a unit on immune system help/tip in this unit study it is important that you have to follow the flow...

A Unit on Immune System Help/Tip In this unit study it is important that you have to follow the flow of activities. Start first with the Pre Assessment, followed by the Introduction, complete Topic 1 and Topic 2 and finally take the Post Assessment NO SHORTCUTS, OKAY!

Pre Assessment Topic 2Topic 1 Introduction Menu Credit A Unit on Immune System Post Assessment Help/Tip Select a button to start a section study 1st 2nd3rd4th5th

Did you take the Pre Assessment? Yes No Help/Tip

Did you complete the Introduction? Yes No Help/Tip

Pre Assessment The following questions will find out how much you know about the Immune System. Please answer the questions honestly either on a separate answer sheet or online. If you are not sure with your answer, choose which you think is the best. The result will not affect your grade. Help/Tip

Assessment Type Online Paper Base Ready Menu Help/Tip Select Menu Button to Start all over Ready Select Introduction Button to continue with the unit study once you have submitted your online pre assessment Introduction

Introduction: The Body Defenses Against Pathogens This section reviews the different ways our body defends itself against invading pathogens or disease-former organisms pathogens Help/Tip

Your bodys most important first line of defense is the Skin The First Line of Defense of the Body Against Pathogens is carried out by The Skin, Mucus, Sweat, and Tears. Introduction: The Body Defenses Against Pathogens Help/Tip

The White Blood Cells are the second line of defense. They are macrophages.macrophages If the skin is wounded and pathogens enter the body, the immune system makes more white blood cells, which fight the engulfed pathogens. Introduction: The Body Defenses Against Pathogens Help/Tip

a.Trace the formation of antibodies b.Explain the role of antibodies c.Identify the cells that produce the antibodies Introduction: The Body Defenses Against Pathogens Help/Tip At the end of the lesson, you should be able to describe the role of the Immune System as the third line of defense. Specifically, you should be able to:

Topic 1. Antigen and Antibody Reaction Topic 1 will discuss how an antibody will react to a specific antigen.antibodyantigen Menu Help/Tip Select Menu Button to Start all over Continue

Click here if you are ready Let us look at the structures of both antibody and antigen so that you will understand how the antibodies work in our immune system. Topic 1. Antigen and Antibody Reaction Help/Tip

What does an antibody look like? Topic 1. Antigen and Antibody Reaction Help/Tip Select the image

An antibody is shaped like the letter Y and has two identical antigen-binding sites.antigen-binding sites Select the structure of an antibody from the choices below What does an antibody look like?antibody Topic 1. Antigen and Antibody Reaction Help/Tip

Remember an antibody is shaped like the letter Y and has two identical antigen- binding sites. Try Again Topic 1. Antigen and Antibody Reaction Help/Tip

Select or click the location of the binding sites in the diagram Great!! Topic 1. Antigen and Antibody Reaction Where can you locate the binding sites of the antibody? Help/Tip

Binding Sites Now, select and then drag the label Binding Sites to the correct position Check your work Good Job! Topic 1. Antigen and Antibody Reaction Help/Tip

Remember these The structure of an antibody is shaped like the letter Y and has two identical antigen-binding sites. Topic 1. Antigen and Antibody Reaction Help/Tip Binding Sites

What does an antigen look like?antigen Topic 1. Antigen and Antibody Reaction Help/Tip Select the image

The antigen surface or antigen active site will always match to the shape of a specific antibody. Antigen may be found along the surfaces of a pathogen.antigen active site Select and then drag the arrow to locate one active antigen site of the pathogen Check your work What does an antigen look like? Topic 1. Antigen and Antibody Reaction Help/Tip

If you have identified any of those given below, then you are correct Topic 1. Antigen and Antibody Reaction Help/Tip

How antibody work with antigen Which of the antigens on the left do you think best fit the antibody on the right? A B C AntigenAntibody Select the letter of your choice. Topic 1. Antigen and Antibody Reaction Help/Tip

Try Again Antigen active site do not fit the antibody binding site! AntigenAntibody Topic 1. Antigen and Antibody Reaction A B Help/Tip C

Try Again C AntigenAntibody Antigen active site do not fit the antibody binding site! Topic 1. Antigen and Antibody Reaction A B Help/Tip

Correct! The shape of the antibody binding site must match the shape of the antigen active site. C AntigenAntibody Topic 1. Antigen and Antibody Reaction A B Help/Tip

Remember these Different shapes of antigens allow antibodies to recognize a variety of antigens with complementary shapes As there are many antigens, there also as many antibodies to fight them. How are antibodies form? We will answer these in the next unit. But first let us assess what we have learned. Assessment for Topic 1 Help/Tip

Topic 1 Assessment The following set of questions will measure how much you have learned about antibody and antigen Ready Review Topic 1 Topic 1. Antigen and Antibody Reaction Help/Tip

Wrong Answer Try again. Bring mouse pointer to the clouds to hear the sound

Do Your Best! Topic 1 Assessment Question 1. The substance that is produced by the body in the presence of a bacteria is called a.AntibodiesAntibodies b.AntigenAntigen c.VirusVirus d.PathogenPathogen Help/Tip

Good Job! Bring mouse pointer over the clapping hand to hear the sound

Topic 1 Assessment Question 2. What triggers the production of antibodies? a.MacrophageMacrophage b.White blood cellsWhite blood cells c.AntigenAntigen d.AntibodiesAntibodies Help/Tip

Great! Bring mouse pointer over the clapping hand t hear the sound

Topic 1 Assessment Question 3. The shape of antibodies is a.X shapeX shape b.W shapeW shape c.Z shapeZ shape d.Y ShapeY Shape Help/Tip

Congratulations! You made it! You are now ready for the next Topic. Topic 2 Production of Antibodies by the Immune System Help/Tip Select Topic 2

Did you finish Topic 1 and took the Topic Assessment? Yes No Help/Tip

Topic 2 will discuss how antibodies are formed by the immune system and how other cells work together to fight the disease formers. Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Menu Help/Tip Select Menu Button to Start all overContinue

Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity We will compare two types of Immunity done by the body, the Humoral Immunity which is done by the antibodies and Cell Mediated Immunity which is carried by Killer T Cells. Humoral Immunity Cell Mediated ImmunityKiller T Cells Help/Tip

When a macrophage ingests (eats) a pathogen.. macrophage Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Antigens are displayed on the surface of macrophage.macrophage Observe the animation carefully Help/Tip

As the pathogens antigens are displayed on the surface of macrophage, T cell binds to the macrophage.antigensmacrophageT cell T Cell Macrophage antigens Select T cell and observe what happens Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Help/Tip

The T cell which binds to the macrophage becomes helper T CellT cell helper T Cell T Cell Macrophage Helper T Cell Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Help/Tip

What does the Helper T cell do? Helper T Cell Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Select the Helper T Cell Help/Tip

Helper T cell Helper T cell activates B cells and killer T cells.B cells killer T cells Helper T Cell B Cell Killer T Cell Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Select B cell to see how it work Help/Tip

Humoral Immunity The Immune System produces specific antibodies that bind to antigens. B Cells The B Cells are responsible in producing antibodies Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Select B cells to see how it works Help/Tip

B Cell When pathogens enter the body for the first time, B Cells become activated Humoral Immunity Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Help/Tip Select the activated B Cell to continue

B Cell What do the activated B cells produce? AntibodiesAntigens Humoral Immunity Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Help/Tip

Correct When a pathogen enters the body for the first time B Cells become active and produce Antibodies.Antibodies Antibodies. Help/Tip

Select and then bring the two pathogens to the correct site for antibody and antigen reaction Humoral Immunity Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Help/Tip

The reaction happens on the binding sites of the antibody and the active sites of the antigen Humoral Immunity Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Help/Tip

What will happen to the activated B cells? Select the activated B Cells and then observe what happens Humoral Immunity Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Help/Tip

The activated B Cells then transform into plasma cells to produce more antibodies.B Cells plasma cells Plasma Cell Humoral Immunity Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Help/Tip

As the pathogens enter the body, they are approached by the antibodies, making them inactive. What happens to the inactive pathogen? Humoral Immunity Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Help/Tip

Macrophage ingests and destroys the inactive pathogen. Humoral Immunity Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Help/Tip

If the pathogens are all destroyed the activated B Cells will become memory B Cellsmemory B Cells Select the activated B Cells Humoral Immunity Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Help/Tip

Humoral Immunity Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Memory Cells Duplicating Help/Tip

Memory B Cell What will happen to the memory B Cells if the same pathogen enters the body? Select the Memory Cell and observe what happens Humoral Immunity Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Help/Tip

When the same pathogen enters the body for the second time memory B Cells transforms into plasma cells. Memory B Cell Plasma Cell What do plasma cells produce? Humoral Immunity Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Help/Tip

The plasma cells produce antibodies which will then react to the antigen, making the pathogen inactive. Humoral Immunity Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Help/Tip

Macrophage ingests and destroys the inactive pathogen. Humoral Immunity Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Help/Tip

Once the body has been exposed to a pathogen, millions of memory B cells remain capable of producing antibodies specific to that pathogen. These memory B cells greatly reduce the chance that the disease could develop a second time Humoral Immunity Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Help/Tip Repeat Humoral Immunity Topic Continue

Helper T cell activates B cells and killer T cells. Select Killer T cell to see how it works Helper T Cell B Cell Killer T Cell Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Help/Tip

When viruses or other pathogens get inside living cells, antibodies alone cannot destroy them. The Immune system has cells that destroy abnormal cells, infected cells and other large pathogens. Killer T Cell Let us examine how the Killer T Cells workKiller T Cells Cell Mediated Immunity Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Help/Tip

What does the killer T Cells do to the pathogen? Select the Killer T cells and observe what happens Killer T Cell Cell Mediated Immunity Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Help/Tip

Infected Macrophage Killer T cells bind to infected cells, disrupting their cell membranes and destroying them. Killer T Cell Cell Mediated Immunity Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Help/Tip

Killer T cells can destroy healthy cells. Killer T Cell Select the Killer T Cell to see the animation Cell Mediated Immunity Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Help/Tip

To prevent the Killer T cells from destroying healthy cells, Suppressor T cells shut down Killer T Cells. Suppressor T cells Killer T Cell Suppressor T Cell Cell Mediated Immunity Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Healthy Cell Help/Tip

The Killer T Cell becomes now a T cell and cannot destroy healthy cells. The Killer T cell will be ready to be activated when pathogens enter the body. Cell Mediated Immunity Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Healthy Cell Help/Tip

Remember these Help/Tip The immune system is the body's main defense against pathogens. The immune system recognizes, attacks, destroys, and remembers each type of pathogen that enters the body. Repeat Cell Mediated Immunity Topic

Topic 2: Humoral and Cell Mediated Immunity Help/Tip We have compared the two types of Immunity done by the body, the Humoral Immunity and Cell Mediated Immunity If you are ready for the assessment select the continue button Repeat Topic 2 Continue

Assessment Section There will be sixteen (16) items that you need to answer either on a separate answer sheet or online to complete this unit. Select the continue button to start the assessment. Menu Help/Tip Review Topic 2 Select Menu Button to Start all over Review Topic 1 Continue

Pre Assessment Type Online Paper Base Ready Menu Help/Tip Select Menu Button to Start all over Ready

Post Assessment Type Online Paper Base Ready Menu Help/Tip Select Menu Button to Start all over Ready Credit

Assessment Instruction Select the best answer by writing the letter of your choice on the separate sheet provided. Help/Tip

Question 1. Which term best describes disease- causing organisms like viruses, bacteria, worms? a.Antibodies b.Antigens c.Pathogens d.Toxins Help/Tip

Question 2. In the illustration, the label x indicates the a.Antibodies b.Antigens c.Antigen-binding sites d.Antibody active sites X Help/Tip

Question 3. What is the role of suppressor T cells? a.Destroy the killer T cells b.Inactivate the killer T cells c.Produce T cells d.Help the killer T cells Help/Tip

Question 4. A substance that triggers the production of immune response is a.Antibodies b.Antigens c.Antibiotics d.Allergy Help/Tip

Question 5. The cell that engulfs pathogens are referred to as___. a.Viruses b.Macrophage c.Bacteria d.Pathogens Help/Tip

Question 6. The cells that produce antibodies are referred to as __. a.T cells b.B cells c.Antigen d.Phagocytes Help/Tip

Question 7. Which is the most important first line defense of the body? a.Sweat b.Tears c.Mucus d.Skin Help/Tip

Question 8. What is role of the plasma cell? a.Produces T cells b.Produces B cells c.Produces antigen d.Produces antibodies Help/Tip

Question 9. What type of cell produces memory cells? a.T cells b.B cells c.Killer cells d.Plasma cells Help/Tip

Question 10. What role do antibodies have against pathogens? a.Kill the pathogen b.Inactivate the pathogen c.Dissolve the pathogen d.Eat the pathogen Help/Tip

Question 11. Which of the following describes an antibody? a.Y shaped and has one antigen binding site b.X shaped and has two antigen binding site c.Y shaped and has two antigen binding site d.Y shaped and has no antigen binding site Help/Tip

Question 12. Which of the following is correct for an antigen and antibody? a.Both antigen and antibody are produced by the B cells b.Antibody triggers the production of antigen c.The binding sites of antigen and antibody complements each other d.Antibody is produces by pathogen to react with antigen Help/Tip

Question 13. Which of the following is correct for an antigen and antibody reaction? a.There is only one kind of antibody to react with different antigens b.The antibodies react to all kinds of antigens c.There is only one kind of antibody to react with a specific antigen d.Antibodies kill all kinds of antigen. Help/Tip

Question 14. Which of the following has the specific role to produce antibodies? a.B cells b.T cells c.Plasma cells d.Killer cells Help/Tip

Question 15. Which is the correct sequence for the production of antibody? 1.Pathogen with a specific antigen enters the body 2.Activated B cells becomes plasma cell to produce antibodies 3.Macrophage engulfs the pathogen and displays the antigen on its surface 4.T cell binds to the macrophage and become activated a.1,2,3,4 b.1,3,4,2 c.1,4,2,3 d.2,1,3, 4 Help/Tip

Question 16. Which is the correct sequence for the destruction of a bacteria? 1.Bacteria with a specific antigen enters the body 2.Macrophage engulfs the pathogen and displays the antigen on its surface 3.Helper T cells activates Killer T cells to destroy infected cells and the bacteria 4.T cell binds to the macrophage and becomes helper T cells a.1,2,3,4 b.1,3,4,2 c.1,2,4,3 d.2,1,3, 4 Help/Tip Select this if you are doing post assessment Select this if you are doing pre assessment

The Pre Assessment Ends Here! Help/Tip Introduction Menu Select Menu Button to Start all over Select Introduction Button to continue with the unit study

The Post Assessment Ends Here! Thank you Help/Tip Credit

A Unit on Immune System Created by Gil Ferrer, Jr. Evaluated by Myrna Myer Kim Suer Mique Gier Arnulfo Farinas Dioso Torre George Griffith Menu

Glossary Antibody - is a protein that recognizes and binds to an antigen Antigen a substance that triggers the production of antibodies Antigen Active Site part of the antigen where antibody recognizes and bind with it Antigen-Binding Site specific site in an antibody where antigen is attached B Cell - defend the body against antigens and pathogens in body fluids Cell Mediated Immunity process in which killer T cells destroy foreign cells or infected cells Helper T Cell helps produce killer T cells and activates B cells Humoral Immunity process in which antibodies produced by plasma cells defend the body Killer T Cell destroys foreign cells and other infected cells Macrophage also known as phagocyte are cells that engulfs pathogen Memory B Cell cells capable of producing antibodies specific to a pathogen that previously entered the body Pathogen any organism that causes a disease Plasma Cell release antibodies needed to destroy a pathogen Suppressor T Cell- shuts down killer T cell T Cell- defend the body against abnormal cells and pathogens inside living cells

Pre Assessment Topic 2 Topic 1 Introduction Menu Credit Assessment Help and Tip Screen Brings you to the pre assessment slide Brings you to the introduction of topic 2 slide Brings you to the home or menu slide Brings you to the authors slide Brings you to the next slide Brings you back to the previous slide Brings you to the introduction of topic 1 slide Brings you to the introduction slide Brings you to the assessment slide Links you to the glossary section Underlined Words Select this to hear the audio or sound To move an object, select the object to be moved, release the button from the mouse, drag the object to its position and then click the button on the mouse to set it in place.

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a unit on immune system help/tip in this unit study it is important that you have to follow the flow...

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