abs377_article.doc

8/10/2019 abs377_article.doc

1/10

Wastewater treatment by adsorption onto Carpobrotus edulis used as naturaladsorbent

Mohamed CHIBAN 1, Amina SOUDANI 1, Hassan EDDAOUDI 1, Fouad SINAN 1 and MichelPERSIN 2

1: Equipe de Matriaux, Photocatalyse et Environnement, Facult des Sciences d !"adir, #P$ %1&' Cit (a)hla, Maroc*: +nstitut Europen des Membranes, C -S, -./'0/, 1 1 oute Mende, 02* 03Montpellier, France

Co!!es"ondin# au$ho!% &el' ( 2122)22*+ -, Fa.' (2122)22*1**, E/mail add!ess' mmchi0an ahoo%3!%

ABSTRACT

&he aim o3 $he "!esen$ "a"e! is $o s$ud $he e33icienc o3 a ne4 "!ocess 3o! 4as$e4a$e! $!ea$men$ 0 adso!"$ion on$o mic!o/"a!$icles o3 d! "lan$ usin# $he 0a$ch e5uili0!a$ion $echni5ue%&hese mic!o/"a!$icles a!e o0$ained 3!om #!inded and d!ied Carpobrotus edulis "lan$% &he !esul$ssho4 $ha$ $he mic!o/"a!$icles o3 C$ edulis "lan$ "!esen$ a #ood !e$en$ion o3 hea6 me$als, ni$!a$eand "hos"ha$e ions 3!om !eal 4as$e4a$e!% &his !e$en$ion inc!eased 4i$h inc!easin# o3 con$ac$$ime% &he !emo6al "e!cen$a#e o3 hea6 me$als 3!om indus$!ial 4as$e4a$e! 0 C$ edulis "a!$icles4as +7 8 3o! Cd9II:, +1 8 3o! Cu9II:, ++ 8 3o! P09II: and +)8 3o! ;n9II:% &he ma.imumadso!"$ion ca"aci$ 4as de"endin# on $he $ "e o3 ions 9a$omic 4ei#h$, ionic !adius ands$!uc$u!e


2/10

#ene!al, $he "!esen$ #ood adso!"$ion ca"aci$ ?Dushen>o6 91++ :, Baile 91+++:@ ha6e "!esen$ed an in$e!es$in# !e6ie4, 4hich 3ocuses on $he "o$en$ial o3 a 4ide 6a!ie$ o3 lo4 cos$so!0en$s 3o! hea6 me$als% Acco!din# $o $hese au$ho!s, a lo4 cos$ so!0en$ can 0e assumed i3 i$!e5ui!es less "!io! "!ocessin#, is a0undan$ in na$u!e, o! is ei$he! a 0 /"!oduc$ o! 4as$e ma$e!ial3!om ano$he! indus$! % &hese ma$e!ials could 0e al$e!na$i6es 3o! e."ensi6e $!ea$men$ "!ocesses% In$his sense, 6a!ious na$u!al ma$e!ials can 0e used 3o! $hese "u!"oses%

&he adso!"$ion o3 hea6 me$als, ni$!a$e and o!$ho"hos"ha$es 0 $hese "a!$icles o3 C$ edulis "lan$ mi#h$ 0e mainl a$$!i0u$ed $o $hei! "!o$ein, ca!0oh d!a$es and "henolic com"ound con$en$s?Benhima 92**2:, Chi0an 92**-0:@, con$ainin# me$al/0indin# 3unc$ional #!ou"s li>e ca!0o. l,h d!o. l, sul3a$e, "hos"ha$e and amino #!ou"s ?Benhima 92**1, 2** :, Am e#hal 92** :,F!iedman 91+-2:, Chi0an 92**-a:@% &he s"a$ial dis$!i0u$ion o3 $hese 0indin# #!ou"s in $he C$edulis "lan$ is no$ 4ell !esol6ed% The grinded and dried plant selected for this studygrown in Mediterranean zones ( Sou$h es$e!n Mo!occo:% &he mic!o/"a!$icles o3 C$edulis "lan$ a!e >no4n $o 0e non $o.ic as $hese "a!$icles a!e used in medical $!ea$men$s ?Cha!no$91+7 :, Mon$ilia 91++*:, Ahmad 91++*:@ ma>in# $hem #ood candida$es 3o! $he de6elo"men$ o3

"!ocesses aimed $o be used in a#!icul$u!e o! domes$ic a""lica$ions% &hei! choice 4as 0ased on$hei! !ela$i6e a0undance in 6a!ious ones o3 Mo!occo and $hei! 5uasi a0sence o3 comme!cial6alue% Recen$l , !esea!che!s also loo>ed 3o! so!0en$s issued 3!om a#!icul$u!al and 3o!es$!

sou!ces% Fo! e.am"le, B!o4n and col% 92**1: used Peuraria lobata oh4i 9 ud u: as so!0en$ $o!emo6e 6a!ious hea6 me$al ions such as cadmium, co""e! and inc 3!om a5ueous solu$ions,Reddad and col% 92**2: used su#a! 0ee$ "ul" 3o! $he !emo6al o3 nic>el and coo"e! ions, A0del/Halim and col% 92** : used Echornia Speciosa 9Nile !ose: 3o! $he !emo6al o3 lead ions, and Al/Su0u and Salim and col% 92**2, 1++7: used Cupressus sempervirens 9c "!ess:, Eucalyptuslon"i5olia 9cinchona: and Pinus halepensis 9"ine: 3o! $he !emo6al o3 lead, aluminium andcadmium ions% Gene!all $hese 0ioma$e!ials sho4ed a #ood e33icienc 3o! $he $!ea$men$ o3

"ollu$ed li5uid media%&he aim o3 $he "!esen$ "a"e! is $o s$ud $he e33icienc o3 a ne4 "!ocess 3o! 4as$e4a$e!

$!ea$men$ 0 adso!"$ion on$o mic!o/"a!$icles o3 d! "lan$ usin# $he 0a$ch e5uili0!a$ion $echni5ue%&hese mic!o/"a!$icles o3 d! "lan$ a!e o0$ained 3!om Carpobrotus edulis "lan$%

MAT RIA!S AND M T"ODS

#$ Materials

&he adso!0en$s used in $his s$ud 4e!e o0$ained 3!om #!ound d!ied "lan$ o0$ained 3!omCarpobrotus edulis "lan$ as "!e6iousl !e"o!$ed in ou! 4o!> else4he!e ?Chi0an 92**-0, 2** ,2** :, Benhima 92**), 2** :@% A !ecen$ sc!eenin# ?Chi0an 92**-a, 2**-0:@ 3o! chemicalcom"osi$ion and su!3ace cha!ac$e!i a$ion has sho4n $ha$ $he ma o! 3unc$ional #!ou"s on C$ edulis

"lan$ a!e "ola! h d!o. l, aldeh dic and ca!0o. lic #!ou"s% &hese #!ou"s has made C$ edulis "lan$$o ha6e #!ea$ "o$en$ial as an adso!0en$ 3o! me$al ions in a5ueous solu$ions% &hese mic!o/"a!$icles

o3 C$ edulis "lan$ a!e also >no4n $o 0e non $o.ic ?Cha!no$ 91+7 :, Mon$ilia 91++*:, Ahmad91++*:@% &hei! selec$ion 4as made in !ela$ion $o $hei! !ela$i6e a0undance in $he Medi$e!!anean

ones 4he!e $he a!e conside!ed as a 4o!$hless ma$$e!% &he #!inded "lan$ ma$$e! used 3o! $hiss$ud is cons$i$u$ed o3 3!a#men$s inc!easin#l o3 less s"he!ical $he mean diame$e! 0ein# lo4e! o! e5ual $o ** Jm% &he s"eci3ic su!3ace o3 $he C$ edulis "a!$icles 4as de$e!mined 0 $he N2=BE&me$hod 9Mic!ome!i$ics ASAP 2*1*: and 3ound $o 0e 2% mK=#% $he su!3ace s$!uc$u!e, mo!"holo#and $he elemen$s o3 C$ edulis "a!$icles 4e!e measu!ed 0 scannin# elec$!on mic!osco"e9HI&ACHI S/7 **: 9Ins$i$u$ Eu!o"Len des Mem0!anes de Mon$"ellie! en F!ance: and SEM=EDanal sis 9 EICA/S/2 * 9Ins$i$u$ Eu!o"Len des Mem0!anes Mon$"ellie! / F!ance::%


3/10

Se6e!al 4as$e4a$e! sam"les 4e!e collec$ed and s$o!ed in "ol e$h lene 0o$$les 3!om $4oones o3 A#adi! o3 Mo!occo' domes$ic and indus$!ial ones% &hese sam"les 4e!e decan$ed and

3il$e!ed on "a"e! o3 *%7 m "o!osi$ % &he "ollu$an$ cha!#e o3 4as$e4a$e! sam"les has 0eende$e!mined% &he "H 6alues o3 $he 4as$e4a$e! sam"les 4e!e measu!ed 0 a Me$$le!/&oledo me$e! 9MP 12*:%

All glassware and sample bottles were washed with a detergent solution,rinsed with tap water, soaked with 1.0 subboiled !"# $ for at least 1% h, and&nally rinsed with Milli' water three times.

&he "ollu$an$s $!ea$ed 4as$e4a$e!s 4e!e anal ed 4i$h'/ a!ian model 22* FS a$omic a0so!"$ion s"ec$!o"ho$ome$e! 3o! me$al ions%/ HP model s"ec$!o"ho$ome$e! 3o! o!$ho"hos"ha$e%/ HACH model s"ec$!o"ho$ome$e! 3o! chemical o. #en demand 9COD:%/ a$e!s model ca"illa! elec$!o"ho!eses 3o! ni$!a$es%

%$ Bat&' adsorption e(periments

Adso!"$ion s$udies 4e!e ca!!ied ou$ 0 0a$ch "!ocess% 7* ml o3 a 4as$e4a$e! solu$ion o3 a#i6en me$al ca$ions 9o! "ollu$an$ mine!als: a$ concen$!a$ion C I 4as mi.ed 4i$h a one #!am o3

d!ied and #!inded "lan$ 4i$hou$ an "!e/$!ea$men$% &he solu$ions "u$ in con$ac$ 4i$h $he "lan$ma$$e! 4e!e main$ained a$ a cons$an$ $em"e!a$u!e o3 2 C in a 4a$e! 0a$h $he!mos$a$, $he mi.$u!e

0ein# 6i#o!ousl s$i!!ed 0 means o3 a ma#ne$ic s$i!!e!% &he sam"led solu$ions 4e!e cen$!i3u#eda$ *** !"m 3o! 1 min 4i$h a Bio3u#e model cen$!i3u#a$ion machine, He!aeus Ins$!umen$s%

&he 6a!ia$ion o3 $he adso!0ed ions concen$!a$ion 9C ! : !e"!esen$ed in $he 3i#u!es is de3inedas C ! Q C* / C 3 3o! $he !a$io 2 #=l o3 mass=solu$ion, and $he !emo6al "e!cen$a#e o3 "ollu$an$ 3!om4as$e4a$e! 9E: on mic!o/"a!$icles o3 C$ edulis "lan$ 4as calcula$ed 3!om

1**C

C/C98:

*

3 * = E

4he!e C * and C 3 a!e $he ini$ial and e5uili0!ium concen$!a$ion o3 "ollu$an$ solu$ion 9m#=l:,!es"ec$i6el %

&he ca"aci$ 9m#=#: o3 "ollu$an$s adso!0ed 3!om 4as$e4a$e!s 0 mic!o/"a!$icles o3 C$edulis "lan$ 4as calcula$ed 3!om

vqa = mC/C 3 *

4he!e is $he $o$al solu$ion 6olume 9ml:, m $he 4ei#h$ o3 $he 0ioma$e!ials 9#:%

R SU!TS AND DISCUSSION

1. C. edulis &'ara&terisation

Su!3ace mo!"holo# o3 $he adso!0en$s 4as anal ed 0 scannin# elec$!onic mic!osco"9SEM, HI&ACHI S/7 **: and 0 SEM cou"led 4i$h ene!# dis"e!si6e /!a anal sis 9ED ,EICA/S/2 *:%


4/10

)i*ure # + Scannin# elec$!on mic!o#!a"h o3 C$ edulis "a!$icles 9 ** m:%

Scannin# elec$!on mic!osco"ic "ho$o#!a"hs o3 C$ edulis "a!$icles sho4n in 3i#u!e 1 !e6eal$he su!3ace $e.$u!e and "o!osi$ o3 $he sam"le% SEM ima#es o3 mic!o/"a!$icles o3 d! C$ edulis

"lan$ indica$e $he "!esence o3 #!ains and o!#anic 3i0!es in $he s$!uc$u!e% &he mo!"holo# o3 $his

ma$e!ial can 3acili$a$e $he adso!"$ion o3 me$als, due $o $he i!!e#ula! su!3ace o3 $he C$ edulis "a!$icles, $hus ma>es "ossi0le $he adso!"$ion o3 me$als in di33e!en$ "a!$s o3 $his ma$e!ial% So, 0ased on $he mo!"holo# , as 4ell as on $he 3ac$ $ha$ hi#h amoun$s o3 amino acid and $annins?Chi0an 92**-a:@, i$ can 0e concluded $ha$ $his ma$e!ial "!esen$s an ade5ua$e mo!"holo#ical

"!o3ile $o !e$ain me$al ions% &he 5uali$a$i6e ED s"ec$!a 3o! mic!o/"a!$icles o3 d! C$ edulis "lan$93i#u!e 2: indica$ed $ha$ O. #en, Ca!0on, Calcium, Silicon, Sul"hu!, Alumunium, soduim, andMn#anisium a!e $he main cons$i$uen$s% &hese had 0een >no4n as $he "!inci"al elemen$s o3 C$edulis "a!$icles%

C

O

Na

Na

Mg

Mg

Al

Al

Si

Si

S

S

Cl

Cl

K

K

Ca

Ca

Ca

CaFe

Fe

Fe

Fe Pt

Pt

Pt

keV0

500

1000

1500

0 10.00

)i*ure % ' ED s"ec$!um o3 C$ edulis "a!$icles 9 ** m:%

#$ Composition wastewater samples

Ene!#ie 9 e :

I n

$ e n s

i $ 2

9 a % u

:


5/10

&4o di33e!en$ $ "es 4as$e4a$e! 4e!e s$udied% An a and M ;a! 4as$e4a$e! sam"les a!eindus$!ial and domes$ic 4as$e4a$e! o3 A#adi! ones 9in sou$h 4es$e!n Mo!occo:% &hecom"osi$ion o3 !eal 4as$e4a$e! sam"les is sho4n in $a0le 1%

6able 1: Composition o5 domestic and industrial 4aste4aters$M,-ar wastewater

7m"8l9An.a wastewater

7m"8l9 N EVMA ?AFNOR 91++7:@

7m"8l9/b %0 *%7* %*+ *%* *Cd %0 * *%* ) *%**Cu %0 *%- 2%1 1 1-n %0 1%1 1-% 1NO 12 12 % 2%+- */O 312 +)% )1% ) *%*DCO 12-7 1 - % *M S 1*2 1* 7% 2p" -% - 2%2 % "H +%

T 45C6 27 27% 2 E !: !vera"e concentration o5 pollutants o5 !n;a 4aste4ater 7m"8l9 5or several samples$

E M: concentration o5 pollutants o5 M


6/10

)i*ure 1 + Adso!"$ion o5 -> 0? and P> 20? ions 5rom M e 0 $he C$ edulis a""ea!ed $o 3ollo4 a $4o "hase

"!ocess cha!ac$e!ised 0 an ini$ial 3as$ !e$en$ion s$e" las$in# a$ $he ma.imum less $han *

minu$es, and co!!es"ondin# $o an u"$a>e concen$!a$ion o3 a0ou$ - $o -- 8 o3 $he ini$ial PO 7/

concen$!a$ion o3 $he An a 4as$e4a$e!, 3ollo4ed 0 a much slo4e! s$e" las$in# 3o! hou!s and$endin# $o a s$ead s$a$e% E5uili0!ium is a$$ained in less $han hou!s% Ni$!a$es, sho4s !a"idadso!"$ion >ine$ics 4i$h u" $o +) 8 ni$!a$e ion !emo6al in $he 3i!s$ * minu$es% A3$e! $he 3as$ini$ial "!ocess, $he adso!"$ion "!oceeds a$ a slo4e! !a$e, 0e3o!e !eachin# a "la$eau% &he 3inalni$!a$e ions concen$!a$ions 9C3 m#=l: a!e much lo4e! $han 2 m#=l, 4hich is $he no!m o3 d!in>in# 4a$e! ?AFNOR 91++7:@%

Unde! $hese e."e!imen$al condi$ions $he ma.imum e33icienc 3o! ni$!a$es ando!$ho"hos"ha$es ions u"$a>e 0 uni$ o3 4ei#h$ o3 "lan$ is hi#he! $han 7%) m#=#% &hese 6aluesde"end on $he $ "e o3 anions as $he u"$a>e o3 NO / is hi#he! $han $ha$ 3o! PO 7 /, indica$in# some


7/10

s"eci3ici$ o3 $he in$e!ac$ions 0e$4een $he ni$!a$e and o!$ho"hos"ha$es anions and $he si$es o3 $heC$ edulis "lan$ !es"onsi0le 3o! $he ion u"$a>e% &hese !esul$s a!e much lo4e! in com"a!ison 4i$h$hose o0$ained 3o! la0o!a$o! solu$ion% &he concen$!a$ions !e$ained 0 C$ edulis o3 ni$!a$e ando!$ho"hos"ha$es ions 3!om a5ueous solu$ion a!e #=l 3o! NO / and *% 2 #=l 3o! PO7 / !es"ec$i6el?Chi0an 92** :@%

&hese e."e!imen$s con3i!m $he e33icienc o3 $he adso!0en$ issued 3!om d!ied C$ edulis "lan$ o3 $he sou$he!n Mo!occo $o !e$ain 4a$e! solu0le ni$!a$e and "hos"ha$e anions% &he 6e! 3as$adso!"$ion >ine$ics, o0se!6ed 3o! C$ edulis "lan$, !e"!esen$s a >e ad6an$a#e 3o! desi#nin# 4a$e! $!ea$men$ s s$ems 0ased on $his "!inci"le%

&he !esul$s o3 adso!"$ion on$o mic!o/"a!$icles o3 C$ edulis "lan$ 4i$h $he dis$illed 4a$e! sho4s $ha$ $he ne#li#i0le 5uan$i$ies o3 ni$!a$e and "hos"ha$e ions a!e !elease 0 $hese mic!o/

"a!$icles o3 C$ edulis "lan$ 9 !el 9NO /: *%*1 m#=#, a3$e! 27 hou!s o3 con$ac$ $ime:%

1$ "ea8y metals adsorption and &'emi&al o(y*en demand 7rom domesti& and industrialwastewater samples

&he M ;a! 4as$e4a$e! sam"les con$ain a lo4 concen$!a$ion o3 hea6 me$als includin#Cu9II:, Cd9II:, P09II: and ;n9II:% I$ is no$ necessa! $o s$ud $he adso!"$ion "!ocess a$ di33e!en$

con$ac$ $ime% &he adso!"$ion o3 hea6 me$als 0 mic!o/"a!$icles o3 d! "lan$ a3$e! hou!s o3 con$ac$$ime has 0een s$udied% &he !esul$s sho4 $ha$ $he adso!"$ion ca"aci$ o3 C$ edulis "lan$ 4as 3ound$o 0e *%*2 m#=# 3o! Cu9II:, *%*1 m#=# 3o! P09II: and *%* 7 m#=# 3o! ;n9II:% &hese e."e!imen$al!esul$s o3 $he adso!"$ion "!ocess on ne4 adso!0en$ o0$ained 3!om C$ edulis "lan$ sho4ed $ha$$hese adso!0en$s ha6e #!eed ca"aci$ $o !emo6e hea6 me$als ions 3!om !eal 4as$e4a$e!%

&he 6a!ia$ions o3 $he concen$!a$ions o3 hea6 me$als ions adso!0ed 0 mic!o/"a!$icles o3 d! C$ edulis "lan$ 3!om An a 4as$e4a$e!s 6e!sus $he con$ac$ $ime a!e "lo$$ed in Fi#u!e %

)i*ure 9 ' Adso!"$ion o5 heavy metals 5rom !n;a 4aste4ater by one "ram o5 C$ edulis plant : C* 9Cd: Q *%* )m#=l , C* 9Cu: Q 2%1 1 m#=l , C * 9P0: Q %*+ m#=l, C* 9;n: Q 1-% 1 m#=l, m8v@*/"8l$

&he !esul$s o3 hea6 me$als adso!"$ion 3!om An a 4as$e4a$e! indica$es $ha$ ' i: &headso!"$ion o3 Cu9II:, Cd9II:, P09II:, and ;n9II: ions 0 C$ edulis "lan$ a!e a0ou$ --%22, 2% *,27 % - and - %7 #=# !es"ec$i6el and ii: $he $!ea$ed 4as$e4a$e! on$o mic!o/"a!$icles o3 d!iedC$ edulis "lan$ 3ul3ills $he !e5ui!emen$s o3 o!ld Heald O!#anisa$ion 9 HO, 1+-1:% &he !emo6al

"e!cen$a#e o3 hea6 me$als 0 C$ edulis 4as +78 3o! Cd9II:, +18 3o! Cu9II:, ++8 3o! P09II: and


8/10

+)8 3o! ;n9II:% &hese 6alues a!e much lo4e! in com"a!ison 4i$h $hose o0$ained 3o! la0o!a$o!solu$ion a$ 6a!ious concen$!a$ions, i%e% $he concen$!a$ions adso!0ed 0 $hese 0ioma$e!ials o3 hea6me$al 3!om la0o!a$o! solu$ion a!e 7% - #=l, *%- #=l, 1%1 and *%+ 3o! lead, cadmium, co""e! and

inc !es"ec$i6el ?Chi0an 92** :@% A simila! $!end has 0een o0se!6ed in $he !emo6al o3 di6alen$me$al ions 9Cu9II:, Cd9II:, ;n9II: and P09II:: 0 o$he! "lan$s such us Peuraria lobata oh4i9 ud u: ?B!o4n 92**1:@, Echornia Speciosa 9Nile !ose: ?A0del/Halim 92** :@, Cupressus

sempervirens 9c "!ess:, Eucalyptus lon"i5olia 9cinchona: and Pinus halepensis 9"ine: ?Al/Su0uand Salim 92**2, 1++7:@%

3$ C'emi&al o(y*en demand 4COD6

&he e33ec$ o3 con$ac$ $ime unde! a#i$a$ion on $he su""lemen$ COD 3!om M ;a! and An a4as$e4a$e!s 0 C$ edulis "a!$icles is illus$!a$ed in 3i#u!e %

Figure 6 : E55ect o5 contact time variation o5 the C>( supplement by "ram o5 C$ edulis plant : 6@*/.C, m8v@*/"8l and natural pA$

In $he case M a! 4as$e4a$e!, $he !esul$s indica$e $ha$ $he !elease o3 o!#anic ma$$e! insolu$ion 0 adso!0en$ issued 3!om C$ edulis inc!eased 4i$h an inc!ease o3 con$ac$ $ime% Bu$ 3o! An a 4as$e4a$e! sam"les, $hese !esul$s sho4 $ha$ $he COD su""lemen$ dec!ease 4i$h con$ac$$ime% &his can 0e e."lained 0 $he di33e!en$ in "H o3 4as$e4a$e! sam"les 9"H9An a: Q 2%2 ,

"H9M ;a!: Q -% -:%&he $es$s o3 adso!"$ion "!ocess 4i$h $he dis$illed 4a$e! also sho4ed $ha$ $he C$ edulis

"lan$ can !elease $he amoun$s im"o!$an$ in solu$ion o3 o!#anic ma$$e!, 4ha$ su##es$s $he necessi$o3 a "!e/4ash 0e3o!e use o3 $he $hese mic!o/"a!$icles o3 d!ied C$ edulis "lan$ ?Chi0an 92**-0:@%

CONC!USION

&his s$ud indica$ed $ha$ $he mic!o/"a!$icles issued 3!om #!inded and d!ied Carpobrotusedulis "lan$ could 0e used as adso!0en$s 3o! $he $!ea$men$ o3 4as$e4a$e! con$amina$ed 4i$h hea6me$als and "ollu$an$ mine!als such as V ni$!a$e and "hos"ha$e% &he ma.imum !emo6al o3 ni$!a$esand "hos"ha$es ions 3!om M ;a! 4as$e4a$e! sam"les 4as 3ound $o 0e +)8 and 718 a$ "H -% -and $em"e!a$u!e am0ien$ 3o! C$ edulis "lan$ , !es"ec$i6el % &he !emo6al "e!cen$a#e o3 hea6me$als 3!om An a 4as$e4a$e! on$o C$ edulis "lan$ 4as a0ou$ $o +78 3o! Cd9II:, +18 3o! Cu9II:,


9/10

++8 3o! P09II: and +)8 3o! ;n9II:% &he adso!"$ion "!ocess o3 hea6 me$als, ni$!a$es ando!$ho"hos"ha$es 0 $he di33e!en$ 0ioma$e!ials 4as a33ec$ed 0 6a!ious "a!ame$e!s such as "H6alues, con$ac$ $ime and ini$ial ions concen$!a$ions in solu$ion% &he ma.imum ca"aci$ adso!"$ion4as de"endin# on $he $ "e o3 ions%

A&:nowled*ements

&his oin$ "!o#!am 4as made "ossi0le $han>s $o $he ) comi$L Mi.$e in$e! Uni6e!si$ai!eF!anco/ Ma!ocain 9A%I% N 12)=MA: * % e #!a$e3ull ac>no4led#e 3undin# $h!ou#h Ins$i$u$Eu!o"!en des Mem0!anes 3o! $echnical su""o!$ and anal $ical sc!eenin# o3 sam"les%

R ) R NC S

A0del/Halim, S%H%, Sheha$a, A%M%A% El/Shaha$, M%F%, a$e!% Res% -, "%1 -), 2**

AFNOR, Recueil des No!mes F!anWaises' uali$L de l eau, En6i!onnemen$% Pa!is% 1++7%

Ahmad, A%M%, Mi!o, M%, Oce$e, M%A%, Ximene , X%, Na6a!!o, M%C%, E$hno"ha!macolo#ie' Sou!ces,

mL$hodes, o0 ec$i3s, Pa!is, Me$ , ORS&OM e$ SFE, "% )+, 1++*%

Al/Su0u% M%M%, Ad6ances in En6i!onmen$al Resea!ch , "% +, 2**2

Am e#hal, A0d El%, Memo! o3 DESA, Facul$ o3 Sciences, A#adi!, Mo!occo% 2** %

Baile , S%E%, Olin, &%X%, B!ic>a, R%M%, Ad!ian, D%D%, a$e! Res% , "%27 +, 1+++

Benhima, H%, Bouch$alla, S%, Eddaoudi, H%, Sinan% F%, Ann% Chim% Sci% Ma$, 2 , "% , 2**1%

Benhima, H%, Chi0an, M%, Sinan, F%, Se$a, P%, Pe!sin, M%, Collo% and Su!3% B' Bioin$e!3aces 1,

"%1*, 2**)%

Benhima, H%, Chi0an, M%, Sinan, F%, Se$a% P%, RLcen$s P!o#!Ys en GLnie des P!ocLdLs, Ed &ec e$

Doc, Pa!is, )+, "% , 2** %

Benhima% H%, Na$ional Doc$o!a$e o3 $he Facul$ o3 Sciences, A#adi!, Mo!occo% 2**2%

B!o4n, P%A%, B!o4n, X%M%, Allen, S%X%, Bio!esou!ce &echnolo# -), "%1+ , 2**1%Cha!no$% A%, &o.icolo#ie au Ma!oc% MLmoi!e de la SociL$L des Sciences Na$u!elles Au Ma!oc%

Ed% SiY#e de lTI%S%, Ra0a$, "%-1-, 1+7

Chi0an, M%, Benhima, H% Saadi, B% Nounah, A% Sinan, F%, X% de Ph si5ue I , 12 , "% + % 2** %


10/10

Chi0an, M%, Am e#hal, A%, Benhima, H%, Sinan, F%, &ah!ouch, S%, Se$a, P%, Re6ie4s in Biolo#

and Bio$echnolo# , , "%7*, 2**-a%

Chi0an, M%, Benhima, H%, Sinan, F%, Eddaoudi, H%, Se$a, P%, Pe!sin, M%, RLcen$s P!o#!Ys en GLnie

des P!ocLdLs, Ed% SFGP, + , 2** %

Chi0an, M%, &hese de Doc$o!a$ de la 3acul$L des Sciences d A#adi!, Ma!oc, 2**-0%

Dos San$os, M%C%, en i, E%, En6i!on% &echnol% 21, "% 1 , 2***

Dushen>o6, %, uma!, P%B%A%N%, Mo$$o, H%, Ras>in, I%, En6i!on% Sci% &echnol% 2+, "%12 +, 1++ %

F!iedman, M%, aiss, A%C%, En6i!on% Sci% &ech% , "%7 -, 1+-2%

Mad!id, Z%, Ba!!io/Co!do0a, M%E%, Cama!a, C%, Anal s$ 12 , "%1 + , 1++)%

Ma!shall, %E%, a!$elle, %H%, Bole!, D%E%, Xohns, M%M%, &oles, C%A%, Bio!es% &echnol% +, "%2

1+++%

Mon$ilia, M%P%, Ca0, X%, Na6a!!o, M%C%, Risco, S%, Ximen X%, Ane!ios% X%, En$hno"ha!macolo#ie

Pa!is, ORS&OM e$ SFE, "% *, 1++*%

Reddad, ;%, GL!en$e, C%, And!Ys, Z%, Rale$, M%C%, &hi0aul$, X%F%, e Cloi!ec, P%, Ca!0ih d!a$e

Pol me!s 7+, "%2 , 2**2

Salim, R%, Al/Su0u, M%, ashou, S%, X% o3 En6i!onmen$al Science and Heal$h A2+, "%2*)-, 1++7Schmuhl, R%, !ie#, HM%, ei e!, %, a$e! S% A%, 2-, "%1 92**1:%

au#han, &%, Seo, C% %, Ma!shall, %E%, Bio!esou!% &echnol% -), "%1 , 2**1%

a34o o, %, Seo, C% %, Ma!shall, %E%, X% Chem% &echnol% Bio$echnol% -7, "%111-, 1+++%

o!ld Heal$h O!#ani a$ion% In$e!na$ional S$anda!ds 3o! D!in>in# a$e! 9 d ed%:, Gene6a 1+-1%

abs377_article.doc

Documents