നോമ്പ് - ചോദ്യങ്ങള്, ഉത്തരങ്ങള് · 7 °mtam?...

$: നോമ്പ് - ചോദ്യങ്ങള്, ഉത്തരങ്ങള് · 7 °mtam? tNmZyw15: t¢iIcambtPmensNøp∂Bfn∂vt\mºvFSp°mXn cp∂pIqsS? tNmZyw16: Xs‚bpwa°fpsSbpw\nXyhrØn°vth≠nA≤zm\n$

2

ka¿∏Ww

]nb-s∏´ kvt\ln-X≥ s]m^-k¿

sI.-Sn.apl-ΩZv (tam-ßw) Fgp-Xnb Cu sIm®p

]pkvXIw Rm≥ hmb-\-°m¿°mbn ka¿∏n-°p-

∂p.

t\mºns\ kw_-‘n® AXym-hiy Imcy-

ßƒ Adn-bm≥ CXv klm-bn-°pw.

A\m-hiy hnh-c-W-ßtfm Bib Kl-

W-Øn\v ]bm-k-ap-≠m-°pw-hn-[-ap≈ lrkz-

Xtbm CXn-en-√.

At±-l-Øn\pw hmb-\-°m¿°pw Fs‚

Biw-k-Iƒ]m¿∞-\m-]q¿∆w

F.-]n. A–p¬ JmZn¿ auehnP\-d¬ skI- dn

tIcf \Zvh-Øp¬ apPm-ln-Zo≥

4

hmb-\-°m-tcmSv

PmU-Itfm AXn-\p≈ ]gp-Xp-Itfm C√mØ al-Ømsbmcp I¿Ω-

amWv t\mºv. C…m-ans‚ kvXw`-ß-fmb ilm-ZØv Ien-a, \a-

kvImcw, kImØv, l÷v F∂nh A\p-jvSn-°p-tºmƒ I¿i\ambn

hne-°-s∏´ temI-am\yw F∂ Im]-Sy-Øn\v AXn¬ Ah-k-cßtf-

d-bp≠v. F∂m¬ Dan\ocv D≈n-te-°n-d-ßn-bm¬ t\mºv apdn-bp-

sa∂ sX‰n-≤m-cW ImcWw Xp∏n-s°mt≠-bn-cn-°pI F∂ temI

am\y-Øn\v t]mepw C∂v Gd-°psd hncm-a-am-bn- p-≠v. t\mºn-s‚

]Xn- ew tNm¿∂v t]mhm≥ Imc-W-am-Ip∂ Ah-k-c-an-s√-∂-Xn-

\m¬ ""AsX-\n-°p-≈-Xm-Wv, \mam-W-Xn\v ]Xn- ew \¬Ip-∂Xv''

F∂ A√m-lp-hns‚ hmKvZØw t\mºp-Im¿°v Bibpw Bth-

ihpw \¬Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. t\mºv h√-t∏mgpw A\pjvSn°p∂ Hcp

I¿Ω-am-bXv sIm≠v AXns\ Np‰n-∏-‰n-bp≈ kwi-b-ßƒ°v F∂pw

]pXp-a-bp-≠v. ]am-W-ß-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ Nne-Xn\v adp-]Sn Is≠-

Øn-sb∂v amXw. ]ng-hp-Iƒ Xncp-Øn-Ø-∂vsIm≠v Fs∂ klm-

bn® sI.-F≥.Fw P\.-sk-I- dn _lp-: F.-]n. A–p¬ JmZn¿

auehnsb Hm¿°p-∂p. k¿∆ i‡≥ \sΩbpw At±-l-sØbpw

hnP-bn-I-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-am-dm-h-s´ ˛ Bao≥

sI.-Sn. apl-ΩZv, tamßw

dn´, s]m^: t^m¨: 0483 2772849, sam: 9947122108

ae-∏p-dw, tIcf

hn¬∏-\-°p≈X√

6

Xmfp-I-fn¬

tNmZyw 1: amkß-ß-fpsS ]ndhn a°-bnse ]nd-hn-tbmSv tbmNn-∏n°W-sa∂ \ne-]mSv icn-bmtWm?

tNmZyw 2: t\mºp-Im-c≥ as‰mcp \mń-te°v ]pd-s∏- p. ]pd-s∏´ \mń¬i∆m¬ amk-∏n-dhn I≠-Xmbn ]Jym-]n-®p. FØnb \mń-em-hs´ amk-∏n-dhn I≠n-´p-an-√. Ah≥ BcpsS IqsS\n¬°-Ww ?

tNmZyw 3: bmX-°m-c≥ t\mºpw \a-kvIm-chpw \n¿∆-ln-t°-≠-sX-ßns\?

tNmZyw 4: B[p-\nI bmXm kuI-cy-ß-sf√mw D≈ C°meØv ]bm-k-ß-sfm-∂p-an-√mØ bmX-°m-c≥ t\mº-\p-jvTn-°p-∂-Xns‚ hn[n F¥v?

tNmZyw 5: da-fm-\nse Hmtcm Znh-k-Øn\pw sht∆sd \nøØv th≠-Xpt≠m? amk-tØ°v samØw Hcp \nøØv aXn-bm-Iptam?

tNmZyw 6: t\mºn-√mØ bmX-°m-c≥ da-fm≥ ]I-en¬ \mń -seØnbm¬ F¥v sNø-Ww.?

tNmZyw 7: t\mºns‚ acym-Z-Iƒ GsX-√m-amWv?

tNmZyw 8: t\mºv Hgn-hm-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p∂ Imc-W-ßƒ GsXm-s°-bm-Wv.?

tNmZyw 9: t\mºv apdn-°p∂ Imcy-ßƒ GsX-√m-am-Wv.

tNmZyw 10: da-fm≥ t\mºv \n¿_-‘-ap-≈-h≥ ssewKnI _‘-Xn-Øn-te¿s∏- m¬ F¥m-W-Xns‚ hn[n?

tNmZyw 11: t\mºv apdn-°p-I-bm-sW∂v IcpXn, ]s£ Xn∂p-Itbm IpSn-°p-Itbm sNbvXn-√. t\mºv apdn-bptam?

tNmZyw 12: t\mºm-sW-∂-Imcyw ad-∂vsIm≠v Fs¥-¶nepw `£n®vt]mhpItbm ssewKnI _‘-Øn-te¿s∏´v t]mhp-ItbmsNbvXm¬ F¥v sNøWw?

tNmZyw 13: `£Ww cpNn t\m°p-∂XvsIm≠v t\mºv \„-s∏-Sptam?

tNmZyw 14: Dwd \n¿∆-l-W-Øns‚ Ffp-∏-Øn\v th≠n t\mºv apdn-

7

°mtam?

tNmZyw 15: t¢i-I-c-amb tPmen sNøp∂ Bfn∂v t\mºv FSp-°m-Xn-cp-∂p-IqsS?

tNmZyw 16: Xs‚bpw a°-fp-sSbpw \nXy-hr-Øn°v th≠n A≤zm-\n-°p∂ Imc-W-Øm¬ t\mºv Hgn-hm-°n-bm¬ F¥m-W-Xns‚hn[n?

tNmZyw 17: t\mºv tcmKw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-sa∂v tUmŒ¿ GsX-¶nepw tcmKn-tbmSv ]d-™m¬ F¥v sNø-Ww.?

tNmZyw 18: ""izmkw ap´¬'' tcmK-Øn\v Bhn-]n-Sn-®m¬ t\mºv apdn-bptam?

tNmZyw 19: ape- sIm-Sp-°p∂ AΩ°v t\mºv Hgn-hm-°mtam?

tNmZyw 20: ]√v ]dn-°p-∂Xpw sImºv sh°p-∂Xpw t\mºv apdn-bm≥Imc-W-am-Iptam?

tNmZyw 21: t\mºv Imcs‚ c‡w IpØn FSp-°p-∂Xv sIm≠ t\mºvapdn-bptam?

tNmZyw 22: kzbw-t`mKw t\mºv apdn-°ptam? AXn∂v sX≠w sImSp-t°-≠-Xpt≠m?

tNmZyw 23: ]I¬ Dd-°-Øn¬ kz]v\-kvI-e\w D≠m-bm¬ Abm-fpsSt\mºv km[p-hm-Iptam?

tNmZyw 24: Imc-W-ap-≠m-b-t∏mƒ t\mºv apdn-®p. F∂m¬ B ImcWwCS°v sh®v \oßn. _m°nh∂ kabw Ah≥ t\mºvImc-s\-t∏m-se-bm-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xpt≠m?

tNmZyw 25: da-fm-\m-sW-¶n¬ \n¿_‘ t\msº∂pw As√-¶n¬sFOnI t\msº∂pw IcpXn Aßs\ t\m‰ t\mºv da-fm≥ t\mºmbn KWn-°ptam?

tNmZyw 26: hni∏pw Zmlhpw kln-°-h-ømsX ]I¬ GXm≠pwXf¿∂h\mbn Ign -®p -Iq -´n -bm¬ AXv t\mºns\_m[n°ptam?

tNmZyw 27: t\mºvImcs‚ tamW-bn¬ \n∂v c‡w s]mSn-™m¬ t\mºvapdn-bptam?

tNmZyw 28: B¿Ø-h-Im--cn-bm-bn´pw A⁄X ImcWw t\mº-\pjvSn®p.AXns‚ t]cn¬ sX≠w sImSp-t°-≠-Xpt≠m?

tNmZyw29: B¿Ø-h-Imcn ]`m-X-Øn\v apºv ip≤n-bm-hp-Ibpw ]`m-X-Øn-\p-tijw Ipfn -°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ Ah-fpsSt\mºns‚ hn[n F¥mWv?

8

tNmZyw 30: t\mºv ISw hot´-≠-XmWv F∂pw \a-kvIm-cw ISw hot´-≠-Xn√ F∂p-ap≈ c≠vXcw I¬]\ F¥vsIm-≠mWv?

tNmZyw 31: t\mºp-Im-c≥ kpdp-a-bn-Sp-∂-Xns‚ hn[n-sb¥v?

tNmZyw 32: t\mºvIm-c≥ kpJ‘w hmk-\n-®m¬ t\mºv apdn-bptam?

tNmZyw 33: t\mºv t\m‰vsIm≠v _jv sNøp-∂Xpw FÆ tX°p-∂XpwA\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Iptam?

tNmZyw 34: IÆnepw aq°nepw sNhn-bnepw acp∂v D‰n-°p-tºmƒ AXvt\mºns\ _m[n-°ptam?

tNmZyw 35: t\mºp-Im-c≥ sImπn--®t∏mƒ sh≈w D≈n-te°v IS-∂p.t\mºv apdn-bptam?

tNmZyw 36: t\mºvIm-c≥ icocw XWp-∏n-°p-∂-Xns‚ hn[n-sb¥v?

tNmZyw 37: hmbbn¬ \ns∂m-en-°p∂ tIe t\mºv apdn-°ptam?

-tNmZyw 38: I^w, aq°´ F∂nh hngp-ßn-t∏m-bm¬ F¥mWv t\mºns‚ÿnXn?

tNmZyw 39: \njn-≤-amb kwkmcw t\mºv apdn-bm≥ ImcW-am-Iptam?

tNmZyw 40: I≈ km£yw F∂-XvsIm≠v F¥mWpt±-in-°p-∂Xv?

tNmZyw 41: da-fm≥ t\mºv IS-ap-≠m-bn-cns° i∆m-ense Bdv t\mºvA\p-jvSn-°mtam?

tNmZyw 42: da-fm-\n¬ t\mºv t\m¬°m-Xn-cp∂ Hcp tcmKn AtX amk-Øn¬ Xs∂ acn-®p. Abmƒ t\mºv ISw D≈-h-\m-Iptam?

tNmZyw 43: t\mºv IS-ap-≈-bmƒ ISw ho´m≥ Ah-kcw In´n-bn´pwho´m-sX-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-∂n-S-bn¬ s]s´∂v acn-®p. F¥vsNøWw?

tNmZyw 44: kp∂-Ømb t\mºns\ AIm-c-W-ambn apdn-®m¬ AbmƒIp‰-°m-c-\m-Iptam?

tNmZyw 45: i∆m-ense 6 t\mºv FSp°m≥ G‰hpw \√Xv Ft∏m-gmWv?

tNmZyw 46: BiqdmAv Zn\w t\mº-\p-jvSn-°p-∂-Xns‚ hn[n-sb¥v?

tNmZyw 47: iA_m≥ amk-Ønse t\mºns‚ ÿnXn F¥mWv?

tNmZyw 48: iA--_m≥,-i-∆m¬,-ap-l-dw,-A-d^ F∂o t\mºp-Iƒ kp∂-Øm-sW∂v kqNn-∏n-®-t√m. Ch IqSmsX GsX-¶nepwkp∂Øv t\mºv ÿnc-s∏- -Xm-bn- pt≠m ?

tNmZyw 49: t\mºv tN¿Øv t\m¬°pI F∂XvsIms≠-¥mWv Dt±iyw?

tNmZyw 50: sh≈n-bmgvN amX-ambn t\mº-\p-jvSn-°p-∂-Xns\ hne-°n-b-sX-¥m-Wv?

9

tNmZyw 51: t\mºv apdn-bp∂ GsX-¶nepw Imcy-Øn¬ G¿s∏ vsIm≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ ]`m-tXm-Z-b-ap--≠m-bm¬ F¥v sNøWw?

tNmZyw 52: da-fm≥ amk-∏n-dhn ÿnc-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v apºv Hcmƒ Ddßn,t\mºns‚ \nøØv(I-cp-X¬) cmXn D≠m-bn- p-an-√. Cu Ah-ÿ-bn¬ Ah≥ F¥v sNøWw?

tNmZyw 53: hnam\Ømh-f -Øn-em -b-t∏mƒ kqcy≥ AkvX-an®p,hnam\w s]mßn-b-t∏mƒ kqcys\ ImWp-∂p. Abmƒt\mºp-Im-c\mbn ho≠pw amtd-≠-Xpt≠m?

tNmZyw 54: da-fm≥t\mºv ISw Ds≈m-cmƒ ASpØ da-fm≥ hsc ISwho´n-bn-√. F¥v sNøWw?

tNmZyw 55: ]`m-tXm-Z-b-Øns‚ 10, 15 an\p´v apºvXs∂ `£W]m\o-b-ß-fp-t]-£n-°p-I F∂v ]d™v da-fm≥ amk-Øn¬ Nne¿]tXyI \n¿t±-i-ßƒ \¬Ip-∂-Xmbn ImWp-∂p. CXv\_nNcy-bpsS ]n≥_-e-Øn-emtWm?

tNmZyw 56: t\mºv Xpd-°p-tºmƒ ]tXy-I-amb h√ ]m¿∞-\-bp-apt≠m?

tNmZyw 57: C∂v ]Nmcw e`n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ hn]p-eamb t\mºvXpdaKvcn_v \a-kvImcw \jvS-s∏-´vt]m-Ip-amdv B Xpd \o≠vt]mIp-∂p. F¥v sNøWw? t\mºv hnkvX-cn®v Xpd-°-tWm?AtXm Xpd∂p F∂v hcp-Øm≥ amXw Fs¥-¶n-ep-sam∂vIgn®v aKvcn_v \a-kvI-cn-°-tWm?

tNmZyw 58: da-fm-\-√mØ a‰v GsX-¶nepw t\mºv \n¿_-\v[-ap-≈-Xpt≠m?

tNmZyw 59: t\mºv ]nSn-°m≥ km[n-°m-Ø-h¿ ]mb-›n-Ø-ambn \¬tI-≠-Xns‚ tXmXv FX?

tNmZyw 60: CAvXnIm^v F∂m-se-¥mWv? AXns‚ hn[n hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-I. CAvXnIm- n-cn-°p-∂-h\v ]pdØv t]mImtam F¥√m-amWv AXns‚ acym-Z-Iƒ?

1 0

A√mlp(X) ]d™p. tl, hniz-kn-®-hsc, \nß-fpsS

apºp≈hcpsS ta¬ \nb-an-°-s∏-´-Xvt]mse \nß-fpsS taepw

hXw \nb-an-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. \nßƒ kq£vaX ]men-t®-°mw.

(2.183) hXw \nb-a-am-°-∏- -Xns‚ e£yw kq£va-Xbpw A√m-lp-

hn-t\m-Sp≈ hW-°hpw D≠m-°n-sb-Sp-°p-I-sb-∂-Xm-sW∂v hy‡-

am-b-t√m. kq£va-X-sb-∂m¬ \njn-≤-ßsf apgp-h≥ shSn-bp-Ibpw

I¬]-\-Isf ]c-am-h[n ssIsIm-≈p-Ibpw sNø-em-Wv. dkq-ep-

√m-ln(k) ]d™p. sX‰mb hm°p-Ifpw ]h¿Øn-Ifpw hnh-c-

t°-Sp-Ifpw Bcv shSn-bp-∂n-√tbm Ah≥ `£W ]m\o-b-ß-fp-

t]-£n-°p-∂Xv A√m-lp-hn-∂mh-iy-an-√. (_p-Jm-cn 1903) At∏mƒ

t\mºp-Im-c≥ Xs‚ _m[y-X-Iƒ apgp-h≥ \nd-th--‰-pIbpw \njn-≤-

ß-fmb hm°p-Ifpw ]h¿Øn-Ifpw shSn-bp-Ibpw sNø¬ A\n-

hm-cy-am-sW∂v h∂p. Ah≥ P\-ßsf A[n-t£-]n-°p-I-bn-√.Ifthm ]c-Zq-j-Wtam ]d-bp-I-bn-√.-\n-jn-≤-amb I®-hSw \S-Øp-

I-bn-√. Cu ]pWy-am-k-Øn¬ ta¬ kqNn-∏n-®Xv t]mse Pohn-°p∂

GXv a\p-jy\pw h¿j-Ønse _m°n amk-ß-fn¬ sNms∆ Pohn-

°p-sa-∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√.

F∂m¬ t\mºns‚ B¥-co-Ihpw B≤ym-fln-I-hp-amb

hi-ßƒ°mWv ]m[m-\y-sa-¶n¬t]mepw AXv km[p-hm-bn-Øo-cm≥

_mly-amb Nne N -°q-Sp-Iƒ thsd-bp-≠v. AXn-te°v IS∂v sN√p-

tºm-gp-≠m-Ip∂ Nne kwi-b-ßfpw Ah-bv°p≈ adp-]-Sn-bp-amWv

Xmsg hcp-∂-Xv.

tNmZyw 1: Nne¿ kap-Zmb sFIy-Øns‚ t]cn¬ ]cn-ip-≤-d-a-

fm≥ amkaS°ap≈ amkß--fpsS ]ndhn a°-bnse

]nd-hn-tbmSv tbmNn-∏n®v sIm≠m-h-W-sa∂v iTn-°p-

∂p. icnbmb \ne-]mSv hy‡-am-°p-a-t√m?

adp-]-Sn: CXv tKmf imkvX ]Imcw Akw-`-hy-am-Wv. ImcWw

1 1

Ntµm-Zbw aXve-Av (D-Zb ÿm\w) hyXym-k-s∏´v

sIm≠p≈XmsW-∂mWv Cu imkvXw hi-ap-≈-h-

sc√mw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. AXn-\m¬ ]am-W-ßfpw imkvXhpw

Xm¬]-cy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Hmtcm cmPy-hpw AXns‚ Ahÿm-

hn-ti-j-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v t]mhp-∂-XmWv A`n-Im-ay-sa-∂m-

Wv.

""BI-bm¬ \nß-fn¬ B¿ (-B) amk-Øn¬ lmP-dp-

≠mtbm Ah¿ AXn¬ t\mº-\p-„n®vsIm≈s '' (hn.Jp

2:185) `qan-bpsS Atß A‰-Øp-≈-h¿ B amk (N-

tµm-Z-b)-Øn¬ lP-dp-≠m-hm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw a°-°m¿

Ntµm-Z-b-Øn¬ lmP-dp-≠m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ B

amk-Øn¬ lmP-dn-√m-Ø-h¿s°-ßns\ Cu I¬∏\

_m[-I-amIpw? ]hm-N-I≥ (k) ]d™p: AXns\ (N-

µ-s\) I≠m¬ t\mº-\p-„n-°p-I. AXns\ (N-µ-s\)

I≠m¬ t\mºv apdn-°p-I. (_pJmcn 1909, ap…ow 1081).

a°°m¿ Nµs\ Is≠∂v IcpXn ]mIn-ÿm-\n-

Iƒ°pw AXn-\-∏p-d-ap≈ cmPy-°m¿°pw t\mºv \n¿_-

‘-am-hp-sa∂v \mw Fßns\ ]dbpw? \_n (k) ImgvN-

tbmSv AXns\ _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-s≠-∂n-cns° ]tXy-

In-®pw.

F∂m¬ imkvXo-b-amb hni-I-e-\-Øn¬ ]Sn-™mdv

]`mXw DZn-°p-∂-Xns‚ apºv Ing°v DZn-°p-a-t√m.

F∂m¬ At∏mƒ Xs∂ ]Sn-™m-dp-≈-h¿ t\mºv ]nSn-

t°-≠-Xpt≠m? Cs√-∂mWv adp-]-Sn. AXvt]mse Ing°v

`mK-Øp-≈-h¿°v kqcy≥ AkvX-an-®n-cn-°pw. B ka-

bØv ]I-en-em-bn-cn-°p∂ ]Sn-™m-dp-Im¿°v t\mºv apdn-

°m-h-X-√-t√m. ""\nßƒ Xn∂p-Ibpw IpSn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXvsIm-≈p-hn≥. Idp∏v \qen¬ \n∂v ]`m-X-am-Ip∂

sh≈-\q¬ \nßƒ°v hy‡-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xv hsc°pw.

]ns∂ \nßƒ cmXn hsc t\mºv ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-I.

\nßƒ ]≈n-I-fn¬ `P-\-an-cn-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cn-°p-tºmgpw

1 2

Ah-cp-ambn (`m-cy-am-cp-am-bn) kv]¿i\w \S-ØcpXv.

Ah A√m-lp-hns‚ AXr-Øn-I-fm-Ip-∂p. AXn-\m¬

Ahsb \nßƒ kao-]n-°-cpXv. A]-Imcw A√mlp

Ahs‚ Bb-Øp-Isf a\p-jy¿°v hy‡-am-°n-Ø-cp-

∂p. Ah¿ kq£-aX ]men-t®°mw'' (Jp¿B≥2:187).

At∏mƒ ]am-Wßfpw imkvXhpw t\mºns‚bpw

s]cp-∂m-fn-s‚bpw amkm-cw- hpw ka-bhpw Hmtcm ÿe-

ß-fnepw hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p.

F∂m¬ Nµ Ne-\hpw kqcy-N-e\ k¶¬∏hpw XΩn-

ep≈ hyXymkw a\-n-em-°m-ØtXm ]cn-K-Wn-°m-

ØtXm BWv BtKmf k-¶¬∏-Øns‚ Imc-Ww.

C\n t\mºpw s]cp-∂mfpw temI apkvenw-Iƒs°√mw

H‰-Zn-h-k-Ønepw ka-bØpw Bbn-cn-°-W-sa∂v hmZn-

°p-∂-h¿°p≈ \ymbw hm¿Øm am[y-a-ß-fpsS e`y-

X-bm-W-t√m. F¶n¬ Cu kuIcyw e`n-°m-Xn-cp∂

Ign™ \q‰m-≠pIfnse apkvenw-Iƒ°v AXv

]mh¿Øn-I-am-°m≥ km[n-®nń -s√∂v Dd-∏m-Wv.

At∏mƒ Aßns\ Hcp GIo-I-cWw thW-sa∂v ico-

AØv At∂ A\p-im-kn-®n- n-√. ]Ir-Xn-]-c-amb Z¿i-

\sØ Ah-K-Wn®v sIm≠v imkvX-sa∂ kmt¶-XnI

am¿§sØ amXw Ah-ew- n-°p-∂Xv ]am-W-ß-tfm-Sp≈

sh√p-hn-fn-bmtb ImWm≥ Ign-bq.da-fm≥ amk-∏n-dhn

Dd-∏n-°-W-sa-¶n¬ Hcp km£n \n¿_-‘-am-Wv.(A¬

^nJvlp Ae¬ aZm-ln-_n¬ A¿_-A. 1/549) ]n∂oSv

Dd-∏n-®-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ kXy-k-‘-amb hnhcw e`n-

°pI amXta th≠-Xp-≈q. ]pXp-N-µs‚ \ofhpw

XSnbpw t\m°n cmhv IW-°m-°p-∂-Xn¬ A¿∞-sam-

∂p-an-√. (apkvenw 1088)

tNmZyw 2: t\mºp-Im-c≥ as‰mcp \mń-te°v ]pd-s∏- p. ]pd-s∏´

\mń¬ i∆m¬ amk-∏n-dhn I≠-Xmbn ]Jym-]n-®p.

1 3

FØnb \mń-em-hs´ amk-∏n-dhn I≠n- p-an-√. Ah≥

BcpsS IqsS \n¬°-Ww?

adp-]Sn: Ah≥ ]pd-s∏ v FØnb \mń¬ i∆m¬ amk-∏n-dhn

I≠n-ń-s√-¶n¬ Ah-cpsS s]cp-∂m--fm-tLm-j-tØm-

sSm∏w amXta Ah≥ BtLm-jn-°m-hq. ImcWw

t\mºv P\-ßƒ t\mº-\p-„n-°p-tºm-gm-Wv. s]cp-∂mƒ

BtLm-j-ßfpw P\-ßƒ BtLm-jn-°p-tºm-gm-Wv.

Nµs\ Is≠-¶n-e-√msX t\mºpw s]cp-∂mfpw A\p-

„n-°-cp-sX∂v dkq-eq-√mln (k) ]d-™n- p-ap-≠v. ]t£

30 t\mºv ]q¿Øn-bm-b-h-\m-sW-¶ntem At∏mƒ Ah≥

t\mºvIm-c-s\∂ `mh-Øn¬ (Cwkm-In¬) Ign-™vIq-

Sp-I-bmWv th≠-Xv.

C\n amk-∏n-dhn D≠m-bn- n-√mØ Hcp \mń¬ \n∂v ]pd-

s∏ v FØn-t®¿∂ \mń¬ i∆m¬ ]ndhn D≠m-hp-Ibpw

sNbvXm¬ Ah≥ \m´p-Im-tcm-sSm∏w s]cp-∂m-fmtLm-

jn-°-Ww. da-fm≥ _m°n h∂Xv ]n∂oSv ho´p-Ibpw

sNø-Ww. amkw 29 ]q¿Øn-bm-bn-ń-s√-¶n¬t]mepw

Ah≥ t\mºv apdn-°-Ww. ImcWw lnem¬ ImW-s∏-

´p F∂Xv Xs∂. amkw 29s\°mƒ NpcpßpI-bn-s√∂

Imc-Ww-sIm-≠mWv AXv ]n∂oSv ]q¿Øn-bm-°-W-sa∂v

]d-™-Xv.

tNmZyw 3: bmX-°m-c≥ t\mºpw \a-kvIm-chpw \n¿∆-ln-t°-

≠-sX-ßns\?

adp-]Sn: bmX-°m-c≥ \mń¬ \n∂v ]pd-s∏ v Xncn-s®-Øp-thmfw

4 dIv-A-Øp≈ \akvIm-c-ßƒ c≠vhoXw dIv-A-Øp-I-

fm-bn-´mWv \n¿∆-ln-t°-≠Xv. Bbni (d) ]d-bp∂p:

BZy-ambn \a-kvImcw \n¿_-‘-am-°n-bXv Cuc≠v dIv-

A-Øp-I-fm-bn- m-Wv. AXv ]ns∂ bmX°mcs‚ \a-kvIm-

c-ambn ÿnc-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw A√m-Ø-h-cptSXv (\mev

dIv-A-Øp-I-fm-bn) ]q¿Øn-bm-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp

1 4

(_p1090. ap 685) A\kv_v\p amenIv ]d-™p: Rßƒ

\_n(-k)-tbm-sSm∏w aZo-\-bn-te°v ]pd-s∏- p. aZo-\-bn¬

\n∂v aS-ßn-sb-Øp-thmfw c≠vhoXw dIv-A-Øp-I-fm-

bn- mWv Rßƒ \a-kvIcn-®n-cp-∂Xv (_p.1090.-ap.685)

bmX XpS¿∂psIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ G‰hpw

\√Xv fpl¿ Ak¿ XΩnepw (fp-l¿ c≠v dIv-AØv

\a-kvI-cn®v kmemw ho´nb tijw Ak¿ c≠v dIv-

AØv \a-kvI-cn®v kemw ho´p-I) aKvcn_v CimAv

XΩnepw Iq´n ta¬ coXn-bn¬ \a-kvI-cn-°-emWv. AXv

Xs∂ ap¥n®pw ]n¥n®pw kuI-cyw-t]mse sNøm-hp-

∂-Xm-Wv. bmX-°m-c≥ ^¿fp-I-tfmSv tN¿∂p≈

kp∂Øv \a-kvIm-c-ß-sfm-gn®v hnXvdv, cmXn \a-kvImcw,

fplm (]q¿∆-”w) \a-kvImcw ]`m-X-Ønse kp∂Øv

\akvImcw F∂nh A\pjvTn®v t]mc-Ww. t\mºns‚

BNm-cm-\p-jvTm\ coXn-I-fn¬ bmX-°m-c\pw A√m-Ø-

h\pw XΩn¬ Hcp hyXym-khpw C√.

tNmZyw 4: B[p-\nI bmXm kuI-cy-ß-sf√mw D≈

C°meØv ]bm-k-ß-sfm-∂p-an-√mØ bmX-°m-c≥

t\mº-\p-jvTn-°p-∂-Xns‚ hn[n F¥v?

adp-]Sn: bmX-°m-c\v t\mºv ]nSn-°p-Itbm Hgn-hm-°p-Itbm

sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Jp¿-B≥ ]d™p: Bsc-¶nepw

tcmKntbm bmX-bntem Bbn-cp-∂m¬ a‰p Znh-k-ß-

fn¬ \n∂v AX FÆw ]q¿Øn-bm-°Ww (2:185) kzlm-

_n-Iƒ \_n-tbm-sSm∏w bmX-t]m-b-t∏mƒ t\mº-\p-

jvTn-®-hcpw A\p-jvTn-°m-Ø-hcpw Iq -Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-

∂p. t\m‰-h¿ t\m¬°m-Ø-h-sctbm t\m¬°m-Ø-h¿

t\m‰-h-sctbm Bt£-]n-®n- n-√. \_n (k) bmX-bn¬

t\mº-\p-jvTn-®n- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A_p-±¿Zm-Av ]d™p:

ISpØ NqSnepw Rßƒ \_n-tbm-sSm∏w bmX sNbvXn-

´p-≠v. Rß-fmcpw t\mºv t\m‰n- n-√. F∂m¬ \_nbpw

1 5

A–p-√m-ln_v\p dhm-lØpw t\mº-\p-jvTn-®n- p-≠m-bn-

cp-∂p. (_p.1945. ap.1122)

AXn-\m¬ bmX-°m-c≥ Xs∂-bmWv Xocp-am-\n-t°-≠Xv,

t\mºv ]nSn-°tWm ]nSn-°-≠tbm F∂v. t\mºv ]nSn-

°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv sX‰-√. A√mlp \¬Inb Cfhv kzoI-

cn-°p-∂Xv A√m-lp-hn\v hfsc C„-am-Wv. Gsd t¢i-

I-c-a-s√-¶n¬ t\mºv]nSn-°-emWv DØ-aw. AXn-eqsS aq∂v

t\´-ßƒ Ah\v e`n-°p-∂p. H∂v : dkq-en-t\m-Sp≈

A\p-[m-h-\w, c≠v : Ffp∏w ˛ AYhm P\-ß-sf√mw

t\msº-Sp-°p∂ ka-bØv Xs∂ t\msº-Sp-°p-∂Xv

Ffp-∏-ambn A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂p. aq∂v : Xs‚ _m[yX

\n¿∆-l-W-Ønse hyK-X. henb hnjaw A\p- -h-s∏-

Sp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ t\mºv Hgn-hm-°-emWv bmX-°m-c\v \√-

Xv. CØcw Ah-ÿ-I-fn¬ t\mº-\p-jvTn-°¬ ]pWyw

A√. ""Hcp a\p-jy\v XW-en´v sImSpØpsIm≠v

Abmƒ°v Np‰pw P\-ßƒ s]mXn™v \n¬°p-∂Xv

\_n (k) I≠p. \_n tNmZn®p. Bcm-WXv? Ah¿ ]d-

™p. AsXmcp t\mºp-Im-c≥. \_n (k) ]d™p: bmX-

bn¬ hXw ]pWy-a√. (_p. 1946 ap. 1115) \„-s∏´ Hmtcm

t\mºpw hos≠-Sp-°-W-sa∂v amXw.

tNmZyw 5: da-fm-\nse Hmtcm Znh-k-Øn\pw sht∆sd \nøØv

th≠-Xpt≠m? amk-tØ°v samØw Hcp \nøØv

aXn-bm-Iptam? t\¿®, ]mb-›nØw t\mºp-I-fpsS

\nøØpw Cßns\ samØ-Øn¬ aXn-bm-Iptam?

adp-]Sn: da-fm≥ BZy-Øn¬Xs∂ samØw Hcp \nøØv aXn-bm-

Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. (kp-_p-ep--emw. 2/203) Hmtcm Znh-k-

Øn\pw th≠n ]tXyIw \nøØv sNbvXn-s√-¶n¬

Xs∂ t\mºp-Im-cs\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw amkm-Zy-

Ønse \nø-Øn¬ Xs∂ AXp-≠v. F∂m¬ amk-Øn-

\n-S°v tcmKw, bmX t]mep≈ ImcWw sIm≠v t\mºv

1 6

\„-s∏-´p-t]m-sb-¶n¬ \nøØv CS-ap-dn -bp-I-bm¬

At∏mƒ \nø-Øns\ ]pXp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. t\¿® t\mºn-

s‚bpw ]mb-›nØ t\mºn-s‚bpw Ah-ÿ-bpw CXv

Xs∂. kp∂Øv t\mºm-sW-¶n¬ t\cw ]pe¿∂

tijw \nøØv sNbvXmepw aXn-bm-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. (A¬

aZ-ln-_n˛1/545

tNmZyw 6: t\mºn-√mØ bmX-°m-c≥ da-fm≥ ]I-en¬ \m´n-

seØnbm¬ F¥v sNø-Ww.?

adp-]Sn: Abmƒ t\mºp-Im-c≥ A√. \n¿_‘ t\mºv ]`mXw

apX¬°v Xs∂ Bcw- n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ _m°n-

bp≈ ]I¬ kabw t\mºvIm-c-s\-t∏mse Ign®v Iq -

Ww. da-fm-\n-t\m-Sp≈ BZ-chv F∂ \ne-°mWXv. kzIm-

cy-ambn `£Ww Ign-°p-∂-Xn\v hntcm-[-an-√. F∂m¬

as‰mcp Znhkw t\m‰vhot´-≠-Xm-Wv.

tNmZyw 7: t\mºns‚ acym-Z-Iƒ GsX-√m-amWv?

adp-]Sn: ""\nßƒ kq£v-aX ]men-t®°mw'' F∂v Jp¿-B≥ ]d-

™-Xvt]mse A√m-lp-hns‚ I¬∏-\-Iƒ ]c-am-h[n

]men-°p-Ibpw \ntcm-[-\-ßƒ apgp-h≥ shSn-bp-Ibpw

sNøp-I. CXmWv H∂m-asØ acym-Z. ]ns∂ Zm\-[¿Ω-

ßƒ, ]pWy-I-c-amb ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ, P\-ßƒ°v t\´w

amX-ap-≠m-°p∂ Imcy-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-S¬. IqSmsX If-

hv, NoØ, sXdn, NXn, h©\, \njn-≤-ßsf t\m°¬,

tIƒ°¬ Cßns\ A\m-im-ky-X-bn-te°v DtØ-Pn-X-

cm-°p∂h-sb√mw GsXm-cmfpw h¿÷n-t°-≠Xv Xs∂.

hninjy t\mºvIm-c-\m-Ip-tºmƒ.

\mfsØ t\mºn\v Du¿÷w tiJ-cn-°m-s\-∂-hÆw

AØmgw Ign-°epw AXns\ ]n¥n-°epw t\mºns‚

acym-Z-bn¬s]´-Xm-Ip-∂p. \_n(-k) ]d-™p. \nßƒ

AØmgw Ign-°-Ww. AXn¬ _¿°-Øp-≠v. (_p.1923.-

ap. 1095) Imc-°-sIm≠v As√-¶n¬ sh≈w sIm≠v

1 7

t\mºv Xpd-°epw AXv kqcy≥ AkvX-an® DSs\

Bbn-cn-°epw t\mºns‚ acym-Z-bn¬s]- -Xm-Wv. \_n(-

k) ]d-™n- p-≠v: t\mºv Xpd-°p-∂-Xn¬ [rXn-Im-Wn-

°p-∂-h-scms° t\ -Øn¬ \ne-sIm-≈p-∂-h-cm-bn-cn-°pw

(_p.1957.-ap.1098). sFOnI t\mºv A\p-jvSn-°p-∂-Xn∂v

`¿Øm-hns‚ kΩXw Bcm-bp-∂Xv `mcy ]men-t°≠

acym-Z-bm-Wv.

tNmZyw 8: t\mºv Hgn-hm-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p∂ Imc-W-ßƒ

GsXm-s°-bm-Wv.?

adp-]Sn: tcmKw, bmX F∂nh Imc-W-ß-fm-sW∂v Jp¿-

B≥Xs∂ ]d-™n- p-≠v. K¿ nWn, K¿`ÿ inip-hns‚

BtcmKyØn¬ Bi-¶-bp-≈-hƒ, ape-∏m¬ sImSp-

°p∂ kvXo, IpSn-°p∂ Ip´n F∂n-hcpsS Btcm-

KysØ `b-s∏-Sp-∂-hƒ, Poh≥ c£m ]h¿Ø-\-Øn-

te¿s∏-Sp-∂-h¿, A√m-lp-hns‚ am¿§-Øn¬ bp≤w

sNøp-hm≥ IcpØv kw -cn-°p-∂-Xn∂v t\mºv Hgn-hm-

t°-≠-Xp-≠v F∂v t_m[y-am-bh¿ Ch¿s°√mw t\mºv

Hgn-hm-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. a°w^Xvlv bp≤thf-bn¬ dkq-

ep√mln (k) klm-_n-I-tfmSv ]d™p: \nßƒ \msf

iXp-°sf t\cn-Sm≥ t]mhp-I-bm-Wv. \nßƒ°v \√Xv

t\mºv A\p-jvTn-°m-Xn-cn-°-em-bn-cn°pw (ap. 1120)

Cßns\ aXn-bmb Imc-W-ßƒsIm≠v t\mºv apdn-t°-

≠n-h-∂h¿ ]I-ense _m°n ka-b-ß-fn¬ t\mºv

Imcmbn-cn-°¬ \n¿_-‘-an-√. t\mºns‚ ]hn-X-Xsb

If-¶-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p F∂ Ip‰w AhcpsS ta¬ hcp-∂n-

√. AXvsIm-≠mWv tcmKn ]I-en¬ CS°v sh®v kpJw

]m]n-®mepw B¿Ø-h-Imcn°v ]I-en¬ ip≤n-ssI-h-

∂mepw Ch-scm∂pw B ]I-ense _m°n kabw

t\mºvIm-cm-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xn-s√∂v hy‡-am-°n-b-Xv.]s£

da-fm≥ amk-∏n-dhn D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂v ]ns‰ Znhkw

1 8

]I-en¬ Adn-™pI-gn-™m¬ _m°n kabw Ah¿

t\mºvIm-cm-bn-cn-t°-≠-XpamWv.

tNmZyw 9: t\mºv apdn-°p∂ Imcy-ßƒ GsX-√m-am-Wv.?

adp-]Sn: 1. ssewKnI _‘w, 2. Xn∂¬, 3. IpSn-°¬ A√mlp(X)

]d™p: C\n Ct∏mƒ \nßƒ Ah-cp-ambn (`m-cy-bp-am-

bn) kv]¿i\w \S-Øp-Ibpw A√mlp \nßƒ°v \n›-

bn-®-Xns\ \nßƒ tXSp-Ibpw sNbvXvsIm-≈p-I.

\nßƒ Xn∂p-Ibpw IpSn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-≈p-

ho≥. Idp∏v \qen¬ \n∂v ]`m-X-am-Ip∂ sh≈-\q¬

\nßƒ°v hy‡-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xvhsc-°pw. ]ns∂

\nßƒ cmXn hsc t\mºv ]q¿Øn-bm-°pI. (2.187), 4.

B¿Øh c‡w, ]kh c‡w F∂nh D≠m-h¬. dkq-

ep√mln (k) Hcp kvXosb-°p-dn®v ]d™p: Ahƒ

B¿Ø-h-Im-cn -bm-bn -cn -°p-tºmƒ \a-kvIm-chpw

t\mºpw Ahƒ°v \n¿_-‘-an-√t√m (_p.1951.-ap.79)

ta¬]-d™ c≠v Imc-W-ß-fp≈ kvXobpsS t\mºv

km[p-h-s√∂v ]fin-X-∑m¿ sFIy-s∏- n- p-≠v. 5. ip¢w

]pdØv hc¬ (hn-ImctØmSv IqSn) JpZp-kn-ømb Hcp

lZo-kn¬ h∂n-cn-°p∂p. Ahs‚ hnImc hnNm-c-ßƒ

\nb-¥n-®Xpw A∂-]m-\o-b-ßƒ shSn-™Xpw Rm≥

(I¬∏n-®) Imc-W-Øm¬ amX-amWv. (C-_v\p-am-Plv 1/

118). \nß-fpsS Hmtcm Ah-b-h-Øn-ep-ap≠v [¿Ωw.

Ah¿tNm-Zn®p: dkq-te! Xs‚ hnIm-c-i-a-\-Øn\v sN√p-

∂Xn\pw ]Xn- -e-ap-s≠t∂m? \_n(k) ]d™p: \njn-

≤-ambXnemWv Ah-\Xv \nt£-]n-®n-cp-∂-sX-¶n¬ AXv

Ip‰-I-c-am-Int√ ˛ AXvt]mse A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-b-Xn¬

\nt£-]n-®-Xn∂v ]Xn-^-e-hp-ap-≠v. (ap-kvenw. 1006).

\nt£-]n®p F∂v ]d-™Xv ip¢-sØ-°p-dn-®m-Wv. AXv

sIm≠mWv kwtbm-K-a-√mØ F∂m¬ kv]¿i-\-

tØmSpw hnIm-c-tØmSpw IqSn-X-s∂-bm-sW-¶nepw ip¢-

km-h-Øn\v apºv khn-°p∂ Pew ]pd-s∏- m¬ t\mºv

1 9

apdn-bp-I-bn-s√∂ hmZ-Øn\v ap≥K-W\ \¬I-s∏- n-cn-°p-

∂-Xv., 6. Icp-Xn-°qń N¿±n-°¬. A_q lpssdd \nth-

Z\w, \_n(-k) ]d™p: Icp-Xn-°q- n- N¿±n-®-Xm-sW-¶n¬

t\m‰vho -Ww. N¿±n hcp-Øn-b-X-s√-¶n¬ t\m‰vhot -≠-

Xn-√. (A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv 1/331, Xn¿ap-Zn 716)., 7. £Ww IpØn-

sh-°¬. CXv `£-Whpw sh≈hpw Ign-°-e-s√-¶n¬

Xs∂bpw Ign-®-Xns‚ êw XnI®pw e`n-°p∂ coXn-

bm-Wv. AXpsIm≠vXs∂ c≠n-s‚bpw hn[n Xpey-am-

bncn-°pw. F∂m¬ `£-W-Øn∂v th≠n-b-√mØ a‰v

IpØn-sh-∏p-Iƒ Rc-ºn-eqsStbm ico-c-Ønse at‰Xv

`mK-ß-fn-eq-sStbm \¬Ip-∂Xv t\mºn∂v wKw-h-cp-Øp-

∂-X-√.

\_n(-k) ]d-™-Xmbn \ap°v ImWmw ˛ Fs‚ kap-

Zm-b-Øn¬ kw -hn-°p∂ ]nghpw ad-Xnbpw \n¿_-‘n-

°-s∏-´-h-bp-sa√mw s]mdp-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p(C-_v\p-

amPlv 1/149) At∏mƒ s]mSn-]-S-e-ßƒ ]mdn aq°n-eqsS

A∂-\m-f-Øn-se-Øn-bmepw t\mºv apdn-bp-I-bn-√.

ImcWw AX-h≥ Icp-Xn-°q- n-b-X-√. t\mºv apdn-°m≥

\n¿_-‘n-°-s∏- -h-s‚bpw Dd-°-Øn¬ Cµnb kvIe\w

D≠m-b-h-s‚bpw ssewKnI _‘-Øn\v \n¿_-‘n-°-

s∏´ `mcy-bp-sSbpw t\mºv km[p-hm-Ip-∂p. Ch-cmcpw

Icp-Xn-°q- n-s°m-≠√ AXv kw -hn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. (A¬

aZm-ln-_n˛1/560)

tNmZyw 10:da-fm≥ t\mºv \n¿_-‘-ap-≈-h≥ ssewKnI _‘-

Xn-Øn-te¿s∏- m¬ F¥m-W-Xns‚ hn[n?

adp-]Sn: da-fm≥ t\mºv \n¿_-‘-ap-s≈m-cmƒ ]I-en¬ ssewKnI

_‘-Øn-te¿s∏-´m¬ A©v Imcy-ßƒ Ahs‚

ta¬\n¿_-‘-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. 1. AXns‚ Ip‰w, 2. tijn®

kabw t\mºvImc-\m-bn-cn-°¬., 3. B t\mºv \„-am-

I¬., 4. ]Icw t\m‰v ho´¬., 5. sX≠w sImSp-°¬.

2 0

ta¬ Imcy-ß-sf-°p-dn®v t\csØ Adn-hp-≈-h≥

Ft∂m Adn-hn-√m-Ø-h≥ Ft∂m hyXym-k-an -√.

ImcWw Ah≥ Icp-Xn-°q- n-bmWv t\mºv apdn-®n-cn-°p-

∂-Xv. A_q lpssd-d-bn¬ \n∂p≈ Hcp lZo-kn¬

ImWmw. Hcmƒ \_n-bpsS AcnsI h∂vsIm≠v

]d™p: dkqse! Rm≥ \in-®p. \_n, Ft¥ \o \in-

®Xv? t\mºv t\m‰vsIm≠v Rm≥ da-fm-\n¬ `mcy-bp-

ambn _‘-s∏- p. (_p-. 1936, ap. 1111) \_n(-k) At±-l-

tØmSv sX≠w sImSp-°m≥ th≠n I¬∏n-®p. Cßns\

Hcp sX≠w sImSp-°p-∂-Xns\ kw_-‘n®v At±-l-

Øns‚ ap≥ Adn-hns\ \_n (k) At\z-jn-®n√ F∂

Imcyw ]tXyIw Hm¿°p-I.

da-fm≥ t\mºv \n¿_-‘-ap≈ Hcmƒ F∂v ]d-™Xv

bmX-°m-¿ t]mep-≈-h¿ sX≠w sImSp-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂v

Hgn-hm-sW∂v Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°m-\m-Wv. t\mºp≈ bmX-°m-

cmb Zº-Xn-am¿ da-fm≥ ]I-en¬ ssewKnI thgvN-bn-

te¿s∏- m¬ sX≠w sImSp-t°-≠-Xn-√. ImcWw Ah-

¿ Xß-fpsS hXw ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-Ibpw B°m-Xn-cn-

°p-Ibpw sNøm≥ kzmX-¥y-ap-≈-h-cm-Wv.

tNmZyw 11: t\mºv apdn-°p-I-bm-sW∂v IcpXn, ]s£ Xn∂p-

Itbm IpSn-°p-Itbm sNbvXn-√. t\mºv apdn-bptam?

adp-]Sn: t\mºv apdn-°-W-sa∂v Xocp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw AXn-\p≈

]h¿Ø\Øn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ t\mºv \„-

s∏- Xv Xs∂. F∂m¬ CXv da-fm-\n-em-sW-¶n¬ kqcym-

kvX-abw hsc Ah≥ t\mºpImc-\mbncn°p-∂-tXm-

sSm∏w as‰mcp Znhkw ]Icw t\mº-\p-„n-°p-Ibpw

sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv.

F∂m¬ Xocp-am-\n-®n-√. F¥v thW-sa∂v kwi-bn-°pI

amXw sNbvXp. ]fin-X-∑m¿ Nne¿ ]d-™Xv Ahs‚

t\mºv \„-s∏´p F∂m-Wv. ImcWw kwibw Xocp-am-

2 1

\-Øn-s\-Xn-cm-Wv. Nne¿ ]d-™Xv t\mºv \„-s∏- n- n√.

ImcWw t\mºv apdn-°p-Itbm \„-s∏-Sp-Øp-Itbm

sNømØ Ime-tØmfw Ahs‚ \nøØv \ne-hn-ep-≠v.

CXmWv Gsd-°psd icn. (^-Xmh A¿Im-\p¬

Ckvemw˛D-ssk-ao≥ ˛ 466)

tNmZyw 12:t\mºm-sW-∂-Imcyw ad-∂vsIm≠v Fs¥-¶nepw

`£n®v t]mhpItbm ssewKnI _‘-Øn-te¿s∏ v

t]mhp-Itbm sNbvXm¬ F¥v sNøWw?

adp-]Sn: Hm¿Ω-h∂ DSs\ hmb-bn¬ AI-s∏ v t]mb apgp-h≥

`£yhkvXp-°fpw ]pd-tØ-s°m-gn-°-Ww. Ahs‚

t\mºv km[phmWv. sXfnhv A_q-lp-ssd-d-bn¬\n∂p≤-

cn-°p∂ Hcp lZo-km-Wv. t\mºvIm-c≥ ad-∂vsIm≠v

Xn∂p-Itbm IpSn-°p-Itbm sNbvXm¬ t\mºv ]q¿Øn-

bm-°-s´. ImcWw A√m-lp-hmWv Ahs\ Xo‰n-bXpw

IpSn-∏n-®-Xpw(_p.1933.-ap.1155).t\mºm-sW∂Imcyw

ad∂psImt≠m A\-\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-sW∂ Adn-hn-√mbva

sImt≠m sseKnI _‘-Øn-te¿s∏-´p-t]m-bmepw

t\mºv apdn-bp-∂-X-√.ad-∂p-sIm≠v sX‰v sNbvXm¬

in£n-°-s∏--Sp-I-bn-√. Jp¿-B≥ ]d™p""ad∂v sImt≠m

]ng-hvaq-etam Rßƒ sNbvXvt]m-b-Xn∂v R-ßsf

in£n-°-cptX \mYm'' A√mlp ]d™p:AsX,

\maßns\ Xocp-am-\n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.(X- vko-dp- -Xvlp¬J-

Zo¿. 62)

tNmZyw 13:`£Ww cpNn t\m°p-∂XvsIm≠v t\mºv \„-s∏-

Sptam?

adp-]Sn: Iogvt]m v Cd-ßm-sX-bm-sW-¶n¬ `£Ww cpNn-t\m-°p-

∂XvsIm≠v t\mºv \„-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√. ]s£ Aßns\

sNtø≠ AXym-hiyw h∂-¶nse AXv sNøm-hq. B

Ah-k-c-Øn¬ `£y hkvXp-°ƒ h√Xpw A_-≤-Øn¬

AIØv sN∂vt]m-bm¬ t\mºv apdn-bp-I-bn-√.

2 2

tNmZyw 14:t\mºp-s≈mcp bmX-°m-c≥ a°-bn¬ FØn Dwd

\n¿∆-l-W-Øns‚ Ffp-∏-Øn\v th≠n Abmƒ°v

t\mºv apdn-°mtam?

adp-]Sn: ^Xvlv h¿jw da-fm≥ Ccp-]-Xn-∂mWv \_n (k) a°-

bn¬ ]th-in-®Xv. A∂v \_n (k)°v t\mºp-≠m-bn-cp-

∂n-√. AhnsS sh®v c≠v dIv-AØv \a-kvI-cn-®p. ]ns∂

a°-°m-tcmSv \_n (k) ]d-™p. a°-°mtc! \nßƒ

t\mºv ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-I. Rßƒ bmX-°m-cmWv. (kod-

Øn-d-kq¬- -C-_v\p-I-ko¿,1˛202) kzlo-lp¬ _pJm-cn-

bn¬ ImWp-∂Xv \_n (k) B amk-Øn¬ ]ns∂ t\mºv

FSp-Ønt´ C√ F∂m-Wv. (_p-Jm-cn. 4275) ImcWw \_n

(k) bmX-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Dwd°v th≠n-bp≈ bmX

a°-bn¬ FØp-∂-tXmsS Ah-km-\n-°p-∂n-√. t\mºn-

√msX a°-bn¬ FØn-bm¬ t\mºvIm-c-s\-t∏msebmbn-

s°m-≈-W-sa∂v \n¿_-‘-hp-an-√. bmX-bn¬ t\mºv ]nSn-

°p-∂Xv sIm≠v ]bm-k-sam-∂p-an-s√∂v ]d™v bmX-

bn¬ apgp-h≥ t\mºv ]nSn-°p-Ibpw a°-bn¬ FØp-

tºm-tg°v Ah-i-\m-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. CØcw

Bfp-Iƒ Cu t\mºn¬ \n-e-sIm-≈tWm t\mºv Xpd-

∂n v Dwd- sN-øm-sa∂v sh°tWm AtXm Ct∏mƒ Xs∂

Dwd \n¿∆-l-W-Øn\v th≠n t\mºv apdn-°tWm?

CØcw Hc-h-ÿ-bn¬ Dt-∑-j-tØmsS Dwd sNøm≥

km[n-t°-≠p-∂-Xn∂v t\mºv apdn-°-Ww. a°-

bnseØnb GsXm-cmfpw G‰hpw BZyw sNtø-≠Xv

DwdbmWv. \_n (k) a°-bn-se-Øn-bm¬ hml\w ]≈n-

°-cnsI \n¿Øn ]≈n-bn¬ ]th-in®v GsXmcp e£y-

Øn\v th≠n-bm-bn-cpt∂m hkvXw [cn-®Xv B I¿Ωw

sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ Dwd Dt±-in®vh∂-h-scms°

t\mºv Xpd-∂-Xn\v tijw cmXn-bn¬ Dwd sNøm-sa∂v

sh°msX Dt∑-j-tØmsS ]I-en¬ Xs∂ Dwd \n¿∆-

ln-°-emWv DØ-aw.

2 3

tNmZyw 15:t¢i-I-c-amb tPmen sNøp∂ GsXm-cmƒ°pw

t\mº-\p-„n-°p-∂Xv ]bm-k-I-c-am-bn-cn-°p-a-t√m,

Abmƒ°v t\mºv FSp-°m-Xn-cp-∂p-IqsS?

adp-]Sn: tPmen°v th≠n t\mºv t\m¬°m-Xn-cn-°¬ \n-jn-≤-

am-Wv. A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-√. t\mºpw tPmenbpw H∂n®v

sIm≠vt]m-hm≥ Ign-bm-Ø-h¿ t\mºn\v th≠n eosh-

Sp-°-Ww. Ckvem-ans‚ kvXw -ß-fn¬s∏- -XmWv t\mºv.

AXn¬ hogv® hcp-Øm-hX-√.

tNmZyw 16:Xs‚bpw a°-fp-sSbpw \nXy-hr-Øn°v th≠n A≤zm-

\n-°p∂ Imc-W-Øm¬ t\mºv Hgn-hm-°n-bm¬ F¥m-

W-Xns‚ hn[n?

adp-]Sn: tcmKn°v t\mºv Hgn-hm-°m-a-t√m, AXvt]mse apI-fn¬

]d™ Imc-W-ßƒsIm≠v ˛ AYhm D]-Po-h-\-Øn\v

th≠n t\mºv Dt]-£n°pI amXta hgn-bp≈q

F∂vh∂m¬ B t\mºns\ as‰m-cn-°¬ t\m‰v ho -

Ww. (C-B-\Øv 231) F∂m¬ t\mºv Dt]-£n-®-Xn∂v

Cßns\ Hcp \ymbo-I-cWw \¬Im-\m-Ip-∂n-s√-¶ntem

˛ \_n (k)-bpsS Hcp hN-\-ap-≠v. \ΩpsS I¬∏-\-bn-

√mØ GsXmcp I¿Ωhpw Bcv A\p-jvTn-®mepw AXv

X≈-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv. (^Xvlp¬ _mcn 6/176. -ap.1718).

F∂m¬ Adn-hn-√mbva, adhn F∂nhsIm≠m-bmtem ˛

ad-hn-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ \_n (k) ]d™p: \a-kvIm-c-

Øns‚ Imcyw ad-°p-Itbm Dd-ßn-t∏m-hp-Itbm

sNbvXm¬ Hm¿Ω hcp-tºmƒ Ah≥ \a-kvI-cn®vsIm≈-

Ww. (apkvenw 680) A√msX AXn\v as‰mcp ]mb-›n-

Ø-an-√.

tNmZyw 17:t\mºv tcmKw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-sat∂m tcmKw kpJ-s∏-

Sm≥ t\mºv Ime-Xm-akw hcp-Øp-tamt∂m Hcp

tUmŒ¿ ]d-™m¬ tcmKn F¥v sNøWw?

2 4

adp-]Sn: A√mlp(X) ]d™p: Bsc-¶nepw tcmKntbm bmX-

bntem Bbn-cp-∂m¬ a‰p Znh-k-ß-fn¬\n∂v AX FÆw

]q¿Øn-bm-°-Ww. A√mlp \nß-fn¬ Ffp-∏sØ Dt±-

in-°p-∂p. \nß-fn¬ Ah≥ sRcp-°sØ Dt±-in-°p-

∂p-an√ (2:185) tUmŒ-dpsS hne-°ns\ A\p-k-cn®v sIm≠v

Cu tcmKn t\mºv Hgn-hm°n kpJw ]m]n-°p-tºmƒ

AXv t\m‰vho´p-I. kpJw ]m]n-°p-sa∂v ]Xo-£-bn-s√-

¶n¬ Htcm Znh-k-Øn\pw th≠n Htcm ]mh-s∏- -h∂v

`£Ww sImSp-°p-I-bmWv th≠-Xv.

tNmZyw 18:""izmkw ap´¬'' tcmK-Øn\v Bhn-]n-Sn-®m¬ t\mºv

apdn-bptam?

adp-]Sn: Bhn Bam-i-b-Øn-te°v FØp-s∂mcp hkvXp Bbn-

´√ D≈Xv F∂-Xn\m¬ t\mºv apdn-bp-I-bn-√. AXv Bhn-

bm-bn-sIm≠v amXw D≈n¬ k©-cn-°p∂ H∂m-sW-

∂-Xn-\m¬ t\mºvImc\v AXv D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. t\mºv

\„-s∏-Sp-∂-X-√.

tNmZyw 19:ape- sIm-Sp-°p∂ AΩ°v t\mºv Hgn-hm-°mtam?

Ahƒ t\mºvt\m‰v hot -≠Xv Ft∏m-gm-Wv. sX≠w

sIm-Sp-t°-≠-Xpt≠m?

adp-]Sn: ape-bq- p∂ AΩ Xs‚ t\mºvsIm≠v ape-∏m¬ h‰p-

sat∂m B ]m¬ Ip´n°v tZmjw-sN-øp-sat∂m `b-

°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Ahƒ hX-sa-Sp-t°-≠-Xn-√.(A¬ aZm-

ln_n˛ 1/573) ]s£ tcmKn-s°-∂-t]mse Ahƒ°pw

t\m‰v ho´¬ \n¿_-‘-am-Wv. A¬_-Jd 185¬ ]d-™-

XmWv CXn∂pw sXfn-hmbn ]d-bm-\p≈-Xv. ta¬ `bw

\oßn-°-gn-™m¬ t\m‰vho´m-\mbn v GXv Znh-k-hpw

D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ømw. F∂m¬ sX≠w sImSp-t°-≠Xv

t\mºv t\m‰vho´m≥ Hcn-°epw Ign-bn-s√∂v Dd-∏p-≈-

h¿ amX-am-Wv. Ah¿°Xv t\mºn∂v ]Icw \n¬°p-

∂-Xp-am-Wv. K¿`n-Wn-bpsS ÿnXnbpw Cß-s\-Ø-s∂.

2 5

tNmZyw 20:]√v ]dn-°p-∂Xpw sImºv sh°p-∂Xpw t\mºv apdn-

bm≥ Imc-W-am-Iptam?

adp-]Sn: ]√v ]dn-°p-∂XvsIm≠v t\mºn\v bmsXmcp XI-cm-dp-an-

√. NnIn-’m¿∞w Xe-bntem at‰m IpØn apdn-hp-≠m°n

AXn¬ \n∂v c‡w Cuºn-sb-Sp-°p∂ Hcp kº-Zmbw

apºv Ime-ß-fn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. sImºv sh°pI F∂m-

WXn∂v ]d-™n-cp-∂Xv . amenIv, A_q l\o^,

im^nCu F∂o aq∂v Cam-ap-Iƒ sImºv sh®m¬ t\mºv

apdn-bp-I-bn-s√∂ A`n-]m-b-°m-cm-Wv. (A¬ aZm-ln_n

˛ 1/569) F∂m¬ Camw AlvaZv sImºv sh®-h-s‚bpw

sh-∏n-®-h-s‚bpw t\mºv apdn-bp-sa∂v A`n-]m-b-s∏- n-cn-

°p-∂p. (kp-_p-ep-emw 2/231) sImºv sh°p-∂-Xn-s\-

°p-dn®v h∂n-´p≈ lZo-kp-I-fn¬ Nne sshcp-≤y-

ßƒh∂-XmWv A`n-]m-b-hy-Xym-k-Øn\v Imc-Ww.

tNmZyw 21:t\mºvImcs‚ c‡w IpØn FSp-°p-∂Xv sIm≠

t\mºv apdn-bptam?

adp-]Sn: ]cn-tim-[-\°v th≠n c‡w FSp-°p-∂Xv sIm≠v

t\mºn∂v Ipg-∏-sam-∂p-an-√. tcmK \n¿Æ-b-Øn-\m-h-iy-

am-sW∂v tUmŒ¿ \n¿t±-in-®-X-\p-k-cn®v ico-c-Øn¬

\n∂v A¬∏w c‡w FSp-°p-∂-XvsIm≠v sImºvsh°p-

∂Xv aqe-ap-≠m-hp∂X ]Xn-I-c-W-ß-sfm∂pw ico-c-

Øn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-I-bp-an-√. F∂m¬ as‰m-cm-fn¬ c‡w

IpØn-sh-°p-∂-Xn\v th≠n Xs‚ c‡w A[n-I-ambn

FSp-°p-∂Xv t\mºv apdn-bp-∂-Xn\v Imc-W-am-Ipw. AXv

sIm≠v \n¿_‘ t\mºvImc≥ c‡w Zm\w \S-Ø-

cpXv. ]s£ t\mºv Xpd-°p-∂-Xns‚ apºv Xs∂ Xs‚

c‡w e`n-°¬ \n¿_-‘-am-sW∂pw A\p-tbm-Py-amb

c‡-amWv Xt‚-sX∂pw Hcp tUmŒ¿ \n¿t±-in®v Ign-

™m¬ Zm\w sN-ø¬ \n¿_-‘-am-bn. AtXmsS

Ahs‚ t\mºv apdn-™p. BtcmKyw hos≠-Sp-°m-\m-

bn v Xn∂p-Ibpw IpSn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I. t\mºv t\m‰v

2 6

ho´p-Ibpw sNøp-I.

tNmZyw 22:kzbw-t`mKw t\mºv apdn-°ptam? AXn∂v sX≠w

sImSp-t°-≠-Xpt≠m?

adp-]Sn: kzbw-t`mKw \S-ØpI-bpw ip¢w ]pdØv hcn-Ibpw

sNbvXm¬ t\mºv apdn-bp-∂-Xm-Wv. B t\mºv hot -≠-

Xp-am-Wv. ssewKnI _‘w \S-Øn-bm-e-√msX sX≠w

sImSp-t°-≠-Xn-√. A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv ]›m-X-]n®v aS-tß-

≠-Xm-Wv. Npw_-\w-sIm≠v t\mºv apdn-bp-∂-X-√. t\m -

Øn-eqsS Bkzm-Z\w sIm≈p-Ibpw AXv sIm≠v amXw

kvIe\w D≠m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXmepw t\mºv apdn-bp-∂-

X-√. (A¬ aZm-ln-_n˛1/569)

tNmZyw 23:]I¬ Dd-°-Øn¬ kz]v\-kvI-e\w D≠m-bm¬ Abm-

fpsS t\mºv km[p-hm-Iptam?

adp-]Sn: AsX, km[p-hm-Wv. ImcWw AX-hs‚ ]h¿Ø-\w-

sIm-≠p-≠m-b-X√. ""Dd-°-Øn¬ kw`n-hn-°p-∂-h-bpsS

t]cn-ep≈ t]\ Db¿Ø-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p'' Hcp Imcyw

DW¿Øs´ ˛ Gsd Bfp-Ifpw da-fm≥ amkcmhp-Iƒ

bmsXmcp ]tbm-P-\-hp-an-√msX Dd-°-an-f®v ]mgm-°p∂p.

]I-em-bn-°-gn-™m¬ \∂mbn Dd-ßp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

CXv icn-b-√. ]pWy-I¿Ω-ßƒ, kvtXmX--ßƒ, [ym\-

ßƒ, Jp¿-B≥ ]mcm-bWw F∂n-ßs\ A√m-lp-hn-

t\m-Sp≈ kmao]y am¿§-ß-fn¬ Ign-®p-Iq-t´≠ hne-

s∏´ ka-b-ß-fm-W-h-sb-t∂m¿°-Ww.

tNmZyw 24:aXn-bmb Imc-W-ap-≠m-b-t∏mƒ t\mºv apdn-®p.

F∂m¬ B ImcWw CS°v sh®v \oßn. ]I-ense

_m°nh∂ kabw Ah≥ t\mºvImc-s\-t∏m-se-bm-

bn-cn-t°-≠-Xpt≠m?

adp-]Sn: C√, id-Cs‚ ]n≥_-e-Øn-em-W-h≥ t\mºv apdn-®n-cn-

°p-∂-Xv. acp∂v Ign-°¬ AXym-h-iy-amb tcmKn t\mºv

2 7

apdn-°p-∂p. AhnsS t\mºns‚ ]hn-X-X°v tIm´w

X´p∂ ]iv\w Ahs\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw C√.

F∂mepw ]Icw Hcp t\mºv Ah≥ A\p-jvTn-°-Ww.

DZm-l-cWw ˛ Hcmƒ apßnacn-°m≥ t]mIp-∂p. t\mºv

apdn-®mte X\n-°-bmsf c£-s∏-SpØm≥ Ignbq F∂v

tXm∂n t\mºv apdn®v a‰-hs\ c£-s∏-Sp-Øn. ]I-en¬

tijn® kabw btY„w `£Ww Ign-°mw. Hcp tcmKn

\mw Ah-t\mSv hni-°p-tºmƒ amXta `£n-°m-hq.

Zmln-°p-tºmƒ amXta sh≈w IpSn-°mhq F∂v ]d-

bm-dn-√. ImcWw Ch-¿s°√mw t\mºv apdn-°¬ A\p-

h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv. At∏mƒ ]am-W-ß-fpsS ]n≥_-e-Øn¬

t\mºv apdn-®-Xm-sW-¶n¬ _m°n-h-cp∂ ]I-en¬

t\mºvImc-\m-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xn-s√∂v Npcp-°w. ]Xn-_-‘-

ß-sfm-∂p-an-√msX id-Cs‚ A\p-hm-Z-an-√msXbmsW-

¶n¬ AhnsS t\mºns‚ ]hn-X-X°v tIm´w X´n-bn-cn-

°p-∂p. AXv sIm≠v t\mºvIm-c-\mbn Ign-®vIq-t -≠Xpw

as‰mcp Znhkw t\mºv t\m‰v hot´-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

tNmZyw25: \mfsØ t\mºv A\p-jvTn-°p∂p F∂v \nøØv

sNbvXp. da-fm-\m-sW-¶n¬ \n¿_‘ t\msº∂pw

As√-¶n¬ sFOnI t\msº∂pw IcpXn. B Znhkw

da-fm-\m-sW-¶n¬ t\m‰ t\mºv da-fm≥ t\mºmbn

KWn-°ptam?

adp-]Sn: C√, ImcWw kwi-b-tØm-SvIq-Sn-bmWv t\m‰-Xv F∂Xv

Xs∂. (A¬ DΩv 2/56) AΩm¿ (d) ]d™p: kwi-b-

ap≈ Znhkw t\mºv t\m‰-h≥ A_p¬ Jmknw (\_n)

s\ [n°-cn-®-h-\mbncn°p∂p (A-_q-Zm-hqZv. 1/326, Xp¿ap-

Zn 3/366) kwi-b-ap≈ Znhkw F∂v ]d-™Xv iA-

_m≥ ap∏-XmtWm da-fm≥ H∂mtWm F∂v kwi-bn-

°p∂ Znh-ksØ D-t±-in-®m-Wv. (kp_p-ep--˛ 2/218)

tNmZyw26: hni∏pw Zmlhpw kln-°-h-ømsX ]I¬ GXm≠pw

2 8

Xf¿∂h\mbn Ign-®p-Iq-ń-bm¬ AXv t\mºns\

_m[n-°ptam?

adp-]Sn: C√, AØcw Bfp-Iƒ°v A[n-I-cn® ]Xn- -e-ap-s≠-

∂mWv ]Tn-∏n-°-s∏- -Xv. Bbn-i(-d)-tbmSv dkq-ep-√mln

(k) ]d-™p. ]Xn- ew \ns‚ Xf¿®-bpsS tXmX-\p-

k-cn-®m-bn-cn°pw e`n-°pI (_p-. 1787 ap. 1211) F∂m¬

sh≈w sIm≠v XWp-∏n-°p-I. XWp-∏p≈ ÿeØv

Ign-®p-Iq- q-I F∂n-h-sb√mw sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

tNmZyw27: t\mºvImcs‚ tamW-bn¬ \n∂v c‡w s]mSn-™m¬

t\mºv apdn-bptam?

adp-]Sn: C√, ]s£ hmbn-eqsS D≈n-te°v A¬]sa¶nepw IS∂v

t]mhp-∂Xv kq£n-°-Ww. aq°n-eqsS c‡w h∂mepw

D≈n-te°v IS-°p-∂-Xns\ kq£n°-W-sat∂ D≈q.

CXns‚ t]cn¬ t\mºv t\m‰v hot -≠-Xn-√.

tNmZyw28: Hcp s]Ïpń B¿Ø-h-Im--cn-bm-bn pw A⁄X

ImcWw Ahƒ t\mº-\pjvSn®p. AXns‚ t]cn¬

sX≠w sImSp-t°-≠-Xpt≠m?

adp-]Sn: B¿Ø-h-Im-eØv t\m‰ t\msº√mw ho≠pw t\m¬°-

Ww. B¿Ø-h-Im-esØ t\mºv kzoIm-cy-a-√. A⁄X

ChnsS ]cn-K-W-\o-b-hp-a-√. t\m‰-Xns‚ t]cn¬ sX≠w

sImSp-t°≠Xn-√. s]Ïpń B¿Ø-h-Im--cn-bm-bn-°-

gn-™m¬ \mWw sIm≠v ho´p-Im-tcmSv ]d-™n-s√∂v

ht∂-°pw. ]s£ t\mºv A\p-jvSn-®n-cp-∂n-s√-¶nepw

AXbpw Znh-k-Øn\v ]Icw a‰p-am-k-ß-fn¬ Ahƒ

t\mº-\p-jvSn-°m≥ IS-s∏- -h-fm-Wv. ImcWw B¿Øhw

Bhp-∂-tXmsS Ahƒ C…m-anI \nb-a-ßƒ°v IS-s∏-

-h-fmbnØocp-∂p. AXv ]mb-]q¿Øn-bm-b-Xns‚ ]e

AS-bm-f-ß-fn¬ H∂m-Wv.

tNmZyw29: B¿Ø-h-Imcn ]`m-X-Øn\v apºv ip≤n-bm-hp-Ibpw

2 9

]`m-X-Øn-\p-tijw Ipfn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ Ah-

fpsS t\mºns‚ hn[n F¥mWv?

adp-]Sn: ]`m-X-Øn\v aptº ip≤n Bbn F∂v Dd-∏p-s≠-¶n¬

t\mºn\v Ipg-∏-an-√. AtXkabw AkvX-a-b-Øn\v

sXm vapºv c‡w I≠p F¶n¬ t\mºv \jvS-s∏- Xmbn

IW-°m-°-Ww. ISw ho -Ww. Nne kvXoIƒ icn°pw

ip≤n-bm-hmsX ip≤n-bmsb∂v kwi-bn-®vsIm≠v kwi-

b-\n-hm-c-W-Øn\v th≠n Bbn-i(-d)-bpsS Acn-IØv

sN√m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-tcmSv \nßƒ [rXn-Iq-´-cp-

sX∂pw icn°pw ]™n sh≈-\ndw Bhp-∂Xvhsc

(Im-Øn-cn-°-Ww)- F∂pw ]d-bm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. At∏mƒ

Dd-∏m-bn-°-gn-™m¬ amXw t\mºn∂v \nøØv sNø-

Ww. Ipfn ]`m-X-Øn\v tijam-bmepw Ipg-∏-an-√. ]s£

]`mX \a-kvImcw kabw sX‰msX \n¿∆-ln-°-W-sa∂v

amXw.

]`m-X-Øn\v apºv ip≤n ssIh-cp∂ kvXoIƒ hnkvX-

cn®v Ipfn-°p-∂-Xn-∂mbn kqtcym-Z-b-Øn\v ImØv

\n¬°p-∂Xv da-fm-\nemhs´ A√m-Ø-t∏mgmhs´ ]mSn-

√m-Ø-Xm-Wv. \a-kvImcw ka-bØv In´p-∂-Xn∂v th≠n

\o≠ Ipfn \o´n-sh®v sNdnb tXmXn¬ Ipfn®v \a-kvI-

cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. ip≤n-ssI-h∂ kvXo Ipfn-°msX ]`m-

X-Øn¬ ]th-in-°p-∂Xv P\m-_-ØvIm-c≥ ]`m-X-Øn¬

]th-in--°p-∂Xv t]mse-bm-Wv. t\mºv ]nSn-°p-∂-Xn∂v

bmsXmcp XI-cm-dp-an-s√∂v kmcw. \_n(-k) P\m-

_ØvImc\pw t\mºvIm-c-\p-am-bn-s°m≠v t\cw ]pe-

cm-dp-s≠∂pw ]`m-tXm-Z-b-Øn\v tijw Ipfn-°m-dp-≠m-

bn-cp-∂p(-_p. 1930- -ap. 1109) F∂pw ÿnc-s∏- n- p-≠v.

tNmZyw30: B¿Ø-h-Im-cn-Iƒ t\mºv ISw hot -≠-XmWv F∂pw

\a-kvIm-cw, AXv \n¿_-‘-am-b-Xm-sW-¶n¬t]mepw

ISw hot´-≠-Xn√ F∂p-ap≈ c≠vXcw I¬]\

3 0

F¥vsIm-≠mWv?

adp-]Sn: Bbn-i(-d) tNmZn-°-s∏-´p. B¿Ø-h-Im-cn-Iƒ F¥m-

Wn-ßs\ t\mºv ho´p-∂Xpw \a-kvImcw ho´m-Xn-cn-°p-

∂Xpw? Ah¿ ]d™p: Rßƒ Aßn-s\-bm-bn-cn-°p-

tºmƒ t\mºv ho´-W-sa∂v I¬]n-®p. \a-kvImcw

ho´m≥ th≠n I¬∏n-®n-´n -√. (Xp¿apZn 3/498)-F-

∂XvsIm≠vX-s∂.

tNmZyw31: t\mºp-Im-c≥ kpdp-a-bn-Sp-∂-Xns‚ hn[n-sb¥v?

adp-]Sn: t\mºv t\m‰vsIm≠v kpdp-a-bn-Sp-∂-Xn\v Hcp hntcm-[-

hp-an-√. IÆntem sNhn-bntem ZmhIw D‰n-°p-∂Xpw

(A-Xns‚ cpNn- sXm-≠-bn¬ A\p- -h-s∏- m-epw) t\mºv

apdnbpIbn√. F∂m¬ aq°n¬ ZmhI hkvXp-°ƒ Hgn-

°pI-bpw AX-hs‚ D≈n¬ FØ-W-sa∂v Dt±-in-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXm¬ t\mºv apdn-bp-∂-Xm-Wv. \_n(-k)-]-

d™p: aq°n¬ sh≈w \√-t]mse Ib-‰p-I. t\mºvIm-

c-\-s√-¶n¬ (-A-_p-Zm-hqZv 1/21, Xp¿ap-Zn 38, C_v\p-am-

Plv 1/33, \km-Cu 1/27).

tNmZyw32: t\mºvIm-c≥ kpJ‘w hmk-\n-®m¬ t\mºv apdn-

bptam?

adp-]Sn: Zmh-I-cq-]-Øn-ep-≈tXm s]mSn-bm-bn-´p-≈tXm Bb

GXvXcw kpK-‘-am-Is´ Zp¿K-‘-am-Is´ AXv hmk-

\n-°p-∂Xv t\mºns\ Ipg-∏-Øn-em-°p-∂-X-√. s]mSn C\-

Øn¬s∏ -Xm-Ip-tºmƒ AXv aq°n¬ Ib-dp-∂Xv kq£n-

°-Ww. s]mSn sh≈w t]mse-Øs∂ D≈n-te°v ]th-

in®v t\mºv apdn-°p∂ hkvXp-hm-Wv. Zmh-I-am-hp-tºmƒ

AXv aq°ns‚ Atß A‰w-hsc FØn-bmepw D≈n-

te°v IS-°p-∂n-√. K‘w amXw D≈n-te°v sN√p-∂-

XvsIm≠v t\mºn∂v tZmj-sam-∂p-an-√.

tNmZyw33: t\mºv t\m‰vsIm≠v _jv sNøp-∂Xpw FÆ tX°p-

3 1

∂Xpw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Iptam?

adp-]Sn: ]I-ens‚ c≠-‰Øpw t\mºp-Im-c≥ _jv sNøp-∂Xv

t]m’m-l-P-\-I-am-Wv. \_n(-k)-]-d™p: _jv sNøp-

∂Xv hmb°v shSn∏pw d∫n∂v CjvShpw D≠m-°p-∂-

Xm-Wv. (^Xvlp¬_mcn5/656) \_n(-k)-]-d™p: Fs‚

kap-Zm-b-Øn\v Rm≥ _p≤n-ap v hcp-Øp-∂-Xns\ bs∏-

´n- n√mbn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ F√m \a-kvIm-c-th-f-bnepw _jv

sNøm≥ Rm≥ I¬]n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. ( -Xvlp¬ _mcn

5/656, apkvenw 252) t]kv‰v t]mep-≈-Xns‚ Awiw D≈n-

te°nd-ßp-∂Xv t\mºn\v `wKw hcp-Øp-sa-¶nepw FÆ

Xe-bnepw ico-c-Ønepw ]pc-´p-∂Xv t\mºns\ Hcp

\ne°pw _m[n-°p-I-bn-√.

tNmZyw34: IÆnepw aq°nepw sNhn-bnepw acp∂v D‰n-°p-tºmƒ

AXv t\mºns\ _m[n-°ptam?

adp-]Sn: aq°n-sem-gn-°p∂ ZmhIw Bam-i-b-Øn-te°v F-Øp-

tºmƒ t\mºv apdn-°pw. \_n(-k)- e-Io-Xn-t\mSv ]d-

™t√m "t\mºn-s√-¶n¬ aq°n¬ \√-t]mse sh≈w

Ib-‰-Ww.' (A-_q-Zm- 142, Xp¿ap 38, \km 87, C-_v\p-am.

448) AXvsIm≠v t\mºvIm-c≥ Bam-i-b-Øn-te°v

IS∂v sN√-Ø° \ne°v aq°n¬ ZmhIw D‰n-°-cp-Xv.

F∂m¬ IÆn¬ D‰n-°p-∂Xv kpdpa CSp-∂-Xvt]m-se-

Øs∂ t\mºv apdn-°p-I-bn-√. sNhn-bnepw Aßn-s\-

Ø-s∂. IÆpw sNhnbpw A∂-]m-\o-b-ßƒ IS-∂vsN-

√p∂ hgn-I-f-√. ]mZ-Øn-\-Sn-bn¬ amen\yw ]pc≠v

AXns‚ cpNn sXm≠-bn¬hsc FØn-bmepw t\mºvap-

dn -bp-I-bn-√ F∂mWv ]finX∑m¿ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

hkvXp°ƒ D≈n-te°v IS∂v sN∂n- n-s√-∂mWv Ah¿

AXn\v ImWp∂ \ymbo-I-c-Ww.(A¬ aZm-ln-_n˛1/571)

tNmZyw35: t\mºp-Im-c≥ sImπn--°pItbm aq°n¬ sh≈w Ib-

‰p-Itbm sNbvX-t∏mƒ sh≈w A_-≤-Øn¬ D≈n-

3 2

te°v IS-∂p. t\mºv apdn-bptam?

adp-]Sn: Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ sh≈w D≈n-te°v IS∂v t]mb-

XvsIm≠v t\mºv apdn-bp-I-bn-√. ImcWw AX-h≥ Icp-

Xn-Iq- n-b-X-√. A√mlp(X) ]d™p: \nßƒ A_≤w

sNbvXvt]m-b-Xn¬ \nß-fpsSta¬ Ip‰-an-√-Xm-\pw, ]s£

\nß-fpsS lrZ-b-ßƒ Icp-Xn-°q´n sNbvX-Xm-Wv(-Ip-‰-

I-cw)-(33:5).

tNmZyw36: t\mºvIm-c≥ icocw XWp-∏n-°p-∂-Xns‚ hn[n-sb¥v?

adp-]Sn: t\mºvIm-c≥ Xs‚ icocw XWp-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v Hcp

hntcm-[-hp-an-√. t\mºv D≈-t∏mƒ dkq-ep-√mln(-k)

NqSpw Zmlhpw IqSnb Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Xe-bn-eqsS

sh≈w Hgp-°mdp-≠m-bn-cp∂p(A-_p-Zm-hq-Zv 1/329). NqSv,

Zmlw F∂nh ITn-\-am-hp-tºmƒ ia-\-Øn-∂mbn

t\mºvIm-c-\mb Da¿(-d)-Xs‚ hkvX-ßƒ \\-°p-am-

bn-cp-∂p. XWp-∏n-°p-∂-XvsIm≠v Hcn-°epw Bam-i-b-

Øn-te°v sh≈w FØp-∂n-√. AXvsIm≠v Aßns\

sNøp-∂Xv t\mºns\ _m[n-°p-I-bn-√.

tNmZyw37: hmbbn¬ \ns∂m-en-°p∂ tIe t\mºv apdn-°ptam?

adp-]Sn: tIe AXv t\mºvIm-cs‚ ]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬s∏´-X√

F∂p-≈-XvsIm≠v AXv FX A[n-I-am -bmepw

t\mºn∂v Hcp `wKhpw hcp-Øp-∂-X-√.

-tNmZyw38: I^w, aq°´ F∂nh hngp-ßn-t∏m-bm¬ F¥mWv

t\mºns‚ ÿnXn?

adp-]Sn: I^hpw aq°- bpw hmb-bn-te-s°-Øn-bn-s√-¶n¬ t\mºv

apdn-bp-I-bn-s√∂v Hc- n-]m-b-ap-≠v. hmb-bn-te-s°-Øp-

Ibpw ]n∂oSv AXv hngp-ßp-I-bpw sNbvXm¬, AXv

Xn∂p-∂-Xn-t\mSpw IpSn-°p-∂-Xn-t\mSpw kmay-X-bp-

s≠∂ \ymb-Øn¬ t\mºv apdn-bp-sa-s∂m-c- n-]m-bhpw

3 3

D≠v. Dan-\o-cnt\mSv, AsX-X-bm-bmepw apdn-bp-I-bn-√t√m

F∂ \ymb-Øn¬ t\mºv apdn-bp-I-bn-s√∂ A`n-]mbw

thsd-bp-ap-≠v.

A`n-]m-b-hy-Xymkw D≠m-bm¬ Jp¿ B\n-te°pw

kp∂-Øn-te°pw aS--ßp-I-bm-Wt√m th-≠-Xv. Hcp Bcm-

[-\m-I¿Ωhpw Akm-[p-hm-Ip-I-bn-s√-∂m-Wt√m ASn-

ÿm-\-]-c-ambn D≈-Xv. B ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Chc≠pw

hngp-ßn-bm¬ t\mºv apdn-bp-I-bn-s√-∂mWv a\-n-em-t°-

≠-Xv. aq°´ Hcn-°epw hmbn-eqsS hen®v sXm≠-bn¬

FØn-°-cp-Xv. hmbn-te°v Adn-bmsX FØn-°-gn-

™m¬ t\mºvIm-c-\m-Is´ A√m-Ø-h-\m-Is´ ]pd-

tØ°v Hgn-hm-°-Ww. ChnsS t\mºv apdn-bp-sa∂v ]d-

b-W-sa-¶n¬ AwKo-IrX sXfn-hp-Iƒ e`n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-

°p-∂p.

-tNmZyw39: \njn-≤-amb kwkmcw t\mºv apdn-bm≥ ImcW-am-

Iptam?

adp-]Sn: t\mºv \n¿_-‘-am-°n-b-Xns‚ e£y-sa-¥v˛ AXv

XJvhbmWv F∂v BZyta ]d-™-t√m, \njn-≤-

Imcyßsf shSn-bp-Ibpw IS-a-Iƒ \n¿∆-ln-°p-Ibpw

sNøpI. CXmWv XJvhbpsS hnh-£-. \_n(-k) ]d™p:

sX‰mb hm°p-Ifpw ]h¿Øn-Ifpw a≠-Ø-c-ßfpw

Bcv shSn-bp-∂n-√tbm Ah¿ `£-W-]m-\o-b-ß-fp-t]-

£n-°Ww F∂v A√m-lp-hn-∂m-h-iy-an-√. (_pJmcn 1903)

A√m-lp-hn-s‚bpw dkq-en-s‚bpw Cu hmIy-ß-sf√mw

t\mºvImc-t\mSv \njn-≤-ß-fmb hm°pw ]h¿Ønbpw

Dt]-£n-°-W-sa∂v i‡nbmbn Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-I-bm-

Wt√m sNøp-∂-Xv. At∏mƒ A]-cs\ IpØn-∏-d-b-cp-

Xv. Ifhpw ]c-Zq-j-Whpw ]d-b-cp-Xv. hne-°-s∏´ I®-h-

S-Øn¬ G¿s∏-S-cp-Xv. Npcp-°-Øn¬ F√m Ip‰-I-c-am-b-

Xn¬ \n∂pw ]msS Hgn-b-Ww. Aßns\ Hcp amkw apgp-

3 4

h≥ d∫ns‚ I¬]-\-Iƒ Ign-hXpw ]men®v t\mºns‚

ssNX\yw DƒsIm≠v \njn-≤-ßsf apgp-h≥ shSn™v

ioen-®m¬ _m°n-Im-e-ß-fn¬ Ahs‚ PohnXw \∂m-

bn-cn-°p-sa∂v Xo¿®.

F∂m¬ Ht´sd t\mºvImcpw Cu amk-Øns‚ ]hn-X-

X-sb-Ip-dn®v Hm¿°p-∂n-√. Ah¿ ]Xnhv t]mse Ifhv,

NXn, Ak- y-ßƒ t]mep-≈-Xn¬ apgp-In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-

∂p. F∂m¬ CØcw ]h¿Øn-IƒsIm≠v t\mºv apdn-

bp-I-bn-s√-¶nepw t\mºns‚ hnebpw aqeyhpw e£yhpw

\jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp-sa∂v Xo¿®. CØcw Zpxz-`mhßƒ

A[n-I-am-bn- p-s≠-¶n¬ t\mºns‚ apgp-h≥ ]Xn- -ehpw

\jvS-s∏-´p-t]m-Iptam F∂v `b-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v.

tNmZyw40: I≈ km£yw F∂-XvsIm≠v F¥mWpt±-in-°p-

∂Xv? AXv t\mºv apdn-°ptam?

adp-]-Sn: X\n-°-dn-bm-Ø-Imcyw Adn-bp-sa-∂-Xn∂pw Adn-bp-∂-Xn-

s∂-Xn-cn¬ ]d-bp-∂-Xn∂pw km£n \n¬°p-I. CXv Ip‰-

ß-fn¬ h≥Ip-‰-am-bn- mWv Jp¿B\pw kp∂Øpw FÆn-

bn-cn-°p-∂Xv. CXv aptJ\ t\mºv apdn-bp-I-bn-s√-¶nepw

t\mºns‚ ]Xn- ew Ipd-bp-sa-∂mWv a\-n-em-hp-∂-

Xv.

tNmZyw 41:da-fm≥ t\mºv IS-ap-≠m-bn-cns° i∆m-ense Bdv

t\mºv A\p-jvSn-°mtam?

adp-]-Sn: \_n(-k)-]-d-™n- p≠v. BcmtWm da-fm≥ t\mºv A\p-

jvSn-°p-Ibpw i∆m¬ amk-Øn¬ Bdv t\mºv AXn-

t\mSv XpS¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvX-h≥ Ah≥ Imew apgp-

h≥ t\mºv t\m‰-hs\t∏mse-bmbn (apkvenw 1164)-. i-

∆m-en¬ Bdv t\mºv A\p-jvSn-°p-∂Xv IS-ap≈ t\mºv

t\m‰-Xn\v tijta ]‰q, AXns‚ apºv Bbn-°qS F∂n-

ßs\ A`n-]m-b-ß-fp-≠v. DZm-l-c-Ww. Hcmƒ da-fm≥

3 5

24 t\m‰p Bdv _m°n-bp-≠v. Cu ISw ho´p-∂-Xn\v apºv

i∆m-en¬ 6 t\m‰m¬ AXv da-fm≥ t\mºmbn ]cn-K-Wn-

°-s∏-Sp-∂-X-√. ]ns∂bpw 6 t\m‰p. da-fm-\n-te-sX∂v

\nø-Øn-s√-¶n¬ AXpw da-fm-\n-te-X-√.

Cu ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ t\m°n-bm¬ da-fm≥ t\mºv IS-

ap-≈-h≥ i∆m-ense 6 t\mºv t\m‰m¬ Xs∂ AXn∂v

]Xn-êw Dd-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. Cu ]iv\w da-fm≥

t\mºv IS-ap-≈-h\v kp∂Øv t\mºv A\p-jvSn-®m¬

]Xn-êw Dt≠m Ct√ F∂ ]finX∑m-cpsS A`n-

]m-b-hy-Xym-k-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-X-√. ImcWw B

X¿°w 6 t\mºns\°pdn-®-√. Cu 6 t\mºm-Is´ da-

fm≥ t\mºn-t\mSv tN¿∂v hcp-∂-Xm-Wv. AXn-\m¬ Xs∂

da-fm≥ t\mºv ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-b-h\√msX Cu 6

t\mºns‚ ]Xn- ew e`y-a-√.

tNmZyw42: da-fm-\n¬ t\mºv t\m¬°m-Xn-cp∂ Hcp tcmKn AtX

amk-Øn¬ Xs∂ acn-®p. Abmƒ t\mºv ISw D≈-

h-\m-Iptam?

adp-]-Sn: s]´-∂p-≠mb Hcp tcmK-Øm-emWv acn-®-sX-¶n¬

Abmƒ B t\mºv t\m‰v ho´m≥ _m[y-ÿ-\-√.

A√mlp(X) ]d-™t√m: Bsc-¶nepw tcmKntbm bmX-

bntem Bbm¬ a‰p-Zn-h-k-ß-fn¬ \n∂v FÆw ]q¿Øn-

bm-°pI (2˛184). At∏mƒ Cu tcmKn as‰-sX-¶nepw

Znhkw AXv hot -≠-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. ]t£ AXn-∂-bmƒ°v

Ah-kcw Inń-bn-√. iA-_m-\n¬ acn-s®m-cmƒ°v

ASpØ da-fm-\nse t\mºv \n¿_-‘-an-√m-ØXv t]mse-

bm-W-Xv. kpJ-s∏-Sp-I-bn-s√∂v Dd-∏n-® tcmKnbmWv

Hmtcm Znh-k-Øn∂pw th≠n Hcp ]mh-s∏- -h\v £Ww

sImSp-t°-≠Xv.

tNmZyw43: t\mºv IS-ap-≈-bmƒ ISw ho´m≥ Ah-kcw Inń-

bn´pw ho´m-sX-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-∂n-S-bn¬ s]s´∂v acn-

3 6

®p. F¥v sNøWw?

adp-]-Sn: t\mºvISw ho´m≥ Ah-kcw e`n-®n´pw AXv ho´msX

acn-®p-t]m-bm¬ Abm-fpsS A\-¥-cm-h-Im-in-Iƒ AXv

t\m‰v ho´-Ww. \_n(-k) ]d-™p. GsXm-cmƒ

t\mºvISw \n¿Øn-sh®v t]mIp-∂pthm Ahs‚ A\-

¥-cm-h-Im-in-Iƒ B t\mºv t\m‰v sIm≈s´.(_p-. 1952

˛-ap 1147) apgp-h≥ t\mºpw A\-¥-cm-h-Im-in-I-fn¬

Hcmƒt°m ]e¿°p-ambn hnlnXw sht®m t\m¬°m-

hp-∂-Xm-Wv.t\mºv _m[y-X-bp≈ \ne-bn¬ Hcmƒ acn-

®m¬ Abmƒ°v th≠n Blmcw ]mb-›n-Ø-ambn

\¬I-s∏-SWw F∂ dnt∏m¿´v ÿnc-s∏-´-X-√. (i-dD

apkvenw 4/282)

tNmZyw44: kp∂-Ømb t\mºns\ AIm-c-W-ambn apdn-®m¬

Abmƒ Ip‰-°m-c-\m-Iptam? AXv ssewKnI thgvN

sIm≠m-sW-¶n¬ sX≠w sImSp-t°-≠-Xpt≠m?

adp-]Sn: kp∂Øv t\mºv Xnt∂m IpSnt®m ssewKnI thgvN

\S-Øntbm apdn-®m¬ AXv Ip‰-I-c-a-√. l÷pw Dw-d-bp-

a-√mØ GsXmcp sFOnI I¿Ωambmepw AXv ]q¿Øn-

bm-°¬ \n¿_-‘-an-√. F¶nepw DØaw ]q¿Øn-bm-°-

em-Wv. sFOnI t\mºn-¬ ssewKn-I-thgvN \S-Øn-bm¬

sX≠w H∂p-an-√. F∂m¬ da-fm≥ t\mºv \n¿_-‘-ap-

≈-h≥ t\mºns‚ ]I-en¬ `mcy-bp-ambn thgvN \S-

Øn-bm¬ sX≠w sImSp-°-Ww.

tNmZyw45: i∆m-ense 6 t\mºv FSp°m≥ G‰hpw \√Xv Ft∏m-

gmWv? AXv Hcn-°¬ A\p-jvSn-®XvsIm≠v F√m

h¿jhpw A\p-jvSn-°-¬ \n¿_-‘-am-bn-Øo-cptam?

adp-]Sn: sNdnb s]cp-∂mƒ Ign™ Znhkw apX¬°p≈

XpS¿®-bmb 6 Znh-k-ß-fn-emWv F∂mWv ]finX∑m-

cpsS ]£w. \_n(-k) ]d™ ""]n∂oSv AXn-t\mSv

3 7

XpS¿ØpI'' F∂ ]tbm-K-Øn-t\mSv G‰hpw tbmNn-

°p-∂Xv AXm-Wv. \∑-bn-te°v AXn-thKw hcp-∂-Xns\

t]cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Aßn-s\-bp-≈-hsc ]pIgvØn∏d-bp-

Ibpw sNøp∂ [mcmfw D±-c-Wn-Iƒ Jp¿-B-\nepw lZo-

knepw h∂n-´p--s≠∂pw Hm¿°pI. Ah-k-c-ßƒ \jvS-

s∏- vt]m-Ip-∂-Xn-ep≈ PmKX \√ ASn-a-bpsS AS-bm-

f-am-Wv. CXv GXv \√ Imcyw sNøp-∂-Xnepw D≠m-bn-cn-

t°≠ \√ kz`m-h-hp-am-Wv. Cu t\mºv Hcp h¿jw

FSp-ØXvsIm≠v F√m h¿jhpw FSp-°¬ \n¿_-‘-

am-bn-Øo-cp-sa∂ [mcW sX‰m-Wv. CXv \n¿_-‘-a-√.

sFOnIw amX-am-Wv.

tNmZyw46: BiqdmAv Zn\w t\mº-\p-jvSn-°p-∂-Xns‚ hn[n-

sb¥v?

adp-]Sn: \_n(-k) aZo-\-bn¬ sN∂-t∏mƒ apldw amk-Ønse

10˛mw Znhkw PqX∑m¿ t\msºSp°p∂-Xmbn I≠p.

At∏mƒ \_n(-k)-]-d-™p. Rm\mWv aqkm(-A)-t\mSv

\nß-sf-°m-sf√mw _‘-s∏- -h≥. Aßns\ B t\mºv

\_n(-k)-F-Sp-Øp. AXv A\p-jvSn-°m≥ I¬]n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp.(_p. 2004, ap. 1130 ). Cu t\mºns‚ ]tXy-I-X-

sb-Ip-dn®v \_n(-k)-tbmSv tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ \_n(-k)-]-

d™p. apºsØ h¿j-Øn¬ h∂vt]mb ]m]-ßƒ

A√m-lp-hn¬ \n∂v s]mdpØv In´p-sa∂v Rm≥ Bin-

°p-∂p. (ap-…nw 1162). F∂m¬ Cu ]Øn-t\m-sSm∏w

HºtXm ]Xn-s\mt∂m (9+10 As√-¶n¬ 10+11) t\m‰v

sIm≠v PqX-tcmSv hyXy-kvXX ]pe¿ØW-sa∂v \_n(-

k)-I¬]n-®n- p-≠v. F∂m¬ 10 t\msSm∏w 9 tN¿°-emWv

11 tN¿°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ DØ-aw.

tNmZyw47: iA_m≥ amk-Ønse t\mºns‚ ÿnXn F¥mWv?

adp-]Sn: iA_m≥ amk-Øn¬ t\mºv A\p-jvSn-°pI amX-a√,

A[n-I-ambn A\p-jvSn-°p-∂Xv amXr-I-bp-≈-Xm-Wv. Bbn-

3 8

i(-d)-]-d-bp-I--bp-≠mbn: iA_m≥ t\mºn-t\mfw as‰mcp

t\mºpw h¿≤n-∏n -°p-∂-Xmbn \_nsb Rm≥

I≠n´n√(_p. 1969).]finX∑m¿ ]d-bp∂p: da-fm≥

t\mºns‚ apºp≈ iA-_m≥ t\mºn\v \n¿_‘ \a-

kvIm-c-ß-fpsS apºmbn \n¿∆-ln-°-s∏-Sp∂ kp∂Øv

\a-kvIm-c-ß-fpsS ÿm\-am-Wv. AXv t]mse \n¿_-‘-

\-a-kvIm-c-ß-fpsS tij-ap≈ kp∂Øv \a-kvIm-c-ß-

fpsS ÿm\-amWv i∆m¬ t\mºn-∂p-≈-Xv. IqSmsX

hcm≥ t]mIp∂ da-fm≥ t\mºn-∂p≈ ]cn-io-e-\hpw

Xøm-sd-Sp∏pw IqSn-bmWv F∂ ]tXy-I-Xbpw iA_m≥

t\mºn-∂p-≠v.(^-Xm-hmA¿Im\p¬C…mw-˛-lp-ssk-

ao≥491).

tNmZyw48: iA--_m≥,-i-∆m¬,-ap-l-dw,-A-d^ F∂o t\mºp-Iƒ

kp∂-Øm-sW∂v tNmtZym-Ø-c-ßƒ°nsS kqNn-∏n-

®-t√m. F∂m¬ Ch IqSmsX GsX-¶nepw kp∂Øv

-t\mºv ÿnc-s∏- -Xm-bn- pt≠m?

adp-]Sn: D≠v. F√m Ad_n amk-Øn-sebpw 13,14,15 Xnø-Xn-I-fn-

epw(-_p1981 - - ap 1160) BgvN-bnse Xn¶ƒ,hymgw Znh-k-

ß--fnepw(Xp¿apZn 744,\-km-Cu 1/328) t\mº\pjvSn-°¬

]pWyam-sW∂v ÿnc-s∏- n- p-≠v.

tNmZyw49: t\mºv tN¿Øv t\m¬°pI F∂XvsIms≠-¥mWv

Dt±iyw?

adp-]Sn: tN¿Øv t\m¬°p-I-sb-∂m¬ c≠v t\mºns‚ CS-bn¬

`£-W-an-√msX c≠v t\mºpw Ign-™n v `£Ww Ign-

°pI F∂v hnh-£. CXv \_n(-k)-i-‡-ambn hne-°n-

b-Xm-Wv. \_n(-k)-]-d™p: B¿s°-¶nepw Aßns\

sNø-W-sa-∂ps≠¶n¬ AØmgw hsc tN¿Øv sIm≈-

s´(-_p 1967). Cßns\ sNøp-∂-Xn\v A\p-hm-Z-ap-s≠∂v

amXw, F∂-√msX ]pWy-am-sW∂v ]Tn-∏n-®-X-√. \_n

3 9

(k)-t\mºv Xpd-°¬ [rXn ImWn-°p-∂-Xv t]cn-∏n-®n-

´p≠v. t\mºv Xpd-°p-∂-Xn¬ thKw Iq´p-∂-h-sc√mw

t\´w ssIh-cn-®-h-cm-Ip-∂p F∂v \_n(-k)-]-d-™Xv

t\csØ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ \nßƒ

tN¿Øn t\mº-\p-jvSn-°p-∂p-≠t√m F∂v \_n(k)-

tbmSv tNmZn -®-t∏mƒ Rm≥ \nßsft∏mse-b√

F∂mWv \_n(-k)-a-dp-]Sn ]d-™-Xv.(-_p-1922 ˛ -ap 1102)

tNmZyw50: sh≈n-bmgvN amX-ambn t\mº-\p-jvSn-°p-∂-Xns\

hne-°n-b-sX-¥m-Wv? ISw ho´p∂ t\mºn∂pw Cu

hne°v _m[-I-am-Iptam? CS-hn v t\m¬°p-∂-hs‚

t\mºv sh≈n-bm-gvN-bn¬ h∂m¬ F¥v sNøpw?

adp-]Sn: \_n(-k)-]-d™n p≠v. sh≈n--bmgvNsb t\mºvsIm≠v

]tXy-I-am-°-cp-Xv. AXns‚ cmXnsb cmXn-\-a-kvIm-

cw-sIm≠pw ]tXy-I-am-°-cp-Xv(-apkvenw 1144). CS-hn´v

t\m¬°p-∂-hs‚ t\mºv sh≈n, i\n, Rmb¿ XpS-

ßnb GXv Znh-k-ß-tfmSv HØv h∂mepw A∂v t\mº-

\p-jvSn-°p-∂Xv sX‰√. ]t£ t\mºv \njn-≤-amb Znh-

k-ß-tfmSv HØv h∂-Xm-h-cp -Xv. Dug-a-\p-k-cn®v

t\mºns‚ Znhkw c≠v s]cp-∂mƒ, Aøm-ap-Øiv coJv,

F∂o Znh-k-ß-tfmSv HØv h∂mepw t\m-ºv]n-Sn-°p-∂Xv

Ip‰-I-c-am-Wv.

ta¬]d™ ]Im-c-am-sW-¶n¬ sh≈n-bmgvN amX-ambn

t\mº-\p-jvSn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-b-√t√m \ntcm-[n-t°≠-Xv.

s]cp-∂mƒ Znhkw t\mº-\p-jvSn-°p-∂Xv \njn-≤-am-°n-

b-t]mse- sh≈n-bm-gvN-t\mºv Xosc \njn≤am-°p-I-

bt√ sNtø≠Xv, F∂v tNmZn-®m¬ A√. ImcWw

sh≈n-bmgvN amk-Øn¬ 4 Bh¿Øn hcp∂ Znh-k-am-

Wv. s]cp-∂m-fm-hs´ h¿j-Øn¬ Hcm-h¿Øn amXta

hcp-∂p-≈p. AXvsIm≠v Cu hne°v Xosc \njn≤w

F∂ \ne°v ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. sh≈n-bm-gvN-bpsS

4 0

aptºm ]ntºm D≈ Hcp Znh-ksØ AXn-t\mSv tN¿Øn

t\mºv ]nSn-°-ptºmƒ B Znh-ksØ ]tXy-I-am-°pI

F∂ Dt±iw hcp-∂n-√.

F∂m¬ Cu hne°v IS-ap-≈Xv t\m‰v ho´p-∂-Xn\v _m[-

I-amtWm F∂v tNmZn -®m¬ AsX. kp∂Øv

t\msºt∂m \n¿_-‘-t\m-sºt∂m th¿Xn-cn-°msX

hne°v s]mXp-hm-°n-bn- mWv ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F¶n-

epw sh≈n-bmgvN A√mØ as‰mcp Znh-khpw \n¿_-

‘-t\mºv t\m‰v ho´m≥ Ign-bn-√ F∂v Dd-∏p≈ kml-

N-cy-Øn¬ sh≈n-bmgvN amX-ambn t\mºv FSp-°m-hp-

∂-Xm-Wv.

tNmZyw51: t\mºv apdn -bp∂ GsX-¶nepw Imcy -Øn¬

G¿s∏ vsIm≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ ]`m-tXm-Z-b-ap--≠m-bm¬

F¥v sNøWw?

adp-]Sn: ]`m-tXm-Zb t\cØv hmbn¬ `£-W-ap-s≠-¶n¬ AXv

D≈n-te°v Cd-°p-∂tXm Ign-®vsIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ ]mX-

Øn¬ _m°n h∂Xv Xn∂p-∂tXm hntcm-[-ap-≈-X-√.

dkq-ep-√mln (k) ]d™p: \nßƒ ]`mX _m¶v

tIƒ°p-tºmƒ ssIbn-ep-≈ `£W ]mXw sht°-

≠-Xn-√, AXn¬ \n∂v Bh-iy-ap-≈Xv Xn∂p-∂Xv hsc

(A-_q-Zm-hqZv 2350). ssewKn-I-th-gvN-bn-te¿∏-´-h≥

\nanjw t]mepw ImØv \n¬°msX Hgn-hm-I-Ww. Cs√-

¶n¬ t\mºv apdn-bp-Ibpw sX≠w sImSp-°¬ \n¿_-

‘-am-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv.-

tNmZyw52: da-fm≥ amk-∏n-dhn ÿnc-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v apºv Hcmƒ

Ddßn ]pe¿∂-t∏mƒ t\mºm-sW∂v Dd-∏m-bn. ]t£

t\mºns‚ \nøØv(I-cp-X¬) cmXn D≠m-bn- p-an-√.

Cu Ah-ÿ-bn¬ Ah≥ F¥v sNøWw? B Znh-

k-tØXv ]n∂oSv t\m‰v hot --≠-Xpt≠m?

4 1

adp-]Sn: da-fm≥ amk-∏n-dhn Dd-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v apºv Dd-ßp-Ibpw

t\mºns‚ \nøØv Dd-∏n-°msX t\cw ]pe¿∂-t∏mƒ

t\mºm-sW∂v t_m[y-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ Abmƒ

A∂v t\mºvIm-c-\m-tI-≠-Xm-Wv. AtXm-sSm∏w `qcn-

]£w ]finX∑mcpw ]d-bp-∂Xv ]Icw as‰mcp t\mºv

A\p-jvSn-°p-Ibpw sNø-W-sa-∂m-Wv.(A¬ aZm-ln-_n

˛ 1/554) \nøØv Adn-hns\ ]n¥p-S-cp∂ H∂m-Wv. Ch-

\m-Is´ t\mºm-bn- p-s≠∂v Adn-™n- n-√. Adn-™-Xpap-

X¬ Xs∂ Ah≥ \nøØv sNbvXn- p-ap-≠v. At∏mƒ

Ah≥ ]Xn-_‘w D≈-h-\m-Wv. Adn™ \nanjw Xs∂

t\mºv ]nSn-®n- p-ap≠v F∂-Xn-\m¬ B t\mºv Xs∂

AwKo-Ir-X-am-Wv. ]Icw Hcp t\mºns‚ Bhiyw hcp-

∂n√ F∂v ]d-™-hcpw D≠v. `qcn-]£w ]d-bp-∂Xv,

Adn™\nanjw t\mºv ]nSn-°epw ]Icw Hcp t\mºv

t\m¬°epw \n¿_-‘-am-sW∂mWv. ImcWw \nø-Øn-

√msX t\mºns‚ GXm\pw mKw Ah\v \jvSs∏´n´p≠v

F∂Xm-Wv.

tNmZyw53: hnam\Ømh-f-Øn-em-b-t∏mƒ kqcy≥ AkvX-an®p,

_m¶v sImSp-Øp. t\mºv Xpd-∂p. hnam\w s]mßn-b-

t∏mƒ kqcys\ ImWp-∂p. Abmƒ t\mºp-Im-c\mbn

ho≠pw amtd-≠-Xpt≠m?

adp-]Sn: Abmƒ t\mºp-Im-c-\mbn ho≠pw amtd≠Xn-√. t\mºv

Xpd-∂-t∏mƒ Abmƒ `qan-bn-em-bn-cp-∂-t√m. `qan-bn¬

\n∂-t∏mƒ kqcy≥ AkvX-an-®n- p-ap-≠-t√m. \_n(-k)-

]-d™p: ChnsS cmXnbmhp-Ibpw ChnsS ]I¬

t]mbnad-bp -Ibpw kqcy≥ AkvX-an -°p-Ibpw

sNbvXm¬ t\mºvImc\v t\mºv Xpd-°mw(-_p. 1941). hnam-

\-Øm-h-f-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ kqcy≥ AkvX-an-®m¬

Ahs‚ ]I¬ Ah-km-\n-®p. C\n ]ns‰ Znhkw amXta

Ah≥ t\mº-\p-jvSn-t°-≠-Xp-≈q.

4 2

tNmZyw54: da-fm≥t\mºv ISw Ds≈m-cmƒ ASpØ da-fm≥ hsc

ISw ho´n-bn-√. F¥v sNøWw?

adp-]Sn: A√mlp(X) ]d™p: BIbm¬ \nß-fn¬ Bcv B

amk-Øn¬ lmP-dp-≠mtbm Ah≥ AXn¬ t\mºv t\m‰v

sIm≈-s´. Bsc-¶nepw tcmKntbm bmX-bntem Bbn-

cp-∂m¬ a‰p-Zn-h-k-ß-fn¬ \n∂v FÆw ]q¿Øn-bm-°-

Ww. AwKn-I--cn-°-s∏-´-Im-c-W-Øm¬ t\mºv apdn®

GsXm-cmfpw B t\mºv t\m‰v ho´-Ww. AsX h¿j-

Øn¬ Xs∂ Bbn-cn-°Ww AXv. ASpØ da-fm-\n∂v

tijw ho´m-sa∂v sh°p-∂Xv ]mSn-√. Bbni(-d)-]-d-

bp-I-bp-≠mbn. F\n°v da-fm≥ t\mºv ISw hcm-dp-≠v.

AXv ho´m≥ F\n°v iA-_m-\n¬ amXta kuI-cy-

s∏-Sm-dp-≈p. (_p-Jm-cn. 1950)

iA-_m-\n-e-√msX F\n-°Xv ho´m≥ km[n-®n-cp-∂n-s√∂v

Bbn-i(-d) ]d-™Xv c≠m-asØ da-fm≥ hcp-∂-Xns‚

apºv Xs∂ AXv ho´¬ A\n-hm-cy-amWv F∂v ]Tn-∏n-

°p-∂p. F¶nepw c≠m-asØ da-fm-\n∂v tijta

ho´m≥ Ign-™p≈q F¶n¬ A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv ]›m-

Ø-]n-°¬ A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. Cßns\ h∂vt]mb-Xn¬

Atß-b‰w tJZw ]I-Sn -∏n-®p-sIm≠v \jvS-s∏´

AXbpw t\mºv hot -≠-Xm-Wv. as‰m∂pw sNtø-≠-

Xn-√. F∂m¬ sX≠w sImSp-°-W-sa∂v amen-Iv, im^n,

Al-Ω-Zv(-d) F∂n-h¿ A`n-]m-b-s∏- n- p-≠v. (A¬ aZm-

ln_n 1/578)

tNmZyw55: ]`m-tXm-Z-b-Øns‚ 10, 15 an\p´v apºvXs∂

`£W]m\o-b-ß-fp-t]-£n-°p-I F∂v ]d™v da-

fm≥ amk-Øn¬ Nne¿ ]tXyI \n¿t±-i-ßƒ

\¬Ip-∂-Xmbn ImWp-∂p. CXv \_nNcy-bpsS

]n≥_-e-Øn-emtWm? AX√ \qX\ kº-Zm-btam?

4 3

adp-]Sn: CXv \_n-N-cy-bpsS ]n≥_-e-an-√m-Ø-Xm-Wv. F∂v amX-

a-√, CXn-t\mSv \_n-Ncy FXn-cp-am-Wv. ImcWw A√m-

lp(-X)]d™p: \nßƒ Xn∂p-Ibpw IpSn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXvsIm-≈p-hn≥. Idp∏v \qen¬ \n∂v ]`m-X-am-Ip∂

sh≈-\q¬ \nßƒ°v hy‡-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xv

htc°pw(2˛187). dkq-ep-√m-ln(-k) ]d™p: _nem¬

cmXn-bn¬ _m¶v hnfn°pw At∏mƒ \nßƒ Xn∂pI,Ip-

Sn-°pI DΩp-aIvØp-ans‚ _m¶v tIƒ°pwhsc°pw,

At±lw _m¶v sImSp-°p-∂Xv ]`mXw DZn-s®-¶n-

emWv(_p. 1918 - -ap 1092)-tNm-Zy-Øn¬ kqNn-∏n® ""]tXyI

\n¿t±-ißƒ"" A√m-lp-hns‚ I¬]-\-bn-te°v as‰m∂v

Iq´n-t®¿°-em-Wv. AXvsIm≠v AXn\v \ne-\n¬]n-√.

AXv aX-Øn¬ Aan-Xm-thiw sIm≈-em-Wv. \_n(-k)-

A-Ø-c-°msc kw_-‘n®v ]d-™Xv Ah¿ \in®v

t]mIs´ F∂m-Wv. CXv \_n( -k) -aq∂v XhW

Bh¿Øn®v ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn (ap…nw 2670) F∂Xpw

Kuc-h-a¿ln-°p-∂p.

tNmZyw56: t\mºv Xpd-°p-tºmƒ ]tXy-I-amb h√ ]m¿∞-\-

bp-apt≠m. t\mºv Xpd-°p-∂-h≥ _m¶vIm-cs\

]n≥Xp-S-c-W-tam. AX√ t\mºv Xpd-bn¬Xs∂ hym]r-

X-\m-hm-tam?

adp-]-Sn: t\mºv Xpd-°p-∂- kabw ]m¿∞-\-°p-Øcw e n-°m≥

G‰hpw A\p-tbm-Py-amb kµ¿ -am-Wv. t\mºv Xpd-°p∂

ka-b-am-Ip-tºm-tg°pw t\mºp-Im-c≥ imco-cn-I-ambn

hfsc Xf¿∂n-cn-°pw. a\v teme-am-bn-cn-°pw. hn\-b-

Øn\pw ]m]-tam-N-\-Øn\pw A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv G‰hpw

ASp-Øn-cn-°p∂ ka-b-am-W-Xv. Zmlw ian®p, \mUn-

R-c-ºp-Iƒ \\™p, A√mlp Dt±-in-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬

al-Ømb ]Xn-^ew Dd-∏m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. (A-_p-

Zm-hp-Zv 1/328) F∂ ]m¿∞-\ \S-Øp-∂Xv amXr-I-bp-

≈-Xm-Wv.

4 4

F∂m¬ t\mºv Xpd∂v sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂h\pw _m¶ns\

]n¥p-S-cWsa∂Xv I¬]-\-bm-Wv. \_n (k) ]d™p.

_m¶vImc-s\ tIƒ°p-tºmƒ Abmƒ ]d-bp-∂-

Xvt]mse \nßfpw ]d-™p-sIm-≈pI. (_p 611 - -ap 383)-

t\mºv Xpd-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-hs\ CXn¬ \n∂v Hgn-

hm-°n-b-Xmbn Fhn-sSbpw h∂n- n-√.

tNmZyw57: C∂v ]Nmcw e`n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ hn]p-eamb

t\mºvXpd, ka-b-ambnIgn-™m¬ t\mºv Xpd-°p-∂p.

]t£ aKvcn_v \a-kvImcw \jvS-s∏- vt]m-Ip-amdv B

Xpd \o≠v t]mIp-∂p. CXv sIm≠v G‰hpw _p≤n-ap-

´p-∂Xv kvXoI-fm-Wv. AYhm Ah¿°v aKvcn_v \a-

kvImcw \jvS-s∏-Sp-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. F¥v

sNøWw? t\mºv hnkvX-cn®v Xpd-°-tWm? AtXm

Xpd∂p F∂v hcp-Øm≥ amXw Fs¥-¶n-ep-sam∂v

Ign®v aKvcn_v \a-kvI-cn-°-tWm?

ad-]-Sn: CXv kw_-‘n®v h∂ Hcp kw`hw ]dbmw˛ A_p

AXznø \nth-Z-\w- -A-t±lw ]d™p. Rm\pw akvZqJpw

Bbn-i(-d)-bpsS ASp-°¬ sN∂p. Rßƒ tNmZn-®p.

kXy hnizm-kn-I-fpsS amXm-th ""\_n(-k)bpsS c≠v

kl-Im-cn-Iƒ˛A-h-cn-sem-cmƒ t\mºv Xpd-°p-∂-Xnepw

\a-kvI-cn-∂-Xnepw [rXn Iq´p-∂p. A]-c≥ t\mºv Xpd-

°p-∂Xpw \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂Xpw ]n¥n-∏n-°p-∂p. Bbn-

i(-d) At\z-jn-®p. BcmWv t\mºv Xpd-°m\pw \a-kvI-

cn-°m\pw [rXn-Iq-´p-∂Xv'' Rßƒ ]d™p. A_vZp-√m-

ln_v\pa-kv -Du-Zv. At∏mƒ Ah¿ ]Xn-h-Nn -®p.

Aßs\bmWv \_n(k) sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. A]-c≥ A_p-

aq-k-bm-bn-cp-∂p. (ap…n 1099).t\mºv Xpd∂p F∂v hcp-

Øm≥ amXw Fs¥-¶nepw Ign®v \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬

G¿s∏-S-em-bn-cn°pw F¥vsIm≠pw \∂m-hpI.

4 5

H∂m-a-Xmbn hnim-e-ambn Xpd-∂m-ep-≠m-Ip∂ £oWw.

c≠m-a-Xmbn aKvcn_v \a-kvImc ka-b-Øns‚ ]cn-anXn.

aq∂m-a-Xmbn kvXoIƒ°p-≠m-Ip∂ _p≤n-ap-´v. Ch

aq∂pw Hgn-hm-°m≥ AXm-Wp-Ø-aw. \a-kvIm-c-Øn\v

A\p-tbmPya√mØ ÿetØm ]cn-an-X-amb ÿetØm

BWv Xpd kwLSn-∏n-®-sX-¶n¬ ]e kwL-ß-fmbn \a-

kvI-cn-°mw. tNmZy-Øn¬ kqNn-∏n® hn]p-e-amb Xpd

hmkvX-h-Øn¬ t]m’m-ln-∏n-°-s∏-tS-≠-sXm-∂p-a-√.

]mh-s∏- -h¿°v `£Ww \¬Ip-∂Xpw Ahsc Xpd-∏n-

°p-∂Xpw \√Xv Xs∂.

tNmZyw58: da-fm-\-√mØ a‰v GsX-¶nepw t\mºv \n¿_-\v[-ap-

≈-Xpt≠m?

adp-]Sn: D≠v. Nne Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ß-fpsS ]mb-›n-Ø-am-bnt´m

A\pjvTm\ I¿Ω-ß-fnse hogv-N-Iƒ°v ]cn-lm-c-am-

bnt´m D≈ \n›nX FÆw t\mºp-Iƒ \n¿_-‘-ambn

A\p-jvSn-t°-≠-Xm-bn- p≠v. AXn¬ ˛

(1) ÿnc-s∏´ kp∂Øv t\mºp-I-fn¬ GsX-¶n-ep-sam∂v

A\p-jvSn-°p-sa∂v t\¿®--bm-°n-bm¬ AXv A\p-jvSn-

°¬ \n¿_-‘-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. BNm-cm-\p-jvSm\ _lp-

a-Xn-I-fn-se√mw da-fm≥ t\mºn-t\mSv Xpey-am-bn- mWv AXv

IW-°m-°-s∏-´n-cn°p-∂Xv.

(2) l÷pw Dwdbpw \n¿∆-ln-°p∂ Bƒ AXnse ][m-

\-I¿Ω-ßƒ Ah-km-\n® tijta Xe-apSn FSp-°m≥

]mSp-≈p. tcmKw \nan-Øtam at‰m ap≥Iq´n apSn Iftb-

≠n-h-∂m¬ ]Xn-hn-[n-bmbn _en-b-dp-°p-Itbm 3 Znhkw

t\mº-\p-jvSn-°-Itbm Bdv km[p-°ƒ°v Ac ""kzmAv''

hoXw `£Ww \¬Ip-Itbm sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv. (Jp¿-B≥

hnh-cWw) Aam\n auehn. BbØv: 2/196

(3) Xa-Øp-Cs‚ l÷v (Dwd sNbvXvsIm≠v l÷v hsc

kpJ-sa-Sp-°¬) sNøp-∂-h¿ B B\p-Iq-ey-ßƒ°v

4 6

]Icw Hcp _en, AXn\v km[n-°m-Ø-h¿ 10 t\mºv(aq-

s∂-Æw Zp¬l÷v 10 s‚ apºpw GsgÆw \m´n-se-Øn-

bn´pw) t\m¬t°-≠-Xm-Wv (-hn- -Jp.2/196)

(4) ap…ow-I-fp-ambn k‘n \ne-hn-ep-≈-h-cn¬s∏´ Hcmsf

Hcp a…ow sIm∂p-sh-¶n¬ sX≠w sImSp°p-Ibpw

ASn-asb tamNn-∏n-°-Ibpw sNø-Ww. AXn\v km[n-®n-

s√¶n¬ LmX-I≥ XpS¿®-bmbn c≠p-amkw t\mºv

]nSn-°¬ \n¿_-‘-am-Ip-∂p (-hn.-Jp.4:92).

(5) C∂ ]Imcw sNbvXvsIm≈mw As√-¶n¬ sNøp-I-

bn√ F∂v Hcmƒ kXyw sNbvXv ]d-™m¬ AXv \nd-

-th-‰¬ Abm-fpsS IS-a-bm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. AXv ewLn-

°p-∂-h¿ ]mb-›n-Ø-ambn ]Øv km[p-°ƒ°v

`£Ww sImSp-°p-I, As√-¶n¬ Ah¿°v hkvXw

\¬IpI, As√-¶n¬ Hc-Sn-asb tamNn-∏n-°pI. Ch-bn¬

H∂pw km[n-°msX h∂m¬ aq∂v Znhkw t\mºv

t\m¬°¬ \n¿_-‘-am-Ip-∂p. (hn.Jp-.5:89)

(6) `mcy-amsc amXm-°ƒ°v Xpey-cmbn ]Jym-]n-°p-

Ibpw ]n∂oSv Ah¿ ]d™ hm°n¬ \n∂v aSßp-

Ibpw sNøp-∂-h¿ B `mcy `¿Øm-°≥am¿ ]c-kv]cw

kv]¿in-°pw-apºv Hc-Sn-asb kzX-¥-\m-°n-h-ntS-≠-Xm-

Wv. ASn-asb In´n-bn-s√-¶n¬ c≠v amkw XpS¿®-bmbn

t\mºv t\m¬t°-≠-Xm-Wv. AXn∂pw km[y-a-mbns√-

¶n¬ Adp-]Xv AK-Xn-Iƒ°v Blmcw \¬tI-≠-Xm-

Wv (hn.Jp 58:3-˛4).

(7) l÷nt\m Dwdt°m th≠n Clvdm-an¬ ]th-in®v

Ign-™m¬ P¥p-°sf th´-bm-Sp-∂Xv ]mSn-√m-Ø-Xm-

Wv. th -bm-Sn-∏n-Sn-°p∂ ]£w B Pohn-tbmSv InS-]n-Sn-

°p-s∂mcp arKsØ _en-I-gn-∏n-°-Ww. A√mØ ]£w

AXns‚ she-°p-≈X `£-W-km-[\w km[p-°ƒ°v

sImSp-°-Ww. As√-¶n¬ B she°v FX km[p-hns‚

4 7

`£Ww hcptam AX FÆw t\mºv ]nSn-t°-≠-Xm-

Wv (-hn.-Jp.5:95).

(8) da-fm-\ns‚ ]I-en¬ t\mºp-Im-c-\m-bn-cns° a\-

]q¿∆w ssewKnI _‘-Øn-te¿s∏- m¬ Hcp hnizm---kn-

bmb ASn-asb tamNn-∏n-°p-I. AXn\p Ign-™n-s√-¶n¬

c≠v amkw XpS¿®-bmbn t\msº-Sp-°-Ww. AXn\pw

Ign-™n-s√-¶n¬ Adp-]Xv Zcn-Z¿°v Hcp ap±v hoXw

`£Ww \¬I-Ww (_p. 1936 ˛ ap 1111).

tNmZyw59: t\mºv ]nSn-°m≥ km[n-°m-Ø-h¿ ]mb-›n-Ø-ambn

\¬tI-≠-Xns‚ tXmXv FX?

adp-]Sn: t\m‰v ho´m≥ Ign-bn-s√∂v Dd-∏p-≈-h-cmWv \jvS-s∏´

t\mºn\v ]mb›nØw sImSp-t°-≠-Xv. hm¿[Iyw

sN∂-hcpw amdm-tcm-Kn-I-fp-am-bn-cn°pw CXns‚ ]cn-[n-

bn¬ hcp-∂-Xv ""AXn\v sRcpßn km[n-∏p-≠m-Ip-∂-h-

cp-sS-ta¬ (A-h¿ t\mºv t\m¬°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬)

sX≠w˛Hcp km[p-hns‚ £Ww(I-S-a)-D-≠m-bn-cn°pw''

(hn.-Jp.2˛184) -£-W-Øns‚ Afhv \n¿Æ-bsØ kw_-

‘n-°p∂ sXfnhpIsfm∂pw Cs√-¶n¬ Xs∂bpw Hcp

ap±v 500 Kmw [m\y-amWv Hmtcm t\mºn-\pw sImS-t°≠

]mb-›n-Ø-Øns‚ tXmXv. (C…mw hmfyw 2/775) ]mh-

s∏-´-h\v Blmcw sImSpØv X\n°v th≠n t\mºv

]nSn-∏n-°p-∂Xv A]q¿∆-ambn I≠v hcp-∂p-≠v. AXv

sX‰m-Wv.

tNmZyw60: CAvXnIm^v F∂m-se-¥mWv? AXns‚ hn[n hni-

Zo-I-cn-°p-I. am\p-jnI Bh-iy-ßƒ°v th≠nbpw

NnIn-’°v th≠n-bp-sa√mw CAvXnIm- n-cn-°p-∂-

h\v ]pdØv t]mImtam? F¥√m-amWv AXns‚ acym-

Z-Iƒ \_n(k)bpsS CAvXnIm v kz`mhw Fßn-

s\-bm-bn-cp∂p?

4 8

adp-]-Sn: CAvXnIms^∂m¬ A√m-lp-hn¬ \n∂v ]Xn^ew

Imw£n®psIm≠v ]≈n-bn¬ NS-™n-cn-°p-I. da-fm-\nse

Hcp ]tXyI cmhmb ssee-Øp¬J-Zvdns\ ]Xo-£n-

®vsIm-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ AXv Bbncw amkw aSßv ]pWy-

ap≈ I¿ΩamWv. A√mlp (X) ]d™p. \nßƒ ]≈n-

I-fn¬ `P-\-an-cn-°p-∂-h-cm-hp-tºmgpw Ah-cp-ambn (`m-

cy-am-cp-am-bn)- kv]¿i\w \S-Ø-cp-Xv. (-2˛187). \-_n(-k)bpw

Ahn-SpsØ A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw ]≈n-bn¬ `P-\-an-cp-∂-

Xmbn _pJm-cn-bnepw apkven-anepw h∂n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv.

Bbn-i(-d)-]-d-bp-∂p. \_n(-k)-a-cWw hsc da-fm≥ Ah-

km-\-]-Øn¬ `P-\-an-cp-∂n- p-≠v. tijw \_n(-k)-bpsS

`cy-amcpw P-\-an-cp-∂n-´p≠v.(_p- 2026˛-ap.1172).

A_p-k-Cu-Zn¬ JpZvcnøv dnt∏m¿´v sNøp-∂p. \_n(-

k) da-fm-\nse BZy-]-Øn¬ `P-\-an-cp-∂p. ]ns∂ \Sp-

hnse ]Ønepw. ]n∂oSv \_n(-k) ]d-™p. B cmXnsb

]Xo-£n-®psIm≠v BZy-]-Øn¬ Rm≥ `P-\-an-cp-∂p.

]ns∂ \Sp-hn-esØ ]Øn-epw. ]ns∂ Rm≥ sN∂-t∏mƒ

]d-b-s∏-´p. -AXv Ah-km-\-]-Øn-em-hp∂p F∂v.

AXvsIm≠v Bcv `P-\-an-cn-°m≥ Xm¬]-cyw-Im-Wn-°p-

∂pthm Ah≥ `P-\-an-cp-∂vsIm-≈-s´.(_pJmcn 2027)-

A-l-a-Zv(-d)-]-d-bp-∂p: CAvXnIm v ]pÆy-I¿Ω-am-sW∂

hnj-b-Øn¬ A`n-]m-b-hy-Xymkw D≈ Bscbpw F\n-

°-dn-™p-Iq-Sm (kp_vep-emw 2- 256).

GXv \m n-ep-ap≈ kwL-SnX \a-kvImcw \S-°p∂ ]≈n-

Iƒ CAvXnIm^n\v A\p-tbm-Py-am-Wv. Ppap-A°v th≠n

]pdØv t]mth≠n hcnIbns√∂ KpWw D≈-Xn-\m¬

PpapA \S-°p∂ ]≈n-I-fm-bn-cn°pw IqSp-X¬ \∂m-

hpI. AX-s√-¶n¬ PpapA°v th≠n ]pdØv t]mIm-

hp-∂-Xp-am-Wv. t\mºn-√m-sXbpw c≠v s]cp-∂mƒ Zn\-

ß-fnepw Aøm-ap-ØivcoJv (-Zp¬l÷v 11.12.13)Zn\-ß-fp-

apƒs∏sS GXv ImeØpw ]pcp-j≥am¿s°∂ t]mse

4 9

kvXoIƒ°pw AXv ]pWy-I-c-am-Wv.

CAvXn-Im- n-em-b-h¿ \a-kvIm-cw,- Jp¿B≥ ]mcm-bWw

A√m-lp-hn-ep≈ kvacW F∂nh sIm≠v hym]r-X-\m-

h-Ww. Iq´pIm-cp-ambn D]-Im-c-]-Z-amb Ipd™

kwkmcw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-sW-∂-t]mse sImSp-°epw

hmßepw hnhmlw sNøepw sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-°epw

A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv (A¬ DΩv 61). ssewKn-I-thgvN a‰v

ssewKn-I-Io-U-Iƒ H∂pw ]mSn-√m-Ø-Xm-Wv. CAvØnIm-

- n-em-b-h¿ ]≈n-bn¬ \n∂v ]pdØv t]mhp-∂Xns‚

hn[nsb kw_-‘n®v N¿® sNbvX-t∏mƒ A\p-h-Z-

\obw, ]pWyw, CAvXnIm-^n∂v hncp≤w F∂n-ßs\

I¿Ω-im-kvX-]-WvUn-X≥am¿ AXns\ aq∂m-bn Xcw -

Xn-cn-®Xv ImWmw.

1. A\p-h-Z-\o-bw. AXym-h-iy-Im-cWw, am-\p-jn--I-amb Bh-

iy-ßƒ,Pap A \a-kvIm-cw, `£n-°¬, AwK-ip≤n

hcpØ¬, \n¿_-‘-Ip-fn, ae-aq-X-hn-k¿÷\w F∂n-h-

sb√mw CXn\v DZm-l-c-W-ambn Ah¿ Nq≠n-°m- p-∂p.

2. ]pWyw. tcmKnsb kµ¿in-°pI, acWhoSv kµ¿in-

°p-I F∂nh CXn-∂p-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv. ]t£ CXv

CAvXnIm-^ns‚ XpS-°-Øn¬ \n_-‘-\-sh-s®-¶nte

]‰q F∂v Ah¿ ]d-™n- p≠v.

3. CAv-Xn-Im- n\v hncp-≤w. ho´n¬ t]mhp-I, ssewKn-I-

_-‘-Øn-te¿s∏-SpI t]mep≈Xv CXn-∂p-Zm-l-c-W-ambn

ImWn-°p-∂p. Ch \n_-‘-\-sh-®mepw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-

s√-∂mWv AhcpsS ]£w.

v

നോമ്പ് - ചോദ്യങ്ങള്, ഉത്തരങ്ങള് · 7 °mtam?...

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