abstrak hubungan kecemasan dengan tingkat …
TRANSCRIPT
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ABSTRAK
HUBUNGAN KECEMASAN DENGAN TINGKAT KEJADIAN GERD
PADA MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS
KRISTEN MARANATHA ANGKATAN 2014
Priscilia Agatha, 2017. Pembimbing I : Harry Tribowo Hadi, dr., Sp.KJ
Pembimbing II : Stella Tinia Hasianna, dr., M.Kes, IBCLC
Penyakit refluks gastroesofageal (GERD) merupakan gangguan saluran cerna
yang umum terjadi. GERD memiliki dampak yang dapat menurunkan kualitas
hidup pasien. Kejadian GERD dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya
adalah faktor psikologis. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mencari tahu hubungan
kecemasan dengan tingkat kejadian GERD.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor psikologis
khususnya kecemasan dengan tingkat kejadian GERD pada mahasiwa fakultas
kedokteran Universitas Kristen Maranatha.
Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional analitik dengan
rancangan penelitian cross sectional yang dianalisis dengan uji chi square. Subjek
penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiwa fakultas kedokteran Universitas Kristen
Maranatha angkatan 2014 dengan jumlah 160 orang yang mengisi dua kuesioner,
GERD-Q dan kuesioner ZSAS.
Pada penelitian ini, ditemukan sebanyak 41 orang subjek penelitian menderita
GERD dan didapatkan gangguan kecemasan (p=0,008; OR=3,269) memiliki
hubungan dengan kejadian GERD.
Simpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah kecemasan berhubungan dengan kejadian
GERD pada mahasiswa fakultas kedokteran Universitas Kristen Maranatha
angkatan 2014.
Kata kunci: GERD, kecemasan
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ABSTRACT
THE ASSOCIATION OF ANXIETY TOWARDS GERD INCIDENCE IN
MARANATHA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL STUDENTS
YEAR 2014
Priscilia Agatha, 2017. Perceptor I : Harry Tribowo Hadi, dr., Sp.KJ
Perceptor II : Stella Tinia Hasianna, dr., M.Kes, IBCLC
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common disorder in
gastrointestinal tract. GERD could give impacts that will lower a patient’s quality
of life. There are several risk factors that will increase GERD incidence, including
psychological factor. This study was meant to investigate how far psychological
condition, such as anxiety disorder play a role in increasing GERD incidence.
The objective of this study was to the determine the association between GERD
and anxiety disorder in Maranatha Christian University medical students year
2014.
The method of this study was an analytic observastional research with a cross
sectional model, analyzed with chi square test. This study examined data collected
from all Maranatha Christian University medical students year 2014 (160 people).
Data were collected in two questionairres. GERD-Q was used to determine GERD
diagnosis and ZSAS questionairres was used to determine anxiety disorder.
On this study, it was found that 41 subjects of study were afflicted by GERD.
Anxiety disorder also found to be related to GERD incidence (p=0,008;
OR=3,269).
The conclusion of this study, is that anxiety disorder were associated to GERD
incidence in Maranatha Christian University medical students year 2014.
Keywords: anxiety, GERD
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DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN .................................................................................. ii
SURAT PERNYATAAN ..................................................................................... iii
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... iv
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. v
KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................... xii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang .................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Identifikasi Masalah .......................................................................................... 3
1.3 Maksud dan Tujuan ........................................................................................... 4
1.4 Manfaat Karya Tulis Ilmiah .............................................................................. 4
1.5 Kerangka Pemikiran ........................................................................................... 4
1.6 Hipotesis Penelitian............................................................................................5
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1 Anatomi Oesophagus dan Gaster ...................................................................... 6
2.2 Histologi Oesophagus dan Gaster ..................................................................... 8
2.3 Fisiologi Sekresi Asam Lambung ................................................................... 12
2.4 Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) ....................................................... 16
2.4.1 Definisi GERD ...................................................................................... 16
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2.4.2 Epidemiologi GERD ............................................................................. 17
2.4.3 Patofisiologi GERD .............................................................................. 18
2.4.4 GERD-Q ............................................................................................... 20
2.5 Gangguan Kecemasan ............................................................................ 21
2.5.1 Definisi Gangguan Kecemasan ............................................................ 21
2.5.2 Epidemiologi Gangguan Kecemasan ................................................... 21
2.5.3 Patofisiologi Gangguan Kecemasan .................................................... 22
2.5.4 Klasifikasi Ganguan Kecemasan ......................................................... 25
2.5.5 Hubungan Stres/Kecemasan Dengan Patofisiologi GERD ................. 27
2.5.6 Kuesioner ZSAS .................................................................................. 29
BAB III BAHAN DAN METODE PENELITIAN
3.1 Alat dan Bahan ................................................................................................ 31
3.2 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian .......................................................................... 31
3.3 Subjek Penelitian ......................................................................................... 31
3.3.1 Kriteria Subjek Penelitian ........................................................................31
3.3.1.1 Kriteria Inklusi ............................................................................... 31
3.3.1.2 Kriteria Eksklusi............................................................................. 32
3.4 Besar Sampel .................................................................................................... 32
3.5 Rancangan Penelitian ....................................................................................... 32
3.5.1 Desain Penelitian .................................................................................. 32
3.5.2 Variabel Penelitian ................................................................................ 32
3.5.3 Definisi Operasional ............................................................................. 33
3.6 Prosedur Penelitian........................................................................................... 33
3.7 Analisis Data .................................................................................................... 34
3.8 Hipotesis Penelitian..........................................................................................34
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3.9 Aspek Etika Penelitian ..................................................................................... 35
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
4.1 Karakteristik Subjek Penelitian ....................................................................... 36
4.2 Hubungan Tingkat Kecemasan Terhadap Kejadian GERD ............................ 37
4.3 Uji Hipotesis Penelitian....................................................................................38
BAB IV SIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.1 Simpulan ......................................................................................................... 40
5.2 Saran ................................................................................................................ 40
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................ 41
LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................... 45
RIWAYAT HIDUP ................................................................................................ 56
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel Halaman
4.1 Karakteristik Subjek Penelitian ...................................................................... 36
4.2 Hubungan Tingkat Kecemasan dan GERD .................................................... 37
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar Halaman
2.1 Gaster ............................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Pendarahan Gaster ............................................................................................ 8
2.3 Histologi Oesophagus .................................................................................... 10
2.4 Histologi Gastrointestinal Secara Umum ......................................................... 11
2.5 Sel-sel di Dalam Gaster .................................................................................. 12
2.6 Mekanisme Sekresi Asam Lambung .............................................................. 14
2.7 Mekanisme Pertahanan Asam Lambung ........................................................ 16
2.8 Patofisiologi GERD ....................................................................................... 20
2.9 Gejala Kecemasan dengan Regio Otak dan Sirkuit yang Mengaturnya ........ 22
2.10 Regulasi Perasaan Takut Pada Amygdala .................................................... 23
2.11 Gejala Kecemasan dan Neurotransmitter yang Berperan ............................ 24
2.12 Regulasi Perasaan Khawatir Oleh Sirkuit CSTC ......................................... 24
2.13 Respon Stres dan Aksis HPA ....................................................................... 28
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran Halaman
1. Ethical Approval ................................................................................................ 45
2. Kuesioner ........................................................................................................... 46
3. Karakteristik Subjek Penelitian .......................................................................... 49
4. Pengisian kuesioner ............................................................................................ 54
5. Hasil SPSS Hubungan Kecemasan dengan GERD .......................................... 55
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