Agricultural Engineering

WARWICK 2 0 0 0 Third Millennium

AbstractsParti

AE Advanced EngineeringSponsored by The Douglas Bomford Trust

AP Animal ProductionSponsored by DeLaval

FB Farm Buildings

IE Industry Innovation

IT Information Technology

PA Precision AgricultureSponsored by Claas

AgEng2000 is jointly organised by the European Society of Agricultural Engineers, theInstitution of Agricultural Engineers, Silsoe Research Institute and The Royal

Agricultural Society of England, and sponsored by:

• Academic Press• Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council• Claas• DeLaval• Department for International Development• The Douglas Bomford Trust• Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food

© Silsoe Research Institute, Wrest Park. Silsoe, Bedford MK45 4HS. UK.Tel +44 (0)1525 860000 FAX -̂ 44 (0)1525 860156 http:/\™w.sn.bbsrc.ac.uk

UB/TIB Hannover 89123 043 360

AE Advanced EngineeringSponsored by The Douglas Bomford Trust

00-AE-001. Multispectral, real-time inspection of citrus using a parallel 18architecture.Molto. E.(*), Biasco, J. Aleixos, N (Spain)

00-AE-002. A Colour Vision System for high speed Sorting of Potatoes. 20Noordam, J.C.; Timmermans, A.J.M.(*); Otten. G.W.; Zwol, B.H. van (TheNetherlands)

00-AE-003. Image Analysis for Robot Harvesting of Cucumbers. 22Mculeman, J(*).; Kornet, J.G.; Peters, D.G. (The Netherlands)

00-AE-004. Segmentation of weed leaves by deformable templates. 24Manh A-G(*), Rabatel G., Assemat L., Aldon MJ. (France)

00-AE-005. Physics based segmentation of colour images containing vegetation 26and soil.Onyango, C.(*) and Marchant, J (UK)

00-AE-006. On-line fruit grading according to external quality using machine 28vision.Leemans, V.(*); Magein, H.;Destain M.-F. (Belgium)

OO-AE-007. Quantitative shape characterisation of vegetable varieties. 30Felfoldi, J. (Hungary)

00-AE-008. Visual evaluation of grains. 32Baranyai, L. (Hungary)

00-AE-009. Tomato ripeness prediction by computer vision system. 34Anctt Szepes(*) (Hungary)

(M)-AE-OIO. Analysing growth data of broilers to explain low measurement 36accuracy of an automatic weighing system.Chedad. A.(*): Berckmans, D. (Belgium)

00-AE-011 Controller Tuning For Second Order Dead-Time Fertigation Mixing 37Process.Arvanitis. K G.: Akritidis. C. B.; Pasgianos, G. D.(*); Sigrimis, N.A. (Greece)

OO-AE-012 Evaluation of Horticultural Produce Quality using a Biosensor Array 39Setford. S.J.(*): Arif. M.; Tothill, I.E.: Shields. J.; Burton, K.S.

OO-AE-013. A multi-sensor approach for assessing olive oil quality 41Gutierrez, P. Ramos, E. Molto* and F.Juste (Spain)

00-AE-014. Immunodetection of the herbicide Isoproturon. 43Baskeyfield. D. E. H.(*): Magan. N.: Walker. A.: Tothill. I. E. (UK)

00-AE-015. Sensor Systems for Bird Control in Orchards and Vineyards. 45Delwiche. M. J. (*)(USA)

00-AE-016. A new method for determination of crop row position by computer 47vision.H. T. Sogaard and H. J. Olsen (Denmark)

00-AE-017. Shape Analysis of Fresh-Market Carrots for Grading by Machine 49Vision.O. Kleynen(*), M.-F. Destain. (Belgium)

00-AE-018. Image processing based steering control of a plantation tractor. 51Zoltan Lang(*), Sandor Molnar (Hungary)

00-AE-019. Early-weaned Piglets Weight Estimation Using Image Analysis 53Panagakis. P.; Berberidis, K.; Briassoulis, D.(*); Karaivazoglou. P; Dimas. E.(Greece)

00-AE-020. Comparison of thermal behaviour of cocoa butter alternatives. 55Katalin Kerti (Hungary)

00-AE-022. New ways on supervisory control: a virtual greenhouse to train, to 57control, and to manage.N. Sigrimis (*). KG. Arvanitis. G. Pasgianos . A. Anastasiou (Greece)

00-AE-023. Detecting Stem and Shape of Pear with Machine Vision. 59Yibin Ying,* Hansong Jing. Juanqin Jin (China)

AP Animal ProductionSponsored by DeLaval

00-AP-001. Assessment of a new deep litter system and a slatted floor housing 62system for fattening pigs on indoor air quality animal behaviour and systematicinjuries.Van den Weghe, H.F.A.(*); Kaiser.S.; Hessel.E.F.: Winckler.C; Hartwig.A(Germany)

00-AP-004. Influence of modified husbandry on productivity and welfare of male, 64domestic turkeys.Berk, J.(*) and Hinz, T. (Germany)

00-AP-005. Comparison of Pig Waste Handling Systems Using A Life Cycle 66Assessment (LCA) Procedure.Sandais, D. L.*; Audsley, E.; Canete, C; Scotford, I. M.; Cumby, T. R. C;Williams, A. G. (UK)

00-AP-006. The Hercules Pig Production System: a new farm system for 68sustainable production of pigs and fertilisers.Ogmk, N.W.M.; Willers, H.C.(*); Veeken. A.H.M.; Hamelers, H.V.M. (TheNetherlands)

OO-AP-007. Automated oestrus detection in individually housed sows by 70monitoring body activityS. Godne, L. Freson, N. Buys, R. Geers (Belgium)

00-AP-008. Bovine Oestrus Detection with a Progesterone Biosensor 72Delwiche. M. J. (*); Tang, X. (USA)

OO-AP-009. Application of an on-line pressure based sensor for milk urea. 74Jenkins, D. M; Delwiche. M. J.(*); DePeters, E. J. (USA)

00-AP-010. Sensor-aided, Electronic Measurements of Animal Physiological Data 76Using Ditlcrcnt Systems.Brchme. L'.(*); Laufeld. P.; Scherping, E.: Werner, D.; Liberati, P.; Zappavigna, P.(Germany)

(K)-AP-Ol 1 Sensor-aided Electronic Investigations on the Course of Deep-Body 78Temperature and Activity of Dairy Cows.Zappavigna. P(*); Brehme, U; Liberati, P, Scherping, E; Stollberg, E; Werner,DUtah)

OO-AP-012. Designing the optimal robotic milking bam. 80I. Halachmi(*): J.H.M. Metz; L.Speelman (The Netherlands)

00-AP-013. Waiting time for cows in a fully automated milking system. 81Oostra. H. H. (*); Sallvik. K. (Sweden)

00-AP-015. Teat load monitor- a system for measuring forces acting on cows' 82teats and the resulting teats' response under milking.Ronningen, O.(*) (Norway)

00-AP-016. Warm versus Cold Drinking Water for Dairy Cows -Influence on 83Water and Feed Intake, Performance and Behaviour.Beck, J.(*); Katzschke, D.; Jungbluth, T. (Germany)

00-AP-017. Comparison of cow mattresses with a new testing apparatus for rapid 85wear tests.Sonck. B.; Van Havermaet, N.: Vervaeke, V.(*) (Belgium)

00-AP-018. Commercial-scale studies of the effect of broiler protein intake on 87ammonia emissions.Robertson, A. P.(*); Hoxey, R. P.; Demmers. T. G. M.; Welch, S. K.; Sneath. R.W.; Short, J. L.; Richards, A. F.; Cook, P. A.; Fothergill, A.; Filmer, D.;Hudson, N. A. J.; Fisher, C. (UK)

00-AP-019. Monitoring ammonia emissions on dairy farms in the framework of 89Dutch nutrient policy.M.C.J. Smits(*), J. Oenema, H.F.M. Aarts & G.J. Monteny (The Netherlands)

00-AP-020. Ammonia emissions from broiler manure - influence of storage and 91spreading method.Lena Rodhe (*) and Stig Karlsson (Sweden)

00-AP-021. Long-Term Comparison of the Emission Rates of Ammonia, Methane 93and Nitrous Oxide from three different Housing Systems for Fattening Pigs.Rathmer, B.; Gronauer, A.(*); Schon, H. (Germany)

OO-AP-022. Development of a system for the continuous detection of the odour 95emissions from agriculture.RieB. G. (*); Maier. B.: Gronauer. A.: Schon, H. (Germany)

OO-AP-023. A simplified method for evaluation of ammonia release in animal 97production systems.Gustafsson G(*), von Wachenfelt H & Swensson C (Sweden)

00-AP-024. The Environmental Impacts of Farm Scale Anaerobic Digestion ot 99

Livestock Wastes.Cumby, T. R*.; Nigro, E.; Sandars, D. L.; Canete, C ; Williams, A. G.; Scottord. I.M.; Audsley, E. (UK)

OO-AP-025. Solid State Anaerobic Digestion Of Organic Wastes. 101Linke, B. (*), Schelle, H. (Germany)

00-AP-026. Optimization of the drying/composting process of manure from poultry 103facilities.Hartung, E.(*); Monteny, G.J. (Germany)

OO-AP-027. Reduction of odour and bioaerosol emissions from swine facilities with 104biofilters.Martinec, M(*); Hartung, E.; Jungbluth, T.; Martens, W.; Bohm, R.; Schneider, F.;Stark, M.; Wieser, P.H.; Zapirain, R.2'; Palmgren, U. (Germany)

00-AP-028. Covering slurry stores to restrict ammonia emissions. 106Williams, A.G. (*); Nigro, E. (UK)

OO-AP-029. Odour release from the Hercules Evapo-scrubber. 108H.C. Willers (*); P.J. Hobbs; N.W.M. Ogink (The Netherlands)

00-AP-030. Use of pressurized slurry injection on steeply sloping terrain. 110John Morken(*), Jogeir Magnar By and Dina-Helen Lervag (Norway)

00-AP-031. A new approach towards quality assurance programs in pork 112production by means of electronic identification,Jan van de Veen(*) (The Netherlands)

OO-AP-032. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from different forms of pig 114fattening.Dr. Heinz-Jurgen Ahlgrimm (*), Jurgen Breford, Wilfried Asendorf (Germany)

OO-AP-033. Effectiveness of Electrostatic Space Charge System for Reducing Dust 116in a Caged Layer Room.Mitchell, B.W.(*): Holt, PS.; Seo, K.H. (USA)

OO-AP-034. Self-feeding of Dairy Cows by means of a Three-Component Silage. 118Franz Nydcgger(*), Silvia Stumpf (Switzerland)

OO-AP-035. Criteria for the Development and Assessment of Agricultural 120Procedures in Animal Production.Berg, W.; Hellebrand, H. J.(*) (Germany)

00-AP-036. Modelling the Response of Growth of Broiler Chickens to Variations 122in Feed Supply using a Recursive Parameter Estimation Technique.Aerts J.-M(*), Berckmans D.. Buyse J.. Lippens M, Decuypere E (Belgium)

00-AP-037. Effect of an algal additive on the reduction of ammonia emission from 124broiler houses.HOrnig. G.: Brunsch. R.(*) (Germany)

OO-AP-038. Chronic odor and H:S emission rates from animal production facilities 126and manure storage units.Jacobson, L. D. (*); Bicudo, J. R.; Janni, K. A.; Schmidt. D. R.; Tengman. C.(USA)

00-AP-039. Nutrient Removal from Dairy Farm Wastewater and Drum 128Composting of Dairy Manure Solids.Nordstedt, R.A.(*) and Sowerby. M.E. (USA)

00-AP-040. Evaporation of water from solid manure using ventilation exhaust air. 130Wagenberg, A.V. van (*); Melse. R.W. (The Netherlands)

00-AP-041. New aspects of cattle housing on straw bedding. 132Sonnenberg, H.(*); Hinz, T.: Deininger. A. (Germany)

00-AP-042. Effect of low crude protein level in different phase feeding strategies 134on indoor air quality and ammonia emission rates of finishing pig facilities.Van den Weghe, H.F.A.(*); Kaiser.S.; Weidenhofer.C; Strothmeyer.L. (Germany)

FB Farm Buildings

00-FB-001. Investigations of the Emission and Immission Behaviour from Cattle 138Houses.Miiller, H.-J. (*); Krause, K.-H.(Germany)

00-FB-002. Assessment of two pig housing and ventilation systems regarding 140indoor air quality and gas emissions - diurnal and seasonal effects.Gallmann, E. (*): Hartung. E.; Jungbluth. T. (Germany)

00-FB-003. Biofiltration of Exhaust Ventilation from Pig Units. 142Brian A Sheridan. Thomas P Curran* and Vincent A Dodd (Ireland)

00-FB-004. Heat, moisture and carbon dioxide release in an aviary system for 144laying hens.Von Wachenfelt, E.(*); Pederscn. S .: Gustafsson. G. (Sweden)

OO-FB-005. Reduction of ammonia emissions by air-conditioning w nh earth heat 146

exchangers.Epinatjeff, P.(*); Beck, J.; Jungbluth, T. (Germany)

00-FB-006. Numencal modelling of the wind pressure distribution on greenhousestructures.Mistriotis, A.(*); Briassoulis, D. (Greece)

14S

OO-FB-007. Adaptation and Harmonisation of Standard Testing Methods for 1 M>Mechanical Properties of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Films.Briassoulis, D.(*); A. Anstopoulou; M. Vitali (Greece)

00-FB-008. Characterisation and modelling of the heat transfer from heating tubes 1 ?2in a greenhouse.J.C. Roy; T. Boulard(*); Y Bailly (France)

00-FB-009. Greenhouse climate control using a ground tube heat exchanger. 154Pieters, J.G; Pollet, I.V.(*); Beel, E.; Volckaert, E. (Belgium)

00-FB-010. Improved ventilation of greenhouse. 156Nielsen, Otto Fr0sig (Denmark)

00-FB-011. Diminishing raise in air temperature in greenhouses equipped with l?8insect netting in the vents by wetting the roof.N.E. Andersson (Denmark)

OO-FB-012. Durability of Building Materials and Components in Farm Buildings. 160Svennerstedt B.(*) (Sweden)

OO-FB-013. Effects of silage effluents on asphalt and concrete. 162Van Caenegem, L.(*); Weydert, M.; Dehon, J.P. (Switzerland)

OO-FB-014. Calculus and design of concrete slabs on grade for asro-industnal 164activity using Finite Element Method (F.E.M).Ferrer G.,C(*); Ferran, J.J. (Spain)

00-FB-015. Research on the use of limestone granulates and non-broken gravel as 166aggregates in slatted floors for pig houses.Vcrvaeke, V.(*); Sonck, B. (Belgium)

00-FB-016. Bacillus cercus in deep bedded cubicles. 168Christina Kolstrup(*), Madeleine Magnusson, Anders Christiansson and BirgittaSvensson (Sweden)

00-FB-017. Characterising artificial bedding materials for cow cubicles 170Hansen K. & Strom J.S. (Denmark)

OO-FB-018. The Role of Finite Element Analysis in predicting the injury-reduction 172potential of dairy cow cubicle synthetic bedsTierney. G.(*): Thomson. R. (UK)

00-FB-019. Effect of different bedding to lower critical temperature of cattle. 174Haidn. B.: Kramer. A.; Hornauer. N.: Schon. H. (Germany)

00-FB-020. Housing systems for pigs in the future with straw or slats'1 176Hesse. D. (*): Bohme. H.: Schwarz. H.-P.; Hcnmng, Martina (Germany)00-FB-021. Feeding arrangements for dry sows. 178Knut Egil Boe. Inger Lise Andersea and Anne Lein Kristiansen. (Norway)

00-FB-022. The trend in farmers' exposure to gases and dusts in dairy farming. 179Louhelainen, J.K.*: Kansas. J. (Finland)

00-FB-023. Solar heat load in uninsulated livestock buildings. 181K-H Jeppsson(*) & G Gustafsson (Sweden)

00-FB-024. Comparison of methods to model a wall inlet in numerical simulation 183of airflow in livestock rooms.Bjerg, B.(*): Svidt. K.;Morsing, S.; Zhang, G.: Johnsen. J.O. (Denmark)

OO-FB-025. Noise-Ventilation Units. 185Guul-Simonscn. F.(*) & Madsen P. (Denmark)

00-FB-026. Methodology for old rural building scientific research. 187Francisco Ayuga. Ana I. Garcia, I. Canas. (Spain)

OO-FB-027. Plastic tunnel position and irrigation management of pepper (Capsicum 189annuum L.) plants.A. E. Klar(*); M. B. Braga (Brazil)

OO-FB-028. Harmonisation of the measurement of the optical properties of 191greenhouse cladding materials.Waaijenberg. D. (*): Gbiorczyk. K.; Feuilloley. P.; Verlodt. 1.; Bonora. M. (TheNetherlands)

OO-FB-029. The influence on the stresses of the columns of the Julian-Lawrence 193and Wood's methods versus F.E.M.Pablo Vidal Lopez: Manuel Guaita Fernandez; Marfa Jose Lopez Villar; AngelCouto Yanez;(*) (Spain)

OO-FB-030. Potential cost savings obtainable using contact pressure distribution 1'^under a strip footing calculated by a F.E. model.Lopez Villar, M. J.(*); Couto Yanez. A.; Guaita Fernandez, M.: Ayuga Tellez. h ;Canas Guerrero, I. (Spain)

00-FB-031. Numerical simulation of static pressures in silos with eccentric 197hoppers, rigid walls and elasto-plastic behavior of the stored material.Couto Yanez, A.(*); Guaita Fernandez, M.; Ayuga Tellez, F.; Aguado Rodriguez. P.(Spain)

OO-FB-032. Modelling and control of the ventilation rate in agricultural buildings. 199Erik Vranken(*), Roeland Gevers, Philip Leigh, Arun Chotai. Daniel Berckmans.Peter Young (Belgium)

00-FB-O34. Heat and Moisture Production of Broilers kept on Straw Bedding. 201Soren Pedersen; M. Gaardbo Thomsen (Denmark)

OO-FB-035. Measurements of Isothermal Compacted Ceiling Jets Generated by 203Rectangular Wall Inlets.Zhang G.; Bjerg, B.(*); Svidt, K.; Morsing, S.; Johnsen, JO. (Denmark)

0O-FB-036. Construction prototype with bamboo species and rice husk cement 205mortar.Antonio L. Beraldo Ani'sio Azzini; Wilza G.R.Lopes; Martha C.M.Valenciano:Sandra C. F. Martins (Brazil)

0O-FB-037. Characteristic Values of Pressures in Silos. 206Silva, M. C. A.T.(*) (Brazil)

OO-FB-038. Modeling the mechanical behaviour of greenhouse LDPE film using 208the Finite Element method.D. Briassoulis (*) and E. Schettini (Greece)

OO-FB-039. The effect of critical factors on the natural and artificial aaeina of Low 210Density Polyethylene (LDPE) films.A. Aristopoulou, Briassoulis, D.(*) (Greece)

00-FB-041. Critical load combinations for typical Mediterranean greenhouse 212accordi ng the new European standard for greenhouses prEN 13031 -1Y. L. Tsirogiannis, Briassoulis, D.(*) (Greece)

00-FB-044. Voluntary testing procedure of farm animal housing equipment with 214regard to animal welfare.Hesse. D.(*). Knierim. U.. Borell. E. von. Herrmann. H.J.. Koch. L.. Miiller. CRauch. H.-W., Sachser, N.. Schwabenbauer. K.. Zerbe. F. (Germany)

00-FB-045. New housing for fattening pigs - Comparison of three systems. 216Homauer N\: Haidn. B.: Schon. H. (Germany)

00-FB-046. An ultrasonic method for measuring the elastic constant in beams of 218Eucalyptus citnodora. Pinus eliottii and Goupia glabra wood.Goncalves. R.(*) and Bartholomeu. A. (Brazil)

00-FB-047. Little Bridges of the Traditional Rural Roads of "Terra Cha" (Lugo. 220Spain): Typological Analysis.Ortiz. J.(*): Canas. I. and Rego, T. (Spain)

OO-FB-048. Rubber slatted floors for tied up dairy cows. 222Nilsson. C.(*); Lundberg. F. (Sweden)

00-FB-049. New design solutions for protection from high temperatures of outdoor 224farrowing sows.Barban M.: Ferrari P.; Tcnti P. (*) (Italy)

00-FB-050. Results of the instrumentation of a slab concreted on the ground in 226order to control the variations in time of the unitary strains and temperatures indifferent points of it. from the beginning of the hardening.Francisco Ramirez Chasco (Spain)

00-FB-051. Optimization of dumper for bulk transportation of poultry feed. 227Jose Wallace B. do Nascimento; Daniel Teixeira Lucas (Brazil)

OO-FB-052. Study of Variables Determining Air Temperature in a Forced 228Ventilated Rose Greenhouse.Kittas. C.(*): Karamanis. M.: Katsoulas. N. (Greece)

OO-FB-053. Model based predictive control of stem elongation in poinsettia. 230Nielsen. B(*) Snipen, I..; (Denmark)

00-FB-054. Improving plant zone by the use of climate perforated benches. 232Lis Jacobsen (Denmark)

OO-FB-055. Risks of pollution from corpuscolar particles in a "quarter horses" 234rearing facilityC. Sancilio, G. Ruggiero(*). F. Cassano, A. Massola. 0. De Marinis. G. Rubino. (Italy)

OO-FB-056. Testing and approval of housing systems for cattle and swine in 236

NorwayHomtvedt, R (*); Fridheim, D. F. (Norway)

IE Industry Innovation Event

00-IE-001. Automatic Steering for Cereal Harvesters. - 4 0

Dipl. Ing. Peter Hieronymus (Germany)

OO-IE-002. The new concept of RFID for cattle. - 4 -Robin Sadler (*) (UK)

00-IE-003. New soil saving method for transport and application of slurry. 244J. Sterken (Holland)

00-IE-004. Automatic Milking System LEONARDO - Hanging-on of the Teat- 246Cups.Kimm, Kurt(*), Heyken, Ines (Germany)

00-IE-005. Engineering suspension into high draft farm tractors 248Clay, R.; Hemingway, P.F. (UK)

OO-IE-006. TeleFarm: The platform for communication and management between 250agricultural partners.Eichler, Christoph(*) (Germany)

00-IE-007i. AGRO NAV® Autonomous, off-road Vehicle Navigation and 252Implement Control System, using CDGPS and Inertial Backup.Gunther Bittner (*) (Germany)

00-IE-007ii. Investigation of Position Accuracy of an Autonomous. Off-road 254Vehicle Navigation.Rudiger Freimann (*) (Germany)

00-IE-008. Development and testing of a new continuous round baler. 256Gabriele Toschi (Italy)

00-1E-009. A new super-rake for improved economies of scale of high performance 257silage harvesting systems.Dr. Horstmann, J (*); Seggering, M; Jorgens, H. (Germany)

IT Information Technology

00-IT-001. Optimising Fungicide Applications on Winter Wheat using Genetic 260Algorithms.Parsons. D. J. (UK)

00-IT-002. The Agro climate Application Information System for Crop Production 262and Protection in Egypt.Prof. Ayman F. Abou-Hadid (Egypt)

00-IT-003. Optimising profit and the environment within whole farm planning. 264Janet E. Sells(*): Eric Audsley (UK)

00-IT-004. Database for farm planning and enterprise budgets. 265Klas Fredriksson. Bo Ohlmer. Jonas Flodin (Sweden)

OO-IT-005. Automatic process data acquisition with GPS and LBS. 267Auemhammer. H. (*); Demmel. M. : Spangler. A.; Trukenbrod, R. (Germany)

00-IT-006. Satellite steered co-ordinated agricultural goods transport to attenuate 269environmental impact.Gebrcsenbet. G.; Ljungberg, D. (Sweden)

00-IT-008. A design methodology for Farming Systems: A case for the comparison 271between rectangular and circular greenhouses.Dr. Ir. D. Goensc and S. Halachmi. MSc (The Netherlands)

00-IT-009. A Usability Software as a Tool for Technical Evaluation of No-Till 273Planters.Dallmeyer(*), Amo U.: Tessaro, Juliano A.; Romano, Leonardo N (Brazil)

00-IT-010. Genetic optimization of plant layout of citrus packing industry with 275fuzzy flows among activities.Pelhcer Climent, F.j'.(*); Cano Hurtado. J.J.: Hospitaler Perez, A.; Jaen Gomez. P.;Santamarina Siurana, C.; (Spain)

00-IT-011. Information and internet technology for the remote diagnosis in the 277plant factory and the greenhouse.Hatou, K.(*); Hashimoto. Y.; De Baerdemaeker, J. (Japan)

00-IT-012. Results of a survey in farm transport. 278Weise. G. (*); Bernhardt, H. (Germany)

00-IT-014. A Cluster of Workstations to Calculate Variations of Neural Networks 280Sascha Richter(*); Klaus Gottschalk: Gerhard Wormanns: Erhard Konrad(Germany)

00-IT-015. Opportunities of electronic commerce for rural development: The role 2S2of intermediaries in agriculture.Costopoulou, C. I.(*); Passam, H. C. (Greece)

00-IT-016. Assessing the performance of irrigation schemes with minimum or no 284data on water deliveries.Sam-Amoah, L. K.(*): Gowing, J. W. (UK)

00TT-017. Intensifying farmer-customer contacts by means of information 286technology - 2 cases from Finland.Peltola A.(*); Viihamaa R. (Finland)

00-IT-018. Development and Application of Optimal Routes Selection Model for 288Agricultural Products Transportation.Suh, K.(*); Lee, J.J.; Na, J.Y. (Korea)

OO-IT-019. Development of the Integrated Design System of Agricultural Facilities 290(IDSAF).Kim, H.J.(*); Na, J.Y.; Lee, J.J (Korea)

PA Precision AgricultureSponsored by Claas

00-PA-001. Precision Agriculture in New Zealand. 294Yule, I.J.(*); Praat, J.P.; Tuohy, M.; Gillingham, A.(New Zealand)

OO-PA-002. Strategies for future mechanization in Central Europe. 296Schoen. H.(*); Auemhammer, H. (Germany)

00-PA-003. Vehicle guidance using CP-DGPS: comparison of two heading 298estimators.Cordesscs, L.(*); Cariou, C; Martinet, P.; Berducat, M. (France)

OO-PA-004. GPS based optimisation of handling hay bales. 300TOllc. R.(*); Kraschinski, S.; v. Horn, F.; Hahn, J. (Germany)

OO-PA-005. DGPS based safety systems for automatically steered agricultural 302machinery.

Pickel. P.(*); Klee, U.; Hofmann, L. (Germany)

00-PA-006. Using remote sensing to assess wind and hail damage to crops. 304Vorst. J. J.(*): Erickson, B. J.; Johannsen, C. J. (USA)

00-PA-007. Crop growth information from line spectrometer data using neural 305networks.Bennedsen, B. S.(*); Rasmussen. P.; Nielsen. H. (Denmark)

00-PA-008. Assessing the nitrogen status of plants by optical measurements. 307

Roberto Oberti(*). Josse De Baerdemaeker (Belgium)

OO-PA-009. Moisture measurement on forage harvesting machines. 309

Kormann G.* Auernhammer H. (Germany)

00-PA-010. Using spectral information for weed detection in field circumstances. 311

Vrindts. E. (*); De Baerdemaeker, J. (Belgium)

00-PA-011. A dose control unit for manure spreader. 313

Balsari, P. (*); Airoldi, G. (Italy)

00-PA-012. On farm development of a variable rate nitrogen fertilizer strategy. 315James, I. T.(*); Godwin, R. J.: Earl. R. )(UK)

00-PA-013. Sensitivity of durum wheat modelling to spatial variability in southern 317Italy.Castrignano. A.(*); Montemurro. F.; Ferri, D.; Martinelli, N. (Italy)

00-PA-014. A comparison between traditional methods and EMI scanning for 319determining soil tcxtural boundaries.James, I. T.(*); Waine. T. W.: Bradley. R. I..; Godwin, R. J. (UK)

00-PA-015. Mapping of soil parameters with real-time kinematic GPS. 321

Droll, P.(*); Stoll, A.1 Kutzbach. H.D. (Germany)

00-PA-016. Soil and weed survey for spatially variable herbicide application on 323

railways.Antuniassi, U.R.(*): Velini, E.D.; Nogueira. H.C. (Brazil)

OO-PA-017. Sprayer nozzles for precision pesticide application. 32.->

Lund, I. (Denmark)

OO-PA-018. Robotic Weed Control Systems for California Row Crops. 327Slaughter, D.C.(*), Lamm, R.D. and Lee, W.S. (USA)

OO-PA-019. Multivariate Analysis for Crop Growth Information from Line 329Spectrometer Data.Henning Nielsen*, Rasmus Devantier & Bent S. Bennedsen (Denmark)

00-PA-020. Yield measurements on a potato harvester. 331Van Canneyt T.(*) & Verschoore R. (Belgium)

00-PA-021. A soil mechanical resistance sensor for on-line application in precision 333agriculture: soil strength mapping and correlation with soil physical properties.Sirjacobs, D.(*); Destain, M.-F. (Belgium)

OO-PA-022. Simulation of droplet trajectories under a flat fan nozzle. 33nC. Sinfort, A. El Khalfi, S. Lorin, B. Bonicelli, F. Sevila (France)

00-PA-025. Soil cone penetration resistance and moisture maps for sugar cane 337field.Lancas, K. P.(*); Castro Neto, P.; Nagaoka, A. K.; Guerra. S. P. S. (Brazil)

00-PA-026. DGPS supported primary soil tillage. 339VoBhenrich, H.-H.*, Marquering, J.; Gattermann, B.; Tager-Farny, W.; Sommcr. C.(Germany)

OO-PA-027. Automatic Steering with Real Time Kinematic GPS 341Stoll, A. (*); Kutzbach, H.D. (Germany)

OO-PA-028. Harvester seeding of winter wheat in a sugar beet harvester. 343Demmel, M.(*); Nawroth, P.; Trukenbrod, R.; Auernhammer. H. (Germany)

00-PA-030. Spatial variability of maize yield correlated with soil chemical and 345physical characteristics in the application of precision agriculture techniques.Servadio, P.; Marsili, A.; Beni, C; Di Dio, C; and Figliolia. A. (Italy)

00-PA-031. Determination of Variable Rate Fertilizing Amount in Small Size 347Fields Using Geographic Information System.Cho, Seong In(*); Kang, In Sung (South Korea)