a ten thousand foot view of the repository landscape

Library Stewardship and the Evolving Scholarly Record

25th Anniversary Conference of the National Repository Library, 21-22 May 2015 Kuopio, Finland

Constance Malpas, OCLC Research

1980 1990 2000 2010 1970 1960 ‘50 2020 2030 2040

Institution scale

infrastructure

Group scale

infrastructure

Coordinated

operations

Growth of Print Repository & Shared Print Infrastructure

25 years

Evolving scholarly record

Framing the Scholarly Record …

OCLC Research, 2014 Figure: Evolving Scholarly Record framework.

OCLC Research, 2014 Figure: Evolving Scholarly Record framework, publishing venues.

Fabric of Scientific Practice, Scholarly Communication

Scholarly record is evolving Increasing volume of content

Increasing diversity, complexity of content

Increasing diffusion, distribution of custodial responsibilityof

Stewardship models are evolving Greater attention to system-wide context

Increasing specialization, formal division of labor

Deepening reliance on resource sharing networks

Parallel Trends

Interdependent repository infrastructure:

print, digital, open, commercial

Collections as a service

Owned

Catalog

Available

LibGuides, etc

Licensed

KB/Discovery

Global

Google, ResearchGate, etc …

Separation of

discovery & collection: • Focus shifts from owned to

facilitated (available)

• Focus shifts from collection to

other services (creation, …)

• System-wide thinking

becomes stronger.

OCLC Research, 2015. Figure: Discoverability redefines collection boundaries.

The ‘owned’ collection

The ‘facilitated’ collection

The ‘licensed’ collection

The ‘borrowed’ collection

• Pointing people at Google Scholar • Including freely available e-books

in the catalog • Creating resource guides for web

resources

• Purchased and physically stored

A collections spectrum

The ‘demand-driven’ collection

The ‘shared print’ collection

OCLC Research, 2015. Figure: A collections spectrum.

Shared Print

11

Shared Print

• ‘Right-scaling’ management of print

resources, shift to above-the-institution

strategies

• Opportunity costs of maintaining institution-

scale operations are high

• Early efforts focused on journals (low risk,

high return); attention shifting to monographs

• Goal: increase operational efficiencies for

managing print, enable strategic redirection

of library resources

A

In few collections

In many collections

Licensed

Purchased

Outside, in

OCLC Collections Grid

Distinctive

Library as broker

Maximize efficiency

Then

Low Stewardship

High Stewardship

Inside, out

Library as provider

Maximize discoverability

Now Figure: OCLC Collections Grid, shift in emphasis. OCLC Research, 2014.

Core

In few collections

In many collections

A

Licensed

Purchased

Shared print

Commercial repositories

Maximize efficiency

OCLC Collections Grid

Distinctive

Low Stewardship

High Stewardship

Core

Inside, out

Institutional repositories

Maximize discoverability

Figure: OCLC Collections Grid, shift in emphasis. OCLC Research, 2015.

Demand-driven acquisitions

Outside, in

Workflow support

Collection Directions Then: Value relates to depth and breadth of local collection. Now: Value relates to system-wide curation of and access to print collections – ‘right-scaling’.

14

Decision support through

shared data.

Right-scaling stewardship

North American print book resource:

45.7 million distinct publications

889.5 million total library holdings Figure: North American Regional Print Book Collections. OCLC Research, 2013.

Mega-regions & Shared Print Initiatives

OCLC Research, 2013

Orbis-

Cascade

CIC

ASERL

SCELC

MSCS

WRLC

OCUL

GWLA

WEST

FLARE Many North American consortia

are mobilizing around ‘group-scale’

shared print programs Figure: North American Mega-regions and shared print activity. OCLC Research, 2013.

COPPUL

ChiPitts

CIC-scale shared print

program could preserve

58% of regional collection

SoCal

SCELC-scale shared print

program could preserve

47% of regional collection

Char-lanta

ASERL-scale shared print

program could preserve

67% of regional resource

Group scale

OCLC Research, 2013 Figure: Regional impacts of consortial print stewardship. OCLC Research, 2014.

As of December 2014:

1.46 million titles held in US shared print repositories

+ ??? titles

in undisclosed shared print collections

High concentrations in

Maine, Florida and New York

Figure: Geographic concentration of shared print inventory . OCLC Research, 2015.

~3% of print book collection?

~1% of print journal collection?

Beyond North America

In 2015:

• Examining collective print book collection

of 34 RLUK members to support shared print

planning efforts

• Analyzing collective library holdings of 13

Dutch universities, exploring system-wide

library characteristics

• Deepening our understanding of ‘systemness’

in different national contexts

Thiophene Guy “Ballroom dancing during the Belle Epoch. 1902” (flickr) CC BY-NC-SA. Original image from Library of Congress

Selection pressure

finding the

right

partner(s)

to maximize

success

Multi-scalar strategies

Duke

RLUK

TRLN

ASERL HathiTrust

UKRR

HathiTrust

PiCarta

White

Rose

Leeds

UKB

Utrecht

simultaneous participation in cooperative

efforts operating at multiple scales

?

UC system

Figure: Multi-scalar library partnerships. OCLC Research, 2015.

UCLA

WEST

LERU?

Dan Morelle “Lefty” (flickr) CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

New demands on

coordination capacity

• Increased need for system-awareness

• Growing dependence on data-driven

decision support for group-scale operations

• More attention to performance metrics

https://www.ohiolink.edu/sites/ohiolink.edu/files/uploads/OhioLINK_Regional_Central_0.pdf

…regional impact

…return on (public)

investment

…economies of scale

Coordination capacity

Facilitated collection

Key characteristics 1. broader awareness of system-wide stewardship context

2. declarations of explicit commitments around portions of

local collection

3. formal division of labor within cooperative arrangements

4. increased reliance on trusted networks for reciprocal access

Implications for libraries 1. importance of multi-scalar partnerships grows

2. cataloging, resource-sharing workflows re-engineered to

support collection-level behaviors

3. local stewardship commitments aligned with institutional

priorities

4. increased scrutiny of ROI for collaborative partnerships

Consciously coordinated stewardship

http://www.oclc.org/research

@ConstanceM

Stewardship of the Evolving Scholarly Record: From the Invisible Hand to Conscious Coordination

By Brian Lavoie & Constance Malpas

[in press]

More information . . .