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,

By THE SAME

AUTHOR

EASY MALAY VOCABULARY

MALAY PANTUNS

Quatrains) .

MALAY PROVERBS

SHA IR OMAR KHAYYAM

(A

Malay Version of tile Rubaiyat)

MALAYAN NURSERY RHYMES

Haii s Boo .

e

of)

S NG LOMRI-Jawi edition

A Malay Version of Reynard the Fox)

'.

:

,

,

.

MALAY

MADE EASY

covering hath Malay

a and In donts ia

A

W, HAMILTON

Puhlish

td

by

DON LD

MOORE

lo

r,

£ .STERN UN

IVERSITIES PRESS LTD.

SINGAPORE



irst

published in 1940 by

Australasian Publishing Co. Pty. Ltd

Sydney, Australw.

Second edition 1942

Third edition

1944

Fourth edition

1944

Fifth edition 1946

Sixth edition 1

95

2

Seventh edition 1956

published

y

Donald AIoo re Ltd.

MacDonald House, Orchard Ro

ad

Singapore 9

Eighth Edition 1959

published by Donald Moore for

EASTERN

UNIVERSITIES

PRESS

LTD

SINGAPORE

Printed and bound in Singapore y

Malaya Publ s hing House

Ltd

.

..

.

CONTENTS

Pr

eface

p

ge vii

Pronunciation

ix

Indones ian Malay x

Eng

li

sh Gra

mm

atical Terms xiv

Grammar

The Article

2

The Cardinal Numbers

4

The Cardinal Numbers Continued)

6

The Currency

8

The Time

10

The Calendar, Weights and Measur

es 2

The Noun 14

The Adjective , 16

The Adjectival u

se

of Nouns 18

Personal

and

Possessive Pronouns 20

Possessive Pronouns

an

d the Genitive Construction 22

The Interrogatives

24

The Verb: Imperative 26

The Verb: Present Ten

se 28

The Present Ten

se

fanned by the verb ada, to be 30

The Verb ada, to be 32

The Verb ada, to have 34

The Verb: Past Tense 36

The Verb:

Perfect Tense 38

The Verb sudah, to 6nish 40

The Verb: Future Tense 42

The Futu re Tense formed by

th

e verb mau, to want

44

Do,

Does, Did 46

Interrogation 48



ONTENTS

Grammar

Continued)

The Creation of Transitive from

Intransitive Verbs p ge 50

The Verb bikil;l, to make 5

Th

e Passive Voice

54

The Verb k ~ n a to incur

56

Adverbs 58

Adverbs of Place

60

Adverbs of Time 62

Affirmatives, Negatives and Prohibitives

64 .

Prepositional Prefixes to Adverbs of Place

66

The Preposition pada, at, to .

es

The Preposition dengan, with 70

The Preposition sarna, with; to

72-

Conjunctions

'14

The Conjunctions juga, also, and pula,

so,

then 76 .

Interjections and the Particles lab and pun 78

The Verb boleh, can, to be able 80

The Verb jadi, to become 82

Other Auxiliary Verbs 84

The Degrees of Comparison 86

Reflexive Pronouns and the Pronominal Suffix oya, its 88

IndeSnite Pronouns 90

Descriptive ClassiSers 92

Reduplication 94.

Compound Words 96

Formation of Nouns by Affixation 98

Derivative Verbs

100

The pm- and B ~ r PreSxes

102

The M6 and

PI

Derivatives 103

Malay Proverbs 104 ,

Malay Quatrains lOS

Syllabic Vocabulary

100

.

..

.

PREFACE

This elementary Malay handbook

is

based on a con·

densation of the hitherto accepted grammatical rules which

elucidate the general principles on which the language

is

built

up

and are

to

be

found

n

all the standard

European

works on the subject.

Though intended principally for English people who

propose to reside in Malaya and wish to learn to speak

Malay intelligibly and with a reasonable degree of accu

racy, it also serves those proceeding

to

Indonesia. _

The whole Seld of speech

is

covered

in

a series of Sfty

lessons each dealing with a different grammatical aspect

and exemplified by sentences

n

the accompanying exercises.

A vocabulary of ten words is given with each lesson and

is used progressively so that only those words which have

been mastered previously are employed

at

any particular

stage.

The rather copious notes deal with minor points of

grammar and idiom or the meanings of words and phrases

as well as with matters of general inter,es t and the slight

diHerences which exist between Malay as spoken in Malaya

and that current

n

Indonesia.

All the Malay words employed in this grammar will be

found in the word ruts of

its

companion volume, the Easy

Malay Vocabulary , which contains phonetic aids to pro

nunciation in addition to a glossary which enables

t

to be

used as a pocket dictionary of common Malay

words

whether English into Malay or vice versa.

Malay is, primarily, the language of the Malays inhabit

ing the east coast of Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula and

adjacent islands, and the west coast of Borneo. t is not

the speech of a nation but of a number of closely related

peoples and so has many minor dialectical diHerences and

variations

in

pronunciation.



PREFA

CE

The standard speech, which is ·understood by all the

educated classes and is the medium in which Malay

literature is composed, is the Riau-Johor dialect which was

spoken at the co

urt

of the Malacca Sultans.

To meet the need of a Jingua franca for commercial

purposes amon

gs

t a varied Malaysian population speaking

many diHerent though distantl y allied tongues, Mala.y,

owing to its simplicity, adaptability, aod recep

ti

vity to

new words, came to be adopted.

Being the language of a coastal p<.--ople it early came

into co

nt

act with foreign traders, religious teachers and

settlers, whe

th

er Indian, Arab, Chinese or European, and

absorbed something from each f

or the

easy condu ct of

the

daily affairs of Jife, and this process still continu

es.

To speak Malay properly a sense of balance and COrrect

intonation is necessary so that only short and simple

sentences should be employed.

Furth

ermore. as a Malay

word expresses an idea rather than any definite part of

speech

it

may be. used

3Jly

change in form in

different grammatical categones.

As

Malay is the sole common medium of communication

between the polyglot peoples of the Peninsula

n ~ o -

nesia it

is

advisable

in th

e course of conversation

Wlth

races other than Malay

to

avoid a too meticulous corr

ec t-

n

ess

of speech as a Malay himself under similar circu

m-

stances alwa

ys

tends

to

talk down to his interl

oc

utor s

level of intelligence or knowledge of his tongue.

viii

PRONUNCIATION

.Malay wh

en

rcndered phoncticall y

ill

Latin lettcrs

Roman

izcd

1\'l

aiay,

and

in

the English

sys

tcm of spelling

c

(except for ch , q v

and

J ar

e n

ot

employed.

VOWELS

is

ler

med

the letters

The

vow

els arc

give

n their continentll sounds,

so

thal_

a = all, e

=e

h, i = ee, o

=o

h, u

=oo.

In an

open

sy

llabic-unless it be

final

one when

it

is only half

long - the

vowel

is lo n

g,

but in closed syllable it is

always

short.

An

open

syl ab

le

is

one which ends in a

vowel,

w

hi

lst closed

syllable

is

one which ends

wi

th a consonant.

a long

as in

fatller; short

as in

part.

(H

is never pronounct d as th e

in

pan . but ratlier,

as

the

in pun·.

As

a 6nal Jetter

il remaill$

ullStressed

as in

lava . )

e long

as in

fete, or the

ey

in th

ey

; shorl

as

in

fen.

long

as in

litre or

Ih

e

ee

in

se t

; short

as in

lit.

o long as inbonc, or the ow

in

show; , llorl as

in

n lo

u

Ion. :

as in

l

udc,

or the

00

in

too;

short

as

in

pull.

( In a

~ l a l c 1 o ~ d

syllable it o

ft

en approximates

in

so

und to

0 ,

IIlId tJus

lctter is employed

be

fo

re

lz,

J:, ng,

and nowadays,

r at the end of a word

.)

• as the

er in

her, with the 1 not

t ~

or the e

in

tlJ:ell .

(The

atonic or toneless e

is

a short, indeterminate

vowel

m.<JIJ:ed by a breve, which

is

~ m o s t inaudible before an /

or an I,

e.g.

J:ifis, his or creese, and

s i l a d ~

sladang

or Indian bison. ) ,

CONSONANTS

The consonants

ar

c pronounced

as in

English.

f ~ p p e a r s on

ly

in

Joan

word

s and is usually replaced

by

p .

i is

al

ways

hard

as in go

and n

C\

cr likc the ,{

in

gin.

h

is

gently aspirated and

is

emphasized

as

a fi n

al

letter.

t

is

elided between

two

dissimi

lar

vowels

and is often dropped

as an

initial letter.

j as

in iam. t n

eve

r has a zh

sou nd as in

jabot.

k

as a final Ietter is enclitic, forming 3 glottal check or stop, the

prc

cc:dm

g

vowel

sound being abruptly shortened.

I

is enunciated clearly as in sin, and not

as

in h

is.

7.

appears

onlr in

loon y,."()rds

and is often corrupted to

T.

.



PRONUNC IAT ION

DOUBLE CONSONANTS

ch a s.iugle souud as in church, but nevet pronou nced as a k .

III a

si

ngle

sou

nd as

in

sing,

but

not the do ,ble g

as

in

.6nger

(fing ger).

ny

a single

$Ound as

the ni

in

onion,

or

the

n

i

ll

lIew.

.

DIPHTHO

NGS

au

as

in s;luerkraut, or the

ow in

now.

oi as in

aisle, or

th

e 'y'

in my. Ay

is similar

in wund

to

ai.

HYPHENS

Hyphens

ar

e used to separate a word from

w.

hich do not

form an mtegral p3rt of the word Itself or to jom duplicated words.

ACCENT

There is no strong accent, but the stress normall\' falls on the

penultimate sy llable unless this laUer ends

in

a short I , when the

emphasis

passes

on to the final syllable, i.e. JU

·mah

or - ~ - l a but

pl-ti and ol -g,·ri or ue-gfi. This rule applies to

wo

r

ds iu

their root

form, which

i s

gellerally disyllabic, and

d i s r r ? s

all affixes, but

duplicated words may be treated

as

a single onc,

I.C .

kuda-kuda.

ARABIC LOAN

WORDS

Anblc loon \\'()rds, though correctly

spelt,

are often

mis,IHo

nounccd,

as Malay is a soft·spoken language, and so the emphatic or strong

forms of h,

k,

sand t are disregarded.

The leiters

sh an

d t are commonly corrupted to s

The gultUr;1 s gh and k are often pronounced as rand k.

Th e sounds of dz dl and II all become

dz

or just z, d and 1.

The guttural ain ;s enunciated

as

a a,.

i

u.

The

ain , ~ C l s

are often g

i\ CI1

a slightly throaty quahty whIch

IS

transformed mto a

glottal check at the end of a word. They ma y be delloted in wriling

by all apostrophc over the vow

el

or

by

doubling thc lattcr ill the

midd le of a word when a

s l i ~ h t

hiatus sllould be observed between

the two vowels.

An apostropllc after a final vowel may denote all enclitic k.

MALAY SCRIPT

M3lay is also written, especially in ~ a l a

f r ~

g ~ t to left in an

adapted Arabic script lermed ,awi, whIch ~ l l I s th Irty-thr

ee

letters

in

Its alphabet, i ~ c 1 u ? i n ~ fi"e represent

eer

tam purely Malay sounds

which do not

exIS

t III the

01l. tlnal.

I,

•

I

,

PRONUNC

IAT IO

N

MALAY DIALECTS

In Sinppore the speech

of

lohore

is

prevalent, with traces of

Javanese inftnenee, owing fo its mix ed population.

In Malacca standard Malay is spoken but a linal 'ar' tends to tum

to 'au', i.e. babr, to bum, becom

es

bakau. ,

In Penang and Kedah the following cha

nges

take place;

(a) A

.6l1al 'a is broad, as ill ah , and not muted

(b)

A

linal

r

'

is given

a

s

hort th

roaty quality

lik

e

an

enclitic

'k', i.e. lIytT, water, becomes ayak, but when preceded

by

an

j th

e sound changes to 'ak' i.e. pikir, to think becomes

pikiak. ' ,

(c) A final '5' s articulated quicldv so that it Te5embles ' ih' i e

bins,

rice, becomes

b l

raih

_ . ,

. .

(d) A

fi

nal 'I' is changed iuto 'j', I

.e.

upa l, a ship becomes

bpai.

but when preceded

by

an 'i' the sound changes to 'e

i.e. btil, a bed, becomes kate. '

In Indonesia the following changes frequently occur;

(a) A final 'au' changes to 0 , a common Javanese ending i.e.

pulau,

an

island, becomes pulo. '

(b) A linal 'ai' changes to 'e', a cornman Javanese ending i

.e

.

ra mai, crowded. becomes rame. '

(cl

Th e a in a final closed syllable changes to 'e a Javanese

trait,

i.

e. ease,

becOmcs

$111'118, '

(d) As

in

Mala

ya, in

an unaccented

fir

st

sy

llable

an

'a' may

replace an 'i ' i.e. fnam,

six

. becomes anam.

(e) As in Malaya, the

vowe

ls

j

and

e

are interc

ha

nged, i,c.

sempall8,

a

cross

road, becomes

simpang

(f ) Al In Malaya, the vo\\'Cls 0 ' and

u

' are in terchanged i.e

ubat, medicine. becomes obat. ' .

(g)

A

final 'h' is omitted, i.e.

bodoh

stupid becomes 'bodo or

masch, sti

ll

, becomes masi . ,

(h) A linal '].;'

is

pronounced as such and is not enclitic whilst

an

'r'

is alwa ys

rolled. '



INDONES

IA

N MALAY

The Indonesian language is merely the form of Malay comm only

spoken in Indones

ia

, and is basically id entical with the language as

spoken in 1olalaya.

As true Malays form a mi nority of the total population, the

rcmainin, C Indonesian groups, each pOSSeSSing its own tongue, l

ea

rn

Malay on

ly

as :I. second language.

In consequence, loca l terms, Ja van ese, often replace the

Mab

y forms, and some Malay

"'"Ords

have become current which

are not ge nc

na

lly i l l use or unde rstood in Malaya, whilst a few minor

changes have occurcd in idiom.

Furthermore, owing to the long connect ion with

d l ~ n d

borrowed

Dutch words replace the E ngl ish ones employed in Malaya, though

ma ny arc similar in sound.

As the Bahasa Indonesia or Indonesia n tongue

is

now th e na tional

language,

it

has to

be

employed for all

th

e complex usages of modem

society, and in th

e

process much of

th

e

si

mpli

ci

ty of Malay speech

is

in ev itably lost,

DUTC I-I ROMAN IZED MALAY

The vowel ce , pronounced 00 , replaces the English u , having

the same sound.

It

also, occasionally, does duty for an

0

where the

sound

01 that

letter is indistinct,

but th

e modern Indonesian practice

is

to replace '<x wit h ei ther u or .

Owing to the presence in Dutch of the atonic e so und, pronounced

'el', the Malay toneless e is not indica ted as in the i s h Romanized

Malay

by

a

sh u

t

e ,

but the vowel e , pronounced eh ,

is

given an

acute accent thus,

l 11e letter

f

in

Dut

ch is pronounced

as

a 'r' in English.

The combination di is emploved to give the sound of the EnKl ish

j

', which is not found in

Dut

ch.

The combination

If

represents the soft 'ch' in church.

The double consonant

c

h , pronounced as in

lo h,

is used for the

'kll ' in

ce

rtain Arabic loan words.

The double consonant sf replaces the Ellglish sh'.

.;;

,

I N

DO

N E S

I AN MALAY

DUTCH ROMANIZED MALAY

oe = u

oro

: ;=

y

dj = j: tj = ch: ch = kh: sj = sh,

EXAMPLES

Dutch Romanized

doedoek

jan

g

djalan

tjoekoep

chabar

s

jahbandar

English Roman i

zed

dudok

yang

jalan

chukup

khabar

shahbandar

DUTCH

ROMANIZED

Meaning

to sit

who

to

walk

enough

news

the harbour

master

Socrat chabar jang dalam baha

sa

Mclajoc itoe boekan

sadja o c n t ~ k o r ~ g 2 jang. waktoe ini tinggal di

2

Singa

poera, tetapl kaml harap dJoega socpaja ia akan dibatja2

oleh

pendocdoek

di tan ah

Indon

esi

a.

MODERN INDONESIAN

. Surat chabar jang dalam

bah

asa Melaju itu bukan

sadJa.

untuk

orang2 jang

waldu

ini

tin

ggal di Singal)ura,

t

etap

kami harap djuga supaja ia akan dibatja olcn pen

duduk di tanah

Indoncs

ia.

ENG

LISH ROMANIZED

. Surat

khab

ar

yang dalam bah

asa a y u itu

bukan

sa)a ~ n t o k orang2. yang waktu ini tinggal di-Singapura.

t a p i krum harap Juga s

upaya

ia akan di ·

bacha

olch

dudok di-tanah

Indon

esia.

Thi s newspaper, in the Malay l

anguage

, is not only

for the people

wbo

at the mom

en

t reside in Singapore, but

we h

ope

also that it will

be read

by the inhabitants of

ln

donesia.

NOTES: 1. Th e numerol 2 means repea t, i.e. or.mg orang.

2. Certa in preposi

ti

ons and particles which in the Dutch

Romanized either stand alone or are telescoped ;lre

denoted

by

hyphens in the Eliglish Romanized version.

xiii



ENGLISH GRAMMATICAL TERMS

A Noun is a name and may be Singnlar (one) or Plural (ma uy) in

Number, and Mascnline (male) or Feminine (female) or Neuter (no

sex) in Gender.

An

Infl

exion

is any

change in the fOml of a word.

Case the relationship in which a noun stands to

ot

her words

in a sentence and md) be Nominative if it names the Subject, or

Objective

if

it

denotes the Object, or Possessi

ve

(

also

called

Ge

nitive)

if it indicates Ownership. The Indirect Object is said to be in

the Dative Case.

An Adjective describes or qualifies a Noun.

A Pronoun

is

a word used pro or for a Noun and is:

(a) Personal in the First Person (the speaker) or the Second

Person (the individual spoken to) or the Third Person (the

person spoken about),

(b) Demonstrative because it poin ts something out.

(e) Interrogative because it

asks

a question.

(d) Relative

as

it relates or refers to an antecedent.

(e)

In

definite as it is vague

in

expression.

f)

R

eflexivc

as it comes back on the subject.

A Verb is a

..,, Ord

which

says

something and expresses action, state

or possession, and ma y be Transitive

or

Intransitive as the action

passes

on to an Object or not.

Auxiliary Verbs help the main Verb to form Tenses.

Tense is

the Present, Past or Future time of an action.

The Peifect Tense compounded of have and 3 Past Participle

denotes completed action at the time of speaking, whilst the Pluper.

fect wi th had indicates completion previous to some past action

or time.

Mood

is

the mode of using a Verb and may be Im pera ti ve if a

command, Of Infinitive if not limited by a Subject.

Voi

ce

indicates whether the Subject of a Transitive Verb is the

doer of alli action

or

is the one who suffers it, the Verb bei ng

in

the

Active or

Pa

ssi

ve Voice accordingly.

A Present Participle

is

a Verbal·Adjective ending in ing , which,

if used as a Noun,

is

called a Gerund.

A Past Participle

is

a verbal form of completed action.

An Adverb

is

a word added to a Verb, Adjective, or another

Adverb to modify ib meaning, and may

be

compared ill the Com.

parative (more) or Superlative (most) Degree.

A Preposition is placed pre or before the Noun wh ich it governs

to show the relatiollsllip to a preceding word.

A Conjunction joins words, phrases alld clauses.

xiv

\

L SSONS

,.

(

)



2

M L Y M D E E S Y

LESSON 1

Th

e Article

There is no article such as ' a' or 'the' in Malay.

To indicate a definite object the demonstrative adjec·

tives ini, thi

s,

and itu. that, which remain unchanged in

the plural, are employed and should follow the

wora

they

qualify.

VOCABULARY

this, these

ini

a ship

kaput

that

, those itu

a house

rumah

a person, a man

oran

g

a carriage

kc

reta

sir, master,

M,.

twm a shop

kedaio

gree tings

tabek

a box

pe

ti

NOTES ON EXERCI

SE

· A wo rd marked with an asterisk, though it m

ay

be

known in some

par ts, especially Sumatra, is

not

curren t generally in Indonesia

I

), and

can be replaced by anotllcr word to be found in tIle syllabic vocabulary

at the

end

. .

I.

ini ,

this here; itu, that there, that refened to before. In bazaar'

Malay the demonstratives frequen tly p recede

th

e noun they qualif

y,

but

this constru

ct

ion

is

not recommendcd.

lui

and itu are often shortened

by M alays to ni and tu.

2. Mem, ma'am, madam, a Emopean lady, Mrs.

It is

used of the

lady of the house and implies t

he

ma

rried

sbte.

In Indones ia Nyonya,

Mrs., whether European or Olinese.

3

Nouns remain unchanged in the plural. (Lesson 7.)

4.

In Ja W warong, a stall, a booth, kld

e,

a

S l U ~ l 1

shop.

,

.

(.

,

.

I

). Both t

he

words Tuan and Mem, in Malaya. connote Europeans, I'

bu t Tuan, Mr

.,

is al

so

employed in addressing certain respected classes

of Malays and Indonesians.

6. Misi, Miss, a young European girl or unmarried woman. In

Indonesi.l

No

na , Miss, EUTOI>C3n or Cbinese, noni, a litt le girl, sin ,o,

a young European boy.

7. Tabek, good-day, respects. The usual form of salubtion

be

tween

Europeans and Mala

ys

or other Asians. I i

M L Y

M A

DE

E S Y

EXERCISE

The ship.

Th

e house.

The

shop.

Thi s carriage.

Th

at bo

x.

Thi

s

pe r

son.

Th

at person.

Th

ll

Master.

The Mistress (Madam).

Th

ose bo

xes

.

These

shop

s.

Th

at Europ

ea

n

gen

tleman.

This Europea n lady.

Th

e

young lady

(Miss).

This man here.

The houses referred to.

Mr. Brown.

Mrs.

Smith.

A

ca

rriage, Sir

Greetings, Madam

M

M

.

I : . -2

Kapal.

Rumah.

K ~ d a i

K ~ i e t a ini.

pai

itu,

Orang

ini,t

Orang

itu.

1

Tuan.

Mem.

2

P ~ t P itu.

Kcdai

4

ini.

Tuan

5

itu.

Mem

5

ini.

Misi.

6

Orang

ini.

Rumah itu.

Tuan Brown.

Mem

Smith•

K ~ r e t a Tu:m

Tabek

,7 Mem

3



4

M L Y

M ADE

EASY

LESSON 2

The

Cardinal Numbers.

Numera1s precede the nouns to which they refer.

VOCABULARY

one

satu

s

c

anam

two

dua

seven

tujoh

tlu ee

tiga

eight d ~ l a p a n

four ampat nine

sembilan

five lima

ten

sa-puloh

NOTES ON EXERCISE

1. Th

e indefinite article a, meaning one,

ma

y

be

exp

re

ssed,

if

necessary,

by

the numeral satu

t

one, 0'

[

which

sa is

a contJ3ction.

Sa

a, when hyphenated or fanning the initial

~ l a b l e

of certain com:

pound words

is

pronounced

I

and in Indo

ne

s

ia

written so,

i.e.

sfpulob. ten.

2. Onlng, a person,

is

used as a classi fier for human beings and

precedes the word

it

qualifies (Lesson 46). It

may

be left out

altogether

OJ foll

ow with a nume

ral.

e.g. Mem dua orang, two ladies

or ladies,

two

of them. •

3.

Written dllapan, but always

ca

ll

ed

lap;n in Malaya.

4. An adjective follows tIle nOUll

it

qualifies (Lesson B .

Oomg Ingglris An Englishman

Orang

m e r i k ~ n An

Am

eT

i

ca

n (also Marikan)

Onlllg

Bi l

anda A

Dutchman

Ofllng J rman

A

German

·Ofllng

P l f l l n ~ h i s

A

Orang

Rusia A

Russian

Orang

PortugiJ A

Portuguese

Orang Eropah A European

Orana:

Yahudi

A

OraD& Mllayu

A Malay

'

Orang

Jawa

A Ja

vanese

Orang China A Chinese (also Tionghoa, I

)

Orang

Blnna

A B u n n ~

Orang Selon A

Ceylonese

Orang Siam A S i a m ~ s e a

Thai

Orang J'pun A

Ja

panese (also

pang, I.)

Orang Thrki A T u

rk

5.

Orolllg

MIla,

·u, or

Mlla

yu, Malays,

but it is usual to

insert

oromg, folk, w h ~ n talking of a race of people.

: oJ

,

.

.

M L Y

. M ADE EASY

A carriage.

A box

A

gentleman.

One

person.

A

person.

A young lady.

Two ladies . .

Three carriages.

Four houses.

Five ships.

These

six boxes.

Those seven shops.

These· eight houses.

Those nine Europeans.

Ten English

people.

Three American girls.

A Dutchman.

Two

Germans.

A French gentleman.

Europeans.

EXERCISE

Satu'

k ~ r e t a .

Satu ~ t

Satu Tuan.

Satu orang.

Sa1:-orang.

Sa-orang

2

Misi.

Dua

2

Mem.

Tiga k ~ r e t a .

Ampat rumah.

Lima

kapal.

Anam pa-i ini.

Tujoh kMai

itu.

D ~ l a p a n rumah I.D.I.

Sembilan Tuan itu.

Sa.puIoh orang

Inggb'

is.·

Tiga Misi Amerikan.·

Sa.orang Belanda.·

Dua

orang Jennan.·

Satu Tuan

Pernnchis

,'

Orang

Eropah.

5

5



6

M A L A Y

M A

DE EASY

LESSON 3

The Cardinal Numbers (Continued).

The cardinal numbers from ten on are formed perfect1y

regularly by the use of the wo rd ~ I a s representing teen'

in English, e.g. six-teen, and the word puloh, which

stands for a unit of tens and is equivalent to ty in

EngHsh, e.g. six-ty.

Hundreds

and thousands a

re

denoted

by th e words ratus and ribu respectively.

eleven

twelve

thirteen

nventy

thirty

VOCABULARY

sa-W]as l one hundred sa-ratus

,

dua-bElas I wo hundred dua ratus

etc. one thousand sa-ribu

du

a-puloh

I

wo thousand .

dua

ribu

tiga-puloh, e t

c.

, a time, an occasion kali

NOTES

ON

EXE

RCISE

E. An

}

English word 11 its first ap pClI

l llnce

in Malay is marked

with an 'c', As ma ny of these words, modified to suit the Malay

tongue, now fo rm pa rt of the language, they are spel l as pronounced

and marked

(Eo),

whilsi Dutch words absorbed, similarly in to

Indonesian Malay are marked

(D . . •

1.

Lorong or gang (D .), a lane.

~ l a n ,

a

rood.

Kampong, a v

illa

ge.

Desa ,

a ru

ra

l haml

et

in J

ava.

R

oods

arc u

sua

lly called

by

their official

names. but Malays prefer place names where extant, e

.g. Kam

pollg

J

awa,

Arab Street (Singapore).

2. The

al

phabet

is

given its Engl

ish

sounds

in

Malaya. Hump, a

letter of the alphabet. Hump Roman, the

utin

letters. Hump Jawi,

Arabic characters. Rumi, romanized.

3.

The

conjunction 'and'

is

omitted in enumerating.

In calling out large u m ~ , nonnal srs

1em

is employed of

sa rmg one, five. seven, satu, lIma, tUlOh, for J, 7, or

S3.·

Wl

as

aDam.

pulob tu joh, for eleven sixty ·seven and satu, kosong, tujoh for 107.

KOSOIl8, void. Sipir or nul (D.), nought. Juta or mil yun . , 'a million.

Angka, a numerical symbo

l.

AlIg

ka

dna, the figure two.

5.

Norubor sa tu, numbe r one, is also a colloquialism for

first

.rate.

K satu or

Ub

s nombor satu, first ·class. The ordinal numbers

Shoe

the numerical order and are adjectives.

6. To

cr

ea

te ordinals, place the

wo

rd nombor, number before the

requ

ir

ed cardinal number, e.g.

1I0mbor

saw,

first; DOmoor

dna

,

second,

etc. (Lesson 19, Note 6.)

..

M A L A Y M A D E E A S Y

7

EXERCISE

These fourteen.

Fifteen ship s.

Tw

enty-one shops.

Thi

rty-three carriages.

Number' forty-fi

ve.

House number fifty-four,

Burma Lane,

Shop number seventeen 'A',

Rochore Road.

Carriage number one hun

dred and

s

six teen.

Motor-car number one thou

sand hvo hundred and

sixty-seven.

Nineteen Arab Street (Kam

pong Java), Singapore.

Tw

o ·thousand Russians.

Fifty-one thousand three

hundred and eighteen

Chinese.

Number one.

Fi rst-class.

A second-class c'l.rriage.

This hvelfth Siamese over

here.

Once.

Twice cleven.

Thirteen times.

A lhousand occasions.

Ampat-bNas IIU.

Lima-bN

as

kapal.

Du a-puloh satu kedai.

Tiga-puloh tiga kereta.

Nombore ampat-puloh lima.

Rumah nombor lima·puloh

ampat, Lorong

l

Benna.

KMai nombor tu;oh·belas

A

,2

Jalan

1

Rochoh.

Kereta nombor sa-ratus

anam-belas.

Moto-kart' nombor sa-ribu

dua ratus anam - putoh

tu;oh.

4

S nbilan - belas Kampongl

Jawa, Singapura.

Dua ribu orang Rusia.

Lima-puloh satu ribu tiga

ratus

d t ' l a p a n - b ~ l n s

orang

China,

Nombor satu,5

Kclas

e

sntu. I

Kereta, kelas nombor dua.

Orang Siam nombor dua-

belas ini.

Satu kali.

Du

a kali

s a - ~

Tiga-Mlas kali.

Sa-ribu kali.

,.



8

M A

LAY M ADE

E

AS

Y

LESSON 4

The CUlTency.

The local currency is the Malayan dollar.

VOCABULARY

a dollar ringgit

the price, cos t

a quarter

suku' a debt, to owe

a half

n g a h wages

money

wang

expenses, outlay,

an account, a

bill,

spend

to calculate

kirn

the rent, to

hire

NOTES ON EXERCISE

harga

hulang

ga

ji

to

lW lanja

sewn

o

The

s

ign 0 ' agai

nst an English word denot

es

that

it

is

to be

omitted in the Malay translation,

I .

I ll

I)ll

,

-how much? is the normal

way

of aski

ng

the price.

Blrap;I harga, what's the cost? (Lesson 12, Note 2.)

2. In Indonesia ongk

os

(D.).

ou

tlay,

co

st, char

ge

,

ta riff.

3 Dwt (D.),

a

doit, money . is not much used in Indon

esia

- in

it stands, for ;I cent' whereas in Singapore it means qua;ter.

cent Piece.

~ I t s.;

n, sma

ll

change, coppers. Siling (E.), a shill ing,

small change

III

sl

lI cr ,

Van

g tu

na i or kontan (D.), cash re: dy

money.

1. Sa-tl ngah, a half, from ngab, middle. Europeans when

or

de

ring a half tot of whisky with soda, often ask for a 'stenga'h' only

th

e res t being understood. '

5. The

Indonesian

ru

p

ia

h or

fl

orin is

Cll ll

ed rupiah Indones ia Or

ringgit Ja

wa

in Malaya , wh

il

st the Indian

ru

pee is kn own

as

the

rupiah

Bl

ngga la

fr

om Beng

al

, a loo

se

te

nn

'foT Hindia, India.

6

.. Sa

-kupang, a ten

-cent

piece in Penang, or

sa

-pichis in Indon

es ia

.

Mul

ti

pl

es

up to a dollar are expressed

th

us: T IP kupang. thirty cen

ts

lima Impang

dn

a duit. lifty-two

ce

n

ts_

•

7. a

tu suku . a qu2Ter ', 2) cen

ts

. In Indonesia sa-plJ.nllpat or

sa-tali, a 'quarter' . (Lesson 19, Note 6.)

8_

Malay or related wo

rd

s wh ich are current in the language as ·

spoken in Indon

es

ia ,

but

not readily unders tood in Malaya

aT

C

marked as Indon

es

ian or (\.). '

•

M A L A Y

M AD

E E A

SY

9

EXERCISE

Price, three dollars.

A de

bt

ofo twe

lv

e cent

s.

Expenses, a dollar.

One dollar and ninety

cents.

Seventy-five cen

ts

wages.

Small change (s ilver).

A

ten-cent silver piece.

A fi ve-dollar note.

Ten dollars cas

h.

Half a rupiah (o r rupee).

A

dollar and a quarter.

Two dollars and a hal

f.

A

bill forO thirty cents.

Half a lemonade.

Half the people.

Three quarters of the cost.

Hire, twenty-

fi

ve cents.

Expenditure, one dollar and

three quarters.

Seven Indonesian Dorins.

Rent, eleven dollars and

eighty-four cents.

Harga,1 tiga ringgit

Hutang

d u a - ~ l a s

sen.

B ~ I a n j a sa-ringgit

Satu ringgit sbnbilan-puloh

sen.

e

Tujoh.puloh

lima

sen gaji.

Du i

t3 si ling.

e

Si Iingl sa·

pu

loh sen.

Note lima ringgit.

Wang

3

sa-puloh ringgit.

S a . t ~

rupiah.

i

Sa.ringgit suku.

Dua ringgit a - t ~ g a h .

Kir

a

tiga-puloh sen.

a

Sa_toogah

4

lamnit.e

Sa-tengah orang.

Tiga suku harga.

Sowa, satu suku.

T

BM anja, sa •

ringgit

tiga

sul..-u .

Tujoh rupiah Indonesia

.

Sewa, sa-bi las ringgit d ~ l a -

pan.puIoh ampat sen.



10

M A L A Y

M A D E E A S Y

LESSON 5

Th e.

Time

There

is a standa

rd

time for

the

whole 'of Malaya which

is

seven and a half hours ah

ead

of Greenwich mean

time, while Java time is eight hours ahead.

VOCABULARY

an hour, a clock

jam

the daytime

siang

to strike, o'clock

pukul

a nig

ht

malam

th

e mo

rning

pagi

to-morrow

bowk

the aftemoon

~ t n g ·

the day after

a day

hari

to-moceow

Ius.

d a y

kelmarin

NOTES

ON

EXERCISE

L Pukul dua, struck two. Pukul, to belt

t,

to hit, and so o'clock or

time is

inVllria

bly inserted when stating the hour. l'ukul ildrapa,

what's the time? Jam Wrapa, what's the hour? Pukul dua or jam dua

(L

), two

o'clock.

2. Or pag i·

pagi

, the ea rly morning. (Lesso n 47 ),

3 T6ngah bari, mid.oay.

Tlngal

l malam, midnigh

t.

Malam bari.

night.time. Han, a day, is often added where in English 'time' is

used. Had lusa (I.), tile day after t

o·

morrow. Tempo hari (I. ), the

other day. Tempoh, t ime.

4

Sa. malam, a nig

ht

ago, is used for bst night and yesterday but,

in

the latter case, to

av

o

id

confusion

the

word siang, daytime,

is

often added. Malam 'malam, last

night.

S. KeIrnarin or

Um

arin

is

sometimes

used in

the sense of

the

other day' or 'some da) S ago'. Kllmarin dahulu, the day before

yesterday. DahuJu, pronounced du]u, previous.

6 Jam,

at

the hour of,

is

sometimes added. J

am

ini,

at this

t ime,

now. Jam itu,

at

that period, then. ,am, a

wa

tch. In Indonesia

arloii (D.)..

a

watch; lonehellg, an alaml·dock.

7. lni hari, or hari illi, to-day. In; maJam or mal:lln ini, t

o.

night.

Both forms are used by Malays nO\vadays.

8.

T iga suku or lisa IN rampat (I.), three quarters - a way of

e s s i n g

the end of the thi

rd

quarter cif an hour.

9. Plt:ang or SOre (I.), afternoon, is employed up to and including

six o'

cl

ock,

af

ter whicll malam

is

used for evening or night.

In

Islamic

countries the day commences at sunse t, six p.m., and lasts unt il

su

ndown on the following evening.

10 lAbeh, more. over, past . Liwat I.), past, after, late.

II

. Kurallg, less, short, minus.

841111 , co

rrect, exact.

-


II

EXERCISE

Five minutes

seconds.

and

forty Lima minite

ampat-puloh

A

quart

er of

an

hour.

Half an hour.

Thr

ee

quarters oro an hour.

One hour and a half.

Two o'clock of a morning.

Eight-twenty a.m.

y e s ~ e

day.

Four-thirty p.m. this day

(half past four to-day).

Twelve noon, the day after

to-morrow.

To-morrow in° the daytime.

Midnight Jast night.

Yesterday, during o the day.

The

day before yesterday

at

the

hour of

11.27 in

O

the mornin

g.

A

quarter past

O

one to-day.

AtO

9.25

this evening (to-

night).

The da y after to-morrow

at

O

3.45 I

) in

0 the

afternoon.

At

O

seven o'clock to-night.

In ° the daylight

at·

five

minutes after five.

seken.

e

Suku jam.

S a t ~ n g a

j

am-

Tiga suku

jam_

Sal:u

jam

s a - t ~ n g a h

Puku}l

dua pagi.

2

Pul.

ul d ~ l a p a n duu - puloh

pagi, keimarin.

Pukul ampat sa -

tblgah

~ t n g

hari

ini.

Pukul

dua

- belas

t ~ D g a h

harP lusa.

Besok siang (or siang hari

8

) .

Tcngah nlaJam' sn-maJam.

4

K e l m a r i n

siang.

Kelmarin d a h u l u

j

am

6

pulcul

s a - b ~

dua·puloh

tujoh pagi.

Puk

ul

satu suku

ini

hari,'

Pukul sembilan duu-puloh

lima malam ini.

Lusa pukul tiga tiga sulcus

~ t a n g .

Pukul tujoh ini malum.

7

Siang, pukul lima

l ~ b e h

lima minit.

A quarter

to

1ess)

six

terda y evening.

yes- Pukul

aDam

kurang

suku

kelmurin malam.

At the hour of ten exactl y.

Jam pukul sa-puloh

bltul.

l

.

,



12 M A L A Y M A D E EASY

LESSON 6

The Calendar, Weights and Measures.

The six days of the week from Monday to Saturday

are expressec\

by

the numerals one to six preceded by the

word hari, a day. The twelve months of the year from

January onwards ar

c known by the numerals one to

twelve preceded

by

the word

bulan

, a month.

a week

a month. a moon

a year

.a foot, a leg

a mile, a stone

VOCABULARY

minggu

around

bulan tall, high

tahun long

kaki broad

batu heavy, weight

NOTES ON EXERCISE

k<liling

tinggi

panjang

lebar

berat

1. Han minggu, the Lo

rd

's Day. Sunday, from the Portuguese

'domingo', lo

rd.

Ha

ri

juma'at, Friday. the Mos lem sabbath.

Ar.1bic

names fo r the days of the week arc in USC as

follows;

Sunday, etc.,

Aha< ,

Sfnen

.

Si1W1,

Rabu. Kamis,

Jlmahat

, Sabtu (Sa

ptu

).

Th

e

cvtning of any day is expressed by placing malam, night, before the

name of the following da

y,

e.g. malam Ahad, Saturday night. (Lesson

),

Note 9.)

2. Arabic months are employed for religious purposes, the best

known being Ramadan, or

BuulIl

puasa, the fasting month.

Puasa,

to

fast. Mubarram corresponds to January. The Dutch names for months

are cUlTent in Indonesia and English ones are becoming common in

Malaya.

3. S:I-hari bulan, the first (one) day of the month . <Ardinal

numbers are used with hari bulan and

bngal

(I ), the date. Tanggal

tiga

April (I. ), the third of April.

4. Tahun, of the year, is always inserted in Maby. The Islamic

tunar calendar

is st

ill

used

in

some Malay States, but the cumulative

loss of cleven days as com pared with a solar year makes it unsuitable

for ge neral purposes . 1939 A.D. corresponds to 1358 A.H . (Anno hegin,

A.D.

622).

5. Eta, an ell, :I

ya

rd . In Indonesia the metric system

is

in force.

Dlp

a. a fathom. btu

,

a mile,

from

milestones.

6. Or sa-tllogah ampat

\cali,

3Y z

ft.

In this idiom sa-tlngab

is

half

a unit less than the gi\'Cn cardinal number, e.g. pukul sa-tlngah ampat

Cr

), half past three o'clock.

7. Gelen, a gallon, of petrol. Th e th ree Malay weights and

measures in commOn use are: Kati, a catty (\ ; lb.) , for vegetables,

meat and fish. Pikul, a pi

ett

IB ; lb.), fo r firewood and rubber.

Ganbng,

a g:mtan

g,

a ~ l I o n or bushel. Cbupak, a qllart holds about

2 lb. of

rice.

I :.

,

,

,

.

M ALAY

M ADE EASY

13

EXERCISE

Monday (Srst day).

Tuesday morning.

Saturday afternoon.

Sunday midday.

January (first month).

The

Srst ofo April of

that

year.

The first

day

of January.

Wednesday

the fourth

of

June.

Friday the twenty-Sfth

of

December., Christmas

Day.

Thursday th

is

week.

Saturday night (European).

The

fourteenth of

February

of the year nineteen hun

dred

,and thirty.

The night of the fourteenth

(or the full moon).

August this year.

Twenty yards long.

Two

feet three

and

a

quarter

inches wide.

A mile

round

and

thr

ee

and

a

haW

leet

high.

Sixty pounds weight.

A

hundred

ton ship.

The price of six gallons.

Hari satu.

Hari dua pagi

.

Had anam ~ t a n g

Hari. minggu tblgah hari.

Bulan satu.'

Sa-hari

b u l a n bulan

ampat,

tabun itu.

Satu hari bulan

3

Janu

ari.

2

Hari

tiga,

ampat

hari bulan,

bulan anam.

Hari

lima,l dua-puloh lima

hari bulan,

bulan

dua-

~ I a s Hari Kismis.e

Harl

ampat, minggu ini.

Han anam, malam.

1

A m p a t - b ~ l a s

hari

bulan,'

bulan du a

, tahun4 sa-ribu

s ~ m b i l a ratus tiga

pulo t.

Malam

ampa

t-bel

ns

hari

bulan.-

Bulan

d ~ l a p a n tahun

ini.

Dua-puloh

panjang.

Dua

kaki tiga inchl

e

suku

lebar.

Satu

b a t u

5celiling;.

t p

kaki sa_tengah

6

tinggi.

Anam-puloh

paun

e

bb"at.

XapaJ, sa-ratus tan.

e

Harga anam gelen.

T



14

M A L A Y M A D E EASY

LESS

ON

7

Th e Noun

The Malay noun undergoes no inBexion to denote

gender, number or case.

The sexes can be distinguished,

if

necessar

y, by

the

addition of the words janhm. male, and benna, female.

pl

aced

after the word they

qu

alify.

Nu

m

ber

is determined from the contex

t.

(Lesson 47,

Para. 2.)

VOCABULA.RY

a

woman p u n

a fowl

.yam

a child

anak

an ox, a cow

~ m b u ·

a youth

hudak·

a horse

kuda

a hu sband Inki

a sheep, a

goa

t kambing

a wue

bini

a pig babi

NOTE:; ON EXERCISE

1.

Jantan is in ge n

era

l

usc

for 'a man', but laki·laki or orang

laki

(1. ),

a man, is more polite.

Laki (I. ), mal e.

2. Perlmpuan (I. ), female, is politer than Wtina, for 'a woman',

and can ' be ; wife ' .

}st.ri

t

a wife, in polite circl

es.

3. Anak

jant

or l I a k laki (

1.

), a

so

n, '; r

ea

l man', Anak

plrimpuan

, a daughter. Anal.: dalll or

p l'lI wan

(I. ), a maiden, a

vi

rgin. Dam, virgi nity. Anak t' runa , a bachelor. ADak orang, other

people's children, especially daug

ht

ers.

1. Budak, a ) outhful person, s used for you ng children of either

se

x, and

also

for a go lf caddy or tenn

is-

ball

boy.

Budak

(I.),

a s

laye

.

In Indonesia

ka

cho

ng

, ;I

Ooy, you

ngster.

5. Anak, a child,

\\Che

n placed before the name

of

any creature

m

ear.s

the )'Qung of that species. Anak

aya

m, a young ch icken, a

chick. An2k kambing, a kid, a lamb.

6. U$ually only goats are kept in Mala)'a so that kambing covers

both goats and sheep. Biri·biri or domba (I.). a sheep.

7.

Sapi

(r.), 3n

ox.

In

Malaya, min

ya

k sapi,

beef

suet.

8.

Dna laki bin.i

, man and wife. Anak bini, a family.

9. Anak, a son of, a nat

ive

o

f.

Anak Mllayu, a Mala

y.

Anak

Menang·kabil u, a n3ti

ve

of Minangkabau, in Sumatra, the cradle of

the Malay

r:J

ce, whence many

mi

grated to found th e States of Negri

Sembilan , where matriarchy is in force.

I

'

>

}

f

t

,


15

EXERCISE

A male person.

Females.

A

woman.

Th

ese fo ur women.

Three son

s.

Two

daughters.

Th

at girl .

A yo ung lad.

A

cock.

Six

hen

s.

T

we

lve chicks.

This stallion.

A

bull.

Ten cows.

Th

e cost of

°

a kid.

A young boar .

Th

e value 0( ° a fo al.

Ten calves.

A husband and

°

wife.

Arabs, a married couple.

A wife

a

nd

o

child .

Seven gir ls (

daugh

ters).

A

boy (male child).

A c;ouple of

0

men.

Th s Malay.

,

Orang

jantan.

1

Orang

b ~ t i n

Satu ~ r ~ p u n

Ampat orang b ~ t i n mi.

Tiga

anak jantan.

s

Dua

anak

~ t i n a

3

Budak

¢ r ~ m p u n

itu.

Sa·orang

budak

jantan.

4

Satu ayam jantan.

Anam ay

am

t i n a

Dua-beJas anak aynm s

Kuda jnntan ini.

Lembu janlan.

Sa-puJoh l ~ m b u b

l

tinll.

Harg

ll

l O a ~

kambing.

6

AnaK babi

jilOta

n.

Harga nnak

k u d l l

Sa.puJoh anak ~ m b u

Laki bini.

Orang Arab.

dUll

Jilki bini-s

An

ak bini.'

Tujoh anak perempuan

3

•

Sa·orang anak

jan

tan

.

Dua orang laki.laki .

t

Anak l\{( layu' ini.

,

- ..



16 M A L A Y M A D E E A S Y

LESSON 8

The Adjective.

Adjectives

are

indeclinable and follow the substantives

which they

qua

lif

y.

The demonstrative adjectives, when employed in con

junction with a noun and a quaJifying adjective, follow

the attribu te.

large

small

old (of living things)

young

hot

VOCABULARY

b ~ r cold, cool

ki chil black

tua

muda

panas

white

old, a long time

new

NOTES ON EXERCISE

I. Bini mud: , a young wife, also a secondary wi fe.

sejok

hitam

puteh

lama

bah ,

Z In

Indonesia Sljok means coo l and dingin, cold, chilly.

3.

Or.ang lama, an

old person or hand. in contradistinction to an

orang baham, a new person or comer, a novice. Baham

is

pronounced

baro.,

as

Malays often omit for euphony the ha syllable in words

derived from Sa nskrit.

4. Orang puteh, a whi te man, a European, sometimes restricted in

Malaya to English people. the nationality being stated in other cases,

e.g . orang n d o n ~ an Indonesian.

5.

Harl Wsa r, a creat day, a festive occasion, a festival.

6. BIs:H, main, chief, head . Orang Wsar, an important person.

Tu:.tQ

Wsar, the llead of a

6nn

or office or department.

Boy

bIsar,

the head 'boy' or scrvan t , a head waiter.

7. Orang klehil, a little man, a man of no consequence or humble

birth. Tuan klchil, a European junior or assistant.

Boy

klchil

shortened to 'Kichi' is used by Europeans for a help. Klchil

is pronounced klchi in

Maia)'1l

.

8. House servants arc called 'Boy' irrespective of age. In Indonesii

jongos (D.). boy, youngster,

is

employed Similarly for a servant,

steward, or waiter. Bujang (I ), a servant.

9. Auak kk hil, a small child. a baby. Bayi

(

I

),

a baby.

10. Distinguish between hu

ang

bam ini, this n

eiv

debt, and ini

hutang bam, this (pronoun)

is

a new debt.

J

,

,

,

,


EXERCISE

A large hotcl

A small glass.

An

old woman.

A

yo

ung wife.

A

hot day.

A cool

night.

This black horse.

That white fowl.

An old hand.

The

new master.

A white person.

A holiday to-morrow.

The eldest child.

The

(European) manager.

A small person.

The

head servan

t.

A little child (baby).

An under house-servant.

Those old houses.

These old oxen.

A European assistant.

An

important personage.

A European newcomer.

Big wages.

A fresh debt.

Hotel

e

bcsar.

~

k ~ c h i I

Perbnpuan

tua.

Bini

muda.

1

Hari panas.

Malam sejok,2

Kuda hitam

ini .

Ayam puteh itu.

Orang lama.'

Tuan bam.

s

Orang puteh.

4

Harl bC

sar '

besok.

Anak

tua

.

Tuan bl1sar.

tI

Orang k ~ c h i J 1

Bo

yS

b ~ s a r

Anak (bebi

8

.

Boy

k ~

Rumah l

ama itu

.

Umbu

tua in i

.

Tuan kechil.

7

Orang besar."

Orang puteh baru.

3

Gaji

~

Hutang

baru.

o

17



M L Y l \ l DE

E S Y

LESSON 9

The

Adjectival

us

e of Nouns.

Nouns denoting materials or place can be used ad

jectivally by placing the qualifying noun after the subject.

VOCABULARY

water ayer

a place,

a stand Wmpat

wood kayu a room bilek

o

fire, a light api

a

market pasar

a

plank papnn

a

fence, a hedge

pagar

iron

bt' :

i

a

country negt' ri

XOTES ON EXERCISE

I

R U U J ~ h

b ~ h l ,

a stone or brick· built house. P ~ p m b;Jtll, ;] sh te.

2

Kapal api, (lit.) a fire.ship, a stcamer. (Lesson is.)

3. K4reta alIi, (lit.) a fire·carriage, a train, the

railll-ay.

i . Bilek ayer, a wash·room, water closet. In Indonesia kamar 0

1

a room, replaces bilek and ka ntor (D.),

a

counting-house is

used

for

office, etc K a l 1 l ~ r k6c hil,

a

\\I e Kantor polisi, a police-station.

Kautor kawat, telegraph office. Kawat, wire. Kantor d

n:m

(D.),

a

custom house.

S K4teta kuda, a horse carriage, a glwrry ()r closed·in lwrse l-'e1licle,

the ponics for wh ich come fWII1 Deli. Sumatra .

6. Tahull bam, the New Year. Tahull lama, the old year last

year.

Th

e Chinese New Ycar, ()ld s t ~ l e ocenrs between J:muary'20th

and Febnwry 20U

.

7. Jam

Wsar

, any large public clock, a clock·loln'r.

8

I u lau Pinang, Penang island, the capital of Ilhieh, George town,

is called Taniong, the capc, by Malays.

9.

Or h\l13b, land. Tanah Ingg4ris, England. Tanah 13\ : , Java.

T al13b aycr, territory, nativc land.

10. Allak neglri China, a nativc of

alina.

l'-'egeri, a country, when

followed and qualificd

by

the namc of any

race.

denotes

the

land

()f

the people referred to. Nlgeri

Kl lin g. \bdras.

Auak negeri

Keling. a Ilatil'c of Madras. Nigeri Siam, Thailand.

I I .

Tempa t , a receptacle, a 11older. is used

in

the formation of

many compound words, e.g. telllpat sireb, a sirih-box, containing

c l < h e w i n ~ requisites,

in

cluding sireh, betel·leaf; pinang, areca·nut;

gambir, gambit'T; kapor, lime.

12 . ArCf b:ttu, solidified water, icc. Ais (E.) or cs (D.), ice. Aycr C$

(I.), iced W:Iter.

1

3.

Or paia k, a market in Penang. (D.),

:I

mou()poly.

1.-1ALAY

M D E

E S Y

19

EXERCISE

A large stone building. Rumuh butu

b ~ s a r .

A sm

ull

plank house. Rumah papan

k ~ c h i .

An old iron fence. Pagar

bt' :si

lama.

The black wooden

box.

p ~ t i kayu hitam itu.

This British steamship. Kapal

api2

In

ggcris ini.

The

Kedah mail-train. Kcre ta api3 mel" KMnh.

TIle new washroom. Bilek aycr4 baru.

A

hackney horse·carriage. Kcreta kuda

ll

sewn.

That

Kereta Iembu Mclayu itu.

The Malacca lighthouse.

A Johore

~ [ a l a y .

E ng

li

sh money.

A China-born Chinese.

~ I a d r a s cattle.

A small Deli pony.

A receptacle

forO

ice.

A place forO fjrc.wood.

A stand forO ten taxis.

A Javanese sir

m-

set.

Th e new jam-dish.

A broad black-board.

Th

e telephone slate.

The Singapore fowl·market.

M .M .E . }

Tnhun baru

G

onmg China.

Jam

besar

7

stcshin" kereta

api PuIau Pinang.

8

Rumah api M ~ l o l r o .

Anak Mclayu Johor.

Wang ncgeri

G

n g g ~ r i s

Anal: ncgcri China.

lo

Lembu ncgcri

Ke

ling.

lo

Kudn

D e l i ~

kechi .

Tempat

nyer batu,l

Tempat kayu api,

Tcmpat sa-puloh laksi,"

Tempat sireh tanah

la

wn .'

Tcmpat jam" baru.

Pnpan hitum lebar.

Papan botu

t

taliplln."

Pasar

lS

ayam Singapura.



20

M L Y M D E E S Y

LESSON 10

Personal and Possessive Pl0nouns.

There

is

no inflection to denote case.

The use of the second person singular should be

avoided as far as

possible

either by omitting

it

entirely or

by

substitut

ing the

name,

rank, employment,

or

relation

ship of the person add..-essed.

The same words urc used respectively for both the

second and third persons singular and

plural,

but in

the

latter case

the word orang,

people.

may be to avoid

ambiguity.

Possessive

pron

ouns

are

form

ed

by placing

th

ssivt'

particle, punya, '5, after the personal pronoun.

you

he, she,

it,

they

w

'5, 'owning'

VOCABU

LARY

sahaya

a hat

~ n g k u

a

coat

dia

trousers

k:ta

a

shirt

pu nya a boot,

NOTES

ON

EXERCISE

topi

baju

scluar"

kemeja

a shoe

kasut"

1. Sahara, I, pronounced

saya,

is used by or to Europeans

as

the

other words cxprcss more intimatc relationship. Aku (or ku). I

(familiar), Hamba,

I,

a servant.

2.

Engkau (also kau), or kowe (I.), you. to subordinates;

Ill,

you,

to

a Chinese. E

ll

gkall (I.), you (polite). Awak, you (polite), in

lohore. Kamll (or

nHI),

you (polite), elsewhcre.

3.

From 11IIjl

U:ly: ,

to own. Plinya corresponds to the suffix's'

in English, il1dicating the possessive form of

nOl1ns.

The

tendency

to overdo the employmcn t of pun

ya

whcn not used with p c r s o n ~

should e avoided, and the adjectival forms used, e.g. tlm\lat sijok,

not sljok punya

M m p ~ t

4. In

indonesia

e h l 1 ~ l l a ,

trousers, replaces

sl 1ua

r.

5.

Better

yang

b6sar, thc big one. Yang, that which.

6.

Or kot)iah in Penang, the round velvct Malay cap.

7.

In Indonesia sepatu, 3

boot,

shoe, also llsed in t-.of:Jlap.

8.

Or

panja

ng

lchar.

ny

a. Nya, its. is tllC unemphatic genitive of

dia, he,

etc.

(Lesson 44.)

9. Dill semua, they all. la , he, the literar}' form of dill.

My topee

Your white coat.

His

old

place.

Her

black shoes.

Its

wooden

planks.

Our

monthly wages.

Your (pl

ural

)

great

n

ew

country.

TIleir young cattle.

Master's shirt.

Madam's

old

frock (gown).

My husband's black

trousers.

A lady's hat.

Someone's child.

The

child's

hot

water.

A Malay's coat.

A

larg

e one.

La

st

night's account.

A co ld spot.

Th e \vife's house.

His songkok (M

alay

cap).

Our shoe-stand.

Your wife (polite).

Its length

and

breadth.

Their (plural form) hedge .

Your Chinese

trous

ers.

EASY

2

Saya

1

punya topi.

En gkau

2

punya baju puteh.

Dia punya

h ~ m p t

lama.

Dia

punya

kasut hitam.

Diu punya

papan

kayu.

Kita pWlya gaji bulan.

Engkau orang punya

~ r i

barn

bbar.

Dia punya lembu muda.

Tuan punya

3

klffi1eja,

Mem punya gaune lama.

Saya punya

13ki

punya

sel

uar

4

hitam.

Perempuan punya

topi.

Orang punya anak.

Budak punya

ayer

panas.

MeJayu punya baju,

Besar punya,l'

Sa-malam

punya

kira.

Scjok punya tempat.

3

Bini punya rumah.

Dia punya songkok.

0

Kita

punya

tcmpat kasut. 7

Kamu punya isteri.

Dia punya panjang lebar,S

Dia\

orang

punya

pagar,

Lu

punya

sclunr China.



22

M L Y M A D E

Possessive Pronouns a

nd the

Possessive pronouns may also be created by placing the

personal pronouns after the word expressing the object

possessed

or

its qualifying adjective. (Lesson 44, Para. 3.)

The

simple genitive case of nouns is formed

by

the

nOlln

denoting the possessor being placed immediately after the

thing possessed.

a workman

a labourer, a

a groom

a washerman

a

name

VOC.\BULARY

tuknng a clerk

coolie kuli a friend

sais · a teacher

dobio a clergyman

nama

a king, a

prince

NOTES

ON

EXERCISE

k ~ a n i

kawan·

gum

padl ri o

raja

1.

Tu\..aug means an artisan, a skilled \\oIkman, and when placed

before a

wo

rd comb ines with

it

to form a compound word to denote

a worker in that

pa

rticular line. Tukang

kayu,

a wood-worker, a

carpenter. 1um, an expert, a competent person. luru

b.l

i1asa, an

interpreter, from bahasa. a language. Jum hilis, a clerk in Indonesia.

Z

Tukang ayer, a water·carrier, a T.A.

who

does the rough work

of a house. Toti, the 'sweeper' of latrines.

3. Aya h, an ayah, is reserved for Malay and Indian womell who act

33 children's nurses or as ladies' maids: Javanese maids are called

Oabu, and Chinese liurscs Amah.

4. Duit klchil or

W311g

k«hil, small money, change.

S. Orang gaji, a hired person, a servant. an employee.

6. Sais, a

syce,

a coachman,

a

motor<ar driver, or draiba (E.), :I

dri\'er, a chauffeur. In Indonesia sorir D.). chauffeur; knsir D.), a

coachman; tukang kud:i,

a

groom.

7. To avoid a succession of qualifying words the construction with

pun,. a may

be used, e.g.

sais klrem

kuda

pun)': haisikaJ, or perCl mpu3n

Slrani

pUDy;;l topi ilibm.

8. SlralU, or Indo (D.), a Eurasian. The Eurnsians

in

Malaya fonn

a respectable Christian community cngaged,

for

the most part, in

clerical work or as shop assistants.

9.

Sa

habat or sobat

I.),

a friend. Ternan, a companion.

10. In Indonesia pastor (D.), a R

om

an Catholic priest; pindita, II

priest

gCllcrall},.

Imam, an Islamic religious head.

II. l\1llllltu, a

washennan,

replaces

dohi,

in

Indonesia.

M L Y

M D E

E S Y

23

EXERCISE

My water·carrier.

Yo

ur new coolie.

His old friend.

H

er

elderly ayah.

Our

King's name.

Their

small change.

The Sultan of Peru s new

Astana (palace).

A Jap. l.nese ship.

The

employees of the Yam

Tuan of Negri Sembilan.

A prince's home.

Th

e chief clerk's

pe

n

cil.

l\lastcr's Malay teacher.

A carpenter's shop.

A shoemaker's room.

The

coachman's bicycle.

The

Eurasian woman's

black hat.

A friend's young child.

A Christian priest.

The

Raja of Perlis' place.

The Chinese dhoby's wages.

Tukang

'

ayerZ

sara.

Kuli

baru

cngkau.

Kawau lama dia.

Ayah

3

tua

dia.

Nama raja kiln.

Duit

kechil' din orang.

Astana (or Islan3)

baru

Sultan Perak.

Kapat orang Jepun.

Orang gaji

ll

Yam

Tuan

Ncgcri Scmbilan.

Rumah anak raja.

Pensil

e

kcrani

b ~ u r

Curu

Mtilaru Tuan.

~ a i tukang kayu.'

Bilek tukang knsut.

Baisikal

e

saiso kcretu kuda.

1

Topi hitam

7

~ r c m p u n l l

Scrani.

8

Anak muda kawan.

n

Padi ri

o

orang Kcristian.

e

Tcmpat Raja Pt' rlis.

Caji dobi

China.



4

M A L A Y M A D E E ASY

LESSON 12

Th

e Interrogatives.

Interrogatives may either precede or come after the words

they qualify. (Lesson

24

, Para. 1.)

The interrogative pronoun mana, when

it

means

wh

ich,

usually

fo

llows the noun it quali6es.

wh

at

who

which, where

when

how much

VOCABULARY

npa a reason, a cause

siapa a

kind,

a

sort

mana age

bila· news, to tell

bl rapa a l

ette

r

NOTES ON EXERCISE

p

asa

l O

macham

um

o<

khabar

surat

1. Apa pasal Of lIpa

s h

, what reason? why? Slbab, a r

eaSOI

I.

because, is genera

ll

y used ill Indonesia, pasal also means a subject , a

clause.

Klrn1pa , why?

(Lesson

28. Note I.)

2. Blrar, ' how much? how many? is always employed in making

enquiri

es

0

a numerical nat ure wh ich in English could

be

phrased.

as

either 'how?' or 'wha ?' nll'llpa umor, h

ow old ar

e

)"OU?

(

Blr-ll

p

a,

bemg

wha

t }

3.

Bila, at the time when (

Lesso

n

37).

Kapan

(I.),

when.

1. Or mana

sa

tu slluar, which onc? Yang mana, which?

5.

t is more

id

ioma

ti

c to

use

siapa,

who?

than apa, what? when

asking after a person's name. (Si.apa. the

wha

t.)

6. Tulung wang

or ka

s

ir (D.),

a treasurer, a cashier.

7. SlIT,It , a book, any writing, a chit , a tes timonial, a character .

Kitab. a book, a religious

wo

r

k.

8. In

Pe

nang the plurative su

ffix

apa

is affixed

to sahara, I, to form

sepa (sahara apa), we; similarly dia, he. becomes depa (dia apa), th

ey,

and bang, you, becomes

hangpa,

you a

ll.

9.

Slblra

ng, the opposite side or bank, across. SlWrang Plrai,

Province

We lles

lC} (P

.W.)

,

as frye lies

opposite Pen

an

g. Owla

slWrang, people from the opposite shore.

to.

Apa khabar (pronounced bbar

).

what's the

lews?

is the M

ala

,

equi

va

lent of 'h

ow

do you do', to which the reply is kbabar baik,

good news

or 'quite

well

, thank

yo

u' .

11

.

TaijiD

, 'great

ma

n', a Chinese honorific, in Malaya a Secretary

for. Chinese Affairs. Sense, a Chinese·style doctor.

1

2.

Macham mana, in

wha

t m

anDer?

BIsaf mana, h

ow

b

ig?

13

. Apa, what, when

it

f

ol

lows nOlln often implies 'what kind of',

depending

on

the tone of voi

ce

.

MALAY MADE EASY

25

EXERCISE

Wha

t

s this place?

Wh

o's that? Why?

Where's the newspaper?

How

much for the chicken?

One

dollar.

Whi

ch

ch

ic

ken? This o

ne

.

What's yo

ur

age, Boy?

What's the time now?

Wh

en? AtOthr

ee

o'clock.

Which

trousers, Sir?

What's your ship's name?

What's the cashier's name?

Pereira, a Portuguese.

Whose letter's this?

Whose sun-helmet's

th

at?

Th

e

En

gineer's wife's.

What sort

of

a shirt?

What's the date to-da

y?

How long? Two hours.

How many

pe

ns? One.

Whose room?

Th

eir

s,

the

Province Wellesley folk.

How do you do, Taijin;

how's the child?

What kind

of

a shop's this?

A Chinese he

rb

alist's.

Apa t ~ p a t inil

Siapa itu? Apa

pasal

l

?

Mana surat khabar?

Berapa ara

m

ini?

Satu

ringgit.

Ayam mana? Ini satu.

r a p a umor, Boy.

Pukul b ~ r p a jam ini?

Bila ? Pukui tiga.

mana,·

Tu an?

Apa nama kapal mgkau?

S i a p a nama tukang

wang&

P orang Portugis.

Siapa punya surat7 iniP

Topi

itu

sia

pa

punya?

Bini

Tuan

Enjinir

e

puny

a.

Apa macham j a ?

B ~ r a p a

hari bulan hari ini?

Bbapa

ll

lama? Dun jam.

Bbapa

ll

pen' ? Satu.

Siapa punya bilek? Dia'

punya, orang s ~ b b a n g

Apa kha

bar

, lo Taijin

;1I

macham man a

l2

anak?

Kedai

apa

l l l

ini? KMai

sense.

I



26

M L Y

M A D E E S Y

LESSON 13

The

Verb:

Impe

rative.

Verbs

are

either sim

ple

or derived from

oth

er parts of

speech

by

the

addi

tion of prefixes

and

(or) suffixes.

Generally speaking both transitive and intransitive verbs

occupy

the

same

position in a sentence as in English,

whilst

th

e word 't

o'

is not

required

in

the

infinitive.

Simple verbs in

their

root fo rm

are

indefinite in mean

ing

but are used thu

s to form

both

the second person of

the im

pe

rat ive mood

and

the infinitive. (Lesson SO.)

Th

e untranslatable emphatic s

uffi

x lab is frequently

added to verbs in

the

second person imperative.

Th

e conjunction

'and'

is

not required

between two verbs

in the imperative mood.

to come,

hither

to go

to give

to bring

to learn

VOCABULARY

mari

pergi

kasi

bawa

belajar

to call, to summon

to order, to tell

to come, to arr ive

to go back, to go

home

I

to

question, to ask

NOTES ON EXERCISE

panggil

surch

datang

pulang

tanya

I.

~ m p a t illi, or Slli, here. ' ~ m p a t itu , or

situ,

there.

2. Or bllgcha, ill Penang the Chinese term for ricksha.

3. Piun, peon,

is

the Anglo.Indian word for a messenger

or

office

boy, who in mcrcantile offices is called

tambi,

a tamby, derived

fr

om

a Tamil word meani

ng

younger brother.

In

Indonesia opas (D.) , a

messenger, ordeIly; opas polisi, a policeman; manteri, a trained native

assistan t;

r n n t ~ r i

polisi, a police sub·inspector.

4. Tuan and I.'lem in a married household stand for husband

and wife as

wel

l

as

Master and Mistress.

5. I\

Ullbari

, a Malabari, a Moplah

from

the Malabar coost of India.

In Malaya they keep eating.houses.

6. Kedai kopi or warong kopi

(l.),

a eafe, a tea·shop.

7. Bawa, to convey, to carry; hawa mari, to bring hither.

8. l\1aooor, an overseer, a head

wai

ter I.). Tandil, a tindal, a

fore-

man, a leading native seaman, a caretaker

t).

9. Plrgi is pronounced p6gi and often shortened to pi.

M L Y M A DE E S Y

27

EXERCISE

Come to this spot (here).

Wher

e are you off

to? Go

home this minut

e.

You (plural) go away.

Bo

y,

bring som

e

cold water

and give it O to him.

Give me ten do

ll

ars

t o ~

morrow.

Babu,

ca

ll a ricksha (trisha)

right away.

Peon, tell my syce to go

home.

Come to-morrow morning at

nine o'clock.

Go over there and ask the

tim

e.

Tamby, order Din , my

motor-car driver, to come

to-night.

Send for the men and

teU

th

em to come here.

Go and ask my wife the

whereabouts of myoId hat.

Te

ll

a Malabari from the

co

ff

ee-shop to bring some

biscuits here.

Mandor, go a

nd

call t

wo

Tamil labourers.

Ti ndal , you go and learn to

do

the

accounts to-da

y.

Mari tempat inil (or sinO.

Pergi mana? Pulang·lah jam

ini.

Engkau orang pergi-lah.

Boy, bawa

a y ~ r

sejok, kasi

dia,

Kasi saya sa-puloh ringgit

besok.

Babu, panggil satu becha

2

ini

jam.

Piun,s suroh sais saya

pulang.

Datang-Iah

b ~ s o k

pagi jam

pukul ' sembilan.

Pergi tCmpat itu

1

(or situ)

tanya jam,

Tambi

,3

suroh Din, saya

punya sais moto·kar, da

tang ini malam.

Panggil orang suroh

dia

datang tempat ini.

Per

gi tanya Mem· mana

saya punya topi lama.

Suroh sa-orang Melebari

5

kedai

6

kopie bawa marF

biskut.

e

Mandor,s pergi

pan

ggil

dua

orang kuli Kcling.

Tandil

,3

engkau pegi

9

bela

jar kira wang hari ini.



28

M A L A Y

M ADE E AS Y

LESSON 14

Th

e Verb: Present Tense.

Ve

rb

s undergo no inflex ion to

denote

either mood, tense,

voice,

number

or

person.

The tense of a verb standing alone

is

indeterminate.

Tens

e

may be

ex

pr

essed

by

auxiliaries which

precede

the verb but need not e used if the tense

is

already

sufficiently evide

nt

from the context.

The present

tense

is fanned

in simple sentences

by

a

combination of the subject and a verb

in

its root form.

to eat, food

to drink

to bathe

to write

to l/pealc,

talk

VOC BUL RY

makan

mioum

mandi

tulis

chakap·

to work, business k ~ r j a

to play main

to

hi t

, to multiply pukul

to like. to be pleased sub

to watch, to

guard

jaga

NOTES ON EXERCISE

1. Or

ella,

tea,

in

Penang. Tekoon, a tea·pot. Chawan,

3

teacup.

2. Bob , a ball. Main bob , to play ball, A

ssoc

iation football. Oth er

games are given their English names with the "«Ird main p

la

cea

in

front. Main tenis, to play tennis. Meja bola, a billiard·table. Kamal

bola, a club, in Indon

es

ia.

3. wa pfrgi, to bear or carry away, to take awa y. Bawa pulang,

to take home.

Baw

a

dating,

to bring.

4.

Th

e possessh'e pronoun is

fr

eq uen tly omitted in Malay when it

is clear

fr

om the context who the possessor

is.

5.

Ayet minum, drinking· ter.

Th

e pr

esent

participle of

an

y verb,

wh

en used adjectivally to fo

rm

a compOund nOun, follows the

sub-

stantive whi ch

it

qualifies.

6. M ilkan gaji, (lit.) to cat wages, to

wo rk for wages.

7.

Ha ji, a pilgrim. A Moslem who goes on the pilgrimag e to

Mec

ca

and acco mplishes all the pr

escr

ibed

ce

remonies during the

appOinted period is entitled to the hono

rifi

c Haji.

8. In Indones ia bichara, to talk, to speak, or omong, to tllk. to

g

oss

ip replace cbakap, whi ch means to undertake.

9. Munshi, a nati

ve

teacher of Oriental languages.

10. Islam , the Islamic religion .

Orang

Islam, a M

os

lem.

M L Y M D E E S Y

29

EXERCISE

I eat.

You drink

He wri tes.

She bathes.

We talk.

You (plural)

worl::.

They

play.

I eat chicken.

You drink tea.

He is writing a letter.·

She is bathing

her

child.

Why are

yo u hitting

the

horse, Syce?

Who

is looking after

th

e

cattle to-day? He.

Th

ey

like to pl

ay

football

on

> Saturday afternoon.

\Ve

are

taking away

ourA

writing books.

A Menadonese steward

brings the drinking water.

Wh

at are you doing, Ali?

I'm

a

wag

e·earner, Sir.

She is busy

at

six o'clock this

evening, Haji.

I am fond of talking Malay,

Moonshee.

He

is taking

ho m

e a Mo·

hammedan religious work.

Saya roakan.

Engkau minum.

Dia

tulis.

Dia

mandi.

Kila chakap.

Engkau

orang

k ~ r j a

Dia

orang main.

Saya makun ayam.

Engkau minum teh.

1

Dia

tulls surat.

Dia

mandi

dia punya

anak.

pa

pasal

~ n g k a u pukul

kuda, Sais?

Siapa jaga Ibnbu hari ini?

Dia.

Dia

orang suka main

bo

la

2

hari anam

~ t a n g

Kita bawa

pbgP buku

"

tulis.

Jongos

M ~ n a d o

bawa

da·

tang

'

arer

minum. >

li

apa kb-ja?

Sara

makan

gaji,' Tuan.

Dia kerja

pukul

anam

pe.

tang ini, Haji.7

Sara

suka chak

ap

8

Mt' layu,

Mun

s

hL Il

Dia bawa

pulang

l

kitab

orang

Is

lam.

t O



30

M L Y M D E E SY

LESSON 15

The

Present

Tense formed

by the verb ada

to be.

The present continuous tense is formed by the employ

ment of the

auxiliary verb ada, to be, to exist, which

emph

asises continuity

of

action.

Words denoting

present

time

or

tengah, middle, in

the

midst

of,

arc

used to stress

the

present.

VOCABULARY

to walk, a

road

jaIan

to

wear, to use, to

put

on, to dress palmi

to sleep tidor

to

sit, to dwell dudok

to prepare r

eady

siap4"

meat

fish

an egg

cooked rice

a cake, a pudding

NOTES ON EXERCISE

daging

ikan

telar

nasi

kueh

1.

Benggali. a Sikh, a northern Indian. This term arose through

. the

fa

ct th

at

the

first

contact between Mala

ys

and n

or

thern Indians

was through the sepoy regiments of the Bengal presidency. B6ngga li

Sik,

a

Sikh . Benggali Islam, a Punjabi Mohammedan. Orang Kabul,

a Pathan, an Afghan.

2. Orang jaga, a watchman, a caretaker, a door.keepc r. The Iaga,

as he is commonly

call

ed

in

Malaya,

is

usually a northern Indian

engaged to look after premises at night or

in

the absence of the owner.

Jaga, to be awake, watchful.

3. Or sftiia, to prepare, whidl is more usual

in

Indoncsia.

4. Daging, meat, when it precedes the name of any bird or animal,

denotes the flcsh of that spec

ies.

Daging I

o 'mbu, bed.

Daging

brobing. goat's flesh, mutton. Daging babi, pig's

flesh.

In Indonesia

ikau, fiSh, may also mcan meat.

. Tukang batll , a stone·worker, a mason, a bricklayer.

6. Jalan, to go, to be

in

motion; jabn plrgi, to make for.

7. Tengah, to be engaged in, or sftiang, during, while. 'In Penang

dok,

an

abbreviation of dudok,

is

used colloquially

in

the same sense.

Dia dok makan, he is engaged

in

eating.

8. Merah (red)

or

kunillg (yellow) tllor (I.

., yolk.

Tllor mata

sapi, (lit

.)

an ox-eye egg. fried eggs in Indonesi

a.

9. Makan nasi, to ea t rice, to take a meal. Minllm ayer, to drink

water, to partake of liquid rdreshment.

1

0.

Negative sentenccs should

be

practised by placing tid3k

or ta',

not, before the \'crb or its auxiliary. (Lesson 32 .)

M L Y M D E E SY

31

EXERCISE

Wher

e's

the

ticket,

the

train

is moving?

The

Sikh

watchman is

asleep

in

the

daytime.

I

am putting on

my coat.

The clerk is sitting writing.

The little

boy

is

in charge

of

the

punkah.

The baby

is awake,

get

r

eady

its food.

Those Pathans (Cabool)

are

busyo eating beef.

This Chinese mason

is

carry

ing someo pork.

Our friend is getting ready

the mutton

broth

(soup).

The

bullock-carts are

on

th

eir

way

to O

the

Al

or

Star fish market.

That child of

yours

is

in

th

e middle of eating half

a dozen cakes.

Their

cook

is

occ

up ie

d in

beating

up the

white

of

egg

at the

moment.

The

syce's wife is

eat

ing

her

meal just now.

Mistress is using

the ca r

riage this afternoon.

The

Punjabi Mohammedan

is wearing

white

trousers.

Mana

teket,e kl reta

api ada

jalan?

Benggali,

l

orang jaga

2

itu,

ada tidor siang.

Saya

ada

pakai bajll.

Kerani

ada dudok

lulis.

Budak

kechil

ada

jaga

pangkah.

Anak

k ~ i l ada

jaga,

2

si

ap3

dia

punya makan.

.orang Kabul

l

itu ada makan

daging l

embu

f

Tukang

balu

li

China ini

ada

bawa

daging babi.

4

Kawan kita

tengah

siap

sop

e

daging kambing:'

Kcrcta lembu

ada

jalan

pi rgi

l

pasar ikan Alar

Setaro

Budak

engkau

itu

Mngah

makan sa-tengah dozen

e

kueh.

Dia

orang pwtya kuki

e

tengah

1

pukul puteh

telor8

ini jam.

Bini sa

is

ada

makan

nasi

9

jam ini.

Mem ada

pakai. kereta

petang ini

Benggali Islam

l

itu ada

10

pakai seluar puteh.

32

M A LAY M D E E AS Y M L Y M D E E ASY

33



LESSON 16

The Verb ada, to

be.

The ve

rb

'to b

e wh

en used simply as a copula or link is

omitted in Malay.

Wh

en the ve

rb

'to

be

expresses a man's vocation

it

is

replaced by the word k&ja, to work as.

Ada, to

be

, asserts pr

ese

nce or existence

and

takes the

pla

ce

of

th

ere

is,

or there are, in

En

gl

is

h. .

VOCAB

U

LARY

good, well

baik

a father

~ ~

lever, skilled

pandaio

a mother

stupid, foolish

bodoh an elder brother

abang

rig

ht

,

corr

ect, a younger brother

0<

s

tr

aight

b< tul

sister

adek

wr

ong, clTor

salah

an elder sister

kakak

NOTES ON EX ERCISE

1. 83ik, nice, pleasant, a

ll

right. Enak

(I.).

delicious.

2. Bawa, to drive, to steer.

Ba

wa

keret

a,

to drive a

ca

rt . Bawa

k3p ai, to steer a ship. Bawa motokar, to drive a

ca

r.

3. Hnlu or ulu, headwa ters, up<ountry, r

us

tic, a handle.

f . Ad a, to be in existence, to be presen t. The par ticle 'there' is

omitted

n

Malay unless

it

refers to ' th

:l.t'

",hcn it is translated by

itu . Itu romah sara, there is my house:.

S. TemJm

t m :mdi, :I oothing place, a ba th·room, a bath.

6.

Add

: JMlri mpu:m, a younger sister.

Ad

ek jantan, a

yo

unger

brother. Saudara, a brother or

sis

ter, :I relat

iv

c.

7. The pronOUIl 'i t' when used in an indefinite sense with itn ·

perso nal verbs, or

as

the subject of the

ve rb to

be when standing

alone, is omitted.

8.

Ser.mg or bosman (D.), a boatswain, :I llead·la

sca

r.

9.

Tuan, master, owner. proprietor. TWll rum.ah , the owner of a

house:, the occupier, the host.

10. Pi

ng

hulu, the official headman of a mukim or parish, :I mosque

caretal::er (I ). Vld ana . a native 'headman in lava.

11. Tn Malaya bai, a brother,

is

a term of address for northeru

Indians, nana , elder b ro ther. is for Moslem Tamils and Kall(l:, elder

bro ther, for Javanese. Similarly aehi, elder sister, for T amils and

lIes:Jn,

sis

ter, for

Ja

pa nese wo men. Al

so

mamak, unele, and mami,

aunt. for elderly Tam ils. All

wo

rds borrowed from their respective

lanauages.

12. Persona l pronouns arc often omitted if the meaning is elear.

EXERCISE

My father is clever.

His mother is good.

The

young arc

fo

olish.

This road is correct .

Your work

is

wrong.

My mother

is

a Siamese

woman.

What is this? Bacon, ir

Her younger brother

is

a

bullock-cart drive

r.

What is

th is place called?

Kampong Ulu.

There is one long dining

room.

There

ar

e two baths.

TIie

Au

stralian's younger

sister is tall.

What

is there to eat? Ham.

His younger br

other works

as a blacksmith.

Ito

is cold to-day, S

er

an

g.

Who

is

there? The h

os

t's

elder sister is here, .

Why is it o ""fong, Peng

hulu?

Where is my napkin? He

re

it

O

is (this is

it

O

.

This Sikh's (Bhai's) elder

brother is a

cl

erk.

What

are you, Kang (to a

Javanese)?

I

m

12

a groom.

Bapa saya pandai.

Dia punya

male

baik

1

•

Orang muda bodoh.

Ja lan ini bf]tul.

~ a

bgkau salah.

Saya punya

male

pi rOOlpuan

Siam.

Apa ini? Bekin

,e

Tuan.

Adck dia bawa kheta2

Mmbu.

Apa nama

tbnpat

ini?

Kampong Ulu.

3

Ada

t

satu bilek makan

panjang,

Ada

4

dun.

tempat mandi.'

Adek p&'empuan' orang

Ostralia itu tinggi.

Apa ada

f

makan? Hem.

e

Adek jnntan

8

diu kt rja

tukang b6si.

St jok

7

hari ini, Sb'ang.'

Siapa ada?4 Tuan rumah8

punya kakak adUL

Apa sllbab

'

salah, Pt ng

hulu? lO

Mana saya punya nepkine?

lni ada.?

Bai

ll

ini punya abang kt rja

k ~ a n i

Apa kt rja, Kang?ll Kb'ja

sais kuda.

34

M A

L A Y M

AD

E

EA S

Y

M A L A Y ,M A D E EA S Y

35



LESSON 17

The Verb ada, to have.

When the verb 'to have' denotes possession it is ren

der

ed

into Malay colloquially by the ve

rb

ada.

VOCABULARY

a chair

Urusi

an illness, painful, to

a table

meja

be

ill,

to h

ur

t

sakit

a thing, good

s,

a head

kcpala

belongings

barang

•

stomach

p

erut

a cup

board

almari a hand , forearm

tang

an

a drawer

lachi

an eye

mata

NOTES ON EXERCISE

1. Klrusi p3n iang (or malas), a long chair, M alas, i:lzy.

2. Europeans may address e1derly Malays in such terms as \\,a',

g3ffer,

but

ka' or dck, sister,

is

more fam iliar.

3. En

ji

n, any engine or piece of machinery, a mill or factory.

Meshin , any machine or mechanical

contTllp

tion

sucn as

a sewing

machine, a lawn-mower or a mangle. In Indonesia

ma

sin (D.), a

machine, an engine. Pabcrik (D.), a factory.

J\.

'lasin tEroong, an aero

plane. Tllrbang, to R \

i . Bapa is often shortened to the homely pa', pa .

5.

Sakit, to have a pain or illness, to

be

suffering from or with;

when used in conjunction with a term for any {Xlrt o'f the ody

it

denotcs an ache or ailment in that member. S

ak

it

pfru

t , a stomach

ache. Sakit mata, an eye complain t.

6.

Or1

11

g sakit, a sick person, a patient. Kllreta omng sakit, an

ambulance.

Rumah

sakit, a hospital.

7.

The verb

to

have' when denoting the possession of qualities or

d isabilities

is

often omitted .

8. Or

sim

pa

ng, cross-roads. Simpang ampat, four ways. Simpang

tiga, a junction whence three roads diverge .

9. BEtul, to be rigllt, to be in order, ' that's so', 'quite right' .

B' nar, true, really, to permit.

1

0. 'Are there?' and so colloquially, 'have you?'

Klru

si

saya

ada

dua,

y chai rs are two, or r have two cha irs.

1L B

arn

ng, wares

. Bara

ng ma

s, jewellery.

M

as

,

gold.

',

'.

•

EXERCISE

I possess two rattan long

chairs, old man.

We have a broad dining

• table, sister

(e

lder).

H ow m

any

chairs have you,

sister (yo unger)?

Thre

e.

H is

almeir

ah

(wa

rdr

obe) has

one drawer.

This Pah ang train has two

engines, brother (e lder)

Who has any· money?

Give

him a t ip (present).

This hand machine belongs

to the m, sister (younger

).

H ow many childr

en

has

Fa ther Haji got, mo

th

er?

Go

an

d call a

doct

or;

I have

a stomach-ache.

The pa tient , a Chinese

women, has one eye.

Th

e hospital has nurses a

nd

"

it has an ambulance,

Sempang Ampat has a large,

new hospital.

t

is correct, Ja'afar h

as

a

pain in

th

e h

ea

d , fa

th

er.

Wh

at kind of goods have

you got"?

Ir

on

wa

r

e.

Where is

yo

ur luggage,

fri

end

(to a Chinese)?

I have it ," brother.

M M 4

Saya ada dua kl rusi

rotan

panjang,l Wa '':l

Kita ada satu m ~ j

rn k n

lebar. kakak (o r ka'2).

En

gkau ada b ~ p kerusi

.

adek (or dck2)? Tiga.

D ia pWlya almari

(o

r lemari}

ada sam lachi.

Kercta api

Pahang ini

ada

dua enjin,S abang.

Siapa ada wang? Kasi

dia

duit

kopi (pC rscn

e

).

Meshin

l

tangan 1m dia

ora

ng

pWlya, ad

ek

.

Berapa Pa

4 Ha

ji pWlya

anak, mak?

Pc

rgi

pangg

il T

uan

d

oktor<

;.

saya sakit perut.

s

Orang sakita itu, per

emp

uan

China, mata

satu.T

Rnmah s k i ~ ada nas:

e

ada

kt' reta orang sakit.

8

Sempang AmpatS ada hos

pital

e

bcsar baru.

B

t

tu l

,9

Ja apar

ada sakit

kepa l

a,5

bapa·.

4

Apa macham barang ada? lD-

Barang

bes

i.ll

Mana

In punya

baran

g,

kawan? Ada, ab

ang

(or

bang).

36

M A LAY M ADE

EA S

Y

M AL AY M ADE EASY

37



LESSON 18

Th

e Verb: Past Tense.

The

past tense is shown

by th

e context or by the employ

me

nt

of adverbs and words denoting past time.

The past continuous or imperfect tense is formed by the

use of the.verb ada, to' be, C?f ~ n g a h to be engaged in,

together with a wo

rd ex pr

esS

In

g

past

time.

V

ABUL.>\RY

to

ar

rive,

to

reach sampai

a knife

pisau

to

read

bacha

a fork

garp

u

to

meet

Jwnpa a spoon

scnd ok

to Jose, disappe

ar

hUang

a towel

tuaJa

e

to look, to see

tengok

e

soap

sabun

NOTES ON EXERCI

SE

I. Tuala mandi, a bath·towel .

Tu..ala

tal\81Ill, a hand· loweL Anduk

ID

·l'

a

towel

, re

pla

ces

tuala

in

In

done

sia.

. Lihat, to see, to replaces tengok, to look at, in IndOllesia.

Nampak, to sec , to

n o ll(.

C, to appear, to be visible.

3

Ad a, there

\\'3S,

there were, depending on the context

t. e r ~ b i sewa. a, Kereta )lakai (or seooiri, oneself.

I.

),

a carnage for one

so w

n prlv.l te usc. In Indones ia sado a pony

cart. f

ro

m d

os-

a-dos, back-t

o-

ba

d W"ndi,

a

gig.

a band

y.

'

5.

a -nl C name is derived

fr

om thc once famolU

stat e of Kahnga, m On ssa Prov ince,

wh

ose merchants, trading in the

wO re known as Kalin

ga

s or K1ings_ In Penang the tenn Klling

lS rese rved for Mollamn\cdan Tamils om Madras

Ollce

known as

C ~ l l 1 l i a the. no n-Mos lem Tamils and Tc]lIgn$ being termed orang

Hmdn, a Hmdu. In Singapore, the foml er 3re

call

ed Klli

ng lsL1m

and the latter

Ke1

ing Hindu.

.

6.

Enchek, or Che', Inche,

in

Mala

ya

a title of r

es

pect

wh

ich

ca

n

e

Ith

er

be used

alone or in conjunction with proper Malay nam es to

mcan Mr., Mrs. or Che' gu, teacher.

l\ h

' e". a lady teacher.

7. Ada, to be, 1$ sometimes used loosely in the colloquial to

denotc the tense . datang, has co

me

.

8. The object of a "crb 1$ omitted if it is obvious.

9. Or sud' , a ~ Cham cha, a

tea

spoon in Penang.

10

..M. "nten. a .

mlllI

ster of state. The Mentri

Besar is

the chief

t'XcculJVe office r a Malay State.

-

.

•

EXERCISE

Th

e letters came byo the

nine o'clock post yester

da

y morning, Nana.

Th

e Selangor Club bath

towels disappeared the

n.

I

met my friend, the lawyer,

l

as

t night, Mamak (uncle)

Look at this letter

Why

did

he write, Mami (aunt)?

How were the forks lost?

Th

ere

wer

e hyelve.

Wh

o told the hackney car

riage to go home?

Th e Tamil labourers

ar

rived

at

six p

.m. that

day.

Who

saw c r i c a strike

that

old man? Achi

(sis

ter).

Mistress gave me soap the

da

y before yest

er

day.

Who

we

nt to mee t the day

tr

ain? Some Hind us.

At mid -day I saw the knives

we

re

th

ere, Si

r.

Miriam's h

ea

d

wa

s aching

on

that

occasion (day).

At

that time

our

t

eac

her was

reading a letter.

The head

teacher's private

carriage is here. The

school ma am saw it.s

Who

was using this spoon

yesterday n ~ ? One of

the Mentri Bcsar s people.

Sur

at

sampai pos" pukul

a . n kMmarin pagi,

Nana.

Tunla mandP kt' lab

e

S ~ l a n -

gor

hHang jam itu.

Saya jumpa kaw

an

saya,

loyare, sa-malam, Mamak.

Tengok

2

surat ' ini

n a p a

diu tulis, Mami?

Macham mana garpu itu

hHang? Ada

3

dua-bM os .

Si

apa

s

ur

oh

k ~ r e t u

sewa

4

pulang?

Kuli sampai puleul

anam pt' tang hari itu.

Siapa tengok Marikan pukul

orang tua itu? Achi.

Mem ka si saya sa

bun

kt' lmar m dulu.

Siapa pbgi jumpa k t' r

eta

api

siang? Orang

Hm d

u.

5

T t' ngnh hari saya nampak

2

pis

au

ada

, En

chek.

CI

K

t' pa

la

Ch e

'

Mhiam ada

sakit hari itu .

Jam itu Che gun kitn ada

tt' ngah bacha surat .

K&'cta pakai

4

guru

~ s a r

ada datang. M

a

gu

l

tengok.

Siapa ada pakai scndok\l ini

kt' lmnrin

ma

lam?

OrlUlg

Mc

nt

Cri Besar.

10

38 M A L A Y M D E

E S Y

M L Y M D E E SY

39



LESSON 19

The Verb: Perf

ect

Tense.

The perfect and also the past tense are expressed

by

the

use of the auxiliary verb sudah, finished, done, over.

VOCABULARY

to

do, to make ,

buat

a

picture,

a photo gambar

,0

open

buka

a door

pintu

·to close, a cover

tutup a ladder, stairs

tangga

to sta

nd

up berdiri

a window joodela

to

stop

b ~ r h i m t i

ground, earth tanah

NOTES ON EXERCISE

1. Pagar maudi, a bathing enclosure, a 'pagar'.

2. Awang or Mas (I. ), 'John' is

used

to hail a young stranger

unceremoniously.

Malays

3rc called by their personal names, which,

when

followed by bin,

SOil

of, or binti, daughter of, plus t

he

male

parent's name give the full name. 111crc being

no

surnames. a

woman's name does

not

change

on

marriage. Abbreviated lames

in

which

on

ly the final syllable is

used

are common, i.e. Muhammad

becomes Mnt.

3. BlfTheUti, to leave

off,

to ccnse. Th e root {onn is hllnti, to

stop, wbence

be'r

hllnti, to come to

a

stop. From diri, erect,

is

derived

Wrdiri to

be

standing. (Lesson

SO,

Para. 3.) Berjalall , to walk.

Bercbakap, to talk, etc.

4. Taoah Me1ayu, Malay lands, the Federation of Malaya,

as

opposed to the Colony. Tanah MeIaka (

I

), Malaya.

5.

Tuan GubenlOf, tI

le

Governor. Rumah Tuan Gube'mor, Gov

-cmment House. Toan ResideD the Resident. English official titles

are in gener

al

usc

.

Presiden

(D.),

a President, in Indonesia.

6.

Tu l

is,

to write, is also used for to draw.

7. Or apa boat, what's doing or to d07 which is shortened

in

the

l<edah dial ec t, spoken

in

Penang, to awa t, why?

8. Kolek, a canoe for paddling or sailing. Pe

ro

hu , a fishing boa t, a

Malay sailing ship. Sekochi (I.), a ship's boat.

9. Chioteng, a Chinese term

fo

r a Revenue Officer.

10. Children often usc their name instead of '1'.

II

. Slldah is 'frequently controcted to '

dab

by Malays.

,

EXERCISE

The carpenter has made the

bathing pagar step

s.

When were th

e windows

opened, Awang?

The watchman closed

th

e

doors la

st

night.

I have stopped working

there, Ahmad

(A

mat).

Th

at

person has given

up

drinking, Mohammed.

Her

fa

th

er has r

etu

rned toO

the Malay States.

Wh y was

the

house closed

th

e

day

before yesterday?

His

eld

er

brother has come

to do some w

or

k.

Th

e Governor's carriage has

arr

ived.

1 have learnt to speak

Malay.

The baby

was asl

eep

ate

eight o'clock.

Yeste

rd

ay she drew a

sketch of a person stand

ing

up.

Why has he got ready

th

e

koleh

at

e

th

is hour?

Who has opened this box?

Th

e Chinteng.

I (Mat) have spent ten

cents.

Tukang kayu sudah buat

tangga pagar mandi.

1

Bi la j e n d ~ sudah

bub

Awang?2

Orang jaga sudah tutup

pintu sa-malam.

Saya sudnh

b ~ h c n t j

kcrja

tempat itu, Amat (Mat).2

Orang itu sudah bcrhe

ntP

minum, Muhammad.

Bapa din sudah pulang

Tanah

M

{

lJ\yu.4

Apa schab rumah sudah

tutup kclmarin dulu?

Abang dia sudnh datang

buat

kerja.

Kcreta

Tuan

GuhcmorS

sudah sampai.

Saya sudah helajar chakap

Mclay

u.

Anak k& hil sudah t idor

pukul dclapan.

Kclmarin dia

sudah

tulis

6

gambar satu

orang ber

diri.

Buat apa

7

dia sudah siap

kolek

s

jam ini?

Siapa sudah huka

pl iti

ini?

Chinteng.

9

MallO d h

u

bclanja sa

puloh sen,

40

M L Y M D E E S Y

M L Y M D E E S Y

41



LESSON 20

The

Verb sudah, to finish.

Sudah may be employed as a verb meaning

to

complete,

and in conjunction with the verb habis, used up, finished

off, to signify 'quite

finished'.

VOCABULARY

to say, to tell bilang a

plat

e

to cook masak a bowl, a dish,

to

cut

potong a

cup

to

light,

to fire, to fix, a saucer

to set in order pasang

I

loth

to forget

lupa

paper

NOTES ON EXERCISE

pinggan"

mangkok

piring

kain

kcrtas

1. Sudahl Enougb Sufficient l is used as a command to cease any

course of action.

As

a rejoinder t denotes that action has been taken.

Sampc (L), enough, to su ffic e.

Z

Tukaug masak, a cook, a chef. Masak, ripe (of fruit

),

3. Datok (Dato' or

To

), a grandfather, an honorific employed

towards elder ly people, a commoner chief, an idol.

4. Belanja rumah, an advance for household expenses.

5, Malan

tengah hari, the midday meal, lunch, tiffin. Makan

mal am, dinner, supper. Makan pagi, breakfast.

6. Api is used of any lilS:ht. Api gas, gas. Lampu, a lamp.

7. Or kab,

to

say.

Bilang or

kim

, to count.

8. Sarong, a waist·cl

ot

h, the Malay national dress worn by both

men and women and often called kaiD, cloth, only. Pakai kain, to

wear a sarong. Kaill baju, a sarong and coat, clothes . PakaiaD, clothes

(Lesson 49 ). Kain sarong, a sarong.

9. Only the simple tenses are found in Malay, the others being

tra.n

slat

ed

by indirect methods.

nlcr

e

is

no pluperfect, the clue

bemg found in thc context or in an adverb of time.

10. PeU W-si, an iron box, a s.lfe. Peti wang, a cash-box.

11. Shahballdar, (lit.) port king, 'a harbour-master. Bandar, a

seaport, a town.

11. Jawi Pekan, a nam e applied to the descendants of Moh ammedan

Tamils WllO hav e inter-married with Malays, and are numerous ill

Pcnang. Pekan, a mart, a town.

Kob,

a fort, a town (1.).

13.

In

Indonesia piling, a plate, a saucer, replaces pinqan.

,.

EXERCISE

That's enoughl Stop, Dadl SudahlJ Bl rhl nti-lah, Pa'l

It 's after siX o'clock. Sudah pukuI anam I ~ b e h .

Boy, bring two tea-cups.

It

Boy, bawa dua mangkok

is done, Sir. teh. Sudaht, Tuan.

Tell

the

cook to get dinner Suroh tukang

m s k ~

siap

ready now. I've done

so.

makan n

jam.

Sudah.

1

Kich i, set the old table- K ~ c h i , pasang kain meja

cl

oth to-night. That's lama malam ini. Sudah-

all. lab.

I

forgot

to

say that"

the

writing-paper was used

up

yesterday, Data.

Cook says that" the money

f

or

household expenses is

exhausted, Madam.

Tw

o plates

of

cakes were

finished off la

st

nig

ht

,

Puteh. How was that?

I

have finished chopping

up

the

fir

ewood, grandad.

We

had fish for lunch yes

terday,

at

midday.

The

electric lights are lit

aUC

round Johore Bahru.

He

says

that

O

an aged man

brought some Pulikat

(cotton-pri

nt

) sarongs.

This

place is cold. I have

had the

fire lit (called a

person to light

the

fire).

The

little children had

fini

s

hed

supper

by

then.

The

Harbour-master's office

safe is ready. Fix

it

up.

The

Jawi Pekan clerk has

counted the saucers.

Saya sudah lupa bHang

kl rtas tulis habis kcJ-

marin, Dato'.s

Tukang masak bilang duit

bclanja

4

rumah sudah

habis,

MOOt.

Dua

pinggan kueh habis sa-

malam, Puteh (Teh).

Macham mana itu?

Saya sudah habis potong

kayu api, To'. I

Kita sudah makan ikan

toogah

harP

sa-malam.

Apj6 lektrik sudah pasang

kl liling Johor Barn.

Dia bilang

1

orang

dah

tua

bawa datang sarongs (or

kain) P ~ l e k a t .

Tempat tnt sl jok. Saya

sudah panggiI orang pa

sang

api.

Budak ktkhil sudah habis

makan

m l m ~

itu jam.

9

p ~ t i

b ~ s i l O

opise shahban

dar 11

sudah. Pasang-Iah.

K&-ani Jawi

P ~ k a n 1

sudah

habis biIang

1

piring.

18

42

M A L AY l\'I A D E EASY

"

M A L AY M A D E EASY

43



LESSON

21

The Verb: Future Tense.

The future is commonly formed by the use of the

auxili

ary verb

nanti, to wait, await,

sha

ll or

will.

I t may also be indicated by the presence of a word

denoting fu

tur

ity.

to go out

to re turn,

ba

ck

to come in

to answer, a reply

to pay

VOC B

UL RY

ki :luar

balek

masok

jaw

ab

bayar

a garden

a church

a theatre, show

a cooking-place. a

stove, a kitch

en

a store, a shop

NOTES ON EXERCISE

kebun

~ r e j

wa

yang

dapor

gudang

1.

Gudang, a godown, a storeroom, a warehouse, a European store

or shop. G long, a stone building. In Indonesia tOK a, a storc,

shop; sepen (D.), a pantry.

2. Wayang

or

komedi (D.), any theatrical

SlIOW.

\V

ayang kuda. ·

a circus. \Vayang gambar (or gf lap, dark) or hioskop (D.), a cinema,

a bioscopc. Baugsawa n, the ,Malay op<:ra.

3. Bajn tutup, a button·up tunic coat. J

as

(D.), a coat.

4. Keda i (or nunah,

I. )

maka n,

an

eating·house. a restaurant. also

kedai nasi , a Mohammedan restauran t.

5.

TIle H

ylams or

Hainanese are a Chinese

race

from the island

of

Hainan who seek 'employment

in

Mala),a

as

cooks, servants, and

keepers of coffee-shops and restaurants. '

6. Orang Makau, a Cantonese. as the first arrivals came from the

Portuguese colony

of

Macao, in K",,'angtung.

7.

Masok kelja, to enter on the duties of.

8. Nanti, presently, shortly, often begins or ends a sentence.

especially in Indonesia. It

is

not

usoo

negatively

in

the fnture.

Nanti malam (I.), this evening. Nanti saya ooyar, waitl I'll pay .

9. T uka ug kebun, a gardener. 1

be

Kebnn,

as

he is called for

short

by

Europeans,

is

usually a Javanese or a Tamil. .

10. A

km

about to, 511all, will. often takes the place of an auxiliary

to fonn the future tense. Ta'ak

an

,

it

can't

be.

I L Or halas, to requite, to repay, to reply to a letter.

l Z. Kedai or mmah

(1. ), cha

udu, an opium saloon. Chandu, pre

pared opium, was a Government monopoly in Malaya, at one time.

,

,

•

. ,

J

.

EXERCISE

He will re turn at one o'clock,

Inche.

To- morrow, Sunday, we

shall go to church.

The ship will come in at six

this afternoon.

When

will

the stores close,

Majid?

TO-night

the

new K.L.

theatrical company will

perform.

Th e cinema will be over at

eleven.

Get rea dy my tunic-coat, I

shall go ou t 'for a walk.

Who is going to look after

the restaurant?

A

Hy

lam is going to open a

co ff

ee-shop.

This Cantonese woman

s

going to take up work as

amah to-morrow.

L ater on this afternoon

they

are

going to play

Rugby football, Osman.

In due course, I will pay

the gardener's wages.

Daud you

are

to use the

syce's kitchen by and by.

In time, the head-teacher

will reply to your letter.

The proprietor of th

is

eating-house is going to

use an old chandu-shop.

Dia nanti balck pukul satu,

Ench

ek

,

Bes ok. hari minggu, kita

(nanti) pergi gercja.

Kapal nanti masok pukul

anam pCtaug ini.

Bila gudang

1

nanti tutup,

Majid?

Malam jui wayang

2

baru

Kuala Lumpur (K.L.)

uanti main.

Wayang gambar

2

nanti

habis pukul sa-MIas.

Sial) baju

tutu

pS saya nanti

keluar lX rjalan.

Siapa nanti. jaga

kM

ai nasi

4

ito?

Sa

to

nanti buka

k

Cd

ai kop

i,

m Makau

6

Ill l

nanti masok kerju amah

bcsok.

N

anti.

8

pHang ini dia orang

main bola ragbi

e

, Osman

(Man).

Nanti

8

saya bayar gaji

tukang kebun. l

Da

ud

pakai dapor sais

nanti.8

Nanti

8

guru bcsar akan

10

jawab 11 surat engkau.

Tunn ki dai makan

4

m

nanti pakai satu kMai

chandu

l2

lam a.

M L Y M A D E E A S Y

M L Y M D E E S Y

45



LESSON 22

The Future

T

ense formed by the

verb

mao (or maim) to

wa

nt.

Th

e

future

is

al

so

freque

ntl y formed

by

the u

se of th

e

verb

mall,

to want, to wish to, to propose to,

will.

VOCABULARY

to follow

to lock, a key

to replace, a suhsti.

iku

tO

kunchi

lute ganti

to ask fo r minta

to help tolong

rig

ht

left

fin e, excellent

sho

rt

pretty

NOTES ON EXERCISE

kanan

kid

bagus

pendek

chantek

L

JUmp

a, to encounter, come across.

Blrj

umpa, to meet.

2. Balek, to return to. Case may

he

determined from the context

as well as by

the

use

of

prepositions. Salek, reversal, to turn. Halek

kanan, to turn to the right. Salek, back of. Balek pintu. behind the

door.

3. Sekoiah, a school. Gambar, a figure, an image. Slk

o13

h

ga

mbar,

a school for stuffed specimens, a museum.

4.

Glreja blsar, a big church, a cathedral. In

Malara

a Roman

Catholic Church

is

called G6reja P6ranchis,

th

e French, or Gl reja

SErum, th

e Eurasian Church,

as so

many of them are Catholics, but

in Indonesia GE reja Romsh,

5.

HEndak,

to

want, desire, a wish, an intention, is

also use

d for

'will' to form th e future and abbreviated to 'nak.

6. Minta, to ask

for.

t has the for

ce

of 'Pl ease' when prefacing a

r

eq

ues t and

is

oftcli used ' in

the

place of bawa, for 'bring me' or

'

give

me'. Tolong, to assist,

is

similar

ly

used f

or

please, e.g. tolong

tutup

pintu, please shut the door. There is no equivale

nt

of please

except

sib,

be pleased to.

7. ~ m p du

dok, a place to sit, a seat, an address.

8. Makan bEsar, a big feed, a feast. a dinner party.

9 . Mau, are to, requi red to, must. Suka mau, wa nt to. In

so

me

constructions mau stands for

to

only.

10 . Makan kEchil , a savoury, hors·d'oeuvre, little eats.

I I.

The

Ceylonese in Malaya consist of some Cingalcsc (Sinllalese)

merchan ts and numbers of Jaffna Tamils 'from north·east Ceylon in

ra

ilway or clerical employ.

12.

Or

elok, beautiful, handsome. Elok·lab, that' s fine.

EXERC

ISE

'What

do

you

want?

I

want

to ask for work.

We wa

{}t

to see the short

gen tleman.

To-morrow

shall return

to

ll

Macassar, Bo·sun.

\Vh

ere

are

the keys? mean

to lock the box.

To the right, Syce.

They

want

to go to the

Museum.

Follow

the

r

oad

on the

left;

we

wish to see

th

e

cathedra

l.

Very we ll, Sir.

Wh

o is going to take the

. Magistrate's place?

The

o

ld

District

Offi

cer

(D.O.)

Pekan

will act as

a substitute.

Please

help

m

e.

I

want

to

reply to this le

tt

er.

Bring a seat , these

peo

ple

intend to sit down.

Eight people are coming to

the dinner party to-night,

Ramasamy

(I am

il

.

You are to

pr

epa

re

someo

nice savouries, cook.

I wa

nt

to reckon up how

many napkins there are.

He

pr

oposes to cut o

ur

wages byo a dollar.

She wa nts to look at

this

prett

y Ceylon stone.

Apa mau? Saya

mau minta

kerja.

Kita mall jumpa

1

Tuan

pend

ck.

Besok saya mall balek

ll

Mekasar,

Wa

serang.

Mana

klUlChi? Saya mall

kunchi peti.

Kanan

sais.

Dia

orang

mau

pergi sekolah gam

bar.'

lkut

jalan kiri: kita

mau

tengok gereja besar

.4

Baik, Tuan.

Siapa hCndak t'i ganti

Tuan

Majistrete?

Tuan

Distrik

e

Op

sire (D.O.)

Pekan

lama

mau

ket'ja

ganti.

Minta

tolong.

6

Saya

mau

balas surat

ini

Minta

6

tempat

dudok,

1

orang

ini mau dudok.

Delapan orang mall datang

makan besa.r8 ini malam,

Ramasamy,

Kuki

mau

/ siap makan

kechil

iO

ha

gus.

Saya mall kira

berapa tuala

tangan

(nepkine)

ada

.

Dia

mall

potong

gaji. kila

sa-ringgit.

Dia

suka

mau

G

tengok

batu

selon

chanteklZ

ini.

46 M L Y M D E

E A S Y

?o.'I L Y

M D E

E S Y

47



LESSON 23

Do, Does, Did.

The auxiliary verb do , does, did, is not rendered into

Malay when preceded by an interrogative or when form

ing part of

a

negative sentence. (Lesson 32.)

When

used emphatically it can

be

translated

by the

verb ada, to be.

to

buy

to sell

to know

to take, to fetch

to search, to look for

VOCABULARY

beli

to deposit, to put

jual to raise, to

lift,

to

tahu

remove

ambil to borrow

chari to clean, to wash

to receive

NOTES ON EXERCISE

'aroh

angkat

pinj m

chuchi

terima

1. Apa macham, what sort?

in

what

way? how? Also

'H

ow

are

things? ' or

'Wha

t the dickens '

'What's

this '

2. Tengku, a prince or princess. Tengku ampuan, a queen consort.

Engku, a title of one of royal blood. Tuanku, your t..fajesty, a ruling

sovereig

n.

'ku, your highness;

yes,

sir

e.

Sultan, a sultan. Rijen

E.},

a

Regent. Radin (I. ), a prince; Pangernn, a noble.

3. Or gubi, to curry. Kari nasi, curry and

rice.

Rijstbfel

,:I

Dutch.

I\hlay cu

rry

meal. Komia, a rich, spiced meat stew, usually of mutton.

4.

TeJo( barn, new·laid or fresh

eggs

. Bam, fresh.

5.

SlIciah,

to be finished, is used in the sense of past, ago. Min

gg

u

sudah, the past we

e

k.

Tahun sudah, last

year

.

6. Ambil, or an\bek, to take, to remove, to get. \\ hen the object

is not already

in

the hands it

is

usual to add ambil or angkat, Ambit

ini

bawa

plrgi. here, take tllis away. Angkat ini

bawa

masok, pick

this up and take it in.

7. A

wo

rd m

ay be

stressed vocally or by placing it first

in

a

sentencc,

as

that

is

the empllatic position

in

a Malay clause. Bosar

·bll )

(umah itll . Big, indeed, is tllat house.

S. Or Mongerfi, to understand, from ern, meaning.

9. Angkat, to lift up, to take away, to bring

in,

to adopt.

10. Shekh, a Sheikh, a tcrm of respect ,

for

leading Arabs other

than Syeds. Shekh haji, a pilgrim broker.

11. Or tinggal, to live, to stay, to remain,

to be

left over.

12. Ada, is

it

a fact that, is employed colloquially

for

'do' in

questions.

Ada or

sudah, I did, I have.

13. Klropok, a IVa'fer of prawns or fish. Kcropok udang, a prawn

crisp. Udang, a prawn .

EXERCISE

How does one is one to)

cook

this,

Tengku?

Why

do .

you

want to know?

It's a Malay curry.

Where did Engku

put

the

keys? Who knowsl

H

ow

many fresh eggs did

you buy last week, Ah

Heng?

(a

Chinese).

Which land

did

you sell

yesterday?

How does

he

know your

house, Sir?

What do you want? I wallt

to borrow money.

What, has someone cleaned

this? The coolie did.

Who

went

to

fetch

the

young lady's slippers last

night? Sulong did.

He does eat mustard. Do

yOll und erstand?

I

did look for the lost

stocking

at

that tim

e.

Why did you take the rice

plates away, Hamid?

In

what year did you re

turn

to Labuan, Mydin?

Where do you reside, (Si r)

Sheikh? Acheen.

Did

your Majesty receive

the kropok? I did.

Apa macham mau masak

ini, Tengku?2

Apa pasal mau tabu? Ini:

karP Melayu.

Mana

E n g k u ~

taroh kWl

chi? Siapa tahu

Berapa telor ayum baru"

lu

beli minggu s u d a h

All.

Heng?

Tanah mana fngkau sudah.

jual kelmarin?

Macham mana dia tabu

Tuan

punya nunah?

Apa mall? Saya mau pinjam

wang,

Apa, ada orang sudah chuchi

ini? Kuli ada.

Siapa

ada

pC

rgi

ambito}'

sf lipar& l\lisi sa-malam?'

Sulong ada.

Ada

1

dia (or din ada)

makan m tad .

Tabu

S?

Ada

1

saya chad sctokingf "

hHang tempoh itu.

Apa sebab Hamid

sudah

angkat

9

pinggan nasi?

Tahun

apa Maidin balek

Labuan?

Mana To' Shekh

lo

punya

tbnpat dudok

?

Ac

heh.

Ada

12

Tuanku

2

tcrima

ki ropok?13 Ada.

' 2

48

l\'I L A Y l\'I D E E A S Y

M L Y M D E

E A S

Y

49



LESSON

24

Interrogation.

The

int

errogative particle kah. used as a su

ffi

x to

the

emphatic word in a clause, implies n

qu

estion,

but

no

inversion is necessary to express a

qu

ery.

In conversation kah

is

usually omitted as the tone of the

voice

with

i

ts rising inflection and

que

stioning emphasis

on tho requisite word is s

uffi

cient.

VOCABULARY

to sew jahit Ito faU

to mix champor to Keep, to store

to ' sweep, to wipe. to throwaway to get

to smear sapu

I

id of

to

run lari

to

br

eak in bits

to hear, to l isten dcngar

Ito

elease, to let go,

to quit, free

NOTES ON EXERCISE

jatoh

5imp

an

huang

polchoh

It pa s

1. tApas,

to

be loose, to escape ,

aftel .

Kllda Ifp3S, a loose or a

runawa y horse. tApas sa·bubn, after a month.

2. Kf lllej:a mab m

(o

r keras), still dress--shirt. Klr:a

$,

hard , stiff,

tough, strong

(o

f I

e:

ll drink), severe

(o

f illness).

3

Tu

bng

jahit

or tukang pakean (I.),

a

tailor.. O*rji, an Indi3.n

tailor, a durzce. Meshin jabit, a sewing-machine.

4. In Indonesia apa, what, is often used at the beginning of an

i

nt

errogative clause

to

denote a query. Apa chllana pendek $udah

sldia, are the sh

or

ts rcady?

5, Pukui

(o

r ambit) g.'llllim , to

tlk

e a photo. Pukul is used idio·

matically

in Malaya. Pukul

ta

lipun, to telephone.

6. Kah

is

nCl'e r used if it im pa irs

th

e b:Jlan ce of a senteucc. It

llIay

be

omitted from

all

tI

le

instances gi

ve

n whether in brackets or

not and is seldom used ill Indon

es

ia .

7. Simp;Ill , to store up, to hoord. to put by, to

pa

ck.

S, Keris, a kris, a da

gge

r, the Malay national weapon,

wh

ieh

normally h

as

a characteristic

~ v y

edge,

9. Salah. wrong, amiss, takes the I)lace of the Engl

is

h prcfix 'mis',

Salah pukul, to mi

s_

hit. Snap, a mistake.

10, Patah, to bre

ak in

m·o. Putus, to break (

as

thread).

11. The

word

is often rcpeated

in

ans ... CIS.

EXERCISE

What did he say? Is that

bull loose?

What's

tha

t Has the post.

. man fallen on the steps?

Have they run off home?

That's fin e

Has the co

ll

ar

fo

r the

dress-shirt been washed?

Has the tailor got the

shorts read

y?

They are

rea

dy

, Sir,

What, does he

int

end to

sweep out the bedroom?

Ha\'e you thrown away the

bath

wa

t

er

, Siti?

Drive on, Syce When do

we reach the iron jetty?

Wh

o

is

cl

ever

at taking

children's photographs?

Is dinner ready, Boy? It's

ready. Bring it

in

,

Ts that

the main Post

Offi

ce? Ri

ght

, th

afs

it.

Did you (poli te) hea r them

take away th

e

wa

rdrobe

(Mr

.)

O mar? '

What on " earth· arc yo u

putting

away? A krisl

Do

yo

u rea

li

se, Minah, th is

has been mixed all wrong?

r know, Miss.

. Has Inche heard that" the

bowl is broken? I've

heard

it.

Apa dia bilang?

Limbu

jan.

tan itu

I ~ p a s l -kah

?

Apa itu Orang bllwa pos

jntoh tangga (-kah)?

D

in

orang sudah lari

pulang

(

·kah

)? Bagu

s

Kolart'

m e j a

malam

:

sudah

chuchi (-kah)?

Tukang

jallit

3

sudah

sM

ia

4

st

lunr pendck (.kah)?

Sudnh sIM ia, Tunn.

Apa

,4 dia

mau

sapu

bUck

t

t mpat

t i

dor

(-kah

)?

Ayer mnndi. sudah hu ang

(

.k

ah)? Siti.

1)

Jal

nn

, sais Bila-

kah

kila

mau sampai jeti

ll ~ s i

Siapa-kah pnndai pukul

gamba tl budak?

Makan siap

G

Bo

y?

Sudah

siap. Angkat-Iah.

Itu-kah pas opisll M:sar?

Bt tul,

itu

dia.

Ada-kah awak dia

orang angkat almari

Che' Omnr? '

Engkau b ngah simpan

1

apa-kah?

Min ah (fI tahu-kah ini sudah

salah ' champor?

Sara

tahu, Misi.

Chc' ada dt ngar.kah mang·

kole sudah ptthah O? Ada

dcngar.

11

50

M L Y

?I.

'I D E EAS Y

M L Y M

ADE

EAS Y

51

EXERCISE



LESSON 25

The Creation of Transitive from

Intransitive Verbs.

Colloquially an intransitive verb can be given a transit ive

meaning

by

prefixing the verb k

as

i, to give.

a mosquito-net

VOCAB

U

LARY

keiambu a bird

tilam" a dog

mattr

ess

a cushion,

a blanket

a Bag

a pillow banta a cat

sclimut

an

animal

b ~ n d e r a duck

NOTES ON EXERCISE

bw-ong

anjing

ku

ching

binatang

itckO

I. Kas i, to give,

is

used in Singapore and Indonesia, but b:a"i, to

give, il

l

I'enang. Blri, to give. fUri tallu, to tell. ..

2. Kasi jatoh or bagi jalolI, to let fall, to drop, from jalo

li

, to fal l.

Kasi klluar, to gct

out

, to give out, to

put

out, to turn out, fro m

'kl i

wT,

to

go

out. (

Le

sson 50, Para. 6.)

3. Kas i baldi:, to give ood::. from balek, to go back. Kasi kembali,

to gi\'e back,

in

Indonesia, from kfmbali, to rcturn . Kas i pubmg, to

return to the orieinal owners, from pulan

g,

to return to one's starting

point.

4. SIflimut,. a

coverlet,

a

rug.

KaiD tlmp

at

tidor

or ehadar,

a

shee

t.

In Indonesia

slplrai

(D.), a bedspread, a sheet.

5. Kasi klchil, to r

ed

uce in size, from klehil, sma ll.

6 K

as

i pallas,

to h

ea

t

up, from panas, h

ot.

7.

Kasi

mab n,

to

feed, from malan,

to

eat.

8. Ka

si

masok,

to

let

in, 'fro nl

masok,

to

come in.

9. Kasi tengok , to show, from tcngok , to see.

10

. Kasi

ta

llll, to

te

ll , to inform,

fr

om b hu , to know.

11 .

Or

guling (I.), a bolster, from guling, to roll .

12. Kasi heM, to mend, to put right , from hetul, co rrect.

13. Bag i dua, to halve. Bagi tiga, to d

iv id

e in th ree, etc. Bahagi,

t o apportion, to divide, is pronounced bagi.

. Kasi malldi, to bath, from ma ndi, to bathe.

15. Anggor or ayer anggor, wine. Buah anggor, grnpes.

16. Kasi pinjam, to lend,

fro

m pinjam, to borrow.

17.

Or

kabu·k.:Ibu , tree·cotton, which

is

extremely buoyant.

Drop

the mosquit

o-

net at

night. My mistake.

Cet out a Turkish Rag; I

wish to

sec

it.

Cive back the two pillows

th

e day after to-morrow.

The washerman has re

turned

the

sheets.

Bring the n

ew

tablecloth,

Hussein;

I

want

to

make

it smaller.

Warm

up th

e duck;

we

will have

it

forO lunch.

Th

e garden

er

fed. the

animals. Excellent

Wh

o let the cat in? The

ayah did

Show me th

at

pretty bird,

Timah (Fatimah).

He wants

to

tell you that

O

the Dut

ch wife has ar

rived.

Th

at's good

Your wrist-watch

is

wrong.

Put

it

right.

Take' this money and divide

it

in two. Sign your name.

Th

e Tukang Ayer is

10

ba

th

th

e dog to-day.

Put

in

someo ice and cool

this bottle of wine.

Le

nd

me ' a kapok mat

tress n place of this on

e.

J,f.

1ro .E

.-

Kasi

l

jatoh

2

kl lambu malam

hari. Saya punya silap.

Kasi

k ~ l u a r

b ~ n d e r a Turki

saya mau Jibat.

Kasi bal

ek3

dua banta itu

lusa.

Dobi sudah leasi

pulang

kain

sl

limut.

4

Bawa kain meja

Hu

sainj saya

mau

kOchil .

bru"U,

kasis

Kasi panas

8

itck

j

kita ma

kan tcngah baei.

Tukang kl bun sudah kasi

makanT binatan

g.

Bagus

Siapa

ada

kas i masok

s

lruching? Ayah

ado.

Kasi tcn

go

k

9

burong chantek

itu, Timah

er

)

(

Mah

).

Dia mau kasi

tahu

lO

bantal

panjangll sudah sampai.

Baile

Jam

langan

l

ngkau salah.

Kasi bl tuJ.l2

Amha duit

n

hagi dua.

18

Kasi saine nama.

Tuk:mg ayer mall kasi

mandP4 anjing hari ini.

Tar

oh aise kas i sejok bolol

anggor

H

•

ini.

Kasi pinjam\6 tilm.n kapokl1

ganti ini.

5

M L Y M D E

E A S Y

M L Y M A D E

EA S Y

53



LESSON 26

The Verb bikin, to make.

In

kitchen Malay the Verb boon, to make, is also used

to give a transitive meaning to certain intransitive verbs

and to give a verbal form to various adjectives.

clean

dirty

wet

dry

hright, clear

VOCABULARY

berseh

kotor

basalt

kcring

t ~ r a n g

dark, darkness

easy, restful

difficult, trouble

bad, wicked

tired

NOTES ON EXERCI

SE

g ~ J a p

scnang

susah

jahat

pblat-

1. Botb bikin

and ka

si supply

the

place of the English suffix

cn

which chan

ges

certain adjectiv

es

into their corresponding verbs. Bikin

panjang, to make longer, to lengtllCn. Bikin si:Jp, to ge t ready. Bikin

berseh,

to

make clean. Bikin chantek,

to

make beautifuL Bikin 'besar,

to enlar

ge.

2. 'Make them clean',

The

pronoun

is

freq uently introduced

between the auxiliary and the word which i t governs.

3. W

..

ng

lelrtas, a banknote. Surat hutang. an I. O.U.

4. Bikin, or bllat

(I.),

for, for tlle purpose df, in order to. Sewa

tluat satu jam 1.), the hire for one hour.

5. In this conte:1It 'too small' and 'too long'.

6.

Baile

,

it

were

as

well,

it

would be a good thing.

7.

Ka5i

blsar, to enlargc. Kasi klchil api, to

tum

down a light.

8. Bikin

baile,

to

do a thing

well

. Bikin jallat,

to

do ill. Bikin

portret (I.). to do a portrait, to take a picture. Bikin mati,

to

put out (as a light). Mati, dead, extinguished (of lamp

s)

.

9.

Wan,

a title denoting descent from a chie'f.

10. Mari, come on, let's. Ayo (

I.

), or jum (Penang), come along

11. Tinggal.lah, stay put , an informal 'goodbye'. The word

slbmat

safe, replaces the English 'good' in such phrases as SElamat

jabn

farcw.el -to those departing, and Sllamat tinggai, Good·bye-to t h o ~

rCmammg. Stfumat. Good health I Sliamat tidor, Good.night, a

European usage,

12. Saiyid. a Syed, a. title given to all reputed descendants of the

Prophet, the

~ o m e n

being called Saripah, from Sharifah . noble lady.

Syeds and HaJIS arc called

Tuan

by Mala

ys

and so arc Saripahs.

13 . The Arabs in Malaya all come 'from the Hadhramaut.

EXERCiSE

Lengthen the dining table

Bikin panjang

1

meja makan

dua

kaki.

y" two feet.

Boy, get the seats ready and"

clean them.

I

intend to make

this

cush

ion look nice.

Take five dollars in paper

money for expenses on the

way.

Take away tlus

fi

sh for cook

ing into kedgeree.

My elder sister makes cakes

for sale.

His coat is too small and"

wants to

be

enlarged,

This stick's too long and"

needs to

be

shortened.

Your garden is dirty;

it

were

as well to clean it.

Th e damp shirt has been

dried out.

The

sittmg-room is dark;

turn up the light and

brighten it.

The food is to

be

nicely

done to-night.

To

do

ill

is easy: to do good

is difficult, Wan.

I

am tired of doing work;

come on, let's go home.

Good-bye ( I'm off.)

Farewelll

Tuan

Syed, re

plied the Arab, putting

out the light,

Boy, bikin siap1 b ~ m p a t

dudok kasi dia

2

bOrseh.

1

Saya mau bikin chantek

1

bantal

ini.

Ambil wang kertas

S

lima

ringgit bikin

4

b ~ l n j

jalan.

Bawa pergi ikan

ini

bikin

4

masak kijri,e

Saya punya k le k masak

kueh bikin

4

jual.

Baju dia

k ~ h i l

mau bikin

bcsar.

Kayu ini panjang,6 mau bi

kin pendek.

K ~ b u n

engkau kotor;

baik

bikin f*rseh,

Kemeja basah itu sudah

bikin kering.

Bilek dudok

kasl

b ~ r

terang.

ada

apF

gelap;

bikin

Makan mau boon baik3

ini

malam.

Bikin jahat8 sbtang:

buat

baik susah, WanD.

Saya sudah

penat

bikin

kerja; marpo kita pu

lang. Tinggal

ll

_lah

9

,

Selamat jalan

l

Tuan

Saiyid

U

, jawab orang

Arab,Is bikin mati api.s

54

M L Y M D E E SY

M L Y

M D E

E S Y

55



LESSON 27

The Passive Voice.

The

passive voice can always

he fanned

by

prefixing

the particle di to a verb in its root form.

In everyday speech, however, it is often expressed by

using the verb

k ~ n a

to incur, to experience, placed before

the verb.

VOCABULARY

to bite gigit

to seize, to catch,

to

arrest tangkap

to drive away halau

o

to shoot tembak

to

be angry, anger marah

to change, to alter,

to exchange

tuk r

to tie, to fasten ikat

to restrain, to stop.

to endure taban

to

tum,

to revolve pusingo

to steal churl

NOTES ON EXERCISE

1.

Or di.gigit

anjing.

bitten by a dog. Di·marah, censured, etc.

The subject of the sentence precedes the verb which

is

followed by

a noun

or

pronoun denoting the agent

by

whom an act is done, the

preposit ion by , however, being omitted but understood.

The

passive construction can often be avoided in conversation by employing

th

e ac tive voice.

Z. Kllpala, a headman, a leader.

Kitua,

an elder, a non-C<immis-

sioned officer. Kitua kampong, a village headman.

J.

Orang

salah, a wrong·doer, a prisoner, an accused.

4. Tukar,

to

transfe

r.

Tukar duit, to change money.

5.

J

ah. 1t,

vicious (of animals); dangerous (of disease).

6.

Or puur (I.), to

turn,

to

twist. Pusing klpala, vertigo . Pusing,

to

tum r.bout, is used loosely for to turn . Pusing kanan,

to tnm

righ t.

7. Tnkar,

to

interchange. Tukar kain,

to-

change,

to

dress.

8. Kompelli, company, government, from tile old East India

Company which

was

the Government whilst it lasted.

9. Oleh, by, emphasises the agent. Oleh slbab, by reason

of

. Dck,

by,

is

used by Malays CQl10quially for oleh.

10. Anak, an offspring, corresponds to the English diminutive ling .

Anak hurong, a fledgling, a little bird.

I I. Padi, paddy, the rice plant, unhusked rice, which

is

called

blras when it is hulled, and n

asi

when cooked.

12. Pusing, slang for to diddle . Terkena, to be taken in.

EXERC

IS E

I was bitten

by

a dog last

. month, Sharif.

The

labourers foreman has

inc

urred the

boss s anger.

People who

o

steal money

will

be

arrested

That

animal has been tied

up, Kassim.

An escaped prisoner was

caught to-day.

The ship s captain had been

transferred then.

The

bad-temper

ed

dog has

bcen driven away.

Your carriage is

be

ing held

up y the Police, Sir.

This screw wants to

be

twisted round, Aziz.

She is giddy, having been

struck by a stone,

In

the

middle

of

the night

Yacob s coat was changed.

Some government stuff was

stolen by Kuala Kungsar

folk last night.

Our

hedge has been eaten

by cattle, Pawan.

The

little birds eating the

padd

y were shot at.

We have been cheated

by

.

the shopkeeper.

Saya kena

gigit

anjing

1

bulan sudah, Sharif.

.Kepala

2

orang kuli sudah

kena marah Tuan dia.

Orang churi duit nanti kena

tangkap.

Binatang

ito

s

udah

kbl

a

ikat, Kasim.

Orang salah

3

lari kens

tangkap hari

mi.

Kaptan

e

kapal sudah kena

tukar

4

jam itu.

Anjing

i a h a t ~

itu sudah

kens halau.

Kerela Tuan ada kena tahan

polis.e

Sekeru

e

ini

man

kena pu

sing,

6

Aziz.

Dia sudah pusing kepala,6

kena pukul batu.

~ n g a h

malam baju Yakub

sudah

kena tukar.

7

Barang o m ~ n di-churi

oleh

9

orang Kuala Kangsa

sa-malam.

Pagar kita sudah di-makan

dek

9

lembu, Pa wan

Anak burong

10

twgah

makan

padill kena tembak.

Kita sudah Una pusingl2

oJeh

9

tuan kMai.

56 M L Y M A D E

EASY

M L Y M ADE E AS Y

57



LESSON 28

\

Th

e Verb

kba ,

to incur.

The same ve

rb

k ~ a to get, is used in conjunction with

a number of words to form short phrases, when it always

precedes the

word

it qualifies.

Kl1na

may also be used in combination with a verb to

give the mean

in

g of 'got to' or 'have to', 'must'.

wind

rain

smoke

ru,t

mud

VOCABULA

Y

angin

hujan

asap

karat

lumpor

li

me,

chalk

ink

o il , grease

paint

wax, a cand1e

NOTES ON EXERCISE

kapor

dawat

minyak

chat

lilin

1.

Apa Un a, .what

has

happened or occurred? why? In the rc\'ersed

form of kina apa, shortened to Unapa,

it

is a common word for

why? what's wrong?

Al so mlngapa,

why?

Z

An

ak, a child,

in

compound words sometim es describes the

relationship of a

co

mponent part to the whole. Anak tangga, a step,

a rung.

An

ak kUIlChi, a key. Anak wayang, 3

actOr.

Anak sfkolah,

school children.

3 Or kapor. whiting. Sapu kapor, to whitewash.

4.

Sapu chat, to paint (as a house). Kina sapu chat, pain ted, trea ted

with paint. S ~ p u oornis to varnish.

5. Or minyak tanah, crude petroleum . Minyak benzin, petrol.

Minyak tn, tar. GI_noli.: (1.) , grease, fat.

6.

~ b a , a Straits·born Chinese man.

Nyon)-ah,

a Straits·born

Chinese woman. Both are

used

as modes of address.

The Straits·born OIinese, predominantly Hokk

ie

n by descent. are

a

very

progressive, welJ-educated

co

mmunity.

7. Or

di·

malcan brat. rust-eaten. Tahi hlsi, rus t. Tahl, ordure,

dregs, mucus. Tabi lImbu, cow ma nure.

8. The pr

esen

t participle ' ing' in English is

eJ:pressed

by the verb

in its root form,

e.g.

pabi,

using, but the genllld , when the subtect

of a sentence, is sometimes distinguished by itu, that. Churl ito salah,

stealing

is

wrong.

9.

Bwns,

to discard, to remove, to expel. to dismiss, to subtract.

Tohk, to push, to subtract.

10. Tahi , an addict. Tahi minum, :\ drunkard. Kaki or tukang

(I.

)..

a gOCId hand at. Kaki minmll, a grea t drinker.

11. Jatoh sakit, to fall ill Kina

saki

t, to get

sick.

EXERCISE

What's the matter? Have

you los t your job?

Why are these steps broken,

Wa

' o

ld

man)?

This writing room gets the

afternoon sun (wannth).

Th

e

pr

au met with

a stiff

breeze yesterday.

These brushes will get wet

with rain.

That lamp chimney is black

with smoke.

Your white shirt is ink

stained, Sir.

The

ann

of

his

coat

is

dirty

with whitewash.

My trousers are splashed

with mud.

The kitchen table has got

candlegrease on it.

Wood that has

been

painted

lasts a long time.

You must go and fetch two

tins of kerosene.

Baba, you will have to pay

the broker's commission of

t n

dollars.

Why

is

th is knife rust

eaten? Get rid of it byo

using powder.

The Nonya

has

had to

r e ~

turn to look after her

drunken son who

o

is

ill

Apa

kma '?

Sudah buang

k ~ ; a · k a h ?

K«mapa

1

anak g g a ~ ini

p<lchah, W

a'?

Bilek tulis ini k ~ n a panas

¢tang.

Perahu

k ~ n a

angin

k6ras

kt' Imarin.

B us

e

ini nanti basah kl na

hujan.

i m ~ i Jampu itu hitam

kena asap.

Tuan punya ktmeja puteh

ada

kena dawat.

Tangan baju din kotor

kma

kapor puteh.

8

Seluar saya sudah

kooa

lumpor.

Meja dapor

ada

kt' na min·

yak lilin

Kayu kooa sapu chat' tahan

lama.

Engkau kena ~ r g i ambil

dua

tin

e minya,k gas.

1

Baba' nanti kena hayar

kamsen

e

bt rokare sa-puloh

ringgit.

Mengapa

1

pisau ini makan

karat

7

? Pakai

8

podare

buang, '

Nyonyah

6

sudah kcna balek

jaga anak.

dia

taN

minum

lO

jatoh sakit.

l l

58

M L Y M D E

E S Y

M L Y M D E E SY

59



LESSON

29

Adverbs.

\

Adverbs qualifying verbs occupy much the same place

in the sentence as in EnJPish.

Adverbs of degree whI ch qualify adject

iv

es

and

other

adverbs stand generally before the word they qualify with

the exception of sakaIi, most, and sahaja (saja), only. wh ich

invariably follow.

VOCABULARY

more, plus

l ~ b e h

certain, definite tbltu.

less, insufficient kurang many, much banyak

complete, enough. exceedingly, too

sufficient chukup much

t ~ r l a m p a u ·

more, again, still, very, quite, most,

yet lagi altogether sakali

a little, few sedikit only sahaja

or sikit

NOTES ON EXERCISE

1. When 'more' implies another portion,

Iagi is

employed, but

when

it

means

in excess

over a certain figure, llbeb

is

used, though

lagi is

common

in

some cases .

Tiga tahun l.Jbeb, morc than three

'l'iga tahun lagi, three years more. Maseb, or masi (1.), still.

Maseb lagi , while still.

2. Kurang baik, not

so

good, not up to much, inferior.

3 Tllrlalu

(I. .,

surpassingly, very. Lalu, to pass, past, after. Bulan

lalu, the past month.

Th

e prefix tm: to an abverb impli

es

'most'

(Lesson 50. Para. 4

).

Tllrllbeh, most.

4. Banyak, a lot, a quantity, in number; very,

in

bazaar Malay.

Banyak sedikit, a good few. Ta'banyak, few.

5. "When habis

is

used with the auxiliary word mdah,

but

is

placed

after the main verb, it means altogether,

alJ.

6., Habis, total, complete, utter, entirely. Habis bodoh, an absolute

fool. Habis bulan, at the end of the month.

7. Pandai buat, clever at making. Where a preposition is required

in English between an adjective and a verb dependent on it none

is requisite in Malay. '

8. Saliaja, pronounced saja, just. Ada saja. 'it's laid on'.

9. From dikit, small quantity. Sa·dikit, a little.

10. Sangat, very, norrmlly follows the word it qualifies, but am3t,

very, precedes it unl

ess

it means

too ,

EXERCISE

I

have

heard enough.

What

else

is

o there"?

It

's over.

You have swept only a very

little, gardener. ,

Gh'e

this child someo more

pudding. She's very good.

\Ve

want

more wages.

How

much more?

They will certainly be

banished from 0 the state.

The couch

we

bought the

other

day

is inferior. The

Kuala Lipis one.

That Sundaneso woman is

exceedingly pretty.

The onlookers were a fair

number last month.

Wait a little while, I want

to read all the letters.

You are a complete idiot.

Look at this pocket

his

cook

is

very good

at

O

making sauces,

The price is only about one

hundred pounds,

What's Wrong in° asking

for more

O

?

Ifs

very little.

Does that shop stock tinned

goods? They're all o there.

By the end of the month I

shaH be well.

Saya sudah dl ngar chukup.

Apa lagi? Sudah habis.

Tukang kebun

sudah

sapu

slldikit saja.

Kasi budak

ini

IagP puding.

e

Dia

baik sakali.

Kita

mau

H beh

1

gaji. Bl r

apa banyak lagi?

Dia orang Mntu

kbla

buang

n ~ e r i

Kaus'" kita bcli kelmarin

kurang baik.

:l

Kuala Upis

punya.

Pm-empuan Sunda itu

t -

lampau

3

chantek.

Orang lihat slldikit

banyale '

bu1an lalu.

s .

Nanti sikit jam, saya

mau

bacha surat habis.i i

Engkau satu orang habis bo

doh.s Tengok poketo

ni

Tukang masak ini banyakt

pandai buat< sose.

Harga Mbelt kurang sa-ratus

paun

e

saja.

8

Apa salah minta lagi? SlXIi-

kitt' sangat.

10

Ada-kah kedai itu simpan

barang tin? Ada saja.

8

Habis bulan

s

ini saya narlti

baik.

60 M ALAY M A D E

EASY

MALAY MADE

EASY

61



LESSON 30

Adverbs of Place.

An adjective may be used as an adverb

witho

ut ~ n y

change of termination. The r ~ s a - ~ l a h ~ on one

side,

towards,

is

commonly used

in

conjunction w1th the

ad

verbs

of place to form an adverbial phrase.

h

ere

th

ere

the middle

above, on

below, under

VOCABULARY

sini

situ, sana

t ~ n g h

atas

bawah

inside, deep, in

dalam

outside lu

ar

in front, before d4 pan

behind, the back be lakang

the side, edge tq,i

NOTES ON EXERCISE

L Sa.tlngah, or s4'paroh 1.), a half. and so 'partly' ,

2. Sana, over th ere, is used commonly for situ, there .

3.

Bawall, beneath, downstairs. Atas, above, ups

t:lIIs

... Atas sakali, the

very

top. Sakali r

ep

resents the Enghsh

suffix

'mosf .

Bawah

sabli,

bottommost.

5.

Or h:adapan, in front. Hadapt to

fa

ce. Mingadap, . to appea.r

before, a levee.

Tln

taog. facing. Mob,.

frOnt,

outer sur'bce. 01-

muk

a in

fr

ont .

6.

A

Res thouse or

p:lSa

o

gglrlloh:1D (I. ., s t n ~ s for a g o v t

m

m ~ n t

building for officials on tour, wh ere no o

th

er SUitable accommodation

exists.

7. Apa kurang, what's lackin

g?

what s wrong? .

8.

Or

raya, great. Hari rlIoya , a feas t-day, a

? a Y ,

,

9. Banyak takes

th

e place of

the

English termmatlon y meaning

'full 0 ( . Banyak ootu, full of stones, stony.

10. Makan angi n, (lit.) to ea t the air,

to

take .the air.

II.

Depan, n

ex

t, wh en used

in

..connec?on w

lt.h

dates. ,

1

2.

PanggU to desi

gn

at

e,

to

in

V

te:

~ D t panggil .apa, what s th is

called? Ajak, to invi te.

Jlmput,

to IDVlte to ask m. .

13. Pahit, bitter, an d so in European

c rcles

any short drmk or

appetiser

in

wh ich one puts a dash of hitters. . .

14 Helah, to split in two,

to

c

ut

open, to ope.rate;. a side, a .5«:t.'on.

$a·bllab marui, wh ere? Sa·W\ah s:ma, on that Side, In that d

irec

tion.

Tang (for tentang) mana, whereabouts?

I ). Tawh balek, to put back, to replace. Halek sana, beyond.

16.

eberot or

eblrotu, a eheroot, a

cigar.

EXERCISE

How many times have I

said 'Come here'?

Put the buttons partly here

and partly there.

Go and sit over there on

the easy chair.

Help him to

cl

ean the

windows down below.

Place the raincoat on top of

all, Orderly.

Th ere is still some petrol in

fr

ont of

the shops.

You go outside and wait

behind the Taiping Rest

house, Ah Kow.

What's the matter? I've

sought for the washing

li

st high

and

low.

The main road on the other

side is two miles long

and

o

fu

ll of stones.

This bag is heavy; put it a

little on one side.

Take the right-hand road;

w e want to have an out

ing

(g

o for an airing).

On

Tu

esday next have

asked two people to dine

at home.

Place the pahit-table back

towards the centre.

Inside, on the ceiling, there

are many small

in

sects.

Half-way down the road

there is an old man seIl

ing Burmese cheroo t

s.

Derapa kali saya sudah

biJang 'Mari sini'?

Taroh butang

e

sa

.tengah1

sini sa-tengah situ.

~

dudok sana

2

atas

kl rusi maIas.

ToJong dia chuchi jendeIa

bawah.'

Taroh baju hujan atas

sakaIi\

Odeli.

Ada lagi minyak benzin de

pans kedai.

Lu

pcrgi luar nanti M li-

kang reshaus

ll

Taiping, Ah

Kau.

Apa kurang

7

? Saya

sudah

chari l

ise

dobi atas

bawnh

JaJ an besar

s

s ~ b c r a n g sana

ada dua bam p n j n ~

banyak batu.'

Beke ini berat; taroh sa

Minh

t ~ i

soot.

Ambil jaJan s a . - b ~ l a h ka-

nan; kita

mau

pergi

makan angin. l0

Hari dua d ~ p a n l l saya

sudah panggil12 dua orang

mnknn rumah.

Taroh meja pahit13 sa

belah

14

t ~ n g a h balek.Hi

Dalam,

atas silinge, ada

banyak binatang kechil.

Sa.tcngah jaJan ada satu

orang tua jual c h ~ r u t l l 1

Berma.

62 MALAY M A D E E A S Y

:

MALAY

:MADE E A S Y

63



LESSON 81

Adverbs of Time.

Adverbs of time

nr

c used with the demonstrative pro

nouns to obtain a more immediate significance.

Adverbs can also be formed from other parts of speech

. by

reduplication or the use of the

pre.fix

sa, one, or

by

a

combination

of

both methods. (Lesson 47.) .

now

a moment ago

formerly. pre-

vious, past

a fterwards

a mome

nt

VOCABULARY

sckarang

tadi

dahulu. or

dutu

k ~ m u d i a n

s a · k ~

seldom

ever

not

yet

sometimes

always

NOTES

ON

EXERC ISE

jarang

pemah

b61um

kadang-

kadang·

s ~ l a l u

1. A load or ' ful' is translated by prefixing sa, a. to the required

wo

rd: sa.

k lm .

a ca rt·load, sa-piuggan, a plate

ful.

2. SiklIrang ini,

at

once, just now. U ·ini, nowl

3.

Nanti dulu, to wait a while. Jalan dulu, to

go

ahead. Ubeh

dulu,

first. Duln, before. Mula·mula, to begin with.

1. Pronounced thus. Bflabng, next. Habis. 2fter that.

5. Pfbmg·pitang,

every

afternoon. Reduplic:ltion

of

the word fo r

a day. a month. etc., replaces the English suffix 'Iy'. Bulan·bubn

monthly. Hari·hari or sa·bari.hari, daily.

6. Dahulu,

last,

of dates. Tahun dulu, the past

year.

7.

Sa.banyak, as ma ny as. Sa-lama or a-Iag i, so long as.

8. BElnDl

, yet. BElum lagi, not so far. Sa-hilum, befor

e, in

point

of time.

Bllum

is

often

used instead of a direct

negative.

9. Silalu, often . Kemp or sfring leali

(1.),

frequently .

10. Kfjap, to

blink.

to wink. Sa-bfntu (I.), a moment.

II. Tcmpo.tempo I

).

at times. Sa·kaIi ·kaI i, occasionally.

12. Chukup, fully, altogether, quite, in every respect.

13.

BElum pimah,

never yet

at

no time. pfmah is

generally used

negatively.

T

a' pima

h,

not

ever, never.

14.

\Vhen 'and' joins two

verbs

and the subsequent action

follows

immediatel

y,

it

ma

y

be

translated

by

Jangsong, straightaway, or 1a1u,

directly after, or

Janu

s (I.), forthwith.

EXERCISE

Wh

at do you

want

to buy?

A cartl

oad

of

lime.

At the moment I'm bathing

as

it is

already late.

011

this

occasion only, she

wants to borrow oil.

Go to the Bank first

and

then return by tram.

Wait

a bit; I

want

to light

a candle in

th

e kitchen.

He seldom shoots sn ipe of

an

afternoon.

Last week th

ere

w

ere

as

many as ten handcarts

blocking the road.

He likes to

play

cards daily

whilst it rains.

Ha

s amah lea

rnt

how

o

to

sew

with the machine yet?

How do you hope to be

clever, Hashim, being

always

e e ~

Te

ll

me.

Has last

months

receipt for

house rent

been

received

yet? Not as yet.

W ait a moment; he has gone

to get mat

ches.

Sometimes before he goes

out he

locks

the front

door.

He

is

a

very good per

son indeed

and

o

never

angry.

Ju st now I saw a tongkang

(lighter) come in and go

Straig

ht

out back again.

Apa n g h u niau ~ l i

Kapor sa·kereta.

1

Sekarang inP saya mandi

sebab

sudah malam.

Sa·kali ini saja, dia mau

pinjam minyak.

~

benke

dulu

8

kemdian.

pal.:ai

treme

balek.

Nanti dulu

3

; saya

mau

pa

sang lilin dalam dapor,

Dia

jarang tembak burong

senaipe petang'pctang, I

Min

ggu . dulu'

ada sa·ban- .

ya1:

1

sa-puloh kereta tan

gan tutup jalan.

Din suka main kate sa.harl

hnri

sa·lama

ada

hujan.

Amah sudah belajar jahit

mcshin belwn

8

?

Macham mana Hashim

mau pandai, selalu' tidor.

Bi1an

g-Iah.

Rasite sewa rumab

bulan

dulu s udah terima belum?

Bcium lagi.8

Nanti sa_kejapl0; dia ada

p gi

ambit machis

e

•

Kadang.kadang

sa·b( lum

ll

dia

p ~ r g i

luar

dia kunchi

pintu de

pan

.

Dia satu orang chukup 2

baik, belum pernah

l1

mnrah.

Taw saya nampak tong

kung

masok

langsong

l

ktHuar balek.

6

MALAY

MA

DE

EAS

Y

M A L A Y MADE EA S Y

65



LES

S

ON

32

Affirmatives, Negatives a

nd

Prohibitives.

The direct affirmative la, yes, in answ

er

to a

qu

ery. is

considered abrupt and is generally avoided by an abbre

viated reply containing either the auxiliary or some other

emphatic word taken from the question.

Tidak

,

no, or ta', not,

is

a

sim ple

den

ial which

qu

alifies

a

se

ntence and precedes the verb or

its

aux iliary, bu t, as a

direct negative. politeness requires either a conventional

phrase or a nega tive sentence.

Bukan, no indeed, which

qu

alifies the w it precedes.

is an em

phatic

n

ega

tive implying th e op

poslt

e.

The prohibitive "

don

't is jangan.

Honor

ifi

c terms or sahaya, I, arc used as polite rejoin

ders in the affi rmative.

yes

no, not

not

don't

pe r

haps

VOCABULARY

all

fa

yn

tidak

bukan

jangun

burangkati

near

qui c

kl

y

slowly

NOTES ON EXERCISE

semun

jauh

dekat

Jekas

o

p ~ r l a h a n

L

8uk

:

III

, or isn' t there? isn't it? etc. In a negative

question bukau, not, asks for confirmation:

2.

Tidak ada, ta'ada or t

m ,

has not, IS not, are not, etc. T ada

bi

rh

ln

t

i,

CC2 e1ess. Tada asa

p,

smokeless. In Indonesia the contrac_

tion ta '

is

seldom

u

sed.

Oak, sh

ort

'fo r no.

3.

sA

al'llng,

ro-

night.

l a m

tadi,

last nig

ht

.

...

Saka li

.kali,

at

all, ever, fro m

saka

li, quite.

5. In questions the ncgative altemati\'e

is

often used.

6. Jalan

leaki

, to go 0 11

foot.

Jalan b ut , to go by

sea.

7. Bukan m

ai

n, no joke, ll

Y

very. Bukall sikit,

lots.

8. Or dl

l'llJ,

speed,

fast. Ch

lpat,

quic

k,

hurry

up,

soon.

9. Or memang, just, naturolly, as :I matter of course.

10. Potons, to kill an animal, to carve, to operate.

II.

M

asa

k. to

boil

(o f water). M6ndideh, to boil, to bubble.

n

A

colloquialism. Ya, O Ya Allah, 0 lo

rdi

EXERCISE

Co qu ite slowl

y,

Syce. Very

well, Sir.

There's more cake, isn't

there? There's no ' mo

re

,

Madam, it's all gone.

Perhaps the padre will

not return to dine this

evening. Yes, Sir

I hear that

O

the wharf is far

away. 111at s not

ltD

That new mosquito-net does

not belong to your mas ter.

I know it doesn't.

She doesn't want to Ji

ve

nea r there as th ere are

no shops. That's hue.

There arc no bolsters at

all. You know that, don't

r

ou? Yes, Sir.

AI men do not run fast; am

I rig

ht

or not?

Isn't

it

correct that"

he

won't go on foot?

es

That motor-car travels a t no

ordinary speed.

My, what a fooll He just

does not know how to

perform a Boy's work.

I

never carve the chicken

in the kitchen.

Is t

he

milk boiling or not?

Not as yet, Jenab.

A

dozen (ten) times

I

(am

ah

)

have told you

not to bi te tha t pin

No, not that wash-hand

b

as

in ; this one. Be sure

Jalan perlahan (or

~ I a n

sakali sais.

Baik,

Twn.

Ada

lagi keJ<e, bukan

t

?

Tidak ada

2

Jagi, M ~ m

sudah habis.

Barangkali Tuan paderi ta'

pulang makan maIam

sekarang.

'

Saya.

Saya dcngar wape itu jaub.

Tidak (or

Dak

2

) .

Kelambu

bam

ito bukan

Tuan engkau punya. Ya ,

saya

tahu.

Dia 'ta'mau dudok ~ k a t

sana scbab t'ada

2

ki dai.

Itu batar.

Ta'ada

2

banta panjang

sakali-kali.

4

Engkau tabu

t i d a k

Tuan.

Semua orang ta1ari I ~ s ;

h< tul

tidak' ?

Bukan-kahl hetul din ta' mall

jaIan

kaki&

B6tu1.

Moto-kar

ito jnlan bukan

main

7

lekas.

8

Bukan main

7

bodoht Dia

ta'tabu saja

9

bikin k&ja

boy.

Saya ' ta' ~ a h potong

lO

ayam da1am dapor.

Susu masak

t

tidaJc5? Bi ium

Jagi, Jenab. (r) (Zainab,)

Sa-pu1oh kali amah sudah

bilang jangan gigit pine

itu

.

Bukan mangkok chuchi

tangan itu; ini sarn o Yn.12

66 M L Y ·

M D E E A S Y

M L A Y M D E E S Y

67



LESSON 33

Prepositional Prefixes to Adverbs of Place.

The three prepositional prefixes di, at, in, OD; ka, to; and

dari, from, which correspond to the place

where

, whither,

or whence, an;, used in conjunction with

the

common

adverbs of place to fonn compound prepositions. (Ka is

pronoun

ced and

also

written

as

Di and

ka

are

true

prepositions of place which

can

be

prefixed only to n

ou

ns or adverbs denoting place.

VOCABULARY

an island

pulau

,ed

mmh

a plain, a

fi

eld

padango

yellow

kuning

a

hill

bukit .

low

ri;ndah

the sea

Iaut

different, another

lain

a riv

er

sungaiO

use, useful

gun.

NOTES ON

EXE

RCISE

1.

Bit hitam, b

lack

bee r, st

ou

t

Sam

pin, champagne, Creme-de

menthe IS bljau, green. Arak, arrack , spirits. T uak, toddy,

palm

wine. Sopi manis

(I

.), a liqueur.

2. Tanah, ground or floo r. Darat. land, interior.

3. DaTi, from, out, of, often replaces the English 'o·f'. Lagi, more,

is often used loosely for dari, from. .

4. Padang or lapangan (

I.

), an open

grassy

space, a playi

ng

field.

Lapang, empty, open .

5.

Tangkap ikan, to

ca

tch

fish

, to

fi

sh. Ornng tangkap ikan, a

fisherman. Kelong, a marine fish.trap, fishing-stakes.

6. Tanke, a well-to-do Cfiinese, the proprietor, the boss.

7. The Teochel'.'s are a Chinese people related to tIle Hokkiens

who come from around Swatow, in the

prOVince

of Kwangtung. Many

of them are fishermen in Malaya.

8. Bulan tlraug, a clear moon. Tlrallg bulan, moonl ight .

9. Lain, anothcr, other, else, usually precedes the v.ord it qualifies.

Lain

hari, another day. Lain bulan, next month.

10. Muda, young, unripe, a pale or light shade of co lour. Tua,

old, a dark or deep tint. Mcrah tua, a

da

rk r

ed_

1L

Sa

te, satay. gobbets

of

meat grilled on skewers.

12. Kong

si

, a syndicate, a par tnership, a Chinese guild.

13.

KaJi

(L), a river. Blta i, Batavia, now Jakarta.

14. Pla

ce pr

epositions are often omitted if the sense allows.

,

,

,

..

•

EXERCISE

The cabin s painted yellow Kilbin

e

ada sapu chat kuning.

di-da1am.

ithin.

I t is easy now to go into the

house.

Please fetch a bottle of

stout

from

inside.

I t

hurts to sleep on a

£I

oor

made of cement.

Travel very slowly up to the

top of this high hill.

Every evening we

tak

e a

stroll on the padang.

The fishennen have built a

house on the side of the

island

near the

kelong.

A Chinese towkay, a Teo

.

chew

from Tanjong Pagar ,

w

an

ts to catch

fi

sh .

Wasn't th

ere

a spirits s

hop

here at one time?

No,

it

was a toddy-sh

op

.

What is th e

good

of lifting

it from behind, you idiot?

Lower

it a

bit

first.

- \Vhen

o

th

ere'so a moon we

will go

down and

bathe

in the river.

Next

time paint

it

a

light

red outside; this dark red

is no

good

at

all.

Come and

have sate by the

seaside

near

the Hylam

Kongsi.

Nona's standing in front 0 £

the Kali Besar, Jakarta.

Go to the mar

ket

and see

i f there's no other meat.

M _M . E . 6

Senang silkarang masok ka

da1am

rumah

.

Tolong ambit sa-botol biro'

hitam

dan

da1am.

Sakit tidor di-

tanah

:l

bua

t

dari simen

.

Jalan

~ l a n p i l l a n ka-atas

bukit tinggi ini.

Ma

lam-malam kitn jnl

an

makan angin

di-padang.'

Orang

t

angkap i k a n

sudah

buat rumah di-tepi pula\

de

kat o n g . ~

Sa-orang

tauk

e

6

China

Techu

1

dnri Tanjong

Pagar mau

tangkap

ikan.

Bukan-kah

ada

kCdai

arak

l

di-sini dulu? Bukan, kildai

tuak.

l

pa guna angkat

billakang, bodoh?

reridah soot du1u.

dari

Kasi

Bulan Mrang8 kita

nanti

jalan ka-bawah manru

dalam sungai.

Lain

9

kaH sapu chat

merah

muda

lo

di-luar;

merah

tO

tua

ini

ta'guna

sakali.

Mari makan

sate

11

di-tilpi

laut dilkat

Hallam

Kongsi.

12

Nona

ada bilTdiri

di-depan

Kali13 Besar di-Jakarta.

Phgi pasar

14

tcngok

t'ada

kah daging lain?

68

M A L A Y M A D E

E A S Y

LESSON

34

M A L

A Y M A

DE

E AS Y

69

EXERCISE



The Preposition pada, at, to.

parts of speech other than

D

ounS and adverbs de

noting place pada, at, in,

OD,

is employed in place of di,

at

, kapada, to, towards, in place of ka, to.

Dan

,

fr

om, m

ay

also be joined to

pada

to form daripada,

from, before other th an place wo rds.

Th

e fo

ll

owing

pr

epositions

ar

e derived fro

m:

to

ar r

ive sarnpai until ,

up

to,

till

to let go lilpas · after

to replace ganti inst

ea

d of

to fo

llow

ikut according to, by

to divide bagi for

a reason pasal because, about, as

to

to ascend

to descend

t o shave

to think

to pull

YOChBUL RY

naik

turun

chukor

pikir

tar

ck

a tree

a

fl

ower

grass

a leaf

fruit

NOT

ES

ON EXERCISE

pokokO

bunga·

rumput

dauD

buah

1.

Or . naik

kapal,

to

go

on board ship, to travel by ship.

2.

Naik, to

rise

(of the

S J

1l or moon

), an

d turun, to

se

t. Also

klluar, to come out, or

tl r

blt, to emerge, masok, to

sc

t .

l Or t6ntang, concerning, about.

Ab n

,

as

to.

4.

Or-lU

g

cb:i

b p, people's talk,

ru

mour, gossip.

5. S

uda

h, It 1$ al r

eady.

Suda h itu, after that.

6.

Sa'PlInja

ng, the

whol

e lenath of, throughout.

7.

Jaub

ma

lam,

hr

into

tl

le night,

la

i

c.

S.

~ p u

huang,

sweep and throwaway, to sweep awav .

.9. Kaki lilin, a a ndle·stic

k.

Ka

ki

, a foot , a stand. .

10. Tl ugah·tl llgah . in the middle of. Anta

lll

between

II. Or sa.llingga,

up

t

o,

as far as . Hin

gga,

a'limit. .

12

Kapada, to, usually of persons,

also

pad:i , to. Apa pacb sara,

there IS to

me

or I a \ ~ .

Ib t

pad:J, to tie to.

1

3.

Bu nga, or klmba

ng

(1.), a bl

ossom,

precedes the na

me

of all

O \ ~ r $ .

BU

ll8a

lllya

or klmbang sl patu, a hibiscus a

shoe

·Rowe r

14 . Guoi, a

S3d:,

a

bag

mad e of hessian. Ka

U; gUDi,

sacking:

•

At that time he was still

shaving that lad's h

ea

d.

On Tuesday next

we

shall

go down to the ship.

The

moon

ri ses

at

eig

ht

o clock

of

an evening.

After t

hat

p

ut

sarno

wa

t

er

on the (grass) lawn.

As to the removal of the

fruit trees all the people

nearby know.

According to general romour

he has been in jail.

For th r

ee

months

he

has

not

ea

ten other

th

an

congee, owing to illness.

He we

nt th r

ough

th

e fields

to

ge

t

fl

owers for me.

Beca use of a little matterO

he has been cross all day.

After the show I shall want

to go home because

it

will be late.

Sweep away these leaves

after breakfast

Place the can

dl

e-stick amid

the Rower vases instead

of

the

s

il

ver

bo

wl.

Up

to this day he has not

as yet given

it

to me.

Th

e gardener has pulled

up

the hibiscus hed

ge

all

aro und compound. .

In my opinion he certainly

stole the gunny-bag.

Pada

jam

itu

dia lagi

chukor budnk.

Pada had

dua

di pan kila

nanti turon kapal.

1

Bulan naik pada pulrul

d ~ l p n malam.

Lepas

itu

laroh a

yer

atas

padang rumput.

PasaF' ambek pokok

buah

s4 mu

a orang dckat sudah

tahu.

Ikut orang punya chakap4

dia sudah kbta jel.e

Sudah

5

tiga bulan dia

ta'makan lain daripada

kanji pasal sakit.

Dia

pirgi ikut padang ambit

bunga

bagi saya.

Pasal sikit dia sudah marah

sa-panjang

6

hari.

Habis wnynng saya nanU

mau pulang

s ~ b b

jauh

malam.

7

Sapu buang

8

daun ini Mpas

makan pagi.

Taroh kaki lilin

9

di.tt ngah

u 1

lempat

bunga ganti mang

kok perak.

Sampaj ll pada had ni din

bcium bi ri kapada

l

: saya .

Tukang kcbun

sudah

tarek

keluar pagar bunga rayallJ

kcliling kampong.

Pada saya punya pikir tl:ntu

din churi

gunp

4 itu.

70

M A LAY MADE EAS Y

LESSON 35

M A

LAY

:MADE

EA

S Y

71

EXERCI

SE



Th

e

Pr

epos

it

ion

with.

D cngan, with, implies close association or proximit

y,

as

w ell as the means

by

or

with and

the manner in which a

-thing is accomplished.

Adve

rb

s of man

ne

r can

be

fonned

by the

employment

o

f

dengnn with an adjective.

VOCABU

LAR

Y

-to point out tunjok

to be afraid takut

to be bold.

bra

ve

b ~ r a n i

10 esc

ort

, to conduct,

to se

nd

hnntar

a command,

ten

ce

int

oxication

medicine

a

gun

a sen

hukum

mabok

ubat

10 marry kawin

the heart, mind

scnapang

hati

NOTES ON EXERCISE

1.

Mata,

an eye, an orifice . a focus, a mesh, the blade of a" ool f

weapo

n.

ADam

m

ati,

six

-<:

hambcre<l.

Z. Dlngan slnang, with ease, easily. DEogan lekas, with speed.

q uickly.

D4ng.1D mabok, in a drunken manner.

3. Pokok or pollOi) (I.), a tree, a shrub, a plant, al

ways

precedes

the names of the species . Pokok kayu, a timber tree. Pokok duriao,

the durian,

wi

tli a l

uscious

but odorous fruit. Daun is a ge neric

teon

for

$m

all plants and herbs. Lalang, a coar

se

grass. BlJubr, secondary

jungle.

4. Ka -mana. whithtr? where? K

a-

mari, hither, here. Ka or u-beJ.ah

.Tep

la

ce the su i x of direction ' ...-ard' _

Ka

.bllakang,

ba

ck

war

ds ,

as

tern.

Sa-bIlah laut, seaward.

5. Sus:I;h

hati, sorrowful, sad.

Saki

t hali, ill·will, to bear a grudge

:agai

ns

t.

Sinang hali, chee

rfu

l, happy. Hati, li

ver

.

6.

Jaugan sakali.

ka]

i,

don' t

ever,

never on a

ny

account.

7. Champor Mngan, to mi x with. Kawin dlngan, to be ma rried to.

V ith the exception of

dl

nga n,

wi

th or to,

the

prepositions which in

Engl

is

h loon pa rt of certain co mmon inmmsit ive \'erbs arc not

transla ted.

8. Cheti, a chetty, a money· lender. Th e Chettiars are a so uthern

Indian, Hindu communi ty of professional bankers and money. lenders

i rom Ramnad in Madf3s.

9. r kirim, to send. to despa tch. Hanlar, to co n\"ey.

10. Or

oOOt.

Kldai ubat 0 rumah

obat (I.

}, a che

mi

st.

•

•

,

t

.

.

,

to

l

,

f '

•

He

has gone

out with

the .

chief

clerk.

Go

downsta irs for a moment

with

all

of

them.

Armourer, bring

the

gun

.here tog

eth

er

with

t

he b t ~

cham

bered

r

ev

olver.

Hurry

up

t Don't

be

af

raid

and

come close

by me.

Wi

th

this

medicine in two

days

it w ll disappear

easily.

He

has

felled

that

timber

tr

ee

in

th

e blukar (scrub)

by

yo

ur

instructions,

Sir.

I n t e d out

some laIl

ang

gras

s)

close beside the

urian trees.

Cook some rice in fat

and

we

will ha

ve

it with

korma.

Where are you off to? Come

here for a mo

ment and

sit down with me.

Th

e painter wishes to give

notice

with

regret.

On no acco

unt

have deal

ings wi

th

m o n

~ l e n d e r s .

She is ve

ry

annoy

ed

with

her hus

band

.

He

said

in

a drunken wa

y,

.., dare to.""

Se

nd

this telegram quicldy

to

the

S

ecre

tary at Sun

gei Patani.

I wish to marry the chemist's

daughte

r.

Dia

sudah ~ r g i luar

dengan

kt-rn

ni

~ s a r .

Turon

ka-bawah

dt' n

gan dia orang

semua.

Tuka

ng

senapang, b.awa

marl s ~

dengan

pi

stol

e anam mata,t

Chepatl Jangan takut, mari

dt' kat

dengan saya.

Dcngan

ub

at

ini

dalam

dua

hari

dia

nanti hilang

dengan s.mang.

2

Dia s

ud

ah potong pokok

kayus

d i ~ J u k a . r

iht

den

gan

hukum Tuan.

Saya sudnh htnjok lala

ng

'

dekat

dengan

pokok

durian.

a

Masak nasi

minyak sMikit

kita makan

deng

an

k o r ~

rna.

Ka-mana

4

engkau pt-rg i?

Datang-Iah lea-mari· sa

bentar dudok

deng

an

aku.

Tukang

chat mau

kasi uotis"

dblgan susah

hati.8

Jan

gan

sakali·kali'

champor

dlmgan' cheti.'

Dia

banyak sakit

den

gan

laki

dia.

Dia

chakap den

gan

mabok

2

,

"'Saya

~ r a n i

Hantar

ll

talig&ame

ini

de

n

gan lekas

2

pOOa Seicritari

e

di-S

un

ga

i

Pt' tani.

Saya

mau

kawin

dengan

anak tukang ubat.

10

72

MA L A Y D E EAS Y

LESSON 36

'.

·

M A

LAY

MADE E AS Y

EXERCISE

73



The Preposition sarna, w

ith

, to.

Co

ll

oquially the wo

rd

sarna, the same, toge

th

er with.

is

used ex tensively as a preposition instead of dengan, with ,

and

kapada, t

o.

Pronouns and occasionally

n OUDS

in the objective case

after a transitive verb arc often put into a dative construc

tion in Malay by

th

e e

mp

loyment of sarna or kapada, to.

VOCABULARY

to disturb, stir kacha

u·

to

be

silent, to

dw

ell diam

to know a person

kmal

to promise, agree

to hold

janji

pt gll

ng

mil k

sug

ar

butter

bread

cheese

NOTES ON EXERCISE

SllSU

gul.

mlhltega

roti

keju

1. Kachan, to

mix

Ill .

to

'crea te confusion ; to both er, to annoy.

2. Sallu, to spread

wi

th (as butter or jam, etc.) .

3. U.oo

t

s inap:mg, lI

mmu nition . Ubat,

a mediCi

ne, a dru

g,

a

ch

em

i

ca

l, a p

ow

<ier, a e1larm.

4. Sarna, ident

ica

l, equal, along with, t

oge

ther. Sarna t

illgR

i, the

sallle height. Sama

.sa

ma,

all

t

oge

ther. Sama chukup, jus t sufficient.

Bawa sarn

a,

to ta ke alona.

5. Or dikd nak

$a

ma,

to

resemble. Hamp ir, nearly.

6.

Dabm tiga

du.a

, out of t

hree-

two , two·thirds. Fractions and

percentages arc often expr

esse

d th

us.

7.

In J

ava, be ca

reful, and awas, l

oo

k out

8.

Satll

saUla

laiD ODe with t ~ e other, eac

h

other. Puku l s:ltu s:ll1la

(or dlngall) d

u.a,

multipl)' one by two. .

9. Ka -dl'p:m, ahead, or akan datang. to come. OJ

lII

un (

I.

), ahead,

next.

H

ar

i

aka

n datang,

in

the

da

ys

to come.

10. Jallgao ti

da

k or jaogan ta', do not fail to. Janga o Ilbeh, don't

exceed

(the amount in question).

11

. Or nntok, an allotted portion; for, for the purpose of. In

Pcnang hab

ll

an, a portion, for. Bagian, a share.

1

2.

Dlkat, at,

in, on, in

oozaar Malay.

Ada

debt baj

u, is in the

coot. T

aro

h dikat meja, put it on the table.

13 . Ada sa

ID

a sara, are wi th me, or I h

av

e.

,

.

•

'.

•

•

•

I'

I

f

,

·

Stir up a teaspoonfu l of

sugar together with the

milk and give it to him.

Cu t a lit tle more

br

ead and

sp

read it wi

th

butter.

He lives with his

fa

ther at

tlle foot of the

hil

l

I

arranged wi

th

hi

m

to buy

some ammunition.

Up

to now he does n

ot

re

cognise (to) his wife.

Hassan, tell (say to) the

gardener to c

ut

the graSs

eve

n,ly.

Yes, Sir.

This ketchup (sauce) is

nearl y the same as ours,

isn't it? No, it isn't,

In two cases out of three

the hair is equally black.

Put all the low shrubs to

gether over there.

First of all, arrest him on a

warran t and then take him

with you to l poh.

Look out These horses are

vicious and" like to bi te

each other. Hold them.

In fu

ture I don't want toast

and cheese any more.

Next time, without fa

i1

,

bu

y

just enough m

i1k

fo r h im

and no more.

Th

e dog at home has never

disturbed (to)

him of a

night,

Aoo

s.

I have some" of

th

ese red

and

ye llow Rowers.

Kachau

t

gula satu si ndok

sarna

d4 n

gan susu, kasi

sarna dia

Pot

ong si dikit Jagi roti,

sa

pu

: sarna mc

nt

ega.

Dia diarn sa

rn

a dia puoya

bapa di·kaki bukiL

Saya s

udah

janji sa

rn

a dia

blli ubat

s

napang.$

Sampai

r n g

dia ta'kblal

sarna bini.

Has

an

,

bilang sarna tukang

k4 bun

potong

nunput

sarna tinggi.4 Tuan.

Kichap ini sarna

kita punya, bukao?

Bukan. .

Dalarn tiga duas rambut

sarna hitam.

Taroh semua pokok rbldah

sama

-s

arna

4

di-situ.

Mula-mula tangkap dia

d6ngan waren

e

habis bawa

pmgi sarna· ka-lpoh.

Jaga baik?1 Kuda ini jabat,

suka gigit satu sarna

lain,s

P4

gang dia.

Hari saya ta'mau

tos

e

sarna keju lag

i.

Lain kali. jangan tidak,

o

bell susu sarna c

hukup

4

bagj

l1

dia jangan Il

beh

.

lO

Anjing dekat

U

rurnah ta'

m h kachau sarna dia

malam hari, Abas.

Bunp:a rnerah sarna kuning

ini ada sarna saya.

S

74

MALAY

MADE

EA S Y

LESSON fr7

MALAY ?I.

·IAD E EA S Y

75

EXERCISE



Conjunctions.

Avoid complex sentences

and

so do away with

th

e need

for subordinate clauses.

A we ll-balanced sentence containing contrasted state

ments

will

obviato many

simple

conjunctions.

The conjunction

'and',

in

parti

cular,

is

omitted where

t

is

required

in

En

glish to

co

nnect se

nt

enqes

or

betw

ee

n

tw

o ver

bs

or contr

as

ted word

s.

Wh

en used as a copula

between adjectives it

is

replaced

y

lagi, in addition.

and

but, yet

if

0

when

VOCABULARY

dan

tct api, tap i

jika lau. kalau

alau

apabila. · hila

in vain, merely

only then, just

as

if,

like

pr

ovided that

time, when

NOTES ON EXERCISE

chuma

bah

atu

mac

ham

"

at

waktu

1.

Th

e adverbial conjunctions 'when' and 'where' are translated by

di

·

timpa

t or

di·man3,

at the place where, and wal:tu,

at

the time wh en,

:15,

whilst. Tcmpoh or masa, time, may be $ubs tituted for wakht

and

bila

used

for apabil.;a .

2. Or akan t ibpi , but , a variant of t .ap i.

3. Pinat a 'plnat, tired or not .

\Vh

ether

. . .

or not, can be express

ed by repeating

th

e

v."Ord

with a negative.

l\.'fau

b 'mau,

willY

·

Dill

y.

i. Takut, for fear that, lest. Supaya,

so

that Supaya jaug:m, lest.

Kalau·kalau, in

case th

at, if perhap

s. Jal lga

n d ia b 'dahmg, lest he come.

5. Or

¢rchuma, to no purpose, for nothing, grati

S, fr

ee.

6. Jikabu . . .

ab

u, whether . . . or . Atnu . . . ab u, either . . . or.

7. Or sipi

rti , l

ike

, similar t

o,

as.

Sa

·bagai, as.

8.

Or ki

rana, because. Ki

ratl;1 llpa, because

of what.

9. Bagai, a kind, like. Bagini (bagai ioi), in

th

is

way, thus. Bag i

ht

~

iht ),

Ji\.:

e

th

at, so. Bagaim

ana.

or bagim:lIl3, how?

10.

Lagi . . .

I

ag

i, or ma\.:in .

..

makin,

th

e more . . .

th

e more.

I .

Kalau

13'

, if they do not, unless. J

ika

, if.

1

2.

Chuma, just ,

is

often followed by

sa ja

, only. .

13

. Or

kib

slkalian, we all. Sigala, all , every,

th

e whole.

I i

.

The

'or'

is

omitted in rough estimates of numbers.

Co

and

get the soap and

show it to the barber

where he lives.

Wh

en I arrived she was

sewing at home,

But large and small, all of

them like it i f it 's sugar,

Wh

y are these khaki trousers

dirty

and

we t?

Whether you are tired or

not stick

t

out, lest

we

all fall asleep, Suleiman.

I tel

ep

honed to him just

W

in vain, when I heard

that he had returned,

Then

we shall know if you

are afraid or not.

When he

is

drunk his face

is as

red

as fire.

r

have a stomach-ache be

cause I ate too much,

That's so, but the more

people drive them away

the more they return.

Whilst I am

bere

be is quiet

like this.

Even Banjarese don't act

like that unless they bear

:I

grudge.

Th

at is t

Just 'i'ut in the milk, but

don

t

stir

it.

Furthermore, when the

Consul knows, there will

be trouble' for

all

of us.

She has come upstairs to

meet one or two people.

Pt rgi ambil sabun tunjok

snrna tukang ehukor

di-Mmpatl dia diam.

Waktu

1

saya sampai

dia

ada

jahit di-nunah.

T t tapi2 kt ehil,

sabli sub asal gula.

Apa st bab lruning

ini kotor lagi basah?

Pt nat ta' pt nat8 tahan-lah,

taku tt kita st mua tidor,

Su

leman (Man).

Saya sudah talipun sarna din

tndi e

huma

$, bila dt ngar

dia

su

dah

Bam tabu jikalau' takut atau

tidal<.

Apabila mnbok muka dia

merah maeham

1

api.

Saya sakit pt rut

s ~ b a b

malcan banyalc sangat.

Bttu1 bagitu

{or

bt gitU)I\

akan tt tapi2 lagilo orang

halau dia lagi dia balek.

Sa-Iagi saya di-sini dia diam

bagini (or

begini).9

Orang Banjar lagi ta' buat

macham itu1 kalau dia

ta'l1 sakit hati. 1tu dia.

Chuma taroh surn sahaja

12

tapi jangan kaehan.

Dan

lagi, bila Konsol

e

tabu,

nanti susah bagi kita

st mua.

1J

Dia naik mau jumpa satu

dua" orang.

76

M L Y M D E

EASY

LESSON 38

M A LAY

MADE

EASY 77

EXERCISE



The Conjunctions juga, also, and pula, so, then.

1?e words juga, for all

that,

as wen, also, and pula,

agam, so, then, why,-expressing surprise-are introduced

.conversationally in Malay to round off a sentence and

foUow the words they qualify.

to laugh

to cry

to examine

to believe

to be hungry

VOCABULARY

menangis

pereksa

~ r c h a y a

Japar

empty kosoog

full ~ n o h

gambling judi

leave, furlough chuti·

a court case, to dis-

cuss bic

hara

NOTES ON EXERCISE

1.

Ta 'sa lah, not gui lty. innocent, not to blame. Ta', not takes the

place of the English prefix 'un' or 'in', Ta' tentu u n ~ r t 3 i n

'fa'

chukup, insufficient.

.

2. K I I l ~ a r o : to be heard (as a case).

Apa

bichara IJllgkau, what

IS your opiOlOn? Blcha I'll, to have a talk with.

3. Juga, or jna, and ye t , o ften contains a reservation. Lama juga it is

a good long time. Bhseh juga, fairly clean . '

4. 'Since' may be expressed

by

a negative construction or the use ot

a word like 'after' or

be

Qmitted altoge ther when meaning 'as'. Slnlln·

iak or siiak (l ), since (o f tim

e)

.

Or kelang p

ap:an,

a. ~ w . m i l l . ~ e l a D blms a rice mill. Kelang

or

r

. .. a mill. Clling, to grind, t.o roll.

Ba

tu giling, a ·cur

ry·

stone. Kisa r, to

mov

e round, to revo h

·e.

Kisanm, a quem, a hand·mill.

6. Jam ini iuga, this \

'ery

moment, immediately.

7. Kaki li ma , 3 6\'e-foot way, a sidewalk, or shop arcade.

8. Tid 'apa (b.'ap;l), no matter, it's nothin

g,

never mind. Ta'usah f

b.'payab, there's no necessity, don't trouble. Vsah, need. Parah,

difficult, troublesome. serious

(o

f illn ess}.

9. Piti gamoor, (lit.) a picture box, a came

m.

10

. JIJ3lI, also, may commence a sen tence in Indonesia.

II

. In Indonesia

pl r

lop

(D.),

furlough, or pre

(D.), fr

ee.

12 . Main indi, to play at games of chance, to gamble.

13. Tanah koso ng, or empty ground, a vacant plot.

. 11 .

S a l l l ~ n g

a professional bully. Bangsat, a

vagran

t, a tramp, but

10

IndoneS ia a rascal, a thief, a

lxad

character.

I believe all the' same that

O

Saya p( rchaya juga dia

ta'

he is innocent, Noor.

Wh

ether he wants it or not

the case

o

must be tried

just the same in Brunei.

Much has been emptied out

but

it's full for all

that

The child wants some fresh

bread, and

butt

er

as we

ll.

It 's quite a while since he

worked in the saw-mill.

]t's not long since I had a

meal, yet I am very

hungry, nevertheless.

Just this very min

ut

e

he

stopped crying.

The arcade

is

pretty clean,

not having been used yet.

Never mind It 's

aI

the

same jf

we

go

or

not.

The camera's lost also

What's

to be

done?

Who

is

to examine into the

case of theft? He, too.

So

that's the reason

he

ran

off

with another man's

wife Now I know.

Again, we don't know

whether we're going

0 11

leave or not.

Why

. he's

got

cheek laugh

ing when asking for a day

off work.

Don't go gambling, then, on

vacant plots sioce sam

sengs (roughs) abound.

salah,1 Nor.

Mau ta' mau

kbla

bi

. chara

2

juga

di -

Be

nm

ai.

Banyak sudah buang

penoh juga.

Budak

ini

mau

roti barn

dan

mentega juga.

Lama juga

8

dia ta' k&ja

4

di-enjin papan

1i

Ta1ama

~ p a s

makan

M-

tapi saya bukan main

Japar juga.

Bam

jam ini jugal dia

r h ~ n t i m ~ n

g i s

Kaki

lima l ini berseh juga

3

beium pakai lagi.

Tid 'a

pa

8

1 Sarna juga

p

gi

atau

ta

'p(

rg

i.

P ~ i gambar

ll

hilang jug

a ,1)

Apa mau buat?

Siapa nanti pi rcksa kes

e

pasaJ churi? Dia juga.

Pasal

itu pula

, dia bnwa

lari bini orangl Barn saya

tahu.

Lagi pula, kita

l>6

lum tahu

jikalau pi rgi. chutill atau

tidak.

Berani pula dia t

ertawa

(o

r ketaw

a)

jam minta

lepas

le

erja sa·hari,

Jangan main judi

12

di.tanah kosong,Ja

banyak samseng.

14

pula

ada

78


LESSON 39

M A L A Y M A D E

E A S Y

79

EXERCISE



\

In t

erjections

and

the Particles

1:lh and

pun.

Th

ere are several interjections and pious ejaculations in

common use amongst the Malays themselves.

The intranslatable particle

lah

is suffix

ed

to any word

in

a clause which it is intended to emphasise. .

The

particle

pun,

even, though, too,

ma

y be

added

to

any part

of speech for em

pha

sis

and

is frequently

employed to balance lah in a clause.

VOC BUL RY

to pay heed pMuli to be mad

to feel affection for, to chatter, noise

pity, alas sayang to lie,

an

untruth

to love kaseh to rise, to get up

to be ashamed, shy maIn to be accustomed,

to hope harap usuaDy

NOTES

ON

EXERCISE

gila

bising

bohongO

bangun

biasa

1.

Sakali, indeed, exclamatory-h

ow

what Bltul, truly, very.

Binar, in truth, indeed, very.

2. Tlrim2 kasch, (lit.) I am in rece ipt of yOUf favour, and so

'thanks', an expression reserved for special services.

3. Chilaka, aceutsed, curse itl unlucky, a calamity.

4. Cbakal) pid ahan, to speak quietly or slowly.

5. Sombo

ll

g, pride, conce it, swank, stuck up.

6. Sayang, what a p

ity

denot

es

r

eg

r

et

ovcr the loss or was te; ka .

schan, kindness, favour; pity, from k

asel

l, to love, embodies actual pity

for some misfortune or hardship. Kfsian, how dreadful

7.

Piduli,

why worry

It

means

to

wony oneself olter, and

is

usnally

employed negatively. Ta 'piduli, not to eare.

8. Lapar ayer, or hans thirsty. Lapar Suso, to hunger for milk.

9.

Mah ap, to pardon, to excuse. AmpulI, to forgive.

10. Entah (entah), w\ \O knows, can't say, perhaps.

I .

Or mls

ki pUll

(I. ), althougll. SUlIggoh, true, real.

12. Pun . .pun, when repeated stands for neith

er

nor. Mao pun

. .

aUlu

(I. ) or ba ik .

. .

. maim plln, whether or.

13. Panjang UlIlor, length of years. This reve rsal of the norm al order

is

cornmOIl

in certain adjectival phrases.

14. Religious phrases are

co

nfined to Moslems.

Bi

smillah, In the

name of God--3 grace. Sa lam alaikum, peace IIpon yOtl-a greeting.

Va alaikum salam, and on you peace _ a reply Iu

sha

Allah, if Cod

wiIl

s it.

Ho

there friend,

get

uPi Hai kawan, bangun-Iah ;

it is

six o clock. H

ow sudah

pukul anam. Gelap.

dark

it is

sakalPl

Oh l my leg aches so. What Adoh sakit-lah kaki s y ~

an

awful storyl Bohong sakaIP

H e,rel take this money

and

Nah ambil-lah

duit

ini

bagi

divide

it

equally. Thanks. sarna. Tcrima kaseh.

2

Fie

aren t

you asham

ed

to Cheh ta'malu chakap kotor.

talk

fil

th. You wretch Chclakasl

Be

quietI Don't make a Diam-Iah. Jangan

buat

noise and speak softly. bising dan chakap pttrla·

What

arrogance han:

S o m b o n g

ehl

Wh..lt a pity

the

t

ea

cup's Sayang

6

mangkok teh sudah

broken. Never mind p ~ h a h Pi dulF

What

a sham

e they

arc Kasehan

6

J

dia

orang lapar-

thirsty indeed.

0

God aye

rS

be

tuJ.1 Ya

Allah

'Why excuse me,

it is

he Wah minta mahap,

lI dia·

wha

is telling lies. lah chakap hoboug,

It

's

just as well yo u arc Baik-Iah oogkau biasa den_

used to him. May bel gan dia. EntahlOI

He is

quit

e ashamed about Dia maIu·lah sekarang

it

now. Would you be- sebab itu_ Perchaya

Mln-

lieve

it

l

Why

nQ-t?

gapa

tidak?

Tho.ugh without means yet Sunggoh

pu n

t ada

duit

he is mad on gambling all tapi dia gila main judi sa·

night long. panjang malam,

Even that I

don't worry

Itu pun

saya

ta ptdulF

about

if he was not always kalau dia ta

minwn

drinking spirits. arak selalu.

H

er

husba

nd

is neither good Laki dia baik

pu n

12

tidak

nor ba

d. jahat }lun

2

tidak.

Besides, she does not care Lagi pun, dia ta ' sayang:

for her child. That s it. anak dia.

lt u

·lab

I, too, hope that you, Sir, Saya

pun

harap

will have

a

long life. panjang umor.

8

Please Godl

Allah

H

Tuan

Insha

80

M A

L

AY M A D E EAS

Y

LESSON 40

M L

Y

M D E

E S Y

81

EXERCISE



The Verb boleh, can, to

be

able.

There is no exact equivalent in Malay for the English

words, could, should and would, or may and might, but

they may be expressed by bolch, can, to be able, or the

use of a conditional clause.

The verb daps t, to obtain, to get, has sometimes the

force of bolch, can.

sa

lt

peppe

r. a chilli

a vegetable

a potato. a tuber

a kind, a species

VOCABULARY

garam

ladn°

sayar

ubi

o

ban

gsa

an onion

a bean, a pea

a mat-awning

a cigarette

tobacco

NOTES ON EXERCISE

bawang

J.:achang

kajang

rokok

m b k u

1.

Sambal, condiments or side-d ishes served with curry.

2,

Boleh juga , it can he

dO

lle. Bolch tahan, endurable, In

Iudonesia bolcb, ca n will, and bisa, ca n, to be able.

3.

Lada or rnlricha (1.), pepper. Lada is

also

a chilli

in

Siugapore.

Chab:li or lombok

t ).

a chilli, a hot pepper.

. Mana bolch, how

is

it possible l nonsense of Ufse not Mas:

(1.) , is

it likel

yl Masabn

,

it

is

imp obable. .

5. Sib

iu pagi, always

of

a mommg, e\·ery mommg.

6. Call ' may also be expressed y the use of roundabout. pi, rases

involving the employment of tahu, to kllow how

to,

pandal, to

be

clever

at ,

or biasa,

to

e

accuslomed

10, ctc.

7. Plreksa 10 look thoroughly. Ku

ra

ng plreksa, I ha

ve

not gone

properly into 'the matter, and

so,

' J don t know'.

8. Apa boleh buat, what can

e

don

e?

Th

ere is nothing to

be

done about it. t

ca ll' t be

helped.

9. Ta 'dapat tidak or hI'boleh tidak, must,

ce

rtainly.

10. Or ubi kl nlang, a potat

o.

In Indonesia k6ntang, a potato and

ubi, a sweet potato, whilst

sayor.a

n is vegetables.

11 . Ini ada, this i

s,

here are. Sini

aw

, here are.

12. Kal au

am

i. if there is any. Kalau 52)"a,

if

it were me.

13. Makan rokok or minum rokok (I.), to smoke. .

I i . Dapat, to manage. Si mpat or w n (Penang), to have the bme.

T a slm

ya

t

to ha

ve

no time or opportunity.

1).

S l k ~ r a n g or

ka

r:Jng, presently , directly, shortly.

Can you come t

o-

morrow

night to help,

Boy? Yes.

Are you able to eat curry

and chilli sambal, Sir?

I can mana

ge

it, but don't

put in too many chillies,

(e

lder) Peughulu.

How couJd II

r

shall ee

r·

tainly see about that.

Can you get beans and

onions at Kuantan?

I think I may be able to,

as those kinds of vege

tables are seldom lacking.

I can usually get some cab·

bages every morning.

Can

you

bu

y any cauli·

80wers? It's uncertain.

Does he know how to make

a kajang? I can't say.

f he's no good. it can't

be

help<>d , Karim.

Most certainly he would like

to store away these pota·

toes i f he could.

H

er

e

are

the keys; go and

look well in the godown

in case there is some salt.

r should like to smoke a

cigarette, if I may?

He might be able to tell

you where there is a shop

seIling tobacco.

f you can manage it, come

up to the house presently

and sit down, Sir.

Boy boleh datang besok

malam tolong? Boleh.

Tuan boleh makao karl sama

sambal lada?

Bolch juga, tapi jangan

tarob

t ~ r l n m p u

banyak

chili,S To' Pcnghulu.

Manu bolch

4

Saya Motu

jaga tcntang itu.

BoJ eh dapnt kachang sarna

bawang di·Kuantan?

Saya pikir barangkali boleh

schab sayor bangsa ito

jarang t'adn.

Saya biasa dapst sayor kobis&

selalu pagi. S

Dapat ~ n g k u sayor

bunga kobis? Ta'U ntu.

Din tahu

6

bikin kajang.kah?

Kurang pcreksa.

7

Kalau dia tu'pandai apa

bolch buat,' Karim.

Ta

'dapat tidak' dia suka

mau simpan ubp o ini

kalau boleh.

Ini ada

kunchi; pergi

e k s T dalam gudang

kalau ada t2 garam.

Saya mau makan rokok

13

kalau bolch?

Dia barangkali bolch kasi

tahu dimana ada kMai

jual

Kalau dapat'4 Tuan da·

tang di..rumah k r n g

dud

ok.

82

M A LAY

MADE

E A S Y

LESSON 41

The Verb indi, to become.

MALAY MADE

EASY

83

EXERa

SE



TIl e verb jadi, to become to ha.

'he. to do, to serve is ex t . I ppcn, to take place to

Malay in a variet), of ~ : : n ; . empl

oy

ed

in l 1 o q ~ a l

fat, plump

thin, skinii

y

sw

ee

,

sow-

-evidence, proof

,

VOCABULARY

gtmJok

I

xpensive

kurus cheap

manis late, slow

masam· gain, luck

saksi loss

. NOTES ON EXERCISE

mwl

row-ah

lrunbat·

untong

rug;

. 1. JaIli·Jab , it is en0"8b or suffi' t th

Jt

cannot happen or

co

me

bo

t

~ c n .

at will do, Ta'boleh ad

wo n't rise (of

bread)

T ~ ~

i t

won't do,

it

is lIot a succes

~ ~ ~ n used for shall ~ o t 0: s6ao't CO 'faill

~ : i n g .

to be

off,

and' :

J...., may

be. . ....

gl. shall you go? Boleh

.2. Ch inese

nam es

con sist of 1

wl

uch there are a limited

I r

c

an

or surname such

as

Tan of

71ame in genera] use e g B

DU

1 . and a double.barrelled

p e ~ n : t 1

BUD

. ceug.

Often the d i ~

uo

:

cll8. so

that

the full naq{c is

Tan

nam

es,

e

.¥

. Ah Keog. mubve Ah replaces one of the perwnai

3. ]adl, to be in any state .

what are you? Jadi orang

b1i

saro

r

t c c b : : p a o ~ , to be bom. Jadi apa

r . ~ h t } a p p e n e d ? what was the ~ ~ l t ? H a : 1 ; l ' S Q n a g c . Apa jadi'

If

uay. .Lahir, born. ' I or

wri

lah ir

(I.), ;

• .of. H< wn, HoH:ien, the Fukien P . . '

.15 ch ief port. The HokJ::ien J?"11lCe ChUla of which Amoy

f

.n

dlCS and Malaya where

tlley

m ~ l ( ~ : ; lar

ge

numbers to the

tlOn so that a number of H J::l( With the res

id

ent popula

jn Malay. 0 len wor

ds ha

ve become

in

corpora ted

5. }'a,:,ns, a chopper, a matchet (m b .

6.

Jadi, so,

and

so,

to result

in to ac

k

C

), ~ v y

Jungle·knife.

.a

mp at, hvo plus two mak

cs

fo

ur

rna

e. ...ua Ilbeh dua

jadi

7. Mabol.: Jau t (li

t ) · sea

d

i

8. Jadi ubat ~ m run enncss, sea-sickness.

9 Unton f t Of act as a medicine

:Na sib' taO , ( o ~ r c h ~ k ; ~ i k , fortunately.

NUlO,

fortune, fate.

10. TUfUn ,

to rise

(o

'f

~

d) u c ~ .

',

.

U b h ~ k u bula n, the ~ b u ; f

a t J ~ o r m ,

ahrow (I ).

. I

ka

)'

u tapi

oca I

mont .

1

3. Bangsal, t e m p o f a ; o s ~ d t s l : h o ?b,

.rous

tubers.

, ,. . 1$ - meso

,

You must become a witness

in th is case.

I did not

re

cognise him any

longer as he has got fat.

Furthermore, his wife

is

thin

now. That will do.

I shall not be getting on the

train

at

Bulat Timah.

t won't do to be alwa

ys

late

like thi

s.

Is Bun Keng a master in

th

e

Hokkien school?

What happened that

O

he

should cry like that?

Milk if kept for long will

go sour

f the ov en is not hot enough

the bread will not come

to anything.

The

parang was of no use

so the vegetable gardener

threw it away.

When sea-sick take this

sweet pill as medjcine.

t was fortunate forO us·

that

O

we didn't happen to

go on lQave to Kota Bharn.

As the wind rose

ju

st now

the rain did not mate·

rialise. Worso luc

k

At the end of the month

tapioca will be cheap;

at

th

e moment it is dear.

He went mad because of his

losses when

th

e bangsal

(shed) caught fire.

M M I ..

- 7

Eng

kau kbla

jadi

saksi

dalam bichara

mi.

Saya

k ~ n l

lagi pasal dia

sudah jadi gtmlok.

Dan iagi, bini dia kurus

s':karang. Jadi.lah

l

•

Saya la'jadi naik kt' rcta api

di·Bukit Timah.

Ta 'boleh jadi st' lalu lambat

matham

ini.

Bun Keng

jadi

3

guru st' ko

Jab Ho

ki

an.kab

4

?

Apa jadP dia menangis

macham itu?

Susu kalau simpan lama

boloh jadi masam.

Kalau dapor 'ilu t'ada

chukup panas roti tidale

baleh jadi.

1

Paran f itu t'ada guna

jadi

U

orang kt' bun sayor

sudah buang.

Apabila mabok la

ut

1

makan

pil manis ini jadi ubat.

8

n t o n baik kita ta' jadi

pergi chuti ka·Kota Ba·

ham (baru).

Pasal angin

turun

lO tadi

hujan

ta

' jndi.

l

Nasib

9

chelaka

Chukup bulanll ubi kayu12

nanti bolch judi murah;

sck

l\

rang mahal

Dia sudah jadi gila st' bab

rugi apabila bnngsaP8

kena api.

84

M L Y M D E

EASY

LESSON

42

M L Y M D E E S Y

85

EXERCISE



Other

.Auxiliary Verbs.

'Ought' or 'should'

in

the sense of 'ought' is rendered

by patut, right, proper, fair, or harus, fitting, meet. .

'Obliged to' is translated colloquially

by

mi sti, must.

'Let'

is expressed by the verb biar, to allow, or by the

use of kasi, to give,

or

even choba, to try.

to fry

to boil

to

pray

to die, dead

to hide

VOC BUL RY

goreng

rebus

si mbahyang

mati

sembunyi

light (weight)

thick

thin,

tenuous

rotten,

worn

out

decayed, putrid

NOTES ON EXERCISE

ringan

tebal

nipis°

burok

busok

1. Bawa.

to

take, to lead at cards. to bring on, to cause. Bawa

jabn

, to take for a walk, to lead

the

way. Bawa Iari,

to Iun

away

with. Hawa nasib, to trust to luck.

Z.

Harus

-lala

t

one

would

expect

it

to

be.

Hams

juga ,

qui

te

lik

ely_

In Indonesia pantas, reasonable, fair, becoming.

3. Boleh pandai, to become clever. Auxiliaries arc frequently

employed without a verb but where the verb 'to be', or 'to become',

or

some other verb

is

understood. Sudah busok, to have gone bad.

4. Tintu, certainly, is used for the definite 'should'.

5. Da1am, in the act of,

as,

wh ile. Tlogah, whilst.

6.

Kas.i

saya, give me to, allow me, let me.

7. Nong, a title held y distant descendants of a prince.

8.

Hantar

orang

mati, to escort a corpse at a funeral. Tanam

orang mati, to bury the dead. Tanam, to plant, to bury. Hantar, to

accompany,

to

sec ' off.

9. Choba saya, allow me to try, pennit me, l

et

me. Choba has

the force

of

'please' in certain sentences.

Plnnisi

(D.), permission,

allow me. Minta plnnisi,

to ask

leave.

10. Kachang goreng, roasted pea·nuts. Kachang tanah, ground.

nuts, pea·nuts. Kachang puteb, chick.peas.

11. Ada ~ n ~ n g or

ada

tempo (I.), to be at leisure, or unoccupied.

T'ada

si

oang, to have no time, to be busy.

12. Or misti. In o n ~ s i a plrJu, obligatory, necessary.

13.

Bombay merchants, dealing in cloths and bric·a_brac, are

Cujerati-speaking Indians from northern Bomba} .

14. In batik·wo rk the pattern

is

drawn and then waxed and dyed .

Islamic people (Moslems)

ought to pray five times

a day, i f possible.

I should take him home

as it

is late. Just as you

pleasel

I t

is not right

at

all not to

pay one's debts.

This kettle

is

of iron. No

wonder it's heavyl

You must study and then

you will be clever.

This

has gone bad. Had

I

known I should not have

boiled it this mornin

g.

In cutting onions let the

pieceso he thin, not thick.

Is

it

proper thatO whilst

was hiding he should come

and search for me?

t would as well to let

me replace that rotten

plank 6rst, Nong.

You are not

fair

not shOwing

it to Mistress Som.

Let

me know when the

funeral

is

going to be,

Let me see whether it's light

or heavy.

Please be quiet a moment

and

let them think.

Fried pea-nuts must be hot

with

someO

salt added.

When you've time we

must

go to the Bombay shop

and buy a batik sarong.

Orang Islam patut s i m b a ~

yang lima waktu p d sa

hari,

j ib

boleh.

Saya patut hawa

din

pu

lang

l

si hab sudah lambat_

Suka hati-Iah

Ta'patut sakaIi-kaii ta

bayar ·hutang.

Ketel

e

ini buat daripada

best Hams_lab

Z

beratl

Engkau m ~ t i belajar

bam

boleh

s

pandai.

Ini sudah busok:' Kalau

saya tahu ti ntu

4

saya ta'

ri bus pagi

tadi.

Potong hawang biar-lab

ni-

pis, jangan ti bal. .

Ada-kah

patut

dalam

li

saya

si mbunyi dia datang chari

saya?

.Baik kasi saya

6

ganti papan

burok

itu. Ii beh dulu,

Nong.?

Engleau ta'patut ta'tunjok

kapada

Che'

Som.

Kasi saya tabu bila mau

hantar orang mati.

s

Choba saya

9

tengok

ringan

atau bi rat.

Choba

9

diam sa-ki jap biar

dia orang poor.

Kachang goreng

lO

mi sti

panas, taroh garam.

Ada

si nang

kita mem.

u

pi rgi ka-kedai Bombapa

eli kain batek.14

86

M L Y M A

DE E SY

LESSON

43

M L Y

M D E

EASY

EXERCISE

87



The Degrees of Comparison.

Th

ere is no alteration in the termination of either

adjectives or adverbs under comparison.

The comparative can be formed as

n

English by the

used of the adverbs li bch, or Jagi, more, and kurang, less,

prefixed to the adjective and followed,

if

required,

by

the preposition dari, than, from.

It may al

so

be formed by placing the adjective

fir

st,

before

the

objects to be compared, and

by

putting the

object with which the comparison is made n

th

e ablative

case

by

the u

se

of dari or preferably daripada, than.

The superlative is formed in the same way as the compa

rative

by

making a

co

mparison of universal application

or

by using i

nt

ensitive adverbs such as sakali, very, most,

terlampau, ex

ce

ssi

ve

ly,

and

tm-Iebch, mos

t.

y the employment of the relative pronoun, yang, that

which,

co rrespond

in

g to ' the' before

the

adjective-except

when the latter is placed first in the sent

ence-a

greater

degree

of

emphasis is obtained.

VO

CABULARY

a body

badan

hair of

the

head

rambut

a

mo

utll

mulut

skin; bark

kolit

a tongue

lidah

a nose

hidong

a tooth

gigi

a face

muka

an ear

t ~ l i n g n ·

hair, wool,

f J

r

,

feathers

bulu

NOT

ES

ON EXERCISE

I. Compariso n of equality is obtained by the use of

$3.

1113 . the

sa me (o ften shortened to sa ), with or without denga u. Sam3 bisar

dl n

ga

n

ll

or

I

·

bl

s:n ini, as big as tbis. Sometimes i

us

t Wsar

rumah, as big as a bouse.

Z In co mpari

so

ns I

lbc

h precedes the word it qualifies, wh ereas

lagi freque

nt

ly, though not necessaril

y,

follows it.

3. Or

da

ri

pm kulit

11mbu

m:l hal kulit kamhing, in co mpa

ri

son

with ca lfsldll , kid is more c

)[pen

sivc.

4. Sa·hahls, the most. Tbe superlative absolute can be formed

by

prefixi ng sa, i.e. sa.boleh.boJeh, to the utm ost

5.

Tn

Indones ia

Iia

ling, mos t , is u

se

d to fo

nn

superlat

ives

. Yang

paling klchil, the ve

ry

smallest .

This wool

is

finer than the

wool over there

Which is farther: that island

or

this,

Mahmud?

This tobacco is cheaper than

the tobacco

n that

shop

at Tanjong Priok.

My body is thinner than

hi

s,

at tho moment.

Never mind Chocola

te is

as

good

as

coffee.

Your

hair, Abu Bakar,

is

even longer than it was

the other day.

Kid is more costly than calf

skin.

There

is

no-one who" walks

more slowly than you do.

A

man's mouth

is

not so

pretty

as

a woman's.

That

Ba

ndoeng woman's

face is the sweetes t of

all

Tllis Chinese dentist

is

the

clever

es

t of

the

lot.

As to sugar, brown sugar

is the very sweetest,

(Mrs.) Khadijah.

Amongs t them

all

(Miss)

Esah's ears are the

smallest.

Ta

lk in

g of noses, Dollah's

is the largest by far.

Isn't it?

If yo u would like to know,

a so le is the mo st expen

sive fish

at

this time.

Bulu karnbing

n ~ b e h

bngus dari bulu sanu.

Mana jauh: pulau itu atau

pulau ini, Mahmud?

Murah tcmbakau ini dan

pad a tembakau di-kMaj

Tanjong Pcriok ihl.

Kurus badan saya dari badan

dia, tempoh in;.

Ta' usah Chokelate sarna

baik dcngan

l

kopi.

Rambut Abu Bakar

panjnng Iagi dari kel

marin.

Kulit kambing Jagi2 mahal

dnr

il

' kulit lembu.

T'nda-Iall sa-orang

~ r j l n

lambat Ingfl dari

i

ngkau.

Mulut jantan kurang chan·

tck dari mulut hi tina.

Manis muka perl mpuan

Bandong

itu

dari semua.

Tukang gigi China ini

pan

dai daripada seroua.

Pasal gula, g

ul

a merah-Iah

a b i s ~

manis, Che'

Khadijah (Tijah).

Dal am dia orang

si m

ua

telinga Chc' Esab-Iah yang

k/X:hil

saka

li

.'

Chakap daripada hidong,

Dollah punya yan ,: ; leheh

hi sar sakali. Ya, tidak?

Kalau mau

tah

ikan ]idah

lah ikan yang

mahsl pads masa ini.

88

MALAY M A D E

EASY

LESSON 44

MALAY M ADE EA SY

89

EXERCISE



Refl

ex

ive Pronouns

and the

Pronominal Suffix

ny a

,

its,

Reflexive pronouns

are

formed y the addition of sbdiri,

self, to .the personal pronouns.

The

contracted form diri

is also in use in certain cases, more especially in verbal

combinations or before a pronoun.

Se

ndiri, own, may also

be

added to a noun and if the

context

is

clear the personal pronoun to

which it

refers

may be omitted.

The possessive pronoun nya

de

rived from dia, his, etc.,

is inseparable from

and

follows the word t quali6.es.

a needle

th r

ead

a rope, string

a chain

a nail, a spike

VO CABULARY

jarum

hl nang

tali

rnntai

palm

a stick, a prop

an

umbre

Ua

a mirror

a comb

scissors

NOTES ON EXERCI

SE

longkat

payong

cMnnin·

sileatO

gunting

1. Diri

saya,

myself. Diri sendiri, oneself. Dalam

dm, to

oneself,

inwardly. MWD din, to

co

rrode, to decay.

2. Yang ,

who, whIc

h, is often inserted

etween

a noun and its

adjectival attribute, especia lly if there mor e than one.

3. Sa-orang

did

or OI 1lDg slndiri (I.), alone, by onself.

... In Indonesia sikat. a brush, to bru

sh,

and sUir, a comb.

5. Chlrmin, picture or window

glass.

Chlrmin mab, spectacles,

Chlrmin mub, a looking·glass. In Indonesia kacha. glass, replaces

cbfnnin.

Kacba mat: (I.), eye·glasses, specs.

6.

NYli. his, h

en, its,

their, is often

used

"for

emphasis alone or to

clarify the subject or

to

C1e:;Jte a noun

from an

adjective

01

to

introduce impersonal expressions. Bia$.a·oyll. it's customary. Sa·kin.·

Dyli.

in

case. Diri·n}'ll, him

self, etc. DaIam·oya, the dep

th

.

7.

Kbe

',

a

Kh

eh or

Hakka

. a

race from

the highlands of Southern

China. who lva rk in lvf3laya as mining coo li

es.

8. Burok, shabby, plain, ugly. Ji lek (t .), bad, ugly.

9.

Nyll i

empl

oyed

idiomatically in

th

e objective

case

with the

particle

eli in

passive constructions to m

ca

n 'by him', etc., when

there is no emphasis on the agent.

YOu can light the gas your-

Ibrahim

boleh pasang Bpi

self, Ibrahim. gas sthtdiri,

He must look for a needle

Di

a m&ti

chari

jnrum dan

and thread himself.

bmang

si ndiri.

We ourselves never use a Kita sthtdiri

ta'pi rnah pakai

wa1k:ing-stick. tongkat.

Th

ey themselves don't want Dia orang sendiri ta'mau

to await a reply. nanti jawab.

I want to

buy an

umbrella Saya mau payong bagi

for myself.

The big one. diri saya.

1

Yang bf sar,

That

watch-chain is

the

Rantai jam itu tukang

mas

jeweller's very owo.

sb l

diri puny

a.

1.be large and fat watch-

Tukang

jam yang bf sar

maker was laughing just lagi gi mok t tawa tadi

now by himself. sa-orang diri.

a

Those hair-brushes are Bi rus

t

rambut itu Tuan

your own, Sir, punya smdiri.

This morning

I

got

on

my

Pagi

taw

saya naik kuda

own horse that arrived sendiri sampai

yesterday.

kelmarin.

This looking-glass is Miss Chi rmin m u k

ini

Enche'

Cayah's own. Cayah punya sendiri.

The

rope is worn o

ut

; tell Tali_nya

G

sudah burok;

the Boyanese groom

to

surob sais Boyan

s ~ n i r i

replace it himself. ganti Jain.

Usually when

I

go

~ p

she Biasa-ny

a '

bila saya

naik

sits combing herself. dia

dud

ok sikat diri .

A

Chinese of the Kbeh

race

Sa·orang China bangsa

is

sitting in

the

dark and Khe

'7

ada dudok dalam

keeping quiet. gelap dan di am diri.nya' .

What elsel Of course it will Apa lagi T i ntu ·lah

burolcA

be

ug

ly should you cut ka1au sa-kira·nya' gunting

your own hair. rambut diri.

Its nails are corroded; he Paku-nya' sudah

makan

has examined them and diri1; 'dah di·p&eksa.ny

a '

they can't

be

used again. ta'boleh pakai

Ja

gi.

90

M A L A Y M

AD

E

EAS

Y

LESSON 45

MAL

A Y

MAD

E

EA

S Y

91

EXE RCI

SE



Indefinite Pronouns.

The indefini

te

pronouns, some and an

y,

are usually

omitted in Malay but when 'some' stands for 'a ce

rta

in' of

things the inde finite article sa,tll, on,e,

is.

m ,

Apa. what, is used to

~ e n

of

a ~ y k l l ~

and

harnng, things, stands for some or any, especially

n

com

bination with other pronouns.

Orang, a person, includes people, persons,

and

'on

e'

or

'someone'

in th

e sense

of

a

pe

rson.

Each, of persons is musing-masing, whilst tiap-tiap, each,

ever

y,

refers to time and things as

we

ll as

pe

rso

ns

.

a n g

or

lat, at intervals, every oth

er

.

a bell

a wheel

a hoe

a basket

a colour

VOCABUu..

RY

locheng a bucket

roda a hole

changkulO a jar, a

tub

bakul° a fan

wama a bench, a stool

NOTES ON EXERCI

SE

baldi

O

lohang

tong

kipas

bangku

I . Baraqg, SOlne, i.e.

about SMoot,

some, i.e. a

2 To

avoid emph

asis

pronouns m

ay

follow the a

Ul(lil

ary.

3: Cub Mlbka or g

ub

,awa (I.), jagger}'.

Cub

Mal

acca

ill a

S\\-eet of S3go with melted palm.suga r and coconut·cream..

1. T l ntll, certain to

be,

must be. Tltap, firm, defimte.

5.

Sa

tu apa, anything. Salah satu, one or the other,.a .

6.

K:KIi,

or

Kathi, a

reg

istrar

of

Moslem mamages and an

authority on Mohammedan Dlnon Law in Malaya. .

7.

Barang

s

i:JPll

,

anybody. B

ara

ng

lI)la

or

b : l r : m

anythmg.

Bukan 3·bawl'g, no ordi na ry . Barallg h I , some t im

e,

perhaps.

8. Laill da

riPllda,

otherwise tha

n.

Mlla

illk

an, except.

9.

Saoon

(I.), each, every. Saban hari,

every

day. .

10

Blrapa b:m

ya

k, however much. Urapa patut , whatever's fair .

Ta'Wrapa, not to any

ex

tent , not

very. S:I·

birap

a, as

mueh

as

,

as

many as. .

.

Pasal or plrk:na, a ma tter, an :llbir. Hal, things, Circumstances .

Da

rihaJ, CQnCffI\ing.

12. S

lH)rang

b , no one. T ada si:l

p:l

, nobody.

13. B.birapa, some, SC'o'eral , a quantity; however much.

About two pounds of saus·

ages are enough.

I ll

get

the

m.

Is there any palm-sugar?

wants some.

Upon a certain day I was

digging a hol

e,

Ther

e must be a reason,

(Miss) Futeh, why you

don't want to marry.

There

is not

any

kind of

reason.

I

just don't want

to, (Mr.) Kathi.

Whatever

th

ere is will do.

There is nothing, Sir.

Whoever pu ts: feathers any·

where

o

except in the bin

will

ge

t into trouble.

Whatever Madam

wants-is

all in

th

e shop.

Rubbishl a watcr jar, baskets

or a bucket, there isn't one

of the

m.

o

Whatever s that incessant

noise- a bell perha

ps

?

Some folks like a red--col

o

ur

ed wheel. others don't.

Each pe rson has his own

desires.

Every .verandah has a

st

ool

to sit upon.

However many matters he

settles, every

other

day

more people co

me.

No one wants a fan at in

tervals of every few feet.

Barang dua paun sosis

e

ada

chukup.

Nant

i saya

ambil.

Ada gula Melaka

3

? Male

mau sildikit.

'

Pada

satu han saya ada

changkul lobang.

Tt ntu

t

saknli

ada

satu sebab

yang Cho' Puteh ta'mau

kawin.

Tada

satu

apa

li pasa .

Saya l'a'

mau

saja, Tuan

Kathi.

e

Apa ada jaw ·lah. T'ada satu

apa,

Tuan .

Barang siapa

1

taroh buIu

lain daripada

8

daIam

tong nanti kena

susah.

Barang apn7

Mem mau -

semun

ada

dekat kedai,

Bohong

-Iah

tong ayer, ba

kul

atau

baldi, satu (pun)

t'ada.

Bi

sing apa ta'berhenti itu

-locheng barangkaIF?

Ada orang suka roda

warna

merah lain tidak.

Masing-masing ornng

ada

dia punya mau.

Tiap--tinp' bi randa ada

bangku tilmpat dudok.

~ a p a

banyak

10

pasaI

l l

dia

kasi habis, lat satu

hari

lagi orang datang.

Sa-orang ta'

man

U

1cipas

selang beberapa

kaki.

92

M A L A Y M A D E

EASY

LESSON 46

M A L A Y M ADE E AS Y

EXERCISE

93

Fry

a chicken

and

a couple Goreng sa-ekorl ayam

dan



Descriptive Classifiers.

Concre te objects when qua1ified by numerals require

a classifier immediately f o l l o w i n ~ the numeral

This corresponds to the EnglIsh usage in such phrases

as 'n grain of com', 'two bead of cattJe', 'a roll of cloth',

Class Descriptive Classifier

animals,

birds, insects, fisb ekor a

tail

books, boxes, furniture, ships, buah a fruit, a large

houses, carriages. countries bulky object

fruit, eggs, plates, stones biji a seed. a pip

paper

.

clothes, mats, leaves, Mlai a

thin

sheet

hair.

feathers or

lai

a stem

rees, poles, cigarettes, teeth batang

a bit, fragment; a slice, piece

klping

a pair, a suit pasang

a flat piece

a couple

human beings orang a person

VOCABULARY

a

paw·paw ~ p y

roof, thatch atap

a coconut

kltapa

sap.

rubber

gttah-

a banana

pisang a coral reef karang

an orange, a lime

limau·

a forest,

wild

hutan

a pineapple

Danas

a mosquito

nyamok

NOTES ON EXERCISE

1. Both

numeral and

c l a ~ i f i e r

precede the noun unless there

is

any emphasis on the number, when they foJlow.

l. Jrok:

I.). citrus fruits. Buah precedes fruit names.

SilEat or mil . , a bunch Of 'hand' of bananas.

. Or

sam.pan kolak, a Chinese sampan.

Kotak,

a locker, a

pigeon-hole, a small box. Toako, a Chinese lighter.

S.

No

classifier is

fequired with indefinite numbers.

6. Nyior, a coconut

in

northern Malaya. Kllapa

kiring,

copra.

Santan,

coconut

cream exp

r

essed from

the

meat.

7. Potong, a slice,

an

it

em

of clothes, a

pi

ece of lugga

ge

.

8.

Atap, palm_thatch. Ruma h atap, a thatched house.

9. Pintu, a classifier of shophouses. Sa-derd", a r

ow.

10. Sa-pucbok, a classifier of letters or guns.

II.

Sa·bwan.,

a 8ock, a herd, a school of fish.

of snapper (red fish). dua ckorl ikan mer-ab.

Wait a moment, there is a Nanti duJu,

ada

sa-ckor

mosquito on your ear. nyamok atas tl1linga.

Buy

six

oranges and a bunch BI1Ii buah

2

limau anam biji'

of bananas. dan satu sikatB pisang.

I hope to sell a

sampan Saya

harap

mau jua sa.

(boat) next month

to

a bUM sampan"' bulan

de-

-

Chinese.

pan pada

orang China.

Unforhmately, three of the Nasib ta"baik, telor tiga biji

eggs were bad. sudah busok. .

Put some6 ripe Sarawak Taroh nanas Serawak yang

pineapples n the basket. masak di-dalam bakul.

Two of them will suffice. · Dua biji jadi-lah.

There are several hairs on Ada rambut bt bbapa

Iai

eli.

the dressing-table. mcja che-rmin muka.

He owns some coconut. Dia ada sikit pokok nyiorS

palms and

one

hundred

dan

pokok ge-tah sa-ratus

rubber

trees

n

Kelantan. batang

d i K ~ l a n t a n .

My front teeth are two short. Gigi de-pan saya kurang dua

Which ones? batang. Yang mana?

Bring a bamboo rod from Bawa sa-batang bambu dati

the forest, Hitam; well fu: hutan, Hitam; kita pasang

it on the reef. di-karang.

She doesn't

care

much for Dia ta' ~ r a p a suka bu ah

papayas

cut

in slices. p payo. potong

7

k ~ i n g

He

rents five thatched Dia sewa rumah at

ap

8 lima

houses n Trengganu. pintu

R

df.-Tilrmgganu.

Father has received a regis· Bapa sudah t ~ r i m a surat

tered lett

er

from Sarna· rejistftr8 sa-k6ping r sa-

rang. puchok)10 dari Sbnarang

A Chinese, wearing spec- Sa-orang China, pakai c h ~ r .

tades

and carrying an min mata dan bawa

umbrella, went

by

ju

st

payong sa-batang, la1u tadi

now

n

front

of

the shop. di-muka toko.

Take a pair of Balinese oxen Ambil sa-pasang ltmbu Bali

out of that herd. dari sa-kawan

itu.

94

MA L AY M D E EAS Y

LESSON 47

Reduplication.

MAL

A Y MA D E EASY

EXERCISE

95

There

are

all kinds of min- Ada macham-macham ay

er



Only prepos

it

ions cannot

be

reduplicated .

By

repeating a word an inde

fin

i

te

plural is obtained

which embraces the various species and actions referred

to or may imply lack of special aim in a ve

rb

.

Both adjectives and adverbs

arc

often reduplicated for

emphasis, which may be rendered by 'very' or 'ever',

By

dupli

ca

t

io

n descriptive words

are

fa

nn

ed which owe

their origin to some resemblance to or characteristic

de

ri

ved f

ro

m the par

ent

form.

Frequently, only the first consonant of

th

e original word

is repeated, followed by the toneless

(e

r) sound.

VOCA

B

ULARY

flat, level

ra t

a

everywhere

rata-rat a

rich

kaya

very rich

kaya.kaya

sha 'P

tajam

vcrr. sharp

tajam-tajam

form, appearance

.-up.

a

ll

inds of

rupa-rupa

green hijau greenish hijau-hijau

to t

ear

kayak

in

rags

kayak-koyak

to remember

ingat

to take heed

ingat-ingat

alive

hidup

all alive

hidup-hidup

to feel,

to taste

.as

an opinion

rasa-rasa

an ant

~ u t

pins and

semut-sbnyt

needles

or sesemtit

NOTES ON

EXE RC ISE

I . Bdlanda, Dut

c

1, foreign. Ayer W l a l l d ~

soda (I

.

2.

all, whate

ver

, anything, f

rom

apa,

wha

t.

3.

Mana ·ma na,

ev

e

rywhere,

wherever, hom ma na, where.

4. gQOOs

arti

cles, bc

lollii

ngs

, l

uagage

. •

5.

Buat.buat, to pretend , '

fro

m buat, to d

o,

to

mak

e.

6. Sa

tu

-sa

tu

,

one

by

one. Oua

-dua ,

by

t>,\ OS, bo

th.

7.

Kira.kin , accounts, r

ec

koning,

from

kira, to calculate.

8. Kud a.kuda, or

kA

uda, a trestle,

from

kuda, a hor

se.

9. Be tul·hetul, the truth, from Wtul, correct. Reduplica ted

adver

bs

of

man

ner are

used ge

n

era ll

y

with

ver

bs in th

e imperative

mood.

Baik-baik, careful, f

rom

baik, good.

10. Bukan·bub n, that doesn't exist,

from bubn

, not.

II.

\Vith colours dupl

ica

t

ion

denot

es th

e nnge, i.

e. -ish.

12.

Indefinite plurals

ar

e not

used

with numerals.

eral waters in the shop. belanda

1

di-kedai.

TIle well-to-do do n

ot

like Orang kaya-kaya ta' suka

in the very least

dreSS

ing saka li-kali pakai koyak.

in rags. koyak.

Take heed of all I say aboul lnga t-ingat apa_apa

2

saya

blachan (prawn paste). kata darihal belachan.

W herever one goes there is Mana-mana

a

orang pergi

water everywhere, . ada-Iah ayer rata·rata.

Th

ere are all sorts of goods Ada rupa-

ntpa

barang-

in the

st

ores.

b a r a n ~

dulam gudang.

t

is my opinion that he is Rasa ·rasa saya dia ada

buat·

only pretending. b u a t saja.

Th e two Japanese ladies Nesan

dua

-dua boleh naile

can go upstairs now and ka·atas sekarang buat

do

the accounts, kira-kira.

7

Thi s left hand is aching Tangan sa-belah kiri ini

w

i.th

pins arfd needl

es.

. sakit s

mut-semut.

Th

e

fis

h hal"ker has bro ug

ht

Orang jual ikan

ada

bawa

some

fis

h, all ali

ve

, from ikan hidup-hidup dari

Soera

ba

ya. Surabaya.

Place the towels together on Taroh tuala sarna

-s

arna di-

the towel-horse. atas k iruda.'

Speak the truth and not Cbakap 1retul-betul' jang-

some obvious nonsoose. an yang bukan-bukan.

10

Where's the twakow? Mana toako?

Be very careful th is knife Jaga baik-baik

9

pisau ini

is pr

etty sha

rp

. tajam-tajam_

A Madurese man dressed in Sa-orang Iald-Inki Madura

tl

greenish waist-clo

th

pakni kain hijau-hijau.

11

Nightly she takes the chil- Malam-malam dia bawa

dren for a walk one by annk jalan·jalan satu-

one, and occasionally both satu

, '

dan kadang-kadang

at once, dua-dun' sa-kali.

However much the lo

ss

or B ~ b ( r rugi atau untong

gain we must accept the kila mlsti

t ~ r i m

lima

fi

ve horses. ekor kuda

12

itu,

96

M A L A Y M AD E

EAS

Y

LESSON 48

Compound Words.

MA

'

LAY MADE

E A S Y

EXERC ISE

97

Lost in the train- a pair of

Hilang di.k6reta api, sa



In compound words the

attr

ibute follows

th

e subject.·

Some co

mpo

u

nd

words

ar

e fo

rmed by

combining t

wo

salie

nt

features to complete the id

ea

of the whole.

VOCABU

LARY

a cov

er

in

g,

a sheath,

a waist-doth sarong

a hoop, a bracelet

a n g

a Snger jari

a neck lcher

a mat tiknr '

a s

ea

l, a s

tamp

. a

brand, to p

rint

chap

a waist pinggang

an artificial pond

kol

a

m·

a ghost, a spirit

bantu

a

fe

tter, handcuff pasong

NOTES ON EXERCISE

l SalO

ng

ka

ki or

bus

bk i

(I. ),

a

sock.

Sarong tangan, a glove.

Sarong

jan, a thimble.

Sarong SUGlt , an c

II\'

elope .

2. kaki.

an

an

kl

et. GIIang langan, a bra

ce

let.

3.

Or s

:l-f

upa,

li

ke, a

lik

e,

si

mi

la

r, from rupa, shape, looks,

Sa·

rupa

t l

or

ma

c

ll

am

tadi .

th

e

same

as just n

ow.

-t

. Or b in

la

rar,

saik

loth. Larar, a

sail.

5. Mata-

mab,

a poli

ce

man. In In

do

ne

isa,

a

de

tec tive.

6. Or baLli, a pavilion, a ha

ll

, a pol

ice-s

tation.

7. Kfoduri , a sem i-rel

igiou

s feast o'f

co

mmemoration, etc.

8.

Or

si m ~ t i

the decease

d.

Si. the, demonstrative

prefix applied

fa

miliarly to persons. Si tna, 'the old man'. Si anu,

so-

and·so . Anu,

such

-l

md·5

uc

h.

9. Buah pi

ngga

ng,

(lit. )

the frui t of the

wa

ist ,

a kid

n

ey

.

1

0.

Jnga t , to

reca

ll, to reco llect , to th ink.

II. luu

pang

(fmpang), an

impounding

d am, a reservoir.

n .

Or

rom3h setlll ,

a Masonic

Lod

ge.

Shaitan

(scbn),

Sata

n,

the

Devil.

Ibli

s,

the

fi

end .

1

3. Bub ,

to undo,

to undress, to

take

off clothes or a

hat.

H . Tali, any cord-like object. Tali leber, a t ie. Tali slluar, bTll

ce5

.

Till

pinggang, or

ib t p

ina:gaIl8,

a wa

ist belt.

H . Ayer mata, a tear, but mata

lIyer,

a source of water.

16. Or butan brang, a 'forest

reserve.

Larang, to forbid.

17.

A1:I

ta ba

ri

,

(lit.)

the

eye

of the da

y,

the sun.

18.

Or

korek api, match

es,

from korek, to bore, to dig o

ut

.

19.

Ch

ap, a tra

de

mark,

a

c

hop

,

the

name or

style

of

a

Chin

ese

finn. Chap

bi.

lI8an or chap

jari

,

finge

r-print

s.

brand new white socks.

Is

th

at so?

A

tall nnd handsome woman

wearing anklP,ts of

th

e

same type as these.

When

you

sew canvas clo

th

you

h

ad

bett

er

pu

t on a

thimble, Nyonya.

The lorry dr iver's licen

ce

ahd nger-pr ints are wi

th

the poli

ce

at

th

e station.

Th e Malays

ar

e holding a

kenduri (feast) to·niclIt.

The deceased was suffering

from kidn

ey

trouble.

I think the reservoir is in the

Bo tanical Gardens.

Which one is the Masonic

By the Town

Hall,

SIr .

Take off yo

ur

n€ICktie and

put it on top of the bed.

My parents' tears fell

co

n·

tinuously.

Tha

t

is th

e old man's spring

in the forest reserve.

Our relations k

eep

a whole

lot of poultry on the

ir

rub

be

r plantation.

P'ack

tha t crockery in the

empty cart.

T

aka

out the bedding

(na

tive style) and put it in

th

e heat of the sun, B

ee

.

Buy a box of Hand·

brand

. matches in the

hot

el.

pasang sarong

kaki1 puteh

yang bam. Ya .kah?

Sa-orang

p u a n

yang

tinggi lagi ch

im

tek pakai

g

l

lang

ka1ci

t

macham' iN .

Apabila jahit kain· kenb is&

b e h

baik

pnk

ai

sarong

jan,l Nyonyah.

Laiseu

e

bawa lorie dan chap

jan

ada sarna mata-mata'

di-nunah pasongG (balai).

Orang M

l

layu ada buat

kmdurF malam

sl

karang.

Orang

mati

8

itu

saldt bush

pin

gg

ang.'

Saya ingat

lO

kolam ayer

a

da b u n

bun ga.

Mana satu

rwnah

hantup12

Dekat

balai bnndnr,

Tuan.

Buka

a

tali leher

u

taroh li-

at

as

tmpat

tidor.

Ayer a l ~ msk bapa saya

turu.n

s ~ l a l u

ltu-lab mata

si

S tua

di·dalam hutan simpan.

18

Saudara kita simpan ayam

itek banysk·banyak di.

ki hun gMah.nya.

Simpan pinggan mangkok

itu dalam kheta koson

g.

Ba

wa

keiuar

tikar

banta

taroh dalam panas mata

hari,a Bi{1) (Bibi).

Bell sa·kotak machis

18

chap

'

tangan di·rumah

ma1can.

98

M AL AY M ADE

EASY

LESSON 49

M ALAY

M ADE E AS Y

EXERCISE

99

The author of

t is

book, by

Pmgarang

1

buku

ni, ikut pa



Fo r

mation of Nouns by Affixation.

Derivative nouns are mainly from verbal roots.

Firstly, those form

ed

from the

pr

e fix pi and. its modifl·

cations which generally denote the agent or Instrument.

Secondly, those formed from the suffix an o t i n g the

res

ult

of the action or the

ac

tion itseU; also the LDStrume

nt

or

thing on which

an

action

is pe

rf

or

med.

Thirdly. those formed from the prefix pi

and th

e suffix

an which denote a quality related to the root word.

Fourthly,

th

ose fonned from

th

e pr

enx

kl and the suffix

an denoting a state or condition.

EXAMP

LES

to compo se

karang

pengnrang

an author

to steal

churl

penchuri

a thief

to be

ill

sakit

y a k i t

a disease .

to eat

maknn

rnakanan

f

ood

to

w r i t ~

tulis

tulisan

writing

to work

k ~ r j a

p i k ~ r j n

occupation

to feel

as

pet-asaan

fee lings

a king

raja

k ilrajaan

government

c1ev

pandai

Upandaian

cleverness

wrong

salah

L:esa1ahan

a crime

NOTES

ON

EXERC ISE

I .

PI is

modified following the rul

es

for Dul. Lesson

50.)

2. That which is worn, from pakai , to wear .

3

Or

sap

u (I.), a broom. Plnyapu lidi, a twig·broom. Lidi, a

palm.lea f rib. Bulu ayam , a feather duster.

i .

IG

mlllgan, a composition, that which has been

put

toge ther.

Pubr .

m,

a wind l

ass

,

t h ~ t

which

rotates .

5.

b ·itu, namd

y.

la.

la

h, that i

s.

6

prefixed to a cardinal number and preceded

by

yang , that

wh ich, creates

an

ordi

nal

except

fo

r

yang

plrtama, the

fir

st. Pl rtama,

fir

stl

y, fir

st of all. Used

ad

jectivally ordi

nal

s follow the word tlley

qualify. Ya

ng

kfd u

3, tIl

e second. Kfdua, botll, secondly. Kl

ti8a

.

the three,

all

three. Fractions can be form ed

by

pr

efixi

ng plr to

the ordinal three.fourths, tiga plrampat.

7. A few

·'

the prefix U . KI

Undak

, a wish.

8.

The

verba

pir

pl

us

an

al

so fonns nouns.

,

his clothes. is a Filipino.

Th

e gun thief has been

arrested in Amboyna.

Cholera is

an

extremely

malignant disease.

Bring a bro

om and

sweep

o

ut

t is

,filth, Mansoor.

I

was

ill

just now through

eating some bad food.

Th

ere

are

many kinds of

fi

sh

in the

ocean

H

is

writing

is

ugly

and

the

composition useless.

In

this plantation

ther

e

are

twenty or thirty kinds of

fruit. No admittance.

What was your business in

Medan, Sir (or Master)? I

ran a Japanese hotel.

t

seems to me

th

at it's

poorly made.

You must obey

th

e govern

ment's orders

Th

e cleverness of Euro

peans is great , indeed,

i.e. ge

tting oil (fuel) from

the nipah-palm.

I don't

quit

e remember

what

th

e second accused's

cr

im

e

was

In

the first place, he de

sires to look for a windlass,

Abdullah.

We want to see a ronggeng

(dance) show to-night.

kaian

3

-nya, orang Menila.

h u r i senapang sudah

kenn tangkap di-Ambun.

Kolera

e

itu satu ¢nyakit

yang

amat

jahat.

Bawa ~ y p u sapu k ~ l u a r

kotor

ini,

Mansor.

Saya ~ a k i tadi s6bab makan

makanan

tabaik.

Ada banyak bangsn ikall

dalam

lautan.

Tulisan-nya ta 'chantek dan

karangan

4

_nya ta 'pakai.

Di-Ubun

Wi

ada dua tiga

puloh macham

buoh.

buaJlon. Di-Iarang masok.

Apa pekb'jaan

Tuan

(or

Mastar) di-Medan dolu?

Saya buka hotel }epun.

Pada ~ r a s a a n saya buat

an

-o ya kurang baik.

Engkau mesti ikut hukum

k&ajaan.

~ d i orang Eropah

ban

yak betul i a - i t u ambit

minyak dati pokok

nipah.

Saya tabb'a

pa

in

ga

t

apa

~

a l a h a n

orang salah

yang

kMua

.'

Pasal y.mg pt' rtama,'

keMndak

1

-nya nak chari

pu t

aran,· Abdullah.

Kitn mau tengok p( rmain

an

8

ronggeng ini malam.

100 M AL AY M ADE E ASY

LESSON 50

Derivative Verbs.

M L Y M D E E ~ Y

EXERCISE

101

That bull s given to goring

Umbu jantan

itu

biasa



Derivative verbs are fonned from verbal roots and other

parts of speech by the use of

affixes

. (Page 102.

)

The prefix me with its modifications, expresses an action

and is used to form verbs from olher parts of speech,

as

well as to affix to verbs in composition and in polite con

versation but seldom in the coDoquial

The

prefix

bE r

when added to a word expresses a state

or condition and forms an intransitive verb, or a verbal

adjective meaning 'having' or ·possessing'.

The

prefix ter to a verb denotes a past participle or a

completed action with often a hint of the accidental.

The prefix per creates causative verbs often with

kan.

The suffix kan-derived from akan, to, towards, creates

transitive verbs out of nouns, adjectives and intransitive

verbs, and may al

so

be added to a trans itive one.

a

hom

to rub

to fold

a beard

a r

oo

t

to

ex

tinguish

to poUT

to teach

strong

a noise

E

XAMPLE

S

tandok mennndok

gosok

mE n

ggosok

lipat ~ r l i p a t

janggut bm-janggut

akar bt rakar

padam

tt' :rpadam

luang

tertuang

ajar ajarkan

kuat m6nguatkan

bunyi bunyikan

NOTES

ON

EXERCI

SE

to gore

to rub down

to be in folds

bearded

having roots

extinguished

powed out

to instruct

to strengthen

to sound

I . Bl r can

also imp

ly repctition and whcn I)rcfixcd to

l

llu

lUcra

l

or fc.duplicated

1I0\l

n me1 ns 'in', Bfribu, in thousands

8

only

before an ini tial f).

IU

rdua. in

N"05.

llit:mg

bl"rtiga,

to come

in

a pa rty

of three.

c r l i p l t l i ~ t in folds.

2. iCaJl

m

ay

be

uscd

with the r

oo

t

fo rm in

thc impera ti

ve.

3

Plrhabis, to

fi

ni

sh

off

Pfrhati, to not

ice.

4 Th

e suffix i is occa

si

ona

lly

mct with an1 l turns no

un

s and

adj

ec

tives into tran

si tive

ver

b

s,

c.g.

plrbai1o:i,

to

ma

kc good .

I t is

sometimes intcrchangeablc

witll 1o:3n

, but i

ll

olhcr

cascs

it altcrs the

Ineaning. l\1:engubatU Il , or meugubati, to doctor. Mfnjalanbn ,

to

start

up, but

mlnjaiani, to tra

ve

l o

ver

.

people, Said.

The syce is going

to

go and

rub down the horse.

Send this handkerchief back

nicely folded.

He s not very old y

et but

he has a beard.

Look for young wild plants

that have roots.

He owes me thousands of

dollars still.

The wind was exceedingly

strong, and so all the

lamps were blown out.

Water poured out

if

not

drunk

will

be wasted.

Teach him to become a hair

dresser like yourself. As

you like.

This medicine will strength

en

the

body. Drink it

up

.

Observe carefully how he

writes a letter

in

Jawi.

Sound the

bell louder; t

has been mended.

At the time you came, bro

ther Haron, J had begun

to shave myself.

A

perso

n just after child

birth cannot work at start

ing up an engine.

The Doctor has gone off to

treat some people in their

homes.

mtnnndok orang, Said.

Sais mau pergi menggosok

kuda nanti.

Kirim

sapu

tangan ini balek

berlipat baile·baile.

Dia belum Mrapa

tua

lagi

tetapi sudah berjanggut.

Chari aDak pokok hutan

yang sudah berakar.

Dia berhutang beribu-ribu

t

ringgit Jagi kapada

aku.

Angin telampau kuat.

rnenjadi semua lampu

sudnh terpadam.

Ayer tl rluang kalau ta'

minulJl t6rbuang.

Ajarkan

2

dia jadi tukang

gooting rambut macham

diri sendiri. 'Mana suka.

Ubat ini akan menguatkan

hadan. Minum plrhabis.

P&hatikan

S

bagaimana ia

menulis surat Jawi.

Bunyikan locheng koat lagi;

sudah di_pttbailci,4

Pada waktu abang Hamm

datang saya sudah mulai

~ r c h u k o r

Orang baru lepas beranak

ta' boleh bikerja

min

jalankan

4

eoji.o.

Tuan Doktor sudah bi r

jalnn mengubati

4

orang

di-rumah-nya.

IOZ

M L Y M DE E SY

THE ME, PER AND BER PREFIXES

The verbal prefix ml changes for the sake of euphony

M L Y M DE

E SY

103

TIlE ME AND PE DERIVATlVES

A

TA

BLE OF MODIFICATIO

NS



according to the initial letter of the root word.

M6 remains me before 1 m, n, ny, or r.

Mi

becomes mem before h, or p, dropping p.

Mt' becomes nren before ch, d,

i,

or t, dropping t.

Me becomes meng before a vowel, or g. h, k, dropping k

Me becomes meny before s, dropping s.

As th e appropriate modification

is

invariably 'used, the

root form of a roll derivative is usually obvious.

A few common verbs are always found in the derived

form. but the roo t may be

in

use as well, i.e

.:

m ~ n a n g i s to cry. and also nangis, to weep. from tangis.

mertari, to dance, om tari; tari-menan, dancing.

In the case of re-duplicated verbs, where the meaning

s

generalized or reciprocal, me is affixed to

the

second

half, i.e. bacha-membacha, reading, or pukul-mbnuku1, to

exchange blows, hut mimbacha·bacha means 'just' readi ng

and m ~ n l l n g i s - n a n g i s 'continual' crying.

~

derivatives are usually transitive verbs, which can

be

regarded as being in the infinitive mood or as baving

participial force. They are never used in the imperative

mood nor in the passive

voi

ce.

A

co

nsiderable number of verbal roots do not take the

prefix at all, but usage is the on y guide.

Both the transitive suffixes kan and i may be

affix

ed to

m6 derivatives, more especially when these latter are

formed from parts of speech other than verbs.

The pre6x per, plus the suffi x kan or

i

is applied to

some root words to form transi tive verbs which may then

become

m(

derivatives. especially in literature.

, P ~ r b a i k i or mmtperbaiki. to mend, to improve.

P( ranakkan, or mbnperanakkan, to beget young .

The prefix

bf r

with a verb implies that the subject

fo

rm

s the action himself or upon himself, the derivative

being an infinitive or a present parti

ci

ple.

B ~ c h u k o r to shave oneself; iK rchampor, mixing.

Bf r, prefixed

to

a noun, forms an intransitive verb.

r k a m p o n g

to assemble; ~ r g u n a to

he

of use.

•

to forget lupa meJ.upakan u p a forgetful

to drink minum mlminum pmiinum a drunkard

to advise nasiliat mmasihat ~ n a s i h a t an adviser

to sing nyanyi mmyanyi penyanyil a minstrel

to pirate rompak m6rompak

~ r o m p a k

a pirate

to do buat m( mbuat p6rbuatan

2

act,

deed

to hit pukul mlmukul pt mukul a hammer

to steal churl m6nchuri pm.churi a thief

to sit dudok

m ~ n d u d o k

plndudok inhabitant

to sell jual

mmjua

l p6:ljuaI a salesman

to write tulis m6nulis p( nulis a writer

to teach ajar mmgajar plngajarA .an instructor

to spell e ja m6ngeja ejaan

4

spelling

to tie ileat mtngikat p( ngikat a bond

to treat ohat m ~ n g o b a t i ptngooot a balm

to measure

ulcor

mmgukor ukoran

4

measurement

to dig gali

m ~ n g g a l i

p6nggali

a

spade

to escort hantu m ~ g h a n t a r ptnghantar a guide

to dirty lrotor m ~ n g o t o k a n p( ngotor untidy

to sweep sapu mmyapu pmyapu a broom

NOTES

1. Tukang

Dyanyi, a

singer.

PI d

eriva

tives denoting the agent or

instrument are often replaced by

natUial

nouns or compound

s,

whilst the verbal fonn may

sbn

d both for the implement and the

work

it performs, i.e. sapu, a broom.

2. The pre

fix plr wit

h or

wi

thout

th

e

suffilt

an, fonns no

uns,

which ,

if

fr

om ve

rbal

roots, denote the resultant of the action

nam e

d.

and if from oth er

parts

of speech, denote a quality associated

with the roo t

wo rd

.

Plm5:ilp,

a censer.

3.

The prefilt

pi

, with or without the s

uffi

lt an, in volves the

use

of mod ifications to the initial letter of th e roo t word,

e.g.

plngajamn,

tea

ching, instruction; but pliajanm, knowledge, from bli ajar, to learn .

4.

Th

e lu

ffilt

an crates

bo

th nou ns an d adject i

ves.

e.

g.

ta1i

uk

OC

ID .

a

b pe·measure;

orang

paoggiian,

a guest.

It can be suffixed to

a

1l0UD to

create an other conb ining some resemblance to th e fint, e.g. rambutan,

a sh

aggy fruit,

from

ra

mbut, hair, and if added to re.duplicated words

indicates the

whole

dan or

range,

e.

g.

buah·bua

,

all

sorts of

fr

uit.

104 M A L A Y M A D E

EASY

MALAY PROVERBS

(Extracts 'from 'Malay Proverbs', by

A.

W Hamilton

,)

M A L A Y

M ADE EASY

MALAY QUATRAINS

(Extracts

from

'Malay Pautuns' , by A. W. Hamilton.)

105



Like plates and dishes dashing

at

the slightest lack of care-

The continual bickerings of an ill-assorted pair.

Bagai pinggan dengan mangkok, salah sl dikit hl ndak

t ~ r a n t o k

The onlooker may

be

in

is

most sympathetic state,

But the shoulder 'neath the burden

is

the one to feel the

weight.

B ~ a p a b&-at

mata ml manclang bl rat juga bahu mmillrul.

There

is

fine

as

well

as

we

t:

Some day I'll get even yet.

Ada hujan ada panas, ada hari boteh balas.

To sit like a frog 'neath a coconut

shell-

The smug stay-at-homes who in ignorance dwell.

S e ~ r t i

katak di-bawah tbnpurong.

Were there no breeze the trees would not

quiver

But for a fire there is no smoke soever.

Kalan tiada angin ta' akan pokok

~ r g o y a n g

A debt of gold we can repay;

Kindness indebts till

OUf

dying day.

Hutang mas boleh di-bayar, hutang budi di·bawa mati.

Pleasure 6rst with pain to

follow-

Sinful joys which lead to SOITOW.

SMap dabulu sakit kem.udian.

Wh

ere do ants die but in

sugar?-

Men risk ruin for their pleasure.

Di-mana semut mati kalau tidak dalam gula?

NOTE; Terantok, to clash. Bahu, a shoulder. Kabk, a frog.

Tempurong, a coconut·shell. Goyang, to shake. Budi,

kindness. Sldap, pleasant.

•

•

•

.

LOVE'S COMMENCEMENT

Whence the dove on outstretc

hed

pinion?

From the swamp

to

6elds apart.

Whence the dawn of love's dominion?

From the eye it 6res the heart.

Dari mana punai melayang?

Dati

paya turun ka

.,

padi.

Dari mana datang sayang?

Dari mata turon ka-hati.

HOPE SURPASSING

However high the palm .tree stretche

s,

Higher still is smoke of

fire.

However high Mount Ophir reache

s,

Higher still my heart's desire,

Berapa tinggi puchok pinang,

Tinggi lagi asap api.

Berapa tinggi Gunong Ledang,

Tinggi lagi harap hnti.

DEPARTED DAYS

On Penang

's

isle the town is new,

Where Captain Light was harbour-master,

Pass not the old times in review,

Lest welling tears bl;lt ow the faster.

Pulau Pinang bandar-nya barn,

Kapitan Light menjadi shahbandar.

Jangan di-kenang zaman dulu,

Dudok mengalir ayer mata.

NOTES; I. Pantnn, a quatrain consisting of two coupitts, the latter

of which com'e} S tlle

meaning,

wh

il

st the

former forms

a foil or suggestive setting.

2.

Punai, the green pigeon. ' Mllayang, to float down.

Paya

, a swamp. Puchok, leaf tips. Gunong, a mountain.

Kllnang, to

dwell

upon. Zaman, a period. Ml"ngalir,

to

flow.

106

M A L A Y

M A D E EASY

VOCABULARY

107

SYLLABIC VOCABULARY

ba

sket

ba kol

b

isc

uit, D.

his knit

"

k I no jaDe

"

(crisp)

U w poll.

C = Chinese; 0 =

Dut

ch; E

=

English; H

=

Hindustani;

ba th (bathing tim pat·man di bite

gi

, i t

bitter

pa (h)

it



J

=

Indon

esia n; J= Ja

va nese; P

=

Portugu

ese

.

•

place)

"

(b

ilk) D.

b'"

bla

ck

hi tam

A

bathe

IIl l1n di bl

anket

I

Ii

Dlut

able

bo kh

anotller( mo re) 13 , i

batik

b:i tek

d

'

P

b o ~

, w

"

(d ifferen t ) bin

,=

,

P'

'

boo,

$;1

m p.m

acco

rding

'0

i kut answer

ja

WliIIb

bo

od ,

.. (sh ip's) D.

W'

ito chi

account

k in

,

$I mut

.

bchaDi:

boatswain,

H.

=

accustomed

hi .

SolI

appearllllCC

ru

P '

,

b han

"

D.

"'" =u

,cl

sa

kit

Ap ri

l, D.

'P

riI

,

pu ku

l

body

'

'.

""'"

51 bI l l lIl,

An b

, nb

beautiful chan tck boil

r ' bus

'

d

tun

00b areca·nut pi naD&:

because

f:a 5:1

1,

pa sal

"

(bubble)

Olin d j

deb

aff

air

pfr

ka fa

a

rm

(fore)

na ..

(reason) . .

..

(water) rna salt

a

ff

ection

-

around

k. Ii lin&

U r a n a ~

E.D.

bu

ku

afra

id

ta kot

,=, b ng kap

I.

ka r ' na

~

su ra t, ki tab.

after

I,

p u

an i,'c sam pal

ja di

ka sut

u

bis artisan

tu

hng. ju ru

bed (sleeping' tam paMi dot

~ m

p.

5 pI tu

"

(later)

k ~ u ) d i au

ascend

~ i k

place) Ia hir

"

I.

kl mu di an

as

hamed

= ' u be(h pread, D.

slprai

bo

rr

ow

pin jam

(nex t)

hi Ia kana

,,

'

"

,..

•

beer, E.O .

biT bo

ttl

e, E. ho tol

aft ernoon

-

as l.: 'for

min

ta

before {fronl}

d l

pan

bott

om . .

~ h

J.

~

"

(formerl

y)

d

(a

h)u lu

howl

mang kok

aga iu

Jail

August,

D.

au gus

tus

bet in

mil

Iai

bo

,

pi

'

g'

u mor

awake ja sa

be ind

b l l a b n i

i=

ko tak

.g

o

ud i

B

believe

pir cha ya

~

D. ~

agreement

jan ji

bell, C.

10 cheng

hu

dak

alh

'e

hi

dup

bah) , E.O .

b d i

.

below

' ~ h

,,(se

rvant) E .D.

bo

y. jong

os.

,11

5 mu a

..

k

b i Ia

kani

bo

lt

ta I

i·

,,(yo

ung) P.

sin yo

"

5 aa

1a

bacon, E .O . be kin, spek

(waist)

ping gang

bracelet

1

lani

"

51 ka

Ii an

bad (wicked)

ja

hat

bench, P . bani

1m

brand, H .

chap

allow uri

"

,.

j l

lek

beside sa·

hi

lah

brave h i ra ni

(let )

bi

If

,. (putrid)

bu

sok

betel·leaf

si reh hr

ead, H .

to

ti

alm

os

t

urn pit

. . .. E.D.

bek, las

between

di.

Un

g ah

b

,k

p i chah

alone

.... nna

....,'

-

be

...

; re

an

taora

(in two) , b b

already

ru

" 'b

,,

tim' ja sa (0

'[

rope) pu tus

although

SUlli

ao

ll·

pun

ball, P.

bob

1.

a

ti

-a

Ii

bright ti l rang

1.

mls ki·

pun

bamboo, H.

'm

bu

•

~ c l c E.

bai

si

kal

bring

ba a

a1 ;;'5

51 la lu banana

pi sang

big'

D.

56 pc da

b= d Ie bar

Am

er

ic:om a me ri u n

bant

le g.....

hi ,

broker, E.

hi

ro

kar

among di·

t l , ah

boIn , E.D.

benk, bank

b ill

ki I ll D.

rna U

, .

d

daD, wa

'''

'

tong

ung

(reckoning)

rek en

ing br;,'th er (elder)

a bani

ang

ry

~ h

,k

ku lit

D.

(Tamil)

....

animal

bin a tana

,=

1

....

b ird

hu

ron

£;

H.

n

noy

ka cbau rosin

mang kok

biscuit, E.

his

kot

J.

'''''

Note.

-Le t ten

in brackets are o

mitted

i . speech.

M .M . :.

9

108

VOCABULARY

VOCABULARY

1

09

cin

e

ma W2

12ng-

~ ~ ,

brother

(younger) a del:

,h

,,(pictures)

gamba,

E.D.

ku ki, ko

ki

" (Tamil)

bm

(ready)

wang-tu

nai

" (hioscope) D. bio skop

~

H

ku

Ii

brush, E.

h i . . .

D.

kon tan

circumstances hal

co ral (rock)

ka

romg

I.

si

kat

cashier,

D.

ka

sir



•

clamour

hi

sing

co rrect

Hul

buckd, H.

bal

di

,,'

1m

ch

ina:

class, E.D. ke

las

,,

'

bar K3

·

buHd

D. om

be<

catch

tallg kap

cl

ean

b.J,

couch, E.

bus

i kat

cattle

Mm h u

cl

ear t rang

(bench )

I.

bang ku

bully

sa

m seng

ty

bti

clerk, H . k l r ao i cou nt

kim

bum

ba kar

pa sal, & sal

,

J.

iu m ou

lis

hi bng

"

'

c l e ~ e r

= m

.. . ~ s o n )

'''

pan dai

counb'y n

d ' ri

bus,

E.

hm

ceiling, E.

si

li n

K

j.

pm

tar

tu

tup

b

usiness

kf f

ja

D.

pb

fOD

·

coverlet

~

Ii

mutlimb uaik

b"

t i ta pi

cement, KO.

si men,

54

men

clock jam crime

g b b

butt

er, P.

mIn te aa

cen t, E.O.

=

'

'.

J.

Ion cheug

cr

ossroa

d

sem paJll

button , E.

hu tang

centre

Mng

ah

cloth

h in

tty

mll nang is

(bolt )

lean

china:

ce

rtain

tofn tu

d Olnes

pa h i an

tang

is

b"

bI Ii

Ceylonese .

se

10D

club, E. U lab

I.

nang is

by

o leh, dek

chain

nn

tai

" (society) D. SOl

" P

mang

kok

C

cha ir

U

IU si

coachman, H . sais

.. ( ') C.

cha wan

cabbage,

E.

D.

ko bis, kol

chalk

JI

D.

ku sir cupboa r

d,

P. al rna ri

c:abin, E .D.

ke bin,

hut

champagne, ED sam

pin

•

'

ba jll

curry, H. bri

cabobs, J.

u"

change

tu kar

,

D.

j. . (to) gubi

-

cake

hdl

'

'''P

rn ,

rnb

coconut

U

La

pa

cushion

ban tal

E.

,,'

cheese, P.

ke ju

..

uyi or

customs, E. kas

tam

ki ra

chetty,

H. che

ti

T

(cream)

sa

n tan (dues) D.

du an

alculate

'

''

pana- gil

chicken

.

.,...

,

coffee, E .D.

ko

pi.

'

po

t

camera

pi

ti-gam hcJr

child

a oak

<

<old

sI jok

cu t (cleave)

bh

D.

1ro

chilli

chi Ii, la

cia

J. ding in

D

(able)

bul'

"

(pep

pers)

c

ha bai

·

.

collar, ED ko

hr,

kl rah

I.

hi sa

"

J.

10m bo.

colour

~ M

'-

ki tis

~ ~ d 1 e Ii

lin

chi

mney, E.

chim o j

comb

si kat

d,m

am pang

'

ko lek

(lamp) D .

gIaS-lam po

I. si sir

dancing·sir roDg

gena-

'P

ko pi ah

Chinese

c

hi na

,

m,

da tana:

jo get

(Malay)

song kok C.

ti

ong.

ho

a

(hither)

=ri

dark

g. lap

P

'

tan

jong (doctor)

(out )

t hb i t date ha ri·bu

laD

ap b in, E.

kap

taD

chocolate, R.D.

cbo ki lat

(on)

l

.yo

J.

tang gal

D.

kapi

ten cholera, E.D.

ko Ie ra

comm

and

hu

kum

daugh t

er

(of)

biD

ti

card,

ED

kat,

kal

tu

choppe

r pa

faD i

•

commission,

E.

urn

'y

t..r i

care

(heed)

p i

du Ii

Christian,

E.

kris

ti an

" (brokerage)D.

ko m.i. I i daytime si ang

J.

plr

du Ii

D. his

ten

companion b ~

do"

rna hal

ca;riage (cart)

kI re ta

Chr

istmas,

E.

kis mis

company, ED.

kOm

p i

ni

debt bu

tang

(gig) beD di

church, p .

g l

re ia

complete chu

kUp

d=r<d

bu rok

(pony) I . sa do

cigar, E .D. si gar

compose December, D. de scm

bIr

cony

' ~

(cheroot)

chi r t

concerning

tin

talll

d

,p

da lam

" (on shoulder) pi kul

I.

r u t u

da ri hal definite

tin

hi

,

t tap

-case (court) hi cha Jl1

cigaret te

TO kok

consul,

E.D.

kon sol

descend

to=

E.

~

E.D. si g.l ret

110

VOCABULARY

VOCABULARY

I I I

.desire

rna

(h)u

Dutch, D.

hoi

Ian cia

-"

h i

Ian

ia

'n'

plr ta rna

d ~ t a i n

hln dalt

dwe

ll

du dok

.. (outla

y) D

oug kO$

" (of all )

m u

hi

ta

haD

E

expensive rn

a

hal

' ,h

i lean

.devil

sha i

tin

~ e D

kI

113 fish ·trap

ke loug



" (sa tan), I.

" b .

ti

ap

·ti ap

•

-'

jn ru

litting pa tut, ba IU$

.. (fiend)

i blis

(every)

rna sin

g.Dl

lI sing

atinguish

pa

dam

,,,

Ji rna

-die

rna ti

1.

g 'n

.,.

,,

pa

sa llg

.different

lain

te

Iillg

II

flag,

P. ben de

ra

.difficult

su salt

" 1.

ku ping

F

fl,'

ra la

-<lig

ou t

ko

rck

carth

ta

Dab

Resll

da

aina

.dirty

ko tOr

ea

sy

s I nall&

f

ron ka

floo, ta

Dah

discuss

bi

eM

ra

I.

gam pani:

'

fa

cing

ha dap,

tin

taug

flower

bung a

t

ilia kan •

:factory,

D.

pa hi

rik

dish

mang kok

'

te pi

fair

tut

1.

k'm bang

.dismiss

bu aug

fly

t

lr ball. :

.district. ED. dis bik

.. 1.

ping gir

.. (rcasonable)J.

pon

. . .

fold

Ii pat

.. (officcr)

D. kOD

t f f

1

J:

'gg

t l lor

II

ia tob

follow i kilt

" J.

bu pa ti

eight

(dI ) Ia

pan

...

ki

pas

tu

rut

-disturb ka chan

" 1.

d l

Ia

pan

b,

jauh

f ~

rna u n

I. b chait

elder

lei tu a

ru'

pu a sa

ma lean

an

electric, E.

lele

trile

..

,

Sl mok

f ~ t

divide

00. (ha) ai

D. IUtrik

Il

a sib

lea

ki

<10 bu at

employ

ta t

e

10'

ba

gi

.

b i

•

father

' p '

(serve)

ja di

l ~ t y

ko song

I-

bn

at

-doctor, KO. dole tor

on'

ha

his

:fathom

d.

pa

forbid

1a

raug

c.

engine

E.D.

en

ji

ll

iault

sa Jail

fOfest lIu

tan

~ ~ b r

an jina

engineer, E.

en

jill

t

" (mistake) si l

ap

" (secondary) hi lu lear

ring git

" O.

in si nyo

f,,,

ta kut

forget I

II pa

-done

'

doh

English, E. ing ge r

is

least

kfn du I i

forgive am pun

don

't

jang an

enough

chu

kup

-feather

bu Iu

fork, P .

gar pu, gar fu

<100'

pin

tu

enter

>Ok

..

February, D.

februari

fo

nn er

ly

d (ab)u

lu

.:lozen, E .D.

do l .el l , 10

sin

l ,1 g=

fttl

'0 . .

<lnw tn lis

err or g lob

<em.1,

b f t iWl

fortune

UII tong

drawer, P. b chi

pe

bn

<on",

pa

gar

four

11m

pa t

,

m pat

< I

pa leai

,,,,,,

,

bon

,

foteh alii bi

fowl

.m

drink

m; num

estuary

leu a Ja

f ett er

pa

sollg

free, D.

p

.drive

' ~

Eurasian $Il ra oi

I,w

sf

di leit

French p i tan ehis

I.

ia Jan lean

D.

in do sik it

fre

sh

ba (ha)

ru

..

(away)

ha lau

European e fO pah

field P;I. dang

Fri day jilin a

at

"

J.

u sir

cvenmg

pi tang

•

Ja pang au

f r i ~ ~

jow a

hat

. d r i ~ e r H.

...

).

~

Ond ·

da

pat

lea

wan

" E.

drai ha

' '''

. , . ,

ruili

OO

ba au s

:: I.

sa ha

bat

" (chaufleur)D. so

pir

cvery

$Il mu a

" (beautiful) e 10k

53 bat

drunle

rna bole

evidence

sale 5i

finger

103

ri

" (companion)

tfrn

an

<1'1'

Uring

examine

.,.",,,

finish

ha bis

from

'ri

ducle

i td:

excellen t

'" ,w

' '

a pi front

d . pan

l-

I>< 1><.

:;\

me-Jain lean

" (to)

g

(be for

e)

ha da paD

.d

urian

du ri lID

P '

bu ana

fireplace

'" P"

fruit I>u

ah

112

VOCABULARY

>1

,

t.

,

VOCABUL

ARY

113

fey

,0_

grind

gilm,

~

hol iday

ba ri-bHaz'

I

full

p i noh (circular)

I d =

g r ~ H .

.. (leave)

H. cbu

t i

jam, ED.

jem,

sf

Iai

G

I.

to

kang

. k.u

da

home

ru

mah

January,

D.

)'liD U an

boop

gl lang

jl

pun



ground

~

• Japanese

pfft t

SU

i1der ru pi ah

hop<

' Dp

I.

j l pan&:

gallon

,, 'bog

guilty

a Lili

t:

hom

tan dok

ja

r,

'0.

to ,

E.

,,

1=

.OO

sl na

pang

bone

ku . . .

J

aVllnese

ja wa

gambier

gam bit

D.

si

na

pan

hospital,

E.D.

bos pi tal

jetty. E

ieti

gambling

iu di

•

hot

pa nas

{.

" (bridge)

I.

ilm ba tan

,.

gaol, ED.

jel, bui

H

~

ho

tel, ED. ho

tel

low

ya hu di

garden

Uhun

hour

jam

joy

sn

ka

gas, ED.

...

hair l i m

but

house

ru mah

ha kim

, to

pin to

(body)

hu

lu

.. (stone)

" doug

jud

ge

'

.

June, D.

yo

oi

eeotltman

tu

• •

sa.

ting

ah

bow (in wha t

rna cham.

Gttm..

jlI

man sf

pa

rob

woy)

~

July,

D.

yu li

h;m,

ED.

'

get

...

, t

hem, h;am

~

':.

(much)

ha pi.rna na

K

" (incur)

k ~

, .d

tang an

blI _

pa

.. (up)

bani

un

handcu

ff

' ~ o g

bundred

Dbu

kapok

(cotton)

Ita bu-b bu

ghost

han tu

handsome e

10k ~

hungry

b

pn

I.

pok

gid

(young)

1.

no ni

h3ppen

j3 di

) ,

h ,rt

sa

kit

<ep

sim pan

give

Ita si. hi

ri

h a ~ y

ru ""

•

~

husband

b i d

ketchup

ki

chap

" (divide)

ba gi

h'

k i m

I

kettle,

ED.

ke tel

glass, E.D.

hat,

H.

to pi

~

key

tun ehi

" (material)

have

,

..

sa (h

3)

ya

a nak·kun

chi

,

,0

pI(r)

gi

h'

di

a,

ill

a ku, ham ba

bu

ah·piDg

gang

;

kidney

pigi

hO><

U pa la

'co

ay er·ba to

kind

ma cham

.. (out)

k' In ar

" (of house)C

tau

ke

,.

, E.D

ais,c:s

ba ,al

" (home) pu

1aIli:

headman ping hu In

.

if '

ji Ita lau

t i l ja

ing

" (back)

. kk (official)J. w6

da

na

ii b , b lan

kitchen

......

" (by)

b ',

h ,

ding

ar

ill

sa kit knife

pi sau

goo

t b m bing

heart

ha

ti

"

<Ii-

know

b(h)u

God

uLi l i

h,,, Y

h i nt inch,

E.D.

in chi, dim

(du n'no)

In tab

gold

mas, 'mas

hedge

.....

incur

k iM

geod

k

helmet, H.

to pi

Ind

ian

hin

di

a

L

......

ba rang

help

t?.I?D

ink'

(Bengal)

bin , sa

la

H.

ku Ii

governor. ED . gub I t Ilor

here

om

da wat

labourer,

gown, E.D. 10k

hide

slm bu nyi

" P.

tin ta

I,d

bu dak

grain

hi

ji high

t inggi

,

inside

. . .

brn

odd«

tana

Ga

•

grandfather

''''''

hill

bu kit

inspect

p ' rek sa

lady,

E.

m,m

<DP

'

ang gor

hire

,,,

instead of

gan

t i

.. C .

o yo oyah

ODU

rum put

hit

P ' kuI

interfere

ka cMu

lamp, P.

lam pu

" (coarse)

bbog hoe cbaDg

Iml

in terval

51 lana, Iat _

land

" ~ h

.tt .,

miuyak

I·

..

obul

invite

p3na

ei1.

a jak

(shore)

cia

r3t

10 rong

t

.. a. hold

p

.....

(i

n)

ilm put

D.

,

hi jau 1.

pe

....

iron

...

P

t a ~ g U 3 8 e

"''''a

reetings

" bok

hole

10 -

island

pu

lau

't

di 3

,.ego

.....

11

4

V

OCA

DUL

A

RY

la t

e lam

bat

I.

]i

wat

•

(s

l

ow)

D. t. lat

laugh tlr ta wa

1i\"c

" (dw

el l

)

.. (reside)

liver

eli

am

du dok

ling ad

ha

li

1

' f

,

O12rk

et

mm y

m aster

E.

VOCAB

U

LARY

' g ,

b (h) win

tu

mas

tal

Monday

money

" (doit) D.

monopolr , D.

sl nen

du

it

pa

jak

115



I. 'taWIII

lawy er, E. 10 at

D.

pa

kif

roJ

lazy lUll las

lea f wlln

Ic;l r

ll h i

Ia

jar

lea

th

er ku

lit

leave, H. elm

t i

" (furl

ough)

D. p4"r lop

left

ki ri

leg ka

ki

lemon Ii mau

I.

ill" rok

Icl;d (lin jam

l

ess

xu

raug

l

et

hi af,

ka

s.i

.. (go)

I . pas

lettcr U rat

" (alphabet) h

l r hu

lUI'

Ic\"cl

I 'll

la

li

ce

nce, E.

bi

sen

" (pennit )

D.

pir mit

li

d

tu tup

lie bo bong

.. (untruth ) I. jus ta

lift

a

ll

g

kat

lig

ht

ring an

" J. ell teng

" (set) pa sang

" (fire) a pi

lighter tons

ka

ng

" (barge)

C

toa ko

like

su ka

" (ki

nd)

m l

cbam

" (as)

54

pilI Ii

lime ka por

limit bing

ga

liqueur,

D.

so

pi

list, E.D. lis, Jais

lis ten di ng ar

little

kI

chil

(few) 54

di kit

.. sik

it

lock

D.

locker

long

long time

look

.. (see)

" (

af t

er)

(out)

I.

100'"

lorry, E.O.

lose

loss

love

low

M

machin

e,

E.

D.

mad

madam, E.

r.

magistrnte.

E

..

D.

(Is

lamic)

maiden

"

J.

maidscrvant,

J.

mail,

E.

D.

main (great)

majesty

maloe

Malaoori

Mal

ay

" (script)

male

man (person)

" (male)

many

m

,p

M arch, D.

mark (tradc) H.

kun

chi

10,

ko

tal:

pan jaoe.

b

m,

teng ok

Ii (h)at

ia g:a

,

~

rup.>

10

ri

hi lang

ru

gi

ka

reh

lio da il

me sh in

rna sin

2"i ]a

mom

nyo

n

Yli

h

ilia

j

is

tret

bn '

ka

th

i

a nak.da

rao

pi ra

wan

ba

bu

mol

D"

tu an ku

bi kin,

bu at

m.

I .

00 ri

m la yu

ia wi

jan

tan

Oran

g

Ia

ki·1a ki

jan

hln

ba uyak

gamool

m'rt

cl p

•

A

,

.

.

I .

,

\

:

,

,

•

•

m

" (awning)

mat

ches,

E.

mat

ter

mattr

ess

.. D.

Ma y,. D .

m eamng

meo'

m echanic

m edicine

m"

mes

se

nger, P.

" (o

ffi

ce·bor)

D

mid

dle

'1llidnb (l

ea

f)

mil

e (stone)

" E.D.

'1llilk

mill

I.

" (band)

million, E .D.

m ~ d (h eed)

min

is

ter (sta te)

minute,

E.D

.

mirror

" 1.

M iss,

E

I.

'tIlismke

(Malay)

mistress, E,

m

ix

" (stir)

l.

M ohammedan

moment

" ago

ti

kar

ka

jallg

rna chis

ko rek4

pi

lu

i

ti lam

bol

sak

mai

Ir

ti

da ging

ti l kaog

U bat, 0

bat

jurn pa

pi

un

tim bi

o

P"

ting ah

l idi

ootu

rna 'I, pal

SII

su

ke alii

gi lilli

an

ki sar an

mil y

un

ju ta

po du Ii

min

t. Ti

mi nit

chlr

min

. . ,ru.

rni 5i

no

••

sa

lab

5i bp

I n

eheJc:

m'm

c

ham

por

ka chan

ka chok

is lam

sa·1ei

jap

sa·hln tar

ta di

mon th

moo.

morc

" . (the)

momlng

nlosquito

" curta in

most

" 1.

mother

motorcar,

E

" (auto) D.

moustache

mouth

m uch

mud

multiply

must

mustard, E

" D.

nail

name

(of Cod)

na pkin,

E.

N

" (sc

rv

ie

tt

e)

D.

natul1llly

neo,

nearly

necessary, I.

.

ttk

.

«d

needle

never

~

Jews

.

,,

'

l.

nice, J.

night

" (last )

n ine

bu

Ian

bu lao

16 beb, Ia &i

I I l2

kin

pa gi

n )'ll

mok

U

bill

bu

s a h l i

pa ling

mak, i mak

1110 to kar

o

to,

mo bil

mi

sai

mu

l

ut

ba ny

ak

lum por

pu kul

mls ti . mis ti

m

ls

tad

mOl t il

pa

ku

"a ma

bis mil lah

"ep kill

sill bet

Cle m :lIl j:

dl:i kat

ham pit'

pir

lu

Ie

ber

u sah

ja rum

ta '-pEr nah

ba(ha) ru

k(b)a oo.r

dfl pan

d,i·mu ka

e

nak

ma lam

sa·ma bm

$1m bi Ian

116

VOCABULARY

nipah-palm oi

pab

no

ti

dale

.. bu Un

noISC bu uyi

oth

(CVCf)')

ought

outside

bio

sO bog,

lat

paJut

In aT

~

~ pilgrim

~

pilfow

• pin, E.D.

pineapple

VOCABULARY

117

ha ji

''''

in, p4 ui ti

priest, P .

(pastor) 0 _

.. (

Isl.:l

mic)

I

,a

d, Ii

...

to<

i mam

pin

di

ta



noiW

bi

sin&

n

ose

hi doug

not

ti dale, ta'

yet bf 10m

note (oonl:),

E.

Dot

noti

ce

,

E.

no tis

nought,

E.D.

si par, uul

.. (void) ko song

Nov

ember, D.

no

vem

bit

now

I lea

rang

number,

E.

nom

bor

D.

DO

mOl

.. (figure) an&:

ka

nurse, ED

.

nas, $U.S

tlr

nursemaid, H . ay

ab

(Chinese) .a

mab.

.. (Ja

....

nese) ba bu

o

ob<y

o'clock

October,

D.

office

, E.D.

officer,

E.D.

often

(frequently)

..

J.

oil

old

00

onion

on ly

OP'

op

era (Malay)

opium

opposite

0<

..

1.

annge

d ~ r 1.

i

kut

pu leu]

ok to

blr

o

pis, lean tor

op sir

$I

Ia In

U rap

r i ng

mi

nyU

Ju .

di- II tas

ba waDi

sa (hal ja

t

hu

rna

bu '

bang sa wan

chan du

51 hi rang

•

bu

.

Ii man

j f ruk

m rob

oversetr

.. (Tam il )

ou,

owo

owne

r

I.

p

po<

= dO<

bndi l

bu

tang

pu oya

tu an

'1 01 bu

sa

pi

pa

pa

t

pack

sim pan

pain sa kit

pai

nt

chat

pair sa-pa

sang

palace

is ta na

pantry, D. I pen

paper kif t:Is

pardon rna

af,

I l l l I hap

pa

rents

rnak-ba pa

pa

st

Ia

In

I. li wat

pavilion ba lai

pawpaw p i pa YlI

pay ba yar

peace(be

on

yo

u) sa

lam -a lai

lam

pen,

E.D.

pen

..

P. pe

na

pencil, E.D. pen siJ

,

pot lot

people

0

rang

pepper

Ia

da

.. J.

mil

ri

cha

perh

aps. ba rang-b

U

permi

SS

ion, D.

plr

wi

si

person

pe trol, E.D.

ph otograph

picture

(po rtrai

t)D

.

picul

piece

pig

i2: in,

ij

in

o raug

beu zin

21m bar

aam bar

1'0<1,,,

pi

kul

U pina:

ba

bi

i

pistol, E.D.

- pity

, .. (alas)

, i .

pial "

h

' . pain

~ .. ' J_

,

plank

plan t

.. (bury)

plat

e

.. I.

p

lar

1'

1=

.. (God)

pocket,

E.D.

pod

point

police,

E.

, .. D.

, \ policema n

.. D.

, , '

,

,,

,

polish

pond

Portuguese

,..,. .

particle

post, E.D .

potato

I.

pound,

ED.

POU'

powder, E _

(face)

1-

p<own

.. (crisps)

p<oy

prepare

present

E.

pret

ty

previous

price

00

=

pistol

U

si

an

tim

pat

pa dang

a lun-a

I UD

'

pm

po 1:ok

b nam

ping pn

pi ring

oWn

••

n sha-a1

lah

po ket, sa ku

1::a

chang

tun

jok

po

lis

po Ii

si

ma ta-

mab

o pas-po

U si

go sok

ko

bm

par tu

gis

.

pu

u hi

k

in

tana:

paun,

pond

til

ani

po

dar

W dak

II

dang

U

ro

poi:

s

lm

ba(h)-yang

si ap

pj,=

chan

tel:

du lu

har sa

I.

prince

(Malay)

..

J.

.. 1-

print, H.

profit

promi

se

proper

proud

provided

pudding

111 ia

teng

ku

IJ3D

a e ran

den

chap

un

tong

j:m

ji

pa

hit

so

m

bo

ng

,I

1::u eh

(boiled)

pull

punbh

, H .

push

E. pu dina:

. .

pa

na kah

put

pu trid

quarre

l

quart

quart

er

Q

:: (25

cents) J.

queen (Malay)

q uestion

quick

.. (hurty)

raise

rattan

teach

~

r

eady

:: D.

rea

so

n

R

to

roh

bu

sok

Wr

kI

b(h)i

dIU pak

. .

ku

p l r

am pat

sa·hI Ii

t

'ng ku-am pU:ln

b n

I

lk

ch'

pat

bang .sa

po<

hu jan

ang kat

fO

hln

sa

m pai

ba eha

si ap

sf

di a

U br

.. b

pa sal, fa

sal

11

8

VOCABULARY

receip t,

E.O.

" (cash ) D.

receive

recent

fa sit, ril III

kwi tan 5i

II ri rna

' r u

,oom

oot

D.

hi lek

ka

maT

a kar

tali

se ile

seldom

If

VOCABULARY

119

tang kap

ia llInJjl

sin

di

ri

sinee

.. I.

sister

(older)

51

min

jak

Sfl

jak

ka

kak

II

dek



,,

,,,r

regent,

E.

regis ler,

l ~ t i c

D.

release

r

emain

remember

remove

,,,,t

replace

reply

(letter)

r

es

ident, E.O.

restful

resthoU$C, E.

I.

return

me r.&h

ka rang ·

ri

jen

Ttl

gen

rej is

tar

an l Ii ken

sau

da

III

14

pas

ting gal

lug at

aug 1::11

se wa

gan

Ii

ja 1\ 1lb

''''

es

i

den

~

'm

a sang gl fa han

ba lek

I. kern ba Ii

,,(hom e) po bng

rcvcnuC'-o ffi cc r,

C. chin teng

rice (cooked) na si

,, (

hu sked) b4

IllS

, ,(paddy) pa di

rich Ita ya

ricksha,

C.

be ch:l

right

" (correct)

(Penang) lang eha

ka

nan

be

tul

lIa rus

lila sak

rna t4ug

ballg till

SUllg

ai

lea Ii

{p

r

opc'T

}

ripe

,.

rise

r

iv

er

" J.

,

ood

,. I.

roll

roman (Latin)

WIll311 izcd

ja Ian

ia I3n an

gil ling

ro =.

Tn

mi

i><

rotten

row

rub

rubber

J.

, a

' P'

Russia

t

" d

sack, H.

"r,

go

sail

salling·ship

salary

I t

m,

..

(aU the)

samp:m , C.

P

Sa turday

sauce, E.O.

saucer

sausage,

E.D.

y

;;liool,

P.

scissou

screw,

E.

.. D.

eal, H.

~ h

second, E.D.

sec retary, E.

D.

'co

" (l

oo

k)

I.

" (visible)

,d

s

btl rok

sa

..cJe ret

go

>ok

gl tab

k:t

ret

13 ri

IU

pi

ab

r uN

' n t

su

sa

li·

lm t i

gu

ni

se III JIlat

u

'u

b ,

pe TlI (b

)

u.

il t ji

ga

Will

sa

Ill

a

iu

ga

sa

m pan

gf tab

sab

tu,

sap

till

SOS,

saliS

pi

r i l l j ;

SO sis

bi

lang

'

e ko

Iali

gu

n tillg

. . kru

sf krup

lallt

,,, p

eli1 ri

'

sek ri ta ri

se

k

ri

ta tis

teng ok

Ii

(h )

at

nam pak

bi ji

•

•

r

-,

•

.

•

"n

September,

D.

seven

'w

sh

all

shape

share

s h ~ f P

shave

,h

sheath

,h

<d

,h 'P

" 1.

sheet

"

Ib<d)

" H.

sheikh

5h illing, E.

ship

sh irt,

P

,h ,

"

1'

.

, oot

shop _

" J.

sh

ort

sh

ould

shut

,hy

Siamese

" (

nlai)

sick

side

" (ooge)

" (d ish)

sign, E.O.

silent

I.1

..er

ill

al

h:m tar

ki

rim

hn

ku

Ol

scp te

rn bIr

to joh

ja (hJit

lIa

n

Ii

ru

P'

ba (h:l) &i an

un 10k

ha

bu

a

ll

la jam

diU

l.:

or

di a, ia

sa rollg

bang

5:11

bi

ri-

bi

ri

dom ba

l.:e

ping,

lai

56 Ii

ULu

t

eha

hI

shekll

56

l

inK

Ita pal

ke me ja

kl sut

sa pa

tu

tem

k6 dlli

IVa rong

pen dek

pa tut

til lup

ma 1\1

si am

tai

sa

kit

sa-hi lah

te

pi

sam 001

sain, tek ken

di

11m

pe rok

.. (younger)

.. (Japanese)

si

t

six

sk ill

skirt

slave

slccp

sl i

pllC

T E.D.

sl

ow

sl

owly

s f l \ ' ~ l l

I.

smokc

so (thus)

::

(like that)

:: (that)

.. (and

so)

It

e san

du dok

an am, In am

1m lit

sa

rong

h

am

ba

"do<

s

li

p.:.lT, slop

lam bat

pl (

T) ]a

han

p i ian

L:I

eb.i(1)

1:6 ebil

'P

ba i i IIi

hi gi ni

ba ei ti l

hi

ei

tu

su pa

YlI

a nil

sa bUll

sa rong.la

ki

" D.

bu

s

soda, E.D. oW cia

somc 00 r:mg

.. (fcw) sik

it

sometimes

ka

da n

g-

" (occasionall

y)

ka dang

.. (a t times), I. tempo-tcwpl»

son .II

nak

" (son of) bin

sort

rna cham

sound bu ur i

soup, E.O.

so

p

sour lila

sa

m

.. 1. a sam

sou

r

ce

a

5:1

1

speak elm kap

species

spectacles (eye·

glasses)

r.

hi

cha J:I

bang 5;1

c

hf

T nlin.lna tao

ka

cba·ma ta

1

20

V O C A B U L A R

Y

.

VOCABULARY

121

,

"

they

'.

tram,

E.D.

_ , tnm

'

df

IllS sure .m m

• ' th;do

t i t .

tree

po kok

'1 11

.weep

pn

.... r thin , ni

pis

I,

po hon

' I"

, d bI Lm

ia S

\\ 'CC

t

rna"; '

( '

,

"

(lean)

ltu

nl

S

trial

hi cha

ra

spirits

• n k

Sy<d

saiyid

th; ba nog

trisha

be

cba



-:.'

. .. (evil)

han tu

syndica t

e,

C,

kong si

,

t h i ~

Ii kif, pi kit

trouble

m u h

spoo n sin

do1-

",':

thinty

' '

(don' t)

ta'

pa yah

.'

"

.. (

la

dle) su du

T th

is

i ni

Iron ,

sf lu IIf

(tea) H.

cham eha

table. P.

me ja

,/

.

'

though

pn

"

I. ch

Ia

na

spring rna rn-lilly er

\,(..

th

ousand

ri bu

no

=

tll irs

...

ekM

..

th

md

bI

W " ,

_goh

I.

bun tot

,

stand

(e

ndur

e)

ta

han

"

th

=

tip

'"

cho

ba

stand up bit di

ri

tai lor,

H.

del

ii

•

,

throw

bu aug

tub, D .

-

tation, E.

ste shin

t a k ~

to kang-ja

it

Thund>y

.

lea

mis,

Urn is

Tu

esda

y

sf la sa

D,

stasi on

am hi .

II

ticke

t, E.

ti kct

Turkis

h

tut

ki

"

121k

eba up

,y

n;m t i

hi

cha

r:iII

,

"

D,

kar chis

tum

pu siu :

steal chu

ri

"

(gossip)

I.

he

i kat

"

I.

pu

tu

stem

'

"

m"""

(neck) D.

da

si

"

(revolve)

ki saT

II

tinggi

,

"

stew (m

ea

t)

kor rna

I

.

time w:a tu,

n ta $ l

do>

stick

t ong kat

Ta

mil

Uliog

(occasion)

li

tar, E.

'

"

still (more) b, ;

(delay)

t

an

poh

U

""te

ng

"

"

(yet) rna sell, rna si

taxi, E.

....

.. (manage)

slm

pat.

dan

ugly

t:a'chan k k

stocking, E.

s

to

kin,

tea,

C.

teh,clu

ti n,

E.n .

tin

,

blik

.. J.

jll

lek

stomach

p i

nit

teach

II

jar

"

L

'"

I

e.,.

umbre lla

stone

b"u

(metal)

ti mah

pa YOIl'

teacher, H.

mUll

shi

"

understand

h

stool, P. bang ku

gu ru

tired

pI

nat

L

mlng

Ilr ti

,top

bir (h )1n ti

tea'Pot, C .

te k"'"

"

J.

ch

a

pe

~ duJla b

.. (prevent)

t2 han

a1 t;I -m.a ta

to

sa rna, a ka.n

unripe

mn ' "

,

<me

gn

Wong

'teen

bO'"

•

.. (towards)

b , ka

poll

da

until sam paj

"

(shop) C.

to k.

1

e1cgr.am, ED. t:a

li

gram

tOllis t

ro

ti

-pang p llg

upcounlTy _

hu lu

, u

lu

storm

ri

but

.. (wire)

ka

VI

'at

"

E-

too

up

10

sa-hiDg

p-

story

(upper)

C . 10 tcoa

telep

hon

e,

E.

t:a Ii

pun

tobacco, P .

t.m b.a bt l

n",

n ~

stove

"'pM

D. t. pun

toddy

u ' k

(to)

pa

h i

straight (away)

Lmg w

"

toa

ether

m

tell

bi

Iani:

usuall)' bi a

sa

"

L

lao las

,

sa-pu lob

to·morrow

be

sok, e$O

k

strike

pu leul

(ccnts)

sa-ku

pane:

(d

ay

In g

V

string

ta l i

"

tongue

Ii

dab

strong ku

at

"

J.

sa-pi chis

I

t

oo

(as well)

ju p

bang A t

"

I,

sa-k1-

tip

""" , t

stupid

bo

doh

thanks

t.

i m

a-b seh

•

,,( "muc

h

tlr

lam pau

vai

n (in)

plr

c

hu

rna

substitute

pn h

th"

; u

,

hlr

b III

va

lue

h"

..

<;

too

th

su

btract

toW<

th.a t

ch

, "p

"

gi

ai

varnish bar

Ilis

suffer

kI

na

the

i

tu

, si

,

,t

'no

.w vegetable

D

yM

su

fficient c

hu kUp

th

eatre

w._

toty (Tamil ) to I i

"

L

sa

yo " an

g n u

D.

ko

me

eli

towel. p .

tu

a la verandah,

p,

hi mn da

su tan sui

tan

(Malay) bang sa

wan

"

D, an duk

""

"'n""

'"'

rna

ta

-

ba

ri

then

kErn

(u )

di an

,

town

p i

bn,

ban dar

viilage

a

mat,

saDa

Sunday

ha

ri.mina: gu

"

(only) baru

)j

"

I.

k" "

bm pong

"

,hod

th

"e

si

til, sa DI

':,

village

(rur:d)

I.

virginity

'wages, D,

'waist

w

aa

j

ping aang

who

why

wide

wife

(Penang)

(polite)

si a pa

a pa-pa sal

kI na

pa

a

WA

t

Ie bar

bi

ni

is t ri



waistcloth

'

wai

t

want

" (wish)

'V ': rdrobe, p,

arehouse

'\I '

ann

w:urant, E,

'wash

washennan, H,

Wlltch'

D.

'water

~

w,

\\-'Car

'Wednesday

\\ Cek, p

weight

\\ tll

,

'wharf, E.O.

......

hat

wheel, p,

when

" (ever)

" J.

wh ere

which

" (

that

)

while

white

I.

sa rong

n31

1

ti

tung gu

ja Ian

ma(

h)n

U n dak

al ma

ri

16m a ri

gu dang

Ila nas

W'J ren

elm c

hi

do b i

m

na tu

jam

at

10

ji

ay er, air

Ii

lin

ki b

pa

kai

fa

bu,

rl

bo

ming au

bI

baik

ba sah

WlIp, bo

rn

.'

od>

bi Ia

a

pn

,bi la

ka pan

rna na

rna na

.

I dang

Il na: ab

l

JU leb

wd

d

will

wind

window,

p,

wine

wink

wipe

wire

wish

with

" (together)

woman

wood

wool

work

wo

rkman

write

wrong

)'3rd

, E.D.

year

yellow

'-"

)

·es

terday

you

I .C,

" (Penang)

"

(I>o

lite)

)oung

youth

" I.

" (bachelor)

hI

tan

nan Ii

ang

in

jen

(d)e la

"'. '

e ja

p

u

pu

lea wa t

ma

(h )

1I

hen

cia};

sa

di n

g

an

p4r 1m pu an

yu

bn lu

kIT ja

hi

n i

ti l lis

501 fah

y

' "

a

(h )1l1

ku ling

"

a,ma lam

11 11

ma rin

eng kall, kau

ko we, lu

h

ang

lea

nm

, a wak

mn

da

hu d>.

lea chOIll

a

n

ak·li

ru

na

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