to Combined Shear and TensionZweig, Alfred

Errata: Column Stability in Type 2 ConstructionDe Falco, FredMarino, Frank J.

4th QuarterA Plastic Method For Unbraced Frame DesignDaniels, J. Hartley

High-Strength Steels for Plastic DesignAdams, Peter F.

The Dry Floor; A New Approach to High Rise Apartment BuildingsNewman, Joseph H.

Discussion: Design of Bolts or Rivets Subject to Combined Shear and TensionBertwell, W.Zweig, Alfred

Discussion: Design Aids: Minimum Depth and Allowable Bending StressMarrone, Adolph A.

19671st QuarterDesign of Braced Multi-Story Frames by the Plastic MethodLu, Le-Wu

Composite Action of Concrete Slab and Open Web Joist (Without the Use of Shear Connectors)Kaley, D.J.Wang, P.C.

High-Strength BoltingMunse, W.H.ErrataDiscussion

Allowable Loads on Beams without Lateral SupportMataya, JohnErrataDiscussion

Discussion: Ponding of Two-way Roof SystemsMarino, Frank J.Sawyer, Donald A.

Errata: Design Aids: Minimum Depth and Allowable Bending Stress. (Paper presented April, 1966)Groyton, GeorgeMarrone, Adolph A.

Errata: Ponding of Two-Way Roof SystemsMarino, Frank J.

Errata: Design of Bolts or Rivets Subject to Combined Shear and TensionZweig, Alfred

2nd QuarterDesign of Beam-ColumnsHooper, IraErrata

A Prestressed Steel Space FrameRogers, PaulDiscussion

Plastic Design of a 14-Story Apartment BuildingBennett, William A.

Conceptual Design of Double Steel Containment VesselsWang, Chen-HwaDiscussion

Discussion: Plastic Design of Eccentrically Loaded FastenersAbolitz, A. LeonFisher, John W.Kulak, Geoffrey L.

Errata: High-Strength BoltingMunse, W.H.

Errata: Allowable Loads on Beams without Lateral SupportMataya, John

3rd QuarterHyperboloid Space Frames for Tower StructuresLevinton, Zusse

Box Girder Bridge DesignKavanagh, Thomas C.

Horizontally Curved Steel Girders;Fabrication and DesignThatcher, W.M.

The Evolution of German Cable Stayed Bridges- An Overall SurveyFeige, Adolf

Simplified Procedure to Determine Maximum Beam DeflectionKoo, Benjamin

Discussion: High-Strength BoltingKulak, Geoffrey L.

Discussion: Allowable Loads on Beams without Lateral SupportMataya, John

Errata: Design of Beam-ColumnsHooper, Ira

4th QuarterPlastic Design by Moment BalancingGaylord, Edwin H.Discussion

Generalized Superposition Method in Plastic AnalysisPincus, George

The Severity of Fires in Steel-Frame BuildingsSeigel, L.G.Errata

Maximum A325 Bolt Loads at a GlanceStetina, Henry J.Errata

One Engineer's Opinion (Beam Splice)Marino, Frank J.

Discussion: A Prestressed Steel Space FrameRogers, PaulShah, Manu

19681st QuarterEconomic Study of a Braced Multi-Story Steel FrameGalambos, Theodore V.Williams, James B.

Analysis of Cables as Equivalent Two-Force MembersKudder, Robert J.Tung, David H.H.

An Investigation of the Effective Concrete Slab Width for Composite ConstructionGuthrie, LucianHagood, Thomas A.Hoadley, Peter G.

Automated Design of Space TrussesPatton, Fredrick W.Weaver, William, Jr.

Test on Diaphragm Behavior of Dry-Floor System with Steel-Edged Gypsum PlanksJeng Fang, Pen

Discussion: Conceptual Design of Double Steel Containment VesselsWahl, Howard W.Wang, Chen-Hwa

Errata: The Severity of Fires in Steel-Frame BuildingsSeigel, L.G.

Errata: Maximum A325 Bolt Loads at a GlanceStetina, Henry J.

2nd QuarterA Cost Evaluation of Space Trusses of Large SpanGeiger, David H.

Shear Strength of Thin Flange Composite SpecimensGoble, George G.

Amplification Factors for Beam-ColumnsKoo, Benjamin

The Use of Viscoelastic Material to Damp Vibration in Buildings and Large StructuresNelson, Frederick C.

Discussion: Plastic Design by Moment BalancingGaylord, Edwin H.Gurfinkel, German

3rd QuarterA Composite Action Duct-Beam SystemShah, Kirit N.Vergun, Dimitry K.

Rapid Selection of Beam-ColumnsRubinsky, Moe A.

Automated Analysis of Grid Beam SystemsElleby, Hotten A.

Deformation Analysis of Structures Near Collapse LoadLavingia, Kishor P.

4th QuarterAnalysis of Horizontally Curved BridgesGillespie, James W.

Are Tier Building Column Splices Designed?Stetina, Henry J.Discussion

Determining the Cost of Welded JointsDonnelly, J.A.

Design Curves for Plastic Design of Uniformly Loaded Steel BeamsHill, Louis A., Jr.Vanderplaats, Garret N.

Space Frame BucklingBuchert, Kenneth P.

Admissible Loads of Gable FramesCheng, Franklin Y.

19691st QuarterBridge Construction DetailsLally, AndrewMilek, W.A.Discussion

Proposed Working Stresses for Fillet Welds in Building ConstructionHiggins, T.R.Preece, F.R.

Design of Unstiffened GirdersAbolitz, A. Leon

Some Non-Conventional Cases of Column DesignDalal, Suresh T.

Discussion: Are Tier Building Column Splices Designed?Klayton, ThurstonStetina, Henry J.

2nd QuarterCorrelation of Discontinuities and Physical Properties in Steel WeldmentsCriscuolo, E.L.

Reliability Assurance in Navy's Welded Steel Shore StructuresAmirikian, Arsham

Assurance of Reliability in Fabricated Steel Structures Through Nondestructive TestingOlsson, D.A.

Use of Ultrasonic Testing in the Structural Steel IndustryWehrmeister, Allen E.

Reliability in Building Construction Through Nondestructive TestingGreenberg, Simon A.

3rd QuarterPush-up Steel ConstructionHansen, Robert J.

Exposed Steel Framing on High Rise BuildingsNassetta, Anthony F.

Bracing of Continuous ColumnsUrdal, Tor B.Errata

Analysis of Helicoidal GirdersAbdul-Baki, AssadBartel, Dean

Discussion: Bridge Construction DetailsVansant, G.F.

4th QuarterMoment-Rotation Characteristics of Shear ConnectionsKennedy, D.J.L.

Another Approach to Simplified Design of a Curved Steel GirderKetchek, Konstantin

Yield-Line Analysis and Design of GridsCannon, John P.

Steel Plate Analysis by Finite ElementsFirkins, Norman L.

A Modification to the Subassemblage Method of Designing Unbraced Multi-story FramesDe Buen, OscarErrata

Errata: Bracing of Continuous ColumnsUrdal, Tor B.

19701st QuarterHomogeneous and Hybrid Girder Design in the 1969 AISC SpecificationMilek, W.A.

Analysis of Curved Girder BridgesBednar, DavidBrogan, DarrylCulver, Charles

Preliminary Wind Analysis of Multistory BentsBen-Arroyo, Abraham

Composite Open-Web Steel JoistsGalambos, Theodore V.Tide, Raymond H.R.

Errata: A Modification to the Subassemblage Method of Designing Unbraced Multi-story Frames (pp. 142, 144, 145)De Buen, Oscar

2nd QuarterDesign of Steel Bearing PlatesFling, Russell S.Discussion

Straight-Element Grid Analysis of Horizontally Curved Beam SystemsWeissman, Herbert A.Errata

Preliminary Design of Curved BridgesHeins, Conrad P.Siminou, Javid

Calculator for Beam-column DesignTing, Ea-Lu

One Engineer's Opinion (Rectangular Section Beams)Milek, W.A.

3rd QuarterApproximate Torsional Analysis of Curved Box Girders by the M/R-MethodFountain, Richard S.Tung, David H.H.

Maximum A325 and A490 Bolt Loads at a GlanceStetina, Henry J.

Design of Composite Beams with Formed Metal DeckFisher, John W.Discussion

Minimum Cost Structures by Dynamic ProgrammingGoble, George G.Moses, Fred

Errata: Straight-Element Grid Analysis of Horizontally Curved Beam Systems (pp. 44, 45)Weissman, Herbert A.

4th QuarterTemperature Effects on Tall Steel Framed Buildings Part 1-Response of Steel Columns to Temperature ExposureMcLaughlin, E.R.

Temperature Effects on Tall Steel Framed Buildings Part 2-Structural AnalysisKar, Anil K.West, Harry H.

Temperature Effects on Tall Steel Framed Buildings Part 3-Design ConsiderationsKhan, Fazlur R.Nassetta, Anthony F.

One Engineer's Opinion (Multistory Bracing)Disque, Robert O.

Discussion: Design of Steel Bearing PlatesGogate, Anand B.Sling, Russell S.

19711st QuarterThe Behavior of A514 Steel Tension MembersKulak, Geoffrey L.Discussion

Painting Structural SteelKeane, John D.

Noncombustible Schools for OmahaAlsmeyer, William C.

Which Design Concept for Prestressed Steel?Amrhein, Francis GeneTochacek, Miloslav

Discussion: Design of Composite Beams with Formed Metal DeckFisher, John W.Winter, George

2nd QuarterThe Effective Length of Columns in Unbraced FramesYura, Joseph A.DiscussionDiscussionDiscussion

Automated Optimum Design of Unstiffened Girder Cross SectionsGoble, George G.Moses, Fred

Plastic Behavior of Eccentrically-Loaded ConnectionsShermer, Carl L.Discussion

Treatment of Eccentrically-loaded Connections in the AISC ManualHiggins, T.R.

Shear Strength of Stud Connectors in Lightweight and Normal-Weight ConcreteFisher, John W.Ollgaard, Jorgen G.Slutter, Roger G.DiscussionErrata

3rd QuarterCyclic Yield Reversal in Steel Building Connections (T.R. Higgins Award)Pinkney, R. BrucePopov, Egor P.

Adapting the AISC Specification to Computer-Aided DesignFenves, Steven J.Gaylord, Edwin H.Goel, Surendra K.

Lightweight Concrete-on-Steel Composite BeamsBaldwin, James W., Jr.McGarraugh, Jay B.

Classification of Steels for StructuresColumn Research Council

Discussion: The Effective Length of Columns in Unbraced FramesGogate, Anand B.

Discussion: The Behavior of A514 Steel Tension MembersMacadam, John N.

4th QuarterLoad Factor Design for Steel Highway BridgesHansell, W.C.Viest, Ivan M.

Applied Plastic Design of Unbraced Multistory FramesDisque, Robert O.Discussion

Simplified Plastic Analysis for Reinforced Web HolesRedwood, R.G.

Recommended Design Procedures for Beams with Web OpeningsBower, John E.

The Staggered Truss System-Structural ConsiderationsScalzi, John B.

Discussion: Plastic Behavior of Eccentrically-Loaded ConnectionsKulak, Geoffrey L.

19721st QuarterTables for Plastic Design of Beams with Rectangular HolesRedwood, R.G.

Vibration and Deflection of Steel BridgesWalker, William H.Wright, Richard N.Discussion

The Case for the Semi-Box GirderSchlenker, Norman E.Errata

Discussion: The Effective Length of Columns in Unbraced FramesAdams, Peter F.Johnston, Bruce G.Yura, Joseph A.Zweig, Alfred

2nd QuarterSimplified High-Rise Drift Analysis and Optimized AdjustmentFleischer, Walter H.

Buckling of Hyperbolic ParaboloidsBuchert, Kenneth P.Discussion

Experimental Study of a Schwedler Rigid Framed DomeBeaufait, FredBeavers, James E.

Torsional Properties of Composite GirdersHeins, Conrad P.Kuo, John T.C.

Discussion: Shear Strength of Stud Connectors in Lightweight and Normal-Weight ConcreteChinn, James

3rd QuarterA Stub-Girder System for High-Rise BuildingsColaco, Joseph P.

A Unified Approach to the Elastic Lateral Buckling of BeamsNethercot, D.A.Rockey, K.C.Discussion

Load Factor Design of Steel BuildingsGalambos, Theodore V.

Stiffness Coefficients of Beam-Columns with Non-Prismatic MembersEimer, N.Stack-Staikidis, W.J.

Discussion: Applied Plastic Design of Unbraced Multistory FramesWiesner, Kenneth B.

Errata: The Case for the Semi-Box GirderSchlenker, Norman E.

Errata: Shear Strength of Stud Connectors in Lightweight and Normal-Weight Concrete. (Paper presented April, 1971)Chinn, James

4th QuarterInvestigation of Triangular Heats Applied to Mild Steel PlatesNicholls, J.I.Weerth, D.E.

Direct Design of Columns Subjected to Combined LoadingCelenza, EugenePhang, Michael K.S.

Effective Length of Columns with Intermediate Axial LoadSandhu, Balbir S.

Calculation of Effective Lengths and Effective Slenderness Ratios of Stepped ColumnsAnderson, John P.Woodward, James H.

Discussion: The Effective Length of Columns in Unbraced FramesYura, Joseph A.

Discussion: Vibration and Deflection of Steel BridgesMurray, Thomas M.

Discussion: Buckling of Hyperbolic ParaboloidsKoo, Benjamin

19731st QuarterBolt Tension Control with a Direct Tension IndicatorFisher, John W.Oyeledun, Abayomi OStruik, John H.A.

Plastic Design of Biaxially Loaded Beam-ColumnsBaseheart, T.M.McDonough, J.F.Ringo, B.C.

Graphical Solution for Selection of Web Splice BoltsMehta, Narendra K.Powers, J.J.

Fast Check for PondingBurgett, Lewis B.

Plastic Design Applied to TrussesCroucher, Meredith W.Fisher, James M.

2nd QuarterInelastic K-factor for Column DesignDisque, Robert O.

A Prestressed Composite Girder for Short Span BridgesAnand, Subhash C.

Headed Steel Anchor under Combined LoadingFisher, John W.McMackin, Patrick J.Slutter, Roger G.

A Rapid Solution of Vierendeel FramesAbdul-Shafi, A.

Selection of a ""Trial"" Column SectionBurgett, Lewis B.

Discussion: A Unified Approach to the Elastic Lateral Buckling of BeamsChinn, JamesPiepenburg, Dwayne D.

3rd QuarterCommentary on Highly Restrained Welded ConnectionsAmerican Institute of Steel ConstructionDiscussion

Composite Floor System for Sears TowerIyengar, S.H.Zils, J.J.Errata

Fire Resistance of Protected Steel ColumnsLie, T.T.Stanzak, W.W.Discussion

4th QuarterRecent Developments in Steel Building DesignBeedle, Lynn S.Lu, Le-WuOzer, Erkan

Quality Control in Design and Supervision Can Eliminate Lamellar TearingThornton, Charles H.

Steel Box Girder BridgesLally, Andrew

Steel Column Base Plate DesignSandhu, Balbir S.Discussion

Discussion: Fire Resistance of Protected Steel ColumnsLie, T.T.Stanzak, W.W.Stetina, Henry J.

Errata: Composite Floor System for Sears TowerIyengar, S.H.Zils, J.J.

19741st QuarterCable-Stayed BridgesPodolny, Walter, Jr.

Yield Line Analysis of Column Webs with Welded Beam ConnectionsStockwell, Frank W., Jr.DiscussionDiscussion

Optimum Belt Truss Locations for High-Rise StructuresTaranath, B.S.Errata

Rapid Selection of W Columns (AASHO Method of Design)Mehta, Narendra K.

2nd QuarterComposite Action Without Shear ConnectorsBarnoff, Robert M.Mead, EdwinO'Neil, RichardWatson, James

Experimental Investigation of Lug Stresses and FailuresHackett, R.M.Tolbert, R.N.

Yield Line Analysis of a Web Connection in Direct TensionKapp, Richard

Light Gage Steel Infill Panels in Multistory Steel FramesMiller, Craig J.

Discussion: Steel Column Base Plate DesignSandhu, Balbir S.

Errata: Optimum Belt Truss Locations for High Rise StructuresTaranath, B.S.

3rd QuarterSimplified Seismic Drift Analysis of High-Rise Steel FramesFleischer, Walter H.

Simplified Approach to AISC Bending FormulasStockwell, Frank W., Jr.Errata

Dynamic Analysis of Multistory BuildingsSandhu, Balbir S.

Lateral Instability of Castellated BeamsChesson, Eugene, Jr.Pattanayak, Umesh C.

Discussion: Yield Line Analysis of Column Webs with Welded Beam ConnectionsKapp, Richard

4th QuarterErrata: Partial Tube Concept for Mid-Rise StructuresColaco, Joseph P.

Partial Tube Concept for Mid-Rise StructuresColaco, Joseph P.Errata

Innovative Approaches to the Erection of Tension Roof StructuresCuoco, Daniel A.Thornton, Charles H.

Approximate Analytical Model for Multistory FramesLeMessurier, William J.McNamara, Robert J.Scrivener, J.C.

Cable Connections in Stayed Girder BridgesPodolny, Walter, Jr.Discussion

Errata: Simplified Approach to AISC Bending FormulaStockwell, Frank W., Jr.

19751st QuarterApplication of AISC Design Provisions for Tapered MembersLee, G.C.Morrell, M.L.

Directional Moment Connections--A Proposed Design Method for Unbraced Steel FramesDisque, Robert O.Discussion

Panel Zone Effect on the Strength and Stiffness of Steel Rigid FramesBecker, Roy

Simplified Solution to Interaction EquationBabyak, R. CareyPhang, Michael K.S.

One Engineer's Opinion (Interaction Equations)Stockwell, Frank W., Jr.

Discussion: Commentary on Highly Restrained Welded ConnectionsJones, Norman B.Milek, W.A.

2nd QuarterStructural System; Standard Oil of Indiana Building (T.R. Higgins Award)Picardi, E. Alfred

Eccentrically Loaded Slip-Resistant ConnectionsKulak, Geoffrey L.

Seismic Drift Control CriteriaTeal, Edward J.Errata

Nomograph for Design of Channel Section BeamsMaitra, N.

Discussion: Cable Connections in Stayed Girder BridgesKavanagh, Thomas C.

3rd QuarterDesign of Columns Subject to Biaxial BendingSpringfield, John

Design to Prevent Floor VibrationsMurray, Thomas M.

Drift Reduction Factors for Belted High-Rise StructuresMcNabb, J.W.Muvdi, B.B.ErrataDiscussion

Preliminary Base Plate SelectionStockwell, Frank W., Jr.

Errata: Seismic Drift Control CriteriaTeal, Edward J.

4th QuarterSeismic Design Practice for Steel BuildingsTeal, Edward J.DiscussionErrata

Discussion: Yield Line Analysis of Column Webs with Welded Beam ConnectionsStockwell, Frank W., Jr.

Errata: Drift Reduction Factors for Belted High-Rise StructuresMcNabb, J.W.Muvdi, B.B.

19761st QuarterAISC Column Design Logic Makes Sense for Composite Columns, TooFurlong, Richard W.

Stiffness Design of Unbraced Steel FramesCheong-Siat-Moy, F.Errata

Tension-Field Design of Tapered WebsFalby, W.E.Lee, G.C.Errata

A Simplified Method for the Flexural Design of Stiffened Hybrid GirdersChong, Ken P.Errata

The Effective Length of Unbraced Single Story ColumnsMarx, ChristopherDiscussion

2nd QuarterModern Approaches to Solution of the Wind Problems of Long Span Bridges (T.R. Higgins)Scanlon, Robert H.

Structural Steel and Fire; More Realistic AnalysisLie, T.T.Stanzak, W.W.

Rapid Selection of Column Base PlatesBird, William R.ErrataDiscussionDiscussion

Design Example for Beams with Web OpeningsCooper, Peter B.Kussman, Richard L.ErrataDiscussion

Discussion: Seismic Design Practice for Steel BuildingsSEAOC Seismology CommitteeTeal, Edward J.

Discussion: Directional Moment Connections-A Proposed Design Method for Unbraced Steel FramesWiesner, Kenneth B.

Errata: Seismic Design Practice for Steel BuildingsTeal, Edward J.

Errata: Tension-Field Design of Tapered WebsFalby, W.E.Lee, G.C.

3rd QuarterThe New Guide to Stability Design Criteria for Metal StructuresJohnston, Bruce G.

In-Plane Fatigue Strength of Plates with Laminar DiscontinuitiesBrockenbrough, R.L.Owens, D.E.

A Simple Approach to Truss DeflectionsTsai, Wan-Tswan

Girder Stiffness Distribution for Unbraced ColumnsStockwell, Frank W., Jr.

On Inelastic Column BucklingSmith, C.V., Jr.Discussion

Errata: Design Example for Beams with Web OpeningsCooper, Peter B.Kussman, Richard L.

Errata: Stiffness Design of Unbraced Steel FramesCheong-Siat-Moy, F.

Errata: Rapid Selection of Column Base Plates

4th QuarterA Practical Method of Second Order Analysis Part 1; Pin Jointed SystemsLeMessurier, William J.Errata

Rapid Selection of Beam-Columns for Wind or Earthquake EffectsFiesenheiser, E.I.Ronan, J.G.

A New Design For Torsion Resistant Suspension BridgesSamelson, HaroldErrataDiscussion

Effective Length of Columns with Semi-Rigid ConnectionsDriscoll, George C., Jr.Errata

Discussion: The Effective Length of Unbraced Singal Story ColumnsGreen, Robert W.

Discussion: Design Example for Beams with Web OpeningsRedwood, R.G.

Discussion: Rapid Selection of Column Base PlatesDouty, R.T.

19771st QuarterFracture and Fatigue Control in Steel StructuresRolfe, S.T.

Capacity of Columns with Splice ImperfectionsPopov, Egor P.Stephen, Roy M.

Composite Beams with Formed Steel DeckFisher, John W.Grant, John A., Jr.Slutter, Roger G.

Errata: A Practical Method of Second Order Analysis (Part 1 - Pin Jointed Systems)LeMessurier, William J.

Errata: A New Design For Torsion Resistant Suspension BridgesSamelson, Harold

Disscussion: Drift Reduction Factors for Belted High-Rise StructuresMcNabb, J.W.Muvdi, B.B.

Disscussion: On Inelasic Column BucklingMatz, Charles A.

Disscussion: Rapid Selection of Column Base PlatesBird, William R.

2nd QuarterA Practical Method of Second Order Analysis Part 2; Rigid FramesLeMessurier, William J.

Multistory Rigid Frames with Composite Girders Under Gravity and Lateral ForcesSchaffhausen, Robert J.Wegmuller, Anton W.

Direct Feasible and Optimal Design of Laterally Unsupported Beams*Brandt, G. Donald

3rd QuarterFloor Vibrations and Cantilevered ConstructionHendrick, William E.Murray, Thomas M.

Yield Line Analysis of Bolted Hanging ConnectionsDranger, Thomas S.Discussion

Simplified Design for Torsional Loading of Rolled Steel MembersLin, Phillip H.DiscussionDiscussionErrata

A Rational Approach to Fire Engineering Design of Steel BuildingsMagnusson, Sven ErikPettersson, OveThor, Jorgen

Discussion: A New Design For Torsion Resistant Suspension BridgesBirdsall, BlairSamelson, Harold

Errata: Effective Length of Columns with Semi-Rigid ConnectionsDriscoll, George C., Jr.

4th QuarterFatigue Strength of Steel Members with Welded Details (T.R. Higgins Award)Fisher, John W.Yen, Ben T.

Mill Building Design ProcedureBakota, John F.DiscussionDiscussion

The Mysterious 1/3 Stress IncreaseEllifritt, Duane S.

History of Steel Beam DesignGalambos, Theodore V.

19781st QuarterAn Introduction to Load and Resistance Factor Design for Steel BuildingsHansell, W.C.Pinkham, C.W.

Proposed Criteria for Load and Resistance Factor DesignGalambos, Theodore V.Ravindra, M.K.Errata

LRFD Design Office StudyWiesner, Kenneth B.

Discussion: Simplified Design for Torsional Loading of Rolled Steel MembersLin, Phillip H.

Discussion: Yield Line Analysis of Bolted Hanging ConnectionsDranger, Thomas S.

2nd QuarterSeismic Drift Control and Building Periods (T.R. Higgins Award)Teal, Edward J.Discussion

A Fresh Look at Bolted End- Plate Behavior and DesignKrishnamurthy, N.ErrataDiscussion

Graphical Aid for Design of Base Plate Subjected to MomentMaitra, N.Errata

End Restraints on Steel Joist Floor VibrationsCarrle, GuntherWang, Leon Ru-Liang

Fire Safety Of External Building Elements--The Design ApproachLaw, MargaretErrata

Discussion: Mill Building Design ProcedureGogate, Anand B.

Discussion: Simplified Design for Torsional Loading of Rolled Steel Members (Lin)Lin, Phillip H.

Errata: Proposed Criteria for Load and Resistance Factor DesignGalambos, Theodore V.Ravindra, M.K.

3rd QuarterDesign of an Eccentrically Braced Steel FramePopov, Egor P.Roeder, Charles W.

Shear in Beam-Column Joints in Seismic Design of Steel FramesKrawinkler, Helmut

Discussion: Seismic Drift Control and Building PeriodsBerg, Glen V.

A Method for the Plastic Design of Unbraced Multistory FramesDe Buen, Oscar

The AISC Quality Certification ProgramPeshek, Charles, Jr.

Errata: Fire Safety of External Building Elements--The Design ApproachLaw, Margaret

4th QuarterBehavior of Bearing Critical Double-Angle Beam ConnectionsBirkemoe, Peter C.Gilmor, Michael I.

Fire Resistance of Structural SteelLie, T.T.

Box Girder Bridge Design; State of the ArtHeins, Conrad P.

Discussion: Mill Building Design ProcedureDiefenderfer, C.F.

Errata: A Fresh Look at Bolted End-Plate Behavior and DesignKrishnamurthy, N.

Errata: Graphical Aid for Design of Base Plate Subjected to MomentMaitra, N.

19791st QuarterPlastic Design Aids for Pinned-Base Gabled FramesBeskos, Dimitrios E.Manolis, George D.

Allowable Axial Stresses in Segmented ColumnsBarnes, D.W.Mangelsdorf, C.P.

Analysis of Vierendeel Frames for DeflectionsAbdul-Shafi, A.

Combined Shear and Tension on Grouted Base DetailsAdihardjo, RiantoSoltis, Lawrence A.

2nd QuarterAnalysis and Design of Framed Columns Under Minor Axis BendingKanchanalai, T.Lu, Le-WuDiscussion

Strength Design in Steel Using Programmable CalculatorsAnderson, James C.

Discussion: A Fresh Look at Bolted End-Plate Behavior and DesignAgerskov, HenningGriffiths, John D.Krishnamurthy, N.McGuire, WilliamRimmer, Norman W.Wooten, J.M.

3rd QuarterHuman Response to Wind-Induced Motion of Buildings (T.R. Higgins Award)Hansen, Robert J.Reed, John W.Vanmarcke, Erik H.

Prefabricated Press-Formed Steel T-Box Girder Bridge SystemGangaRao, H.V.S.Taly, Narendra

Optimum Design of Steel Pipe RacksArya, Suresh C.Feng, Edward G.Pincus, George

A Simple Formula for the Polar Second Moment of Area of a Regular Skew-Symmetric Bolt GroupBradfield, C.D.Irvine, H.M.

4th QuarterA Specification for the Design of Steel-Concrete Composite ColumnsStructural Stability Research Council, Task Group 20

Efficiency of Tubular Framing for Medium-Height BuildingsLeffler, Robert E.

Plastic Design of Steel Floor BeamsHawes, William H.Errata

Discussion: Analysis and Design of Framed Columns Under Minor Axis BendingNethercot, D.A.

Errata: A Simplified Method for the Flexural Design of Stiffened Hybrid GirdersChong, Ken P.

19801st QuarterMoment Resisting Connections for Mixed ConstructionHawkins, Neil M.Mitchell, DenisRoeder, Charles W.

Steel Supported Masonry WallsSoltis, Lawrence A.Tuan, Young-Bee

One Engineer's OpinionFisher, James M.

Elastic Buckling of a Column Under Varying Axial ForceShrivastava, Suresh C.

Anchor Bolt Design for Shear and TensionKharod, Umesh J.

2nd QuarterComputer-Aided Design of Stub-Girder SystemGotschall, John A.Wang, P.C.

Torsional Strength and Stiffness of Steel StructuresShermer, Carl L.

The Analysis and Design of Single Plate Framing ConnectionsGillett, Paul E.Kriegh, James D.Lewis, Brett A.Richard, Ralph M.

3rd QuarterSome Aspects of Stub-Girder Design (T.R. Higgins Award)Bjorhovde, ReidarZimmerman, T.J.

An Update on Eccentric Seismic BracingPopov, Egor P.

A Cautionary Note on Beam CopesMilek, W.A.

Fast Design of Beams with Cb Greater Than 1.0Burgett, Lewis B.Tide, Raymond H.R.

8th Edition Manual Errata

4th QuarterPlastic Design of Unbraced Multistory Steel Frames with Composite BeamsDe Buen, Oscar

Eccentrically Loaded Weld Groups; AISC Design TablesTide, Raymond H.R.Errata

Calculation of Effective Lengths of Stepped ColumnsAgrawal, Krishna M.Stafiej, Andrew P.Errata

Detailing to Achieve Practical Welded FabricationBlodgett, Omer W.

19811st QuarterAn Experimental Look at Bracket-Loaded WebsAinso, HeinoHoptay, Joseph M.Discussion

Generalized Design of Columns Subjected to Combined Axial Load and Bending MomentMonasa, FrankSnyder, John K.

Connections Between Steel Frames and Concrete WallsHawkins, Neil M.Roeder, Charles W.

Errata: Eccentrically Loaded Weld Group--AISC Design TablesTide, Raymond H.R.

Errata: Plastic Design of Steel Floor BeamsHawes, William H.

2nd QuarterPreliminary Analysis and Member Sizing of Tall Tubular Steel BuildingsEl Nimeiri, Mahjoub M.Tang, John W.Wong, Chow H.

Analysis and Design of a Web Connection in Direct TensionAnand, Subhash C.Bertz, Richard F.

A Graphical Method for Design of Cantilevered and Suspended Span BeamsMehta, Purushottam B.

Nomograph for Design of Power Plant and Industrial Precipitator ShellMaitra, N.

Stress Reduction Factor for Unsupported LengthsRoy, Ranjit

Acceptability Criterion for Occupant-Induced Floor VibrationsMurray, Thomas M.

3rd QuarterLoad and Resistance Factor Design (T.R. Higgins Award)Galambos, Theodore V.

Structural Details in Industrial BuildingsFisher, James M.DiscussionDiscussion

Stability of Metal Structures- A World View (Part 1)SSRC, ECCS, LRCJ,CMEADiscussion

Discussion: An Experimental Look at Bracket-Loaded WebsSears, Frank D.

Errata: Calculation of Effective Lengths of Stepped ColumnsAgrawal, Krishna M.Stafiej, Andrew P.

Book Review: Structural Design of Tall Steel Buildings, Vol. SBHaaijer, Geerhard

4th QuarterDesign Aids for Single-Plate Framing ConnectionsDisque, Robert O.Young, Ned W.Discussion

Eccentrically Braced Frame Construction--A Case HistoryLibby, James R.Discussion

Stability of Metal Structures- A World View (Part 2)SSRC, ECCS, LRCJ,CMEADiscussion

19821st QuarterPredesigned Bolted Framing Angle ConnectionsAmerican Institute of Steel Construction

Computing The Effective Plastic MomentCarskaddan, Phillip S.Grubb, Michael A.Haaijer, Geerhard

Suggestions for Avoiding Beam- to- Column Web Connection FailureBeedle, Lynn S.Driscoll, George C., Jr.

Plastic Behavior of Beams with Mid-Depth Web OpeningsAfifi Aglan, AhmedQaqish, Samih

Stability of Metal Structures--A World View (Part 3)SSRC, ECCS, LRCJ,CMEA

2nd QuarterDesign of W-Shapes for Combined Bending and TorsionJohnston, Bruce G.ErrataDiscussionDiscussionDiscussionErrataCorrection

Steel Members Subject to Axial Tension and Biaxial Bending MomentsHsu, C.T.T.

Errata: Simplified Design for Torsional Loading of Rolled Steel MembersLin, Phillip H.

Calculator Program for Determining Properties of Built-up or Composite MembersGossett, Stephen R.Discussion

Rapid Determination of Ultimate Strength of Eccentrically Loaded Bolt GroupsBrandt, G. DonaldDiscussionDiscussionDiscussion

Stability of Metal Structures- A World View (Part 4)SSRC, ECCS, LRCJ,CMEA

Discussion: Structural Details in Industrial BuildingsFisher, James M.Marx, Christopher

Discussion: Stability of Metal Structures--A World View (Part 2)Wolchuk, Roman

Discussion: Stability of Metal Structures--A World View (Part 1)Clark, J.W.

3rd QuarterSeismic Steel Framing Systems for Tall BuildingsPopov, Egor P.

A General Solution for Eccentric Loads on Weld GroupsBrandt, G. Donald

Lateral Wind Bracing Requirements for Steel Composite BridgesHeins, Conrad P.Hou, C.K.Kato, H.

Errata: Design of W-Shapes for Combined Bending and TorsionJohnston, Bruce G.

Effect of Hole-Making on the Strength of Double Lap JointsIwankiw, Nestor R.Schlafly, Thomas

Discussion: Design Aids for Single-Plate Framing ConnectionsGriffiths, John D.

4th QuarterTips for Avoiding Crane Runway ProblemsRicker, David T.

Allowable Stress for Bending MembersMaitra, N.Discussion

Design of Single Plate Framing Connections with A307 BoltsHormby, David E.Kriegh, James D.Richard, Ralph M.DiscussionDiscussion

Discussion: Calculator Program for Determining Properties of Built-Up or Composite MembersChesson, E., Jr.

Discussion: Rapid Determination of Ultimate Strength of Eccentrically Loaded Bolt GroupsMarsh, Cedric

Discussion: Design of W-Shapes for Combined Bending and TorsionSalmon, Charles G.

19831st QuarterCalculation of Wind Drift in Staggered-Truss BuildingsLeffler, Robert E.

End Restraint and Column Design Using LRFDChen, Wai-FahLui, E.M.Discussion

Considerations in the Design of Bolted Joints for Weathering SteelBrockenbrough, R.L.

Discussion: Rapid Determination of Ultimate Strength of Eccentrically Loaded Bolt GroupsBrandt, G. DonaldIwankiw, Nestor R.

2nd QuarterBuckling of One-Story FramesSchilling, Charles G.DiscussionClosure

Design of Headed Anchor BoltsHaninger, Edward R.Shipp, John G.Discussion

Steel Shear Walls for Existing BuildingsBaldelli, Joseph A., Jr.

Some Economic Considerations for Composite Floor BeamsLorenz, Robert F.

Discussion: Design of W-Shapes for Combined Bending and TorsionLin, Phillip H.

Discussion: Rapid Determination of Ultimate Strength of Eccentrically Loaded Bolt GroupsIwankiw, Nestor R.

3rd QuarterInteractive Computer Graphics in Steel Analysis/Design--A Progress ReportMcGuire, WilliamPesquera, Carlos I.

The Importance of Tension Chord BracingFisher, James M.Discussion

Economics of Low-Rise Steel-Framed StructuresRuddy, John L.

Discussion: Allowable Stress for Bending MembersParikh, Prabhakar

Discussion: Eccentrically Braced Frame Construction--A Case HistoryPopov, Egor P.

4th QuarterSteel Box Girder Bridges-Design Guides and MethodsHeins, Conrad P.

Design of Lightly Loaded Steel Column Base PlatesMurray, Thomas M.

Web Design Under Compressive Edge LoadsElgaaly, Mohamed

Lateral Stiffness of Core/Outrigger SystemsBoggs, P.C.Gasparini, D.A.

Analysis of Knee-Braced Portal Frames for Vertical LoadingSurtees, John O.Vilas, Howard K.

19841st QuarterEffect of End Restraint on Column Strength-Practical ApplicationsBjorhovde, ReidarDiscussionDiscussion

Vertically Curved Girder FlangesNair, R. ShankarErrata

Note on Beam-Column Moment Amplification FactorIwankiw, Nestor R.Discussion

Fast Check for Laterally Supported Beam CapacityOdeh, M. DavidDiscussion

End-Plate Moment Connections- Their Use and MisuseGriffiths, John D.Errata

Safe Load for Laterally Unsupported AnglesLay, M.G.Leigh, J.M.Thomas, B.F.

Structural System--Getty Plaza TowerWong, Charles

Engineering for Steel ConstructionDisque, Robert O.

Introduction to the Proposed AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design SpecificationEdinger, John A.

Discussion: Design of W-Shapes for Combined Bending and TorsionJohnston, Bruce G.

Errata: Design of W-Shapes for Combined Bending and TorsionJohnston, Bruce G.

2nd QuarterFinite Element Modeling of Girders with Large Web OpeningsBerak, E.G.Watwood, V.B.

Structural Engineering for the 80's and BeyondMcGuire, William

Errata: End-Plate Moment Connections: Their Use and MisuseUnknown Author

Economical Steel Plate Girder BridgesEconomical Steel Plate Girder BridgesKnight, Richard P.

Discussion: End Restraint and Column Design Using LRFDAbrahams, Michael J.Chen, Wai-FahLui, E.M.Tide, Raymond H.R.Yoganandan, Naryan

Simplified Approach to the Analysis and Design of Columns with ImperfectionsChen, Wai-FahLui, E.M.

Discussion: Design of Headed Anchor BoltsHaninger, Edward R.Sherman, William C.Shipp, John G.

Book Review: Detailing for Steel Construction (AISC)Stanczak, John S.

Design Aid for Deflection of Simple Beams Under Concentrated LoadsMazzarella, M. Max, Sr.

Discussion: The Importance of Tension Chord BracingFisher, James M.

3rd QuarterSingle-Plate Framing Connections with Grade-50 Steel and Composite ConstructionHormby, David E.Kriegh, James D.Richard, Ralph M.Errata

Bracing Connections for Heavy ConstructionThornton, William A.

Industrial Buildings-Guidelines and CriteriaFisher, James M.

A Composite Girder System for Joist Supported SlabsRongoe, James

Column Web Compression Strength at End-Plate ConnectionsHendrick, AlanMurray, Thomas M.

Discussion: Fast Check for Laterally Supported Beam CapacityFleischer, Walter H.Odeh, M. David

Bolted Shear Connections with Painted SurfacesFouad, Fouad H.Frank, Karl H.Yura, Joseph A.

Concrete Slab Stresses in Partial Composite Beams and GirdersLorenz, Robert F.Stockwell, Frank W., Jr.Errata

4th QuarterThe Application of Flexural Methods to Torsional Analysis of Thin-walled Open SectionsBoothby, Thomas E.Discussion

Direct Determination of Required Rigidities for Multiple-Bracing FramesWechsler, Marius B.

Discussion: Buckling of One-Story FramesCorrenti, Dan S.Springfield, JohnZweig, Alfred

Closure: Buckling of One-Story FramesSchilling, Charles G.

Discussion: Structural Details in Industrial BuildingsFisher, James M.

Adjusting the Beam-line Method for Positive-moment YieldingCarskaddan, Phillip S.Grubb, Michael A.Haaijer, Geerhard

Correction: Design of W-Shapes for Combined Bending and TorsionJohnston, Bruce G.

Discussion: Design of Single Plate Framing Connections with A307 BoltsBecker, Edward P.Richard, Ralph M.

Analysis of Knee-braced Portal Frames for Vertical Loading: Part 2-Columns of Unequal StiffnessSurtees, John O.Vilas, Howard K.

Nonlinear Analysis of Eccentric Bolted ConnectionsRutenberg, Avigdor

19851st QuarterDesign and Optimization of Plate Girders and Weld-fabricated Beams for Building ConstructionFleischer, Walter H.

Errata: Concrete Slab Stresses in Partial Composite Beams and GirdersLorenz, Robert F.Stockwell, Frank W., Jr.

Errata: Single-Plate Framing Connections with Grade-50 Steel and Composite ConstructionHormby, David E.Kriegh, James D.Richard, Ralph M.

Bracket Loaded Webs with Low Slenderness RatiosAinso, HeinoBatson, Gordon B.Hopper, Bruce E.

Automated Search for Optimal Standard SectionsGinsburg, S.Kaaz, G.

A General Solution for the Governing Bending EquationMoore, William E., IIDiscussion

Multiple Bolt Anchorages: Method for Determining the Effective Projected Area of Overlapping Stress ConesBurdette, Edwin G.Marsh, M. LeeErrata

Anchorage of Steel Building Components to ConcreteBurdette, Edwin G.Marsh, M. Lee

Bin Supports--A Caution to DesignersMoore, Jay P.Discussion

Discussion: Effect of End Restraint on Column Strength-Practical ApplicationsBjorhovde, ReidarChen, Wai-FahGerstle, Kurt H.Lui, E.M.

Discussion: Note on Beam-Column Moment Amplication FactorLu, Le-WuYura, Joseph A.

Discussion: Design of Single-Plate Framing Connections with A307 BoltsBecker, Edward P.Richard, Ralph M.

2nd QuarterDeflections of Stepped Beams and GirdersYamamoto, Y. Eugene

Procedure for a Design and Analysis of Hanger-type ConnectionsAstaneh-Asl, Abolhassan

Prying Action- A General TreatmentThornton, William A.

Discussion: Effect of End Restraint on Column Strength--Practical ApplicationsBjorhovde, Reidar

New Design Criteria for Gusset Plates in TensionBjorhovde, ReidarHardash, Steve G.

Errata: Vertically Curved Girder FlangesNair, R. Shankar

Book Review: Design of Steel Bins for Storage of Bulk Solids (Gaylord & Gaylord, Prentice-Hall, 1984)Iwankiw, Nestor R.

Approximate Stiffness and Bending Strength for Compact-Rolled SectionsLampitt, Edwin A.Discussion

Bolt Preload Measurements Using Ultrasonic MethodsNotch, James S.

3rd QuarterColumns with End Restraint and Bending in Load and Resistance Factor DesignChen, Wai-FahLui, E.M.Errata

Allowable Bending Stresses for Overhanging MonorailsTanner, N. Stephen

Effect of Burrs on Bolted Friction ConnectionsPolyzois, D.Yura, Joseph A.

Computer-Aided Analysis and Design of Steel FramesMehringer, VincentOrbison, James G.Pierson, GeorgeErrata

Testing Method to Determine Slip Coefficient for Coatings Used in Bolted JointsFrank, Karl H.Yura, Joseph A.

4th QuarterLRFD Analysis and Design of Beams with Partially Restrained ConnectionsGoverdhan, ArvindLindsey, Stanley D.Loannides, Socrates A.

A Unified Approach for Stability Bracing RequirementsFisher, James M.Lutz, Leroy A.

Effective Width Criteria for Composite BeamsBjorhovde, ReidarVallenilla, Cesar R.

Discussion: The Application of Flexural Methods to Torsional Analysis of Thin-walled Open SectionsBoothby, Thomas E.

A Design Aid for Connection Angle Welds Subjected to Combined Shear and Axial LoadsKane, ThomasLoomis, Kenneth M.Thornton, William A.

19861st QuarterStepped Columns: A Simplified Design MethodCastiglioni, Carlo A.

Cyclic Behavior of Large Beam-column AssembliesAmin, Navin R.Louie, Jason J.C.Popov, Egor P.Stephen, Roy M.

Tension Butt Joints with Bolts and Welds in CombinationBowman, Mark D.Jarosch, K.H.

Errata: Computer-aided Analysis and Design of Steel FramesMehringer, VincentOrbison, James G.Pierson, George

Discussion: A General Solution for the Governing Bending EquationBudeshtsky, Rudolf J.

Writing for Publication: The Engineer's ObligationFriedstein, Harriet

Effective Length Factor for the Design of X-bracing SystemsEl-Tayem, Adel A.Goel, Subhash C.

2nd QuarterThe Disposable Knee-bracing Technique in Steel FramesAristizabal-Ochoa, J. Dario

A Programmable Solution for Stepped Crane ColumnsMoore, William E., II

Some Design Considerations for Composite-frame StructuresGriffis, Lawrence G.

Effect of Overspray and Incomplete Masking of Faying Surfaces on the Slip Resistance of Bolted ConnectionsFrank, Karl H.Polyzois, D.

Discussion: Bin Supports--A Caution to DesignersMoore, Jay P.

Use of High-strength Steel for Simply Supported BeamsWechsler, Marius B.

Limit Analysis and Plastic Design of Grid SystemsVukov, Ante

Design Loads for Seated-beam in LRFDBrockenbrough, R.L.Garrett, J.H., Jr.

3rd QuarterPlastic Analysis of Pinned-base Haunched Gable FramesParsanejad, S.

The Use of Jumbo Shapes in Non-column ApplicationsAmerican Institute of Steel Construction

Design Solutions Utilizing the Staggered-steel Truss SystemCohen, Michael P.

Ponding of Concrete Deck FloorsRuddy, John L.

Discussion: Approximate Stiffness and Bending Strength for Compact-rolled SectionsLampitt, Edwin A.

Deformations in Cold-bent HSS MembersBrady, FrankKennedy, John B.Seddeik, Mokhtar

Combined Shear and Tension StressesGoel, Subhash C.

A Modified Tube Concept for Tall BuildingsNair, R. Shankar

4th QuarterEarthquake-resistant Design of Double-angle BracingsAstaneh-Asl, AbolhassanGoel, Subhash C.Hanson, Robert D.Errata

Viscoelastic Damping Devices Proving Effective in Tall BuildingsCaldwell, D.B.

Least Cost Computer-aided Design of Steel GirdersAnderson, Katherine E.Chong, Ken P.

Moments on Beam-Columns with Flexible Connections in Braced FramesBrown, Jack H.

Erecting the Staggered-truss System: A View from the FieldHassler, Arthur E.

A Beam Design Aid for Structural TubingSiddiqui, Faruq M.A.

19871st QuarterThe AASHTO Guide Specification for Alternate Load-factor Design Procedures for Steel Beam BridgesGrubb, Michael A.

Plate Girder Design Using LRFDZahn, Cynthia J.

Lateral Load Distribution in Multi-girder BridgesWalker, William H.Correction

Design of a Rolled Beam Bridge by New AASHTO Guide Specification for Compact Braced SectionsHolt, Robert C.Hourigan, Edward V.

Computer-aided Design of Horizontally Curved Girders by the V-load MethodPoellot, William N., Jr.

2nd QuarterBehavior of Semi-rigid Composite ConnectionsAmmerman, DouglasLeon, Roberto T.

Experience with Use of Heavy W Shapes in TensionFisher, John W.Pense, Alan W.

Errata: Earthquake-Resistant Design of Double-angle BracingUnknown Author

The Significance of Weld Continuities Regarding Plastic FailureGresnigt, A.M.

The Economies of LRFD in Composite Floor BeamsZahn, Mark C.

3rd QuarterJointless Bridge DecksWasserman, Edward P.

Mill Building Frame Analysis: Distribution of Lateral LoadsVilas, Howard K.Errata

Applications of Orthotropic Decks in Bridge RehabilitationWolchuk, Roman

Design of Diagonal Cross Bracings: Part 1 Theoretical StudyBeaulieu, D.Picard, A.Discussion

Material Considerations in Structural Steel DesignBarsom, J.M.Discussion

4th QuarterSimplified Frame Design of Type PR ConstructionAckroyd, Michael H.

Semi-rigid Composite Steel FramesAmmerman, DouglasLeon, Roberto T.Lin, JihshyaMcCauley, Robert D.

Composite Cable-stayed Bridges The Concept with the Competitive EdgeTaylor, Peter R.

Design for Eccentric and Inclined Loads on Bolt and Weld GroupsIwankiw, Nestor R.Discussion

19881st QuarterField Welding to Existing Steel StructuresRicker, David T.

A Conceptual Approach to Prevent Crack-related Failure of Steel BridgesMcNamara, Michael P.Verma, Krishna K.

Columns: From Theory to PracticeBjorhovde, Reidar

Understanding Composite Beam Design Methods Using LRFDLorenz, Robert F.

Flexural-torsional Buckling for Pairs of Angles Used as ColumnsBrandt, G. Donald

Code of Standard Practice For Steel Buildings and BridgesUnknown Author

2nd QuarterDesign of 8-bolt Stiffened Moment End PlatesKukreti, Anant R.Murray, Thomas M.Discussion

Discussion: Simplified Design of 8-Bolt Stiffened Moment End PlatesGriffiths, John D.Wooten, J.M.

Optimal Design of Cantilever-suspended GirdersGurfinkel, German

Errata: Columns with End Restraint and Bending in Load and Resistance Factor DesignChen, Wai-FahLui, E.M.

Design of Partially or Fully Composite Beams with Ribbed Metal Deck Using LRFD SpecificationsFoley, Christopher M.Vinnakota, Murthy R.Vinnakota, Sriramula

LRFD and the Structural Engineering CurriculumGeschwindner, Louis F.

3rd QuarterA Practical P-Delta Analysis Method for Type FR and PR FramesLui, E.M.DiscussionErrata

Connection Flexibility and Beam Design in Non-sway FramesDavison, J. BuickKirby, Patrick A.Nethercot, D.A.

Effect of Connector Spacing and Flexural-torsional Buckling on Double-angle Compressive StrengthHaaijer, GeerhardZahn, Cynthia J.

Parking Structure with a Post-tensioned DeckBakota, John F.

Errata: Mill Building Frame Analysis: Distribution of Lateral LoadsVilas, Howard K.

Discussion: Design for Eccentric and Inclined Loads on Bolts and Weld GroupsIwankiw, Nestor R.Traian, Miguel

4th QuarterPreliminary Minimum Weight Design of Moment Frames for Lateral LoadingGrigorian, MarkGrigorian, Carl

A New Approach to Floor Vibration AnalysisTolaymat, Raed A.

Secondary Stresses in TrussesNair, R. Shankar

Plastic Collapse Load of Continuous Composite Plate GirdersGalambos, Theodore V.Kubo, Masahiro

Design of Diagonal Cross-bracings Part 2: Experimental StudyBeaulieu, D.Picard, A.CorrectionDiscussion

Reinforcing Loaded Steel Compression MembersBrown, Jack H.

19891st QuarterServiceability Guidelines for Steel StructuresEllingwood, Bruce R.

Design of Tee Framing Shear ConnectionsAstaneh-Asl, AbolhassanNadar, Marwan N.

Design of Single Plate Shear ConnectionsAstaneh-Asl, AbolhassanCall, Steven M.McMullin, Kurt M.Discussion

The Reinforcement of Steel ColumnsTall, Lambert

2nd QuarterColumn Flange Strength at Moment End-Plate ConnectionsCurtis, Larry E.Murray, Thomas M.

Performance of Large Seismic Steel Moment Connections Under Cyclic LoadsPopov, Egor P.Tsai, K.C.Errata

Uniform Pin-based Crane Columns, Effective LengthsFraser, Donald J.

Eccentrically Braced Frames: U.S. PracticeEngelhardt, Michael D.Popov, Egor P.Ricles, James M.

3rd QuarterSome Practical Aspects of Column Base SelectionRicker, David T.

Correction: Lateral Load Distribution in Multi-girder BridgesWalker, William H.

Correction: Design of Diagonal Cross-bracings Part 2: Experimental StudyBeaulieu, D.Picard, A.

The Results of Experiments on Seated Beam ConnectionsDailey, Ronald H.Roeder, Charles W.

Variation of Lift Load Distribution Due to Sling Length ToleranceDuerr, DavidErrata

Survey of Existing Studies on the Strength and Deformation of Spherical Joints in Steel Space TrussesArciszewski, T.Olowokere, O.D.Uduma, K.

What Structural Engineers and Fabricators Need to Know About Weld MetalMiller, Duane K.

Selecting Laterally Unsupported Beams of Least WeightBrandt, G. Donald

Design Aid for Required Moment of Inertia of Simple BeamsEisenman, Mark L.

4th QuarterAutostress Design Using Compact Welded BeamsGrubb, Michael A.

On Beam-Column Moment Amplification FactorChen, Wai-FahDuan, LianSohal, Iqbal S.Discussion

Cambering Steel BeamsRicker, David T.

Flexural-Torsional Buckling and its Implications for Steel Compression Member DesignIwankiw, Nestor R.Zahn, Cynthia J.

Discussion: Design of Diagonal Cross-Bracings-Part 1: Theoretical Study; Part 2: Experimental StudyBeaulieu, D.Picard, A.Stoman, Sayed H.

19901st QuarterSemi-Rigid Composite Connections for Gravity LoadsAmmerman, DouglasLeon, Roberto T.

Unbraced Frames with Semi-Rigid Composite ConnectionsAmmerman, DouglasLeon, Roberto T.

Behavior and Design of Flexibly- Connected Building FramesAckroyd, Michael H.Gerstle, Kurt H.

Notes on Bracing DesignWyczolkowski, Adam

Approximate Plastic Modulus of Wide Flange Beam SectionsGilsanz, Ramon

Allowable Bending Stress of Steel PipesChakrabarti, S.K.

Discussion: A Practical P-Delta Analysis Method for Type FR and PR FramesCarskaddan, Phillip S.Lui, E.M.

Discussion: Material Considerations in Structural Steel DesignStecich, J.

Errata: Performance of Large Seismic Steel Moment Connections Under Cyclic LoadsPopov, Egor P.Tsai, K.C.

Errata: Variation of Lift Load Distribution Due to Sling Length ToleranceDuerr, David

Errata: A Practical P-Delta Analysis Method for Type FR and PR FramesLui, E.M.

2nd QuarterDesign of Connectors in Web-Flange Beam or Girder SplicesGreen, Deborah L.Kulak, Geoffrey L.

The In-Plane Stability of a Frame Containing Pin-Based Stepped ColumnsFraser, Donald J.

Practical Analysis of Semi- Rigid FramesBarakat, MunzerChen, Wai-Fah

Electronic Spreadsheet Tools for Semi- Rigid FramesAckroyd, Michael H.

LRFD Aid for Tubeshaped BeamsSiddiqui, Faruq M.A.Usman, Ali

Automated Second-Order Elastic Analysis for Steel Space FramesFolse, Michael D.Harris, Barton H.

3rd QuarterExperimental Study of Gusseted ConnectionsGross, John L.

Hardness Testing of Thermal Cut Edges of SteelWilson, Alexander D.

Inconsistencies in Column Base Plate Design in the New AISC ASD ManualAhmed, SalahuddinKreps, Robert R.

Design of Small Base Plates for Wide Flange ColumnsThornton, William A.

LRFD Beam Tables for Structural TubesSputo, Thomas

Short Span Pre-Stressed Steel BridgesDensford, Thomas A.Hendrick, Thomas L.Murray, Thomas M.

Discussion: Design of Single Plate Shear ConnectionsRichard, Ralph M.

Errata: Flexural-Torsional Buckling and its Implications for Steel Compression Member DesignIwankiw, Nestor R.Zahn, Cynthia J.

4th QuarterReinforcing Steel Members and the Effects of WeldingTide, Raymond H.R.

Behavior of a Two-Span Continuous Plate Girder Bridge Designed by the Alternate Load Factor MethodGrubb, Michael A.Moore, Mark

Proposed Revision of the Equivalent Axial Load Method for LRFD Steel and Composite Beam-Column DesignLeet, Kenneth M.Uang, Chia-MingWattar, Samer W.

A Method To Predict the Fire Resistance of Steel Building ColumnsAlmand, K.H.Lie, T.T.

Discussion: On Beam-Column Moment Amplification FactorDumonteil, Pierre

Design of Base Plates for Wide Flange Columns: A Concatenation of MethodsThornton, William A.

19911st QuarterFull-Scale Tests of Butt-Welded Splices in Heavy-Rolled Steel Sections Subjected to Primary Tensile StressesBruneau, MichelMahin, Stephen A.

Top-and-Seat-Angle Connections and End-Plate Connections: Snug vs. Fully Pretensioned BoltsChasten, Cameron P.Driscoll, George C., Jr.Fleischman, Robert B.Lu, Le-Wu

Designing Longitudinal Welds for Bridge MembersAlexander, Warren G.

Load Combinations for Buildings Exposed to FiresCorotis, Ross B.Ellingwood, Bruce R.

Redundancy in Highway BridgesFrangopol, Dan M.Nakib, Rachid

2nd QuarterDesign Analysis of Semi-Rigid Frames: Evaluation and ImplementationBarakat, MunzerChen, Wai-Fah

Tables for Equal Single Angles in CompressionWalker, Wayne W.

1989 AISC Specification (Ninth Edition) Allowable Bending Stress Design AidHulshizer, Allen J.

A Simplified Look at Partially Restrained BeamsGeschwindner, Louis F.

Design Strength of Schifflerized Angle StrutsAdluri, Seshu Madhava RaoMadugula, Murty K.S.

3rd QuarterBeam Design in PR Braced Steel FramesZandonini, RiccardoZanon, Paolo

Buckling of Prestressed Steel GirdersBradford, Mark A.

Building Floor VibrationsMurray, Thomas M.Errata

Reuse of A325 and A490 High-Strength BoltsBetancourt, MiguelBowman, Mark D.

U.S. Seismic Steel CodesPopov, Egor P.

Stiffness Reduction Factor for LRFD of ColumnsHarichandran, Ronald S.

Editor's Note: 1989 AISC Specification (Ninth Edition) Allowable Bending Stress Design Aid (paper by Allen J. Hulshizer)Unknown Author

4th QuarterApplication of Second-Order Elastic Analysis in LRFD: Research to PracticeHajjar, Jerome F.White, Donald W.

Design and Construction of Lifting BeamsRicker, David T.Errata

An Analytical Criterion for Buckling Strength of Built-up Compression MembersAslani, FarhangGoel, Subhash C.

Unified Autostress MethodSchilling, Charles G.

Errata:: Building Floor VibrationsMurray, Thomas M.

19921st QuarterA Method for Incorporating Live Load Reduction Provisions in Frame AnalysisMcGuire, WilliamZiemian, Ronald D.

High-Strength Bolts for BridgesBeckmann, Fred R.Verma, Krishna K.

Reliability of Rotational Behavior of Framing ConnectionsGerstle, Kurt H.Rauscher, Thomas R.

The Significance and Application of Cb in Beam DesignZuraski, Patrick D.

An Equivalent Radius of Gyration Approach to Flexural-Torsional Buckling for Singly Symmetric SectionsBakos, Jack D.O'Leary, James A.

Forces on Bracing SystemsNair, R. Shankar

2nd QuarterNon-Slender Single Angle StrutsDagher, H.Davids, W.Elgaaly, Mohamed

Eccentrically Loaded Steel Single Angle StrutsAdluri, Seshu Madhava RaoMadugula, Murty K.S.

Flexural Strength of WT SectionsEllifritt, Duane S.Samuel, SantoshSputo, ThomasWine, Gregory

An Experimental Study of Block Shear Failure of Angles in TensionEpstein, Howard I.Errata

3rd QuarterDistortion-Induced Cracking During TransitRoddis, W.M. Kim

Load and Resistance Factor Design of Welded Box Section TrussesHenderson, J.E.Packer, Jeffrey A.Wardenier, Jaap

Analytical Criteria for Stitch Strength of Built-Up Compression MembersAslani, FarhangGoel, Subhash C.

Simple Equations for Effective Length FactorsDumonteil, PierreDiscussionCorrection

Application of Tuned Mass Dampers To Control Vibrations of Composite Floor SystemsVaicaitis, RimasWebster, Anthony C.

4th QuarterFast Check for Block ShearBurgett, Lewis B.Correction

Structural Details To Increase Ductility of ConnectionsBlodgett, Omer W.

Design Aid-Anchor Bolt Interaction of Shear and Tension LoadsScacco, Mario N.

Design Chart for Vibration of Office and Residential FloorsHatfield, Frank J.

Strength and Serviceability of Hanger ConnectionsThornton, William A.Correction

A Novel Approach for K Factor DeterminationLui, E.M.

Computers and Steel DesignMcGuire, William

19931st QuarterServiceability Limit States Under Wind LoadGriffis, Lawrence G.

Design Strength of Concentrically Loaded Single Angle StrutsZureick, A.

The Warping Constant for the W-Section with a Channel CapEllifritt, Duane S.Lue, Tony

The Economic Impact of Overspecifying Simple ConnectionsCarter, Charles J.Geschwindner, Louis F.

Discussion: Simple Equations for Effective Length FactorsMoore, William E., II

Correction: Simple Equations for Effective Length FactorsDumonteil, Pierre

Correction: Fast Check for Block ShearBurgett, Lewis B.

2nd QuarterDesign of Pipe Column Base Plates Under Gravity LoadSputo, ThomasDiscussionDiscussionCorrection

Strength of Shear Studs in Steel Deck on Composite Beams and JoistsEasterling, W. SamuelGibbings, David R.Murray, Thomas M.

Earthquakes: Steel Structures Performance and Design Code DevelopmentsMarsh, James W.

SI Units for Structural Steel DesignAmerican Institute of Steel Construction

Composite Girders with Partial Restraints: A New ApproachWexler, Neil

3rd QuarterShear Lag Effects in Steel Tension MembersEasterling, W. SamuelGonzalez Giroux, Lisa

Design Aid of Semi-rigid Connections for Frame AnalysisChen, Wai-FahGoto, Y.Kishi, N.Matsuoka, K.G.

A Tentative Design Guideline for a New Steel Beam Connection Detail to Composite Tube ColumnsAzizinamini, AtorodPrakash, Bangalore

4th QuarterDesign Criterion for Vibrations Due to WalkingAllen, D.E.Murray, Thomas M.

LRFD Analysis for Semi-Rigid Frame DesignChen, Wai-FahKing, Won Sun

Design of I-Beam to Box-Column Connections Stiffened ExternallyLee, Seng-LipShanmugam, Nandivaram E.Ting, Lia-ChoonDiscussion

Discussion: Design of Pipe Column Base Plates Under Gravity LoadIwankiw, Nestor R.Sputo, Thomas

Errata: ASD/LRFD Volume II- Connections Shear Tab Design TablesUnknown Author

19941st QuarterRemoval of Yield Stress Limitation for Composite Tubular ColumnsBjorhovde, ReidarBruce, Donald A.Kenny, John R.

Column Base Plate Design TableChhabra, Surendra J.

Ductility of Non-Compact Steel Bridge BeamsTabsh, Sami W.

Frame Response Considering Plastic Panel HingesFielding, David J.

2nd QuarterLocal Buckling Rules for Rotation CapacityDaali, M.L.Korol, R.M.

Optimal Design of Steel Frames to Enhance Overall StabilityHjelmstad, K.D.Pezeshk, S.

Composite Semi-Rigid ConstructionLeon, Roberto T.

Geometric Properties of Hot-Rolled Steel Angles Including the Effects of Toe Radii and FilletMadhava Rao Adluri, SeshuMadugula, Murty K.S.

3rd QuarterThe Accuracy of Column Stability Calculations in Unbraced Frames and the Influence of Columns with Effective Length Factors Less Than OneHajjar, Jerome F.White, Donald W.

Examination of Fillet Weld StrengthBowman, Mark D.Quinn, Brian P.

Discussion: Design of Pipe Column Base Plates Under Gravity LoadValley, Michael

Correction: Discussion of Design of Column Base Plates Under Gravity LoadIwankiw, Nestor R.Sputo, Thomas

Discussion: Design of I-Beam to Box-Column Connections Stiffened ExternallyIwankiw, Nestor R.

Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Semi-Rigid Top-and-Seat Angle ConnectionsChen, Stuart S.Mander, John B.Pekcan, Gokhan

4th QuarterPractical Approaches in Mill Building Columns Subjected to Heavy Crane LoadsBendapudi, Kasi V.

A Practical Approach to the ""Leaning"" ColumnGeschwindner, Louis F.Correction

Geometrical and Mechanical Properties of Large Rolled Steel AnglesKajita, YasuyukiKojima, ToshifumiMadugula, Murty K.S.Ohama, Michihiro

19951st QuarterAn Assessment of K Factor FormulasChen, Wai-FahShanmugam, Nandivaram E.

Steel Frame Stability DesignVisser, Mike

Effects of Connection Stiffness and Plasticity on the Service Load Behavior of Unbraced Steel FramesBhatti, M. AsgharHingtgen, James E.

Inelastic Design of Steel Girder BridgesBarker, Michael G.

2nd QuarterBuckling of Webs in Unsymmetric Plate GirdersFrank, Karl H.Helwig, Todd A.

Low-Cycle Variable Amplitude Fatigue Modeling of Top-and-Seat Angle ConnectionsChen, Stuart S.Mander, John B.Pekcan, Gokhan

A Practical Approach to the ""Leaning"" ColumnGeschwindner, Louis F.

Effective Width of Composite L-Beams in BuildingsBrosnan, David P.Uang, Chia-Ming

3rd QuarterPrestressed Steel Girders for Single Span BridgesSnyder, Russell D.Discussion

Optimal Cost Design of Semi-Rigid, Low-Rise Industrial FramesGrierson, Donald E.Sherbourne, Archie N.Xu, Lei

Effective Lengths of Uniform and Stepped Crane ColumnsLui, E.M.Sun, Manqing

Influence of Cross Frames on Load Resisting Capacity of Steel Girder BridgesAzizinamini, AtorodBeacham, Michael W.Kathol, Steve

Block Shear Tests in High-Strength Steel AnglesGross, Jeremy M.Orbison, James G.Ziemian, Ronald D.

4th QuarterSteel Rigid Frames With Leaning Columns-1993 LRFD ExampleFolse, Michael D.Nowak, Paul S.Correction

Connections: Art, Science, and Information in the Quest for Economy and SafetyThornton, William A.

Partially Restrained Composite Beam-To-Girder ConnectionsEasterling, W. SamuelRex, Clinton O.

Correction: A Practical Approach to the "Leaning" ColumnGeschwindner, Louis F.

19961st QuarterThe Effect of Burrs on the Shear Capacity of Bearing ConnectionsSaleh, Y.Zwerneman, F.J.

Comparative Effectiveness of Tightening Techniques for A490 1 1/4- in. Diameter BoltsAbruzzo, JohnDahl, Joan S.Fisher, John W.Lu, Le-WuDiscussion

Optimum Cost Design of Partially Composite Steel Beams Using LRFDBhatti, M. Asghar

Effects of the Latest LRFD Block Shear Code ChangeEpstein, Howard I.

A Rational Approach to Design of Tee Shear ConnectionsThornton, William A.

Correction: Steel Rigid Frames with Leaning ColumnsFolse, Michael D.Nowak, Paul S.

Correction: Strength and Serviceability of Hanger ConnectionsThornton, William A.

2nd QuarterSpecifying Bolt Length for High-Strength BoltsCarter, Charles J.DiscussionClosure

Fatigue Life of Double Angle Tension MembersChristopher, Bradley P.Cousins, Thomas E.Stallings, J. Michael

Strengthening of Existing Composite Beams Using LRFD ProceduresMiller, John P.DiscussionCritiqueErrata

A Closer Examination of the Axial Capacity of Eccentrically Loaded Single Angle StrutsLutz, Leroy A.

Critique: Comparative Effectiveness of Tightening Techniques for A490 1-in. Diameter BoltsFlucker, Ronald L.Sharp, David F.

3rd QuarterOptimization of Large Steel Truss Structures Using Standard Cross SectionsAdeli, H.Soegiarso, R.

Improved Shear Strength of Webs Designed in Accordance with the LRFD SpecificationBradford, Mark A.DiscussionClosure

Designing With Structural TubingSherman, Donald R.

Future Use of Composite Steel-Concrete Columns in Highway BridgesItani, Ahmad M.

Discussion: Prestressed Steel Girders for Single Span BridgesKocsis, Peter

4th QuarterThe Effect of Eccentricity on Brace-to-gussetThornton, William A.

Practical Advanced Analysis for Semi-rigid Frame DesignChen, Wai-FahKim, Seung-Eock

Formulas for Beams with Semi-rigid ConnectionsKotlyar, Nathan

Block Shear of Structural Tees in Tension- Alternate PathsEpstein, Howard I.

LRFD Crane Girder Design Procedure and AidsLaman, Jeffrey A.

19971st QuarterUltimate Strength Considerations for Seismic Design of the Reduced Beam Section (Internal Plastic Hinge)Iwankiw, Nestor R.

Appendix A: Beam Gravity Load ConsiderationsIwankiw, Nestor R.

Appendix B: Corollary for Cover-Plated Connections (without RBS)Iwankiw, Nestor R.

Appendix C: Elastic Stiffness Change for Reduced Beam SectionIwankiw, Nestor R.

Appendix D: Combination Detail (RBS With Nominal End Reinforcement)Iwankiw, Nestor R.

Design of Tension Circular Flange Joints in Tubular StructuresCao, JunjiePacker, Jeffrey A.

Load and Resistance Factor Design and Analysis of Stepped Crane Columns in Industrial BuildingsKennedy, D.J.L.MacCrimmon, Robert A.

Discussion: Comparative Effectiveness of Tightening Techniques for A490 1 1/4-in. Diameter BoltsAbruzzo, JohnDahl, Joan S.Fisher, John W.Lu, Le-Wu

2nd QuarterTruss Analogy for Steel Moment ConnectionsGoel, Subhash C.Lee, Kyoung-HyeogStojadinovic, Bozidar

Optimization of Large Space Frame Steel StructuresAdeli, H.Soegiarso, R.

The Dogbone: Back to the FuturePlumier, Andre

Rational Basis for Increased Fillet Weld StrengthIwankiw, Nestor R.ErrataErrata

3rd QuarterA Summary of Changes and Derivation of LRFD Bolt Design ProvisionsCarter, Charles J.Tide, Raymond H.R.Yura, Joseph A.DiscussionClosureErrata

The Restraint Girder System- Local Web Buckling Behavior and Design ConsiderationsWexler, Neil

The Behavior and Load-Carrying Capacity of Unstiffened Seated-Beam ConnectionsBowman, Mark D.Chen, Wai-FahYang, W.H.DiscussionErrataErrata

Calculation of the Plastic Section Modulus Using the ComputerBauer, Dominique Bernard

Discussion: Specifying Bolt Length for High-Strength BoltsFlucker, Ronald L.

Closure: Specifying Bolt Length for High-Strength BoltsCarter, Charles J.

Discussion: Strengthening of Existing Composite Beams Using LRFD ProceduresKocsis, Peter

Errata: Rational Basis for Increased Fillet Weld StrengthIwankiw, Nestor R.

4th QuarterSteel Moment Frames with Ductile Girder Web OpeningGoel, Subhash C.Leelataviwat, SutatStojadinovic, Bozidar

Practical Application of Energy Methods to Structural Stability ProblemsNair, R. ShankarErrata

Low-Rise Building Wind Load ProvisionsChiu, Gregory L.F.Perry, Dale C.

Discussion: The Behavior and Load-Carrying Capacity of Unstiffened Seated Beam ConnectionsCarter, Charles J.Murray, Thomas M.Thornton, William A.Errata

Critique: Strengthening of Existing Composite Beams Using LRFD ProceduresWanant, Sompandh

19981st QuarterSteel Built-up Girders with Trapezoidally Corrugated WebsElgaaly, MohamedSeshadri, Anand

Live Load Distribution in Integral Composite Steel BridgesMourad, ShehabTabsh, Sami W.

Practical Compactness and Bracing Provisions for the Design of Single Angle BeamsEarls, C.J.Galambos, Theodore V.

Integrity of Structural Steel After Exposure to FireTide, Raymond H.R.

Discussion: A Summary of Changes and Derivation of LRFD Bolt Design ProvisionsBiren, JosephDumonteil, Pierre

Closure: A Summary of Changes and Derivation of LRFD Bolt Design ProvisionsCarter, Charles J.

2nd QuarterDesign of Crane Runway Beam with ChannelEllifritt, Duane S.Lue, Dung-Myau

Design Tables for Top- and Seat-Angle with Double Web-Angle ConnectionsChen, Wai-FahKim, YosukErrataErrata

Web Shear Strength of Flexural MembersSegui, William T.

Errata: Discussion of A Summary of Changes and Derivation of LRFD Bolt Design ProvisionsCarter, Charles J.Tide, Raymond H.R.Yura, Joseph A.

Errata: Practical Application of Energy Methods to Structural Stability ProblemsNair, R. Shankar

3rd QuarterK-factors for Unbraced Frames: Alignment Chart Accuracy for Practical Frame VariationsGuo, Chelsea Q.Hamid, Hazlan AbdulRoddis, W.M. Kim

Optimal Stiffness Design to Limit Static and Dynamic Wind Responses of Tall Steel BuildingsChan, Chun-Man

The Ultimate Strength of Symmetric Beam Bolted SplicesFrank, Karl H.Sheikh-Ibrahim, Firas I.

Errata: Design Tables for Top- and Seat-Angle with Double Web-Angle ConnectionsChen, Wai-FahKim, Yosuk

Errata: Discussion of The Behavior and Load-Carrying Capacity of Unstiffened Seated Beam ConnectionsCarter, Charles J.Murray, Thomas M.Thornton, William A.

Discussion: Improved Shear Strength of Webs Designed in Accordance with the LRFD SpecificationEllifritt, Duane S.

Closure: Improved Shear Strength of Webs Designed in Accordance with the LRFD SpecificationBradford, Mark A.

4th QuarterExperimental Implementation of Active Control to Reduce Annoying Floor VibrationsHanagan, Linda M.Murray, Thomas M.

Experimental Investigation of Dogbone Moment ConnectionsEngelhardt, Michael D.Potyraj, Timothy J.Winneberger, TedZekany, Andrew J.

Belt Trusses and Basements as 'Virtual' Outriggers for Tall BuildingsNair, R. Shankar

Simplified Inelastic Design of Steel Girder BridgesSchilling, Charles G.

19991st QuarterSpliced Axially-Loaded Single-Angle Members in CompressionMadugula, Murty K.S.Sakla, Sherief S.S.Wahba, Yohanna M.F.

Semi-Rigid Frame Design Methods for Practicing EngineersBjorhovde, ReidarChristopher, John E.

Beam-Column Base Plate Design - LRFD MethodDrake, Richard M.Elkin, Sharon J.ErrataErrataDiscussion

The Effects of Over-Compressing ASTM F959 Direct Tension Indicators on A325 Bolts Used in Shear ConnectionsGentry, GuyNielsen, Richard J.Schmeckpeper, Edwin R.DiscussionClosure

2nd QuarterPreface to the North American Design ComparisonsGilmor, Michael I.Iwankiw, Nestor R.Martinez-Romero, Enrique

A Comparison of Canadian, Mexican, and United States Steel Design StandardsGalambos, Theodore V.

A Comparison of General Design and Load Requirements in Building Codes in Canada, Mexico, and the United StatesEllingwood, Bruce R.

Design Aids for Walking Vibrations in Steel Framed FloorsLaman, Jeffrey A.

Historical Note on K-Factor EquationsDumonteil, Pierre

3rd QuarterSeismic Performance and Design of Bolted Steel Moment-Resisting FramesAstaneh-Asl, Abolhassan

Probabilistic Modeling of Steel Moment Frames with Welded ConnectionsEllingwood, Bruce R.Song, Jianlin

Cantilever Beam Framing SystemsHemstad, Michael

Ponding Calculations in LRFD and ASDCarter, Charles J.Zuo, JiahongDiscussion

Discussion: The Effects of Over-Compressing ASTM F959 Direct TensionRicker, David T.

Closure: The Effects of Over-Compressing ASTM F959 Direct Tension Indicators on A325 Bolts Used in Shear ConnectionsGentry, GuyNielsen, Richard J.Schmeckpeper, Edwin R.

4th QuarterRepair of Existing Steel Moment Frame Buildigns Damaged from Earthquakes Using Fracture Tough Weld OverlaysAnderson, James C.Com