A Vocational Training from-

BATCH -4 (2013)

• TOPIC :- OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE

OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE(OFC)

An optical fiber is a flexible, transparent fiber made of very pure glass (silica) not much wider than a human hair that acts as "light pipe", to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber

Optical fiber typically consists of a transparent core surrounded by a transparent cladding material with a lower index of refraction.

What is an ‘OPTICAL FIBRE’?

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF ‘OPTICAL FIBRE’1. An optical fiber is a cylindrical dielectric waveguide

(nonconducting waveguide) that transmits light along its axis, by the process of total internal reflection.

2. The fiber consists of a core surrounded by a cladding layer, both of which are made of dielectric materials.

3. To confine the optical signal in the core, the refractive index of the core must be greater than that of the cladding

TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION

LIMITATIONS OF COPPER CABLE

• Low bandwidth-bandwidth is limited.• Loop resistance restricts the length of

operation.• Copper is a costlier material.• Its installation is time consuming.• In it more number of repeaters are required.• Its maintaince is difficult.• Stray effect (outside effect)

ADVANTAGES OF OFC• More bandwidth-1000 times of copper• Low loss-0.4 db per km• Immunity to EM waves and crosstalk• Greater saftey-no electric hazards• No stray effect-em waves cannot disturb light• Small size and easy to handle.• Less no of repeaters required.• less temprature sensitive-800 c leaves glass

fibre unaffected.

SPECIFICATION OF OFC• Core8-10 microns (single mode); 5-100 microns (multimode)

• Cladding 125 microns (overall diameter)

• Attenuation better than .4 db/km

• Primary coating250 microns UV cured acrylyte

• Secondry coating2.4mm nylon PE jelly filled tube

• Central strength number fibre reinforced plastic(FRP)

• Moisture barriernon metallic polythene sheeth free from pin holes

8-10 microns125 microns

TYPES OF OPTICAL FIBER• SINGLE MODE OPTICAL FIBER

• MULTI MODE OPTICAL FIBER

TYPES OF OPTICAL FIBER

SINGLE MODE OPTICAL FIBER

• A much smaller core diameter.• The core dia is 8-10 micrometer.• A Cladding dia is 125 micrometer.• Very large bandwidth.• Light can go for long distansces.

MULTIMODE OPTICAL FIBER• Has a large core diameter.• Core diameter 50,62.5,100 micrometer.• A cladding diameter-125 micrometer.• Light waves are dispersed into number of

paths .• Multiple path of light cause signal distortion.• Suitable for shorter length like LAN.

LIGHT SOURCES • LED –made from the material such as

AlGaAs,light is emitted when electrons and hole recombine ,either surface emitting or edge emitting .

LIGHT DETECTORS •PIN DIODE –photons are absorbed in the intrinsic lyer sufficient energy is added to generate carriers in the depltion layer for current to flow through the diodes.

•AVALANCHE PHOTODIODE

OFC SIZES • 6 FIBER• 12 FIBER• 24 FIBER• 48 FIBER• 96 FIBER Standard drum length is 2000m+10% 4000m+10%

OFC LAYING

• PULLING METHOD

• OFC PULLING

• BLOWING METHOD

BROADBAND TECHNOLOGIES

WIRED LINE

WIRELESS

WIRED LINE

• DSC (DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE)• PSC (POWER LINE COMMUNICATION)

WIRELESS • 3G• WIFI (WIRELESS FIEDILITY)• FSO • SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

FTTH (FIBER TO HOME TECHNOLOGY)

• FIBER IS 23 TIMES LIGHTER THAN CU CABLE AND 36 TIMES LESS IN CROSS SECTIONAL AREA

• FIBER IN LOOP CAN BE DEVELOPED IN SEVERAL CONFUGIRATIONS

WHY FTTH?• Aging copper cable plants • High speed broadband 256 kbps-100 mbps• IP tv having different tyoe of contact like HD tv

and future coming 3D tv

SERVICES• High speed internet • Online gaming • Video calls • And many more……..

This Presentation is prepared by-

•PRATYUSH SHRIVASTAVA(Group Leader)•RAKESH PATEL •AAKANSHA GUPTA •ADITI SHUKLA •RANJAN KUMAR KASHYAP

THANKYOU