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Abraham Maslow

http://www.utoledo.edu/homepages/ddavis/maslow.htm

http://www.hee.hawaii.edu/hccinfo/facdev/Maslow.htmlhttp://www.educ.washington.edu/building/article_maslow.html

http://www.wynja.com/personality/meeds.html

http://www.valdosta.peachnet.edu/~whuitt/psy702/regsys/maslow.html



Who is Maslow?

jMember of the American dynasty of

psychologists and sociologists

jPublished theory of human motivation in1943

jKnown as a humanistic psychologist

± Humanists focus upon potentials



Maslow, a humanistic psychologist

j 1. Humanist do not believe that human being are

pushed and pulled by mechanical forces, either

of stimuli and reinforcements (behaviorism) or

of unconscious instinctual impulses

(psychoanalysis).

j

2. Humanist focus upon potentials.j 3. They believe that humans strive for an upper

level of capabilities.

j 4. Humans seek the frontiers of creativity, the

highest reaches of consciousness and wisdom.



j

Physiological needs-also known as biologicalneeds. Consists of oxygen, food, water, constant body temperature.

j Physiological are the strongest needs



j Safety Needs-

Security and Protection from physical and emotional harm

j Adults have little awareness for safety needsexcept in times of emergency



j Belongingness & Love needs- people seek toovercome feelings of loneliness and alienation.

j Involves giving and receiving love affection anda sense of belonging



j Needs for esteem-involves both self-esteem and esteem a persongets from others

j Humans need self-respect and respect of others

j When these needs are satisfied person feels self-confident andvaluable

j When not met people feel inferior, weak, helpless, and worthless



j Needs to Achieve Self-Actualization ± Cognitive ± to know, to understand, to

explore

± Aesthetic-to find symmetry, order and beauty



j Self actualization characteristics

± Problem focused

± Incorporate an ongoing freshness of appreciation of life

± Concerned about personal growth

± Ability to have peak experiences



j

Transcendence ± to help others find self-fulfillment and realize their potential



j

Maslow recognized that not all personality types followed this hierarchy

jSuggested that flow through the heirarchycan occur at any level at any time and

many times simultaneously.



Maslow states in his book, Motivation and

Personality, 1954, concerning Self Actualization

j ³A musician must make music, an artist

must paint, a poet must write, if he is to beultimately at peace with himself. What a

man can be, he must be.´



Maslow on Self Actualization

continued

j Maslow points out that the hierarchy is

dynamic; the dominant need is always shifting

j Example:

j The musician may be lost in the self

actualization of playing music, but eventually

becomes tired and hungry so he or she has tostop.




continued:

j Moreover, a single behavior may combine

several levels.

j Example:

j Eating dinner is both physiological and social.

j The hierarchy does not exist by itself, but isaffected by the situation and the general culture




continued:

jFinally, he notes that a satisfied need no

longer motivates.

jExample:

jA hungry man may be desperate for food,

but once he eats a good meal, the promiseof food no longer motivates him.



Educational Implications

j Teach people to be authentic

j Teach people to become world citizens

j Help people to discover their vocation in life

j Teach people that life is precious, there is joy in

life

j We must accept the person and help them find

their inner self j We must see that basic needs are satisfied

j We should refreshen consciousness



Educational Implications

jTeach people that controls are good,

complete abandon is bad

j

Teach people to transcend the trifling problems and tackle the serious problems

of life

jTeach people to make good choices

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