‘anne hathaway’ and ‘havisham’ are both monologues · web viewbiblical allusion in the...

Paper 2 – poetry

Compare how ideas about power are presented in Exposure and Storm On The Island.

Assessment Objectives for Lit set by AQA (the exam board). These are what they judge you on:1. Interpret the meaning/ideas of the poem, show you what it is about; use quotations

to back up these ideas; and always make sure your answer fits the steer.2. Analyse the writers’ methods, explaining the connotations of specific

words/phrases. Explain how the poem is structured and how this and the form adds to the meaning/enjoyment.

3. Explain the differences and similarities between the situation/context.

FLITS Storm On The Island ExposureSubjectStructure

5 mins

both about the destructive power of the weather Storm is violent weather BUT Exposure calm and silent both told in first person plural Storm is one stanza but makes use of a volta; Exposure is 8 rigid stanzas and uses para rhyme and

repetitionForm

5 mins

An inhabitant of the island, speaking to an implied listener

No rhyme – this reflects the chaos of the storm

eight equal stanzas – very regular, very ordered – reflects the calmness of the silent killer

para rhyme gives a ghostly quality

Language &Imagery

20 mins

language is conversational semantic field of warfare imagery - simile of tame cat oxymoron about the sea powerful verbs whole thing a metaphor?

personification consonance / sibilance powerful verbs, adverbs and adjectives repetition metaphor simile

Tone

5 mins

Opens with a reflective, thoughtful tone Melancholic tone throughout reflects the futility of the situation; maybe at line 16 the tone changes but immediately returns

Summing up

Explain in what way these poems are similar but also in what way they are different

1

Paper 2 – poetry

‘On My First Sonne’ and ‘Mother, any distance’ are both monologues. Explore HOW the poets uses language effectively to convey ideas about love and loss.

Assessment Objectives for Lit set by AQA (the exam board). These are what they judge you on:1. explain what the poet is really saying, what issues/themes are being conveyed; use quotes to back

up these issues/themes; and always make sure your answer fits the question.2. analyse the poem (or part of it) by explaining the connotations of specific words/phrases. Explain

how the poem is structured and how this and the form adds to the meaning/enjoyment.3. explain what the poet is saying about people/women. Also comment on any evident beliefs and views

of the writer or persona.

FLITS On My First Sonne Mother, any distanceSubject

5 mins

both poems are monologues First Sonne - told in the voice of the poet – Jonson on losing his young son Mother, any distance… - told from the point of view of a son on leaving home

Form

5 mins

although a monologue (one person speaking) is also a sonnet form (even though it is 12 lines); cutting short at 12 lines complements the cutting short of the son’s life

explain why this is appropriate structured in a series of rhyming couplets

a play on the sonnet form – but structured into three unequal stanzas – appropriate for echoing a train of thought

sonnet appropriate – why?

Language &Imagery

20 mins

Bring in TONE as you go

Language reveals: feelings of filial love (fatherly love in this

case) – tender and melancholy tone historical context – four hundred years ago

religious ideology taken more seriously – God did ‘take’ and punish; heaven was a better place

feelings of guilt – had he not loved too much, God might not have punished him by ‘taking’ the son – tone of guilt

idea of fate – we all have our set time on earth until ‘judgement day’ arrives – a reflective tone

feelings of sadness & confusion - if heaven is better than earth, why does the father feel so sad? – tone quite reflective

feelings and tone of resignation – he won’t love so deeply again – why?

Language reveals: narrator’s reflections about filial bond (mother son

in this case) – tone is reflective as narrator reflects on relationship with mother

Immediate address ‘Mother’ – explain Hyperbolic metaphor – ‘acres’, ‘prairies’ – what

does this suggest? Symbolism – what does the tape measure signify? Metaphor – ‘Anchor. Kite.’ Explain meaning Polysemous language – ‘breaking point’ – explain

alternative meaning Polysemous language – ‘last one hundredth of an

inch’ – explain alternative meaning Polysemous language – ‘to fall or fly’ – explain

alternative meaning.

Summing up


2

Paper 2 – poetry

‘The Laboratory’ and ‘My Last Duchess’ are both monologues with disturbed narrators. Explore HOW Browning uses language effectively to convey the theme of revenge.

FLITS The Laboratory My Last DuchessSubject

7 mins

both dramatic monologues – Browning famous for them The Laboratory - told in the persona of a woman scorned who watches the apothecary mix the poison she has

commissioned. Set before the French Revolution – a time when there were lost of scheming, machinations, the court was

where favours were won and fortunes could be made through the right connections Feelings of jealousy and revenge My Last Duchess - told in the persona of a too proud duke about his ‘last duchess’ to the envoy arranging the

marriage of his next duchess Set during Renaissance – when art highly valued Feelings of bitterness about last duchess’s behaviour

Form

5 mins

Twelve 4-line stanza Each stanza adopts an AA, BB rhyming scheme, the series

of rhyming couplets complements the idea of being in a couple

Anapaestic rhythm is appropriate, it is jaunty – in what way does it complement the subject matter?

Stresses fall on key words – find them and explain

Continuous monologue Rhyming couplets complements the idea of a

couple

Language &Imagery

25 mins

Bring in Tone as you go

Find quotes for and explain HOW Language reveals SOME of the following: Feelings and tone of gleeful anticipation Feelings of revenge for the lost ‘love’ and therefore her

lost chance of winning favours at court Feelings of eagerness revealed through excited tone at the

poison being made Feelings of surprise and delight at the beauty of the poison

– tone of surprise Further feelings of surprise at the small amount that it

takes to poison someone Feelings of satisfaction at the thought of her victims dying

at the hands of her poisoning – tone of smug satisfaction Feelings of bitterness revealed through bitter tone because

of what her love rival has taken from her Feelings of appreciation for the apothecary having made

the poison for her

Find quotes for and explain HOW language reveals the duke’s: feelings and tone of of pride in the art he has

collected control of the situation feelings and tone of displeasure as he

imagines how his ‘last duchess might have reacted to Fra Pandolf painting her

feelings and tone of growing anger at the way he feels she had no respect for him and his status

feelings and tone of pride as he tells the envoy he would never stoop

casual way he ordered her execution apparent ignorance of his own cruelty avarice/greed – the way he values art (yet

seems to not value people’s lives

Summing up BRIEFLY explain in what way these poems are similar but also in what way they are different

3

Paper 2 – poetry

‘The Hitcher’ and ‘Education for Leisure’ are both monologues with disturbed narrators. Explore HOW each poet uses language effectively to convey the theme of cruelty and revenge.

FLITS The Hitcher Education for LeisureSubject

5 mins

both monologues The Hitcher - told in the persona of a driver who picks up a hitch-hiker; he is angry at his

monotonous working life and is stressed Education for Leisure - told in the persona of disaffected waster who is angry and feels that no-one

appreciates himForm

5 mins

Education - Five 5-line stanzas, with enjambment linking the stanzas – conveys a continuous train of thought

Hitcher - Five 4-line stanzas. Although no enjambment between stanzas, there is within stanzas – again conveys train of though

Para-rhyme – drawing attention to key words

Language &Imagery

20 – 25 mins

If you want, bring in tone as you go

Find quotes and explain HOW Language reveals: Explain HOW the colloquial vocabulary is

appropriate as it conveys about the driver’s attitude to the hitcher

Feelings of discontentment with his job, conveyed through tone of despair

His frustration with the hitcher’s lifestyle – tone becoming angry

The envy that the driver feels at the contrast between his hard but boring life and the hitcher’s enjoyment of and relaxed attitude to life (Dylan reference)

The driver’s eventual submission to his feelings – surprisingly tone quite casual, almost indifferent: ‘let him have it’ – seems not to think it’s wrong

Ends with a feeling and tone of smugness 0 driver has a cocky attitude conveyed through boastful tone

Find quotes and explain HOW the language reveals: The narrator’s delusion – religious reference –

tone of arrogance and determination The narrator’s increasing cruelty – fly; goldfish;

budgie; cat (noting left to kill); person… The narrator’s intellectual deficiency –

Shakespeare in another language - Reference to King Lear – ‘as flies are to wanton

boys…we are to the Gods’ – the intended irony as he doesn’t realise the connection

The narrator’s disturbed mind – ‘it is good’, allusion to Genesis and links to other biblical reference – boastful tone

Chilling suggestion at the end – use of second person pronoun to address reader directly – intended effect on reader – sinister, chilling tone

Summing up Explain in what way these poems are similar but also in what way they are different

4

Paper 2 – poetry

‘Havisham’ and ‘Education for Leisure’ are both monologues with disturbed narrators. Explore HOW each poet uses language effectively to convey the theme of cruelty and revenge.

FLITS Havisham Education for LeisureSubject

5 mins

both monologues Havisham - told in the persona of a fictional woman – Miss Havisham from Dickens’ ‘Great Expectations’ Remembers the fiancé who jilted her at the altar and has mixed feelings – love & hate; desire and

repulsion – leads to fantasising about revenge in a cruel way Education for Leisure - told in the persona of disaffected waster who is angry and feels that no-one

appreciates himForm

5 mins

Four equal stanzas – very regular, very ordered, but no rhyme – why? Does the persona of Havisham seem like a poetic kind of person?

Why is the sonnet form NOT appropriate?

Five 4-line stanzas. Although no enjambment between stanzas, there is within stanzas – again conveys train of though

Language &Imagery

20 – 25 mins

Find quotes and explain HOW language reveals Havisham’s bitterness; thoughts of revenge; and cruelty: Oxymoron (opening line). What does it tell the

reader about Havisham’s feelings? What tone of voice is conveyed here? How (look at sentence types)?

Metaphors – what they suggest about her feelings

Questions – what do these suggest about state of mind?

Fragmented words – why? Effect?

Find quotes and explain HOW the language reveals: The narrator’s delusion – religious reference. What

tone of voice is conveyed here? The narrator’s increasing cruelty – fly; goldfish;


Shakespeare in another language. What tone of voice is conveyed here?

Reference to King Lear – ‘as flies are to wanton boys…we are to the Gods’ – the intended irony as he doesn’t realise the connection, due to his ‘education for leisure’

The narrator’s disturbed mind – ‘it is good’, allusion to Genesis and links to other biblical reference

When the narrator accuses the DJ of not appreciating him, what tone of voice will this be?

Chilling suggestion at the end – use of second person pronoun to address reader directly – intended effect on reader

TIP: Tone is variously one of determination, frustration and arrogance

Summing up Explain in what way these poems are similar but also in what way they are different

5

Paper 2 – poetry

Explore HOW language is used effectively in ‘My father thought it…’ and ‘The Song of the Old Mother’ to convey feelings about the generation gap.

FLITS My father thought it… The Song of the Old MotherSubject

5 mins

both monologues both about youth/adult relationships one is more personal, told from the point of view of a son about his father’s attitude to the son’s ear

piercing other is less personal, told in the persona of an ‘old mother’, who reflects generally on changing

attitudes of youth to workForm

5 mins

My Father… three, unequal stanzas; does rhyme but no specific pattern – rhymes draw attention to key words

fifteen lines, a play on the sonnet form first stanza recalls the past - father’s reaction to the piercing second stanza recalls the past - having it done third stanza reflects on the present and recalls Dad’s advice – conveys growing up, maturing and

changing attitudes Old Mother - One stanza, structured as a series of rhyming couplets The first two couplets (4 lines) concern the mother’s life of hard work Next two couplets (next 4 lines) concern the young who are lazy by comparison Last two lines sum up the future A sing-song rhythm, with stresses falling on key words – which? The use of anapaests create this rhythm

Language &Imagery

25 mins

Bring in Tone as you go

Find quotes and explain HOW Armitage’s language reveals attitudes: Whole tone is reflective as he reminisces Armitage’s language very colloquial – why? Explain

effect Narrator uses his father’s exact words when he

describes his father’s attitude to the piercing – explain connotations

Armitage uses a idiomatic cliché at line 3 – explain what the narrator’s father is annoyed at here; then explain the father’s sarcasm

Find a verb that suggests the narrator found the piercing difficult – explain what this suggests about the narrator

We are told the wound ‘wept’ – what does this suggest about the narrator?

HOW, in the last stanza, does Armitage show that the narrator has changed? Now explain in WHAT WAY he has changed

Find quotes and explain HOW the language reveals the narrator’s attitude to the young: Explain WHERE the stresses fall (verbs), and

what this tells us about the old mother’s life – tone is reflective and proud of her own hard work

What might indicate that she did not mind or complain about the hard work? Think ‘form’

In contrast, what is her attitude to the young? – tone still reflective but now disappointed at the attitude of the young

What do the young value? The penultimate line states that the mother

has to work because she is old. What does the last line imply? HOW is metaphor used here?

Summing up


6

Paper 2 – poetry

Explore HOW Simon Armitage uses language effectively in ‘Kid’ and ‘November’ to convey attitudes/feelings about relationships - changes and growing older.

FLITS Kid NovemberSubject

3 mins

both poems explore changes in some way ‘Kid’ - the changing relationship of Batman and Robin; Robin’s reflections and changing attitude to their

relationship ‘November’ – Relative’s reflections on the effect that aging has on ‘grandma’

Form

Type of poemRhyme and rhythm

5 mins

Continuous monologue in the persona of the fictional character of Robin

series of rhyming couplets in a predominant trochaic pentameter –a couple

each couplet ends with the ‘er’ sound - echoes the theme tune of the original ‘Batman and Robin’ TV series (der-der, der-der, der-der, der-der…Batman!)

Six stanzas: five equal 3-line stanzas; one rhyming couplet to conclude - ordered – reflects routine of life

final couplet – one line less, reflects diminishing life – growing older

No fixed rhyming pattern – reflects speech, train of thought

Language &Imagery

Link to rhythmandTONE as you go

25 mins

Find quotes and explain HOW Armitage’s language reveals: Robin’s direct address to Batman (quote); tone at this

point is assertive and critical – conveys Robin’s frustration.

The rhythm at this point is trochaic pentameter with the stresses falling on key words

colloquial language (quote) creates and conveys a spoken quality

Robin’s feelings of revenge as he reveals what Batman was really like – tone shifts to one of smugness

Sensational, headline-style vocabulary (quote) that mimics the dialogue of the characters – tone is sarcastic

Robin’s change of attitude, he won’t play second fiddle to Batman any longer - tone is assertive

Robin’s changing attitude now he’s getting older (How does Armitage show this?

Robin’s pleasure as he imagines Batman now the partnership has dissolved – tone is one of satisfaction and sweet revenge

Find quotes and explain HOW Armitage’s language reveals: a direct address to John (quote) - use of second

person pronoun and the vocative creates an intimate tone

Feelings of weariness, acceptance (quote) in a tone of resignation

use of short, simple sentences (quote) reinforce the resigned attitude

similarity to ‘Kid’ in the use of colloquial language – ‘grandma’; ‘you’re shattered’. Reinforces the spoken register

references to growing old ‘twilight zone’ – works literally (time of day) and metaphorically (fading light = fading life)

‘the evening falling’ and the metaphor ‘terror of the dusk’ – further references to growing old

rhyming couplet – ambiguous: could mean they are fed up of living; or could mean they are fed up of looking after grandma. Tone of resignation/acceptance.

Summing up5 mins BRIEFLY explain in what way these poems are similar but also in what way they are different

7

Paper 2 – poetry

Discuss HOW the poets use language effectively in ‘Homecoming’ and ‘Before You Were Mine’ to explore memories about parent/child relationships.

Assessment Objectives for Lit set by AQA (the exam board). These are what the examiners grade you on:

FLITS Before You Were Mine HomecomingSubject

3 mins

both poems about thinking back, reminiscing BYWM – autobiographical, Duffy reminisces about what her mother was like BEFORE she had her Homecoming - an adult narrator speaking about a particular and pivotal incident of their partner’s childhood

Form - type of poem - Rhyme and rhythm

& Structure

5 mins

Monologue in four, 5-line stanzas; enjambment within stanzas (quote) serves to reinforce key words at the ends or beginning of lines

Monologue in four unequal stanzas stanza divisions work to structure the narrative (functioning rather

like paragraphs) with each one marking a different section of the narrative/incident

First stanza – in the present/here and now as narrator address the owner of the yellow jacket

Second stanza – shifts to the past/when the incident occurred Third stanza – later that night when the owner of the jacket

sneaked out Final stanza – back to present/here and now No fixed rhyming pattern

Language &Imagery

Link toTONE as you go

25 mins

Find quotes and explain HOW Duffy’s language reveals: Her mother’s free spirit and

adventurous side before she had a baby to care for

In a quite assertive and positive tone, her mother’s glamorous side – tone conveyed through single word sentence.

Imagery – again the glamour of the ballroom, consider connotations of adjective ‘fizzy’

Possessive filial bond – use of questions and colloquialism – effect?

Pride and tone of pride felt by the daughter/narrator evident in last sentence – effective verbs

Find quotes and explain HOW Armitage’s language reveals the following: An informal reflective tone spoken, colloquial register – created and conveyed by use of idioms

(listed below) – quite appropriate for this spoken, reflective monologue – idioms are language of everyday

puts two and two together makes a proper fist of it points the finger temper, temper questions in the house seeing red blue murder bed tension between the parent and child - specific words/phrases

chosen to evoke particular connotations – ‘uncoupled’; ‘father figure’

love, care and concern of the narrator for the owner of the jacket – use of metaphor in final stanza – closes with comforting tone


Both ‘Salome’ and ‘The Laboratory’ are monologues. Explore HOW the poets use language effectively to convey the themes of selfishness, revenge and cruelty in disturbed narrators.

FLITS Salome The LaboratorySubject

3 mins

both poems are in the form of monologues and are told by disturbed narrators who want revenge and kill to get it Salome is the Biblical character (who demanded the head of John the Baptist on a plate) brought into modern day

- Duffy’s persona is just as cruel as original Biblical one

8

Paper 2 – poetry

The Laboratory - told in the persona of a woman scorned who watches the apothecary mix the poison she has commissioned.

Set before the French Revolution – a time when there were lost of scheming, machinations, the court was where favours were won and fortunes could be made through the right connections

Feelings of jealousy and revenge

Form

Type of poemRhyme and rhythm

5 mins

monologue written in free-verse – appropriate as it conveys train of though

Twelve 4-line stanza Each stanza adopts an AA, BB rhyming scheme, the

series of rhyming couplets complements the idea of being in a couple

Anapaestic rhythm is appropriate, it is jaunty – in what way does it complement the subject matter?

Stresses fall on key words – find them and explain

Language &Imagery

Link to TONE as you go

25 mins

Find quotes and explain HOW Duffy’s language reveals: First of all mention the colloquial language – creates

and conveys a spoken voice – train of thought, links to monologue form

Salome’s matter-of-fact attitude to killing – casual tone of voice

Her hung-over state and what the reader can infer about her attitude to sex and men

A repulsive foreshadowing – hair, beard, mouth – sarcastic tone

Biblical allusion in the names of her pick-ups– links to the original Biblical character

Para-rhymes - draw attention to key words Salome’s attitude to last night’s conquest – in what

way is the simile effective? Tone boastful of her own actions and condescending about him

Salome’s actions – verb ‘flung’ quite powerful and reflects her sickening power.

Salome’s sinister, boastful tone of voice Playing with words – the metonymical head at line

4 now becomes literally just a head at the end and the words ‘platter’ links directly now to John The Baptist. Tone of voice here is chillingly/sickeningly arrogant as if she’s proud of achieving something

Find quotes and explain HOW Browning’s language reveals: Feelings and tone of gleeful anticipation Feelings of revenge for the lost ‘love’ and therefore her

lost chance of winning favours at court Feelings of eagerness revealed through excited tone at

the poison being made Feelings of surprise and delight at the beauty of the

poison – tone of surprise Further feelings of surprise at the small amount that it

takes to poison someone Feelings of satisfaction at the thought of her victims

dying at the hands of her poisoning – tone of smug satisfaction

Feelings of bitterness revealed through bitter tone because of what her love rival has taken from her

Feelings of appreciation for the apothecary having made the poison for her


9

Paper 2 – poetry

Both ‘Stealing’ and ‘Education for Leisure’ are monologues. Explore HOW the poets use language effectively to convey the themes of selfishness, revenge and cruelty in disturbed narrators.

FLITS Stealing Education for LeisureSubject

3 mins

both poems are in the form of monologues and are told by disturbed narrators ‘Stealing’ – whilst telling us about theft of a snowman, the narrator reveals his/her anti-social, marginalised life Education for Leisure - told in the persona of disaffected waster who is angry and feels that no-one appreciates

him

Form

5 mins

Stealing - Five 5-line stanzas – quite ordered reflects the ordered, methodical way the thief steals things as well as his/hers rigid personality

‘Education for Leisure’ - Five 4-line stanzas. Although no enjambment between stanzas, there is within stanzas and this conveys train of though

Language &Imagery


25 mins

Find quotes and explain HOW Duffy’s language conveys: the riposte style – opens with a question. Who’s the

narrator replying to? the idea that the narrator is distanced from society -

marginalised (stanzas 1 & 4) makes effective use of alliteration - stanza 1 conveys a matter-of–fact tone: short sentences, straight

to the point, no small talk from this narrator the narrator shifting from talking of the snowman to

revealing things about him/herself – this shifting structure begins in stanza 2 then continues

uses polysemous language (lines 8-9) highlights the narrator’s feelings of schadenfreude (line

10) links to the narrator in ‘Education…’, this narrator also

has a warped mind that derives pleasure from inflicting misery on others (stanza 3)

metaphor - ‘mucky ghost.’ What does this suggest? the narrator’s disillusionment with the snowman and the

thuggish attitude (colloquialisms in stanza 4) Use of alliteration, drawing attention to the narrator’s

frustration (stanza 4) the narrator’s apathy - like the narrator in ‘Education…’

this narrator also seems to blame others for his own deficiencies and seems unprepared to do anything about it (stanzas 4 & 5)

the idea that the narrator has no appreciation of art/culture – like narrator in ‘Education…’ – suggests ineffective education

resigned alienation - ends with reinforcing his alienation – resigned tone

Find quotes and explain HOW Duffy’s language reveals: The narrator’s delusion – religious reference (line

4 links with line 14) assertive tone The narrator’s increasing cruelty – fly; goldfish;


Shakespeare in another language – a tone of resentment – he seems to blame others for his own deficiencies

Reference to King Lear – ‘as flies are to wanton boys…we are to the Gods’ – the intended irony as he doesn’t realise the connection, due to his ‘education for leisure’

The narrator’s disturbed mind – ‘it is good’, allusion to Genesis and links to other biblical reference – tone suggests he’s chillingly pleased with is ‘work’ which is the opposite of God’s.

Chilling suggestion at the end – use of second person pronoun to address reader directly – intended effect on reader

Summing up5 mins BRIEFLY explain in what way these poems are similar but also in what way they are different (if they are)

10

Paper 2 – poetry

Remind yourself of ‘My Mistress’ Eyes’ and ‘Anne Hathaway’ Explore HOW the poets use language effectively to convey themes of relationships and love.

FLITS My Mistress Anne HathawaySubject

5 mins

both sonnets ‘My Mistress’ Eyes’ – about real as opposed to courtly love; about genuine feelings rather than physical

attraction ‘Anne Hathaway’ told in the persona of a real woman – Shakespeare’s wife Duffy shows how Anne remembers her husband fondly and lovingly Feelings of love and desire

Form

7 mins

‘My Mistress’ - Shakespeare made the three quatrain and rhyming couplet form of sonnet his own Each quatrain explores a different aspect of what he finds beautiful about his ‘mistress’ the rhyming couplet sums up the entire sonnet – her loving memories ‘Anne Hathaway - a monologue in sonnet form explain why this is appropriate

Language &Imagery


25 mins

Find QUOTES and discuss the following: opens with a spondee that conveys a riposte style -

explain structured as series of inverted courtly epithets First quatrain – features she’s born with Second quatrain – features she could work at (but

maybe doesn’t) Third quatrain –further features she could work at Rhyming couplet – inverts all what’s been said in

preceding quatrains and sums up his real feelings quote a couple and explain where the stresses fall Tone is honest and direct yet also loving

Language reveals genuine feelings of love and love-making. Find QUOTES for and explain: Why the settings appropriate are appropriate HOW loving is linked to writing – why? In what way the metaphors are effective Alliteration

Rhyming couplet

Loving tone Why? What does this tell us?

HOW does Duffy convey this loving tone? Find words/phrases to support


11

Paper 2 – poetry

Remind yourself of ‘The Man He Killed’ and ‘On My First Sonne ’ Explore HOW the poets use language effectively to convey themes of conflict and death.

FLITS The Man Killed On My First SonneSubject

5 mins

Both poems very philosophical about death ‘The Man he killed’ – philosophical narrator speculates on killing a man (the enemy) and considers how

the two could have been friends under different circumstances (Boer War – South Africa – late 1800s) ‘First Sonne’ - told in the voice of the poet – Jonson on losing his young son – again quite philosophical

Form

7 mins

‘The Man He Killed’ - Five 4-line stanzas iambic trimeter – places stress on key words (you will explain this in the language paragraph) Enjambment between stanzas 3 and 4 convey the change of thought – speculative mood ‘On My First Sonne’ - although a monologue (one person speaking) is also a sonnet form (even though it

is 12 lines); cutting short at 12 lines complements the cutting short of the son’s life explain why this is appropriate

structured in a series of rhyming coupletsLanguage &Imagery


25 mins

Consider HOW Hardy’s language is effective:

explain what the narrator is considering – historical context

explain in what way is the iambic rhythm effective in the opening line

explain what the standard grammar/syntax reveals about the narrator

explain how the cheerful tone is conveyed in this first stanza

how does the narrator reconcile his action (stanzas 2 - 3)

explain what the dash/hyphen in lines 9 -10 conveys and how (in what way) the tone shifts

explain what we learn about many of the soldiers who fought in the Boer war (stanza 4); then explain how Hardy allows us to learn this

finally explain in what way the tone is curiously at odds with the subject matter, then explain why Hardy night have done this. What point is he making?

Consider HOW Jonson’s language is effective in revealing: feelings of filial love (fatherly love in this case) –

tender and melancholy tone historical context – four hundred years ago

religious ideology taken more seriously – God did ‘take’ and punish; heaven was a better place

feelings of guilt – had he not loved too much, God might not have punished him by ‘taking’ the son – tone of guilt

idea of fate – we all have our set time on earth until ‘judgement day’ arrives – a reflective tone

feelings of sadness & confusion - if heaven is better than earth, why does the father feel so sad? – tone quite reflectivefeelings and tone of resignation – he won’t love so deeply again – why?


12

‘anne hathaway’ and ‘havisham’ are both monologues · web viewbiblical allusion in the...

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